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Shi J, Sun J, Chen Y, Zhu M, Wang Q, Lu C, Wang D. [Analysis of phenotype and genetic variant in a family with Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2022; 39:703-707. [PMID: 35810425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the genetic basis for a proband with Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS). METHODS Whole exome sequencing was carried out to detect potential variants associated with the relevant phenotypes. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing of the patient and her family. RESULTS DNA sequencing revealed that that the proband has carried a de novo heterozygous missense c.94C>G (p.Leu32Val) variant in exon 1 of the SKI gene (NM_003036), which has been reported previously. The same variant was not detected in either parent. Based on the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was predicted to be pathogenic (PS1+PS2+PM1+PM2+PP2+PP3). CONCLUSION The SKI c.94C>G (p. Leu32Val) variant probably underlay the autosomal dominant SGS in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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2
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Tan X, Leng X, Tao D, Yang Y, Liu Y. [A novel splicing acceptor variant of the FBN2 gene contributes to a case of congenital contractural arachnodactyly]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2022; 39:522-525. [PMID: 35598270 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20210120-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the pathogenic variants from a patient with suspected congenital contractural arachnodactyly, and to explore the possible molecular genetic pathogenesis, so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed for the patient. The splicing site variation of candidate pathogenic genes was verified by Sanger sequencing, and the new transcript sequence was determined by RT-PCR and TA-cloning sequencing. RESULTS The patient carried a heterozygous c.533-1G>C variant of FBN2 gene, which was not reported. The sequencing of mRNA showed that the variant leaded to the disappearance of the canonical splice acceptor site of FBN2 gene and the activation of a cryptic splice acceptor site at c.533-71, resulting in the insertion of 70 bp sequence in the new transcript. It was speculated that the polypeptide encoded by the new transcript changed from valine (Val) to serine (Ser) at amino acid 179, and prematurely terminated after 26 aminoacids. According to the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant of FBN2 gene c. 533-1G>C was determined as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2+PP3 ). CONCLUSION A novel splicing variant of FBN2 gene (c.533-1G>C) was identified, which can lead to congenital contractural arachnodactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Tan
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041,China.
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3
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Gentile D, Toriello F, Santangelo G, Bursi F, Carugo S. Spontaneous coronary dissection in a patient with Beals syndrome. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:e18-e20. [PMID: 33927143 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domitilla Gentile
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Filippo Toriello
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Gloria Santangelo
- San Paolo Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bursi
- San Paolo Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine
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4
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Pyeritz RE. Arachnodactyly represented in art. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2021; 187:163-167. [PMID: 34021688 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arachnodactyly, a term used since 1902 to describe abnormally long (spider-like) fingers, is a pathologic feature of several heritable conditions, notably the Marfan syndrome and congenital contractural arachnodactyly. A number of prominent artists, dating from the 16th to the 20th centuries, have depicted subjects with unusually long fingers, sometime associated with elongation of the body, neck and head. El Greco incorporated this style in many paintings. Little evidence supports any subject in any of these paintings as having a congenital deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed E Pyeritz
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Gori I, George R, Purkiss AG, Strohbuecker S, Randall RA, Ogrodowicz R, Carmignac V, Faivre L, Joshi D, Kjær S, Hill CS. Mutations in SKI in Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome lead to attenuated TGF-β responses through SKI stabilization. eLife 2021; 10:e63545. [PMID: 33416497 PMCID: PMC7834018 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is a multisystemic connective tissue disorder, with considerable clinical overlap with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes. These syndromes have commonly been associated with enhanced TGF-β signaling. In SGS patients, heterozygous point mutations have been mapped to the transcriptional co-repressor SKI, which is a negative regulator of TGF-β signaling that is rapidly degraded upon ligand stimulation. The molecular consequences of these mutations, however, are not understood. Here we use a combination of structural biology, genome editing, and biochemistry to show that SGS mutations in SKI abolish its binding to phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3. This results in stabilization of SKI and consequently attenuation of TGF-β responses, both in knockin cells expressing an SGS mutation and in fibroblasts from SGS patients. Thus, we reveal that SGS is associated with an attenuation of TGF-β-induced transcriptional responses, and not enhancement, which has important implications for other Marfan-related syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Gori
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger George
- Structural Biology Facility, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Purkiss
- Structural Biology Facility, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Strohbuecker
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Facility, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca A Randall
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Roksana Ogrodowicz
- Structural Biology Facility, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- INSERM - Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD, FHU-TRANSLADDijonFrance
| | - Dhira Joshi
- Peptide Chemistry Facility, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Svend Kjær
- Structural Biology Facility, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
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Phokaew C, Sittiwangkul R, Suphapeetiporn K, Shotelersuk V. Double heterozygous variants in FBN1 and FBN2 in a Thai woman with Marfan and Beals syndromes. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103982. [PMID: 32534992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A phenotype of an individual is resulted from an interaction among variants in several genes. Advanced molecular technologies allow us to identify more patients with mutations in more than one genes. Here, we studied a Thai woman with combined clinical features of Marfan (MFS) and Beals (BS) syndromes including frontal bossing, enophthalmos, myopia, the crumpled appearance to the top of the pinnae, midface hypoplasia, high arched palate, dermal stretch marks, aortic enlargement, mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation, aortic root dilatation, and progressive scoliosis. The aortic root enlargement was progressive to a diameter of 7.2 cm requiring an aortic root replacement at the age of 8 years. At her last visit when she was 19 years old, she had moderate aortic regurgitation. Exome sequencing revealed that she carried the c.3159C > G (p.Cys1053Trp) in exon 26 of FBN1 and c.2638G > A (p. Gly880Ser) in exon 20 of FBN2. The variant in FBN1 was de novo, while that in FBN2 was inherited from her unaffected mother. Both genes encode for fibrillins, which are essential for elastic fibers and can form the heterotypic microfibrils. Two defective fibrillins may synergistically worsen cardiovascular manifestations seen in our patient. In this study, we identified the fourth patient with both MFS and BS, carrying mutations in both FBN1 and FBN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chureerat Phokaew
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Rekwan Sittiwangkul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kanya Suphapeetiporn
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Najafi A, Caspar SM, Meienberg J, Rohrbach M, Steinmann B, Matyas G. Variant filtering, digenic variants, and other challenges in clinical sequencing: a lesson from fibrillinopathies. Clin Genet 2020; 97:235-245. [PMID: 31506931 PMCID: PMC7004123 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genome-scale high-throughput sequencing enables the detection of unprecedented numbers of sequence variants. Variant filtering and interpretation are facilitated by mutation databases, in silico tools, and population-based reference datasets such as ExAC/gnomAD, while variants are classified using the ACMG/AMP guidelines. These methods, however, pose clinically relevant challenges. We queried the gnomAD dataset for (likely) pathogenic variants in genes causing autosomal-dominant disorders. Furthermore, focusing on the fibrillinopathies Marfan syndrome (MFS) and congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA), we screened 500 genomes of our patients for co-occurring variants in FBN1 and FBN2. In gnomAD, we detected 2653 (likely) pathogenic variants in 253 genes associated with autosomal-dominant disorders, enabling the estimation of variant-filtering thresholds and disease predisposition/prevalence rates. In our database, we discovered two families with hitherto unreported co-occurrence of FBN1/FBN2 variants causing phenotypes with mixed or modified MFS/CCA clinical features. We show that (likely) pathogenic gnomAD variants may be more frequent than expected and are challenging to classify according to the ACMG/AMP guidelines as well as that fibrillinopathies are likely underdiagnosed and may co-occur. Consequently, selection of appropriate frequency cutoffs, recognition of digenic variants, and variant classification represent considerable challenges in variant interpretation. Neglecting these challenges may lead to incomplete or missed diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Najafi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics and Gene DiagnosticsFoundation for People with Rare DiseasesSchlieren‐ZurichSwitzerland
- Cantonal Hospital WinterthurInstitute of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineWinterthurSwitzerland
| | - Sylvan M. Caspar
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics and Gene DiagnosticsFoundation for People with Rare DiseasesSchlieren‐ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Janine Meienberg
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics and Gene DiagnosticsFoundation for People with Rare DiseasesSchlieren‐ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital Zurich Eleonore FoundationZurichSwitzerland
| | - Beat Steinmann
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's Hospital Zurich Eleonore FoundationZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gabor Matyas
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics and Gene DiagnosticsFoundation for People with Rare DiseasesSchlieren‐ZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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8
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Rozas MF, Benavides F, León L, Repetto GM. Association between phenotype and deletion size in 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:195. [PMID: 31399107 PMCID: PMC6688301 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, a disorder caused by heterozygous loss of genetic material in chromosome region 22q11.2, has a broad range of clinical symptoms. The most common congenital anomalies involve the palate in 80% of patients, and the heart in 50-60% of them. The cause of the phenotypic variability is unknown. Patients usually harbor one of three common deletions sizes: 3, 2 and 1.5 Mb, between low copy repeats (LCR) designated A-D, A-C and A-B, respectively. This study aimed to analyze the association between these 3 deletion sizes and the presence of congenital cardiac and/or palatal malformations in individuals with this condition. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, merging relevant published studies with data from Chilean patients to increase statistical power. RESULTS Eight articles out of 432 were included; the data from these studies was merged with our own, achieving a total of 1514 and 487 patients to evaluate cardiac and palate malformations, respectively. None of the compared deleted chromosomal segments were statistically associated with cardiac defects (ORAB v/s AC-AD: 0.654 [0.408-1.046]; OR AD v/s AB-AC: 1.291 [0.860-1.939]) or palate anomalies (ORAB v/s AC-AD: 1.731 [0.708-4.234]; OR AD v/s AB-AC: 0.628 [0.286-1.382]). CONCLUSIONS The lack of association between deletion size and CHD or PA found in this meta-analysis suggests that deletion size does not explain the incomplete penetrance of these 2 major manifestations, and that the critical region for the development of heart and palatal abnormalities is within LCR A-B, the smallest region of overlap among the three deletion sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernanda Rozas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Avda Las Condes, 12461 Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Benavides
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Avda Las Condes, 12438 Santiago, Chile
- Present address: ThermoScientific, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis León
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Avda Las Condes, 12438 Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Pedro de Valdivia, 425 Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela M. Repetto
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Avda Las Condes, 12438 Santiago, Chile
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Bahíllo-Curieses MP, Galbis Soto S, Tellería Orriols JJ. Relevance of new genetic tests in the diagnosis of short stature with dysmorphic features. Med Clin (Barc) 2016; 147:e67-e68. [PMID: 27823796 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Bahíllo-Curieses
- Servicio de Pediatría y Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, España.
| | - Sofía Galbis Soto
- Servicio de Pediatría y Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, España
| | - Juan José Tellería Orriols
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, España
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Deng H, Lu Q, Xu H, Deng X, Yuan L, Yang Z, Guo Y, Lin Q, Xiao J, Guan L, Song Z. Identification of a Novel Missense FBN2 Mutation in a Chinese Family with Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly Using Exome Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155908. [PMID: 27196565 PMCID: PMC4873217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA, OMIM 121050), also known as Beals-Hecht syndrome, is an autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue. CCA is characterized by arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, pectus deformities, kyphoscoliosis, congenital contractures and a crumpled appearance of the helix of the ear. The aim of this study is to identify the genetic cause of a 4-generation Chinese family of Tujia ethnicity with congenital contractural arachnodactyly by exome sequencing. The clinical features of patients in this family are consistent with CCA. A novel missense mutation, c.3769T>C (p.C1257R), in the fibrillin 2 gene (FBN2) was identified responsible for the genetic cause of our family with CCA. The p.C1257R mutation occurs in the 19th calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like (cbEGF) domain. The amino acid residue cysteine in this domain is conserved among different species. Our findings suggest that exome sequencing is a powerful tool to discover mutation(s) in CCA. Our results may also provide new insights into the cause and diagnosis of CCA, and may have implications for genetic counseling and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- * E-mail: (HD); (ZS)
| | - Qian Lu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hongbo Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Department of Medical Information, Information Security and Big Data Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhi Song
- Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- * E-mail: (HD); (ZS)
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Hytönen MK, Arumilli M, Lappalainen AK, Owczarek-Lipska M, Jagannathan V, Hundi S, Salmela E, Venta P, Sarkiala E, Jokinen T, Gorgas D, Kere J, Nieminen P, Drögemüller C, Lohi H. Molecular Characterization of Three Canine Models of Human Rare Bone Diseases: Caffey, van den Ende-Gupta, and Raine Syndromes. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006037. [PMID: 27187611 PMCID: PMC4871343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
One to two percent of all children are born with a developmental disorder requiring pediatric hospital admissions. For many such syndromes, the molecular pathogenesis remains poorly characterized. Parallel developmental disorders in other species could provide complementary models for human rare diseases by uncovering new candidate genes, improving the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and opening possibilities for therapeutic trials. We performed various experiments, e.g. combined genome-wide association and next generation sequencing, to investigate the clinico-pathological features and genetic causes of three developmental syndromes in dogs, including craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO), a previously undescribed skeletal syndrome, and dental hypomineralization, for which we identified pathogenic variants in the canine SLC37A2 (truncating splicing enhancer variant), SCARF2 (truncating 2-bp deletion) and FAM20C (missense variant) genes, respectively. CMO is a clinical equivalent to an infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease), for which SLC37A2 is a new candidate gene. SLC37A2 is a poorly characterized member of a glucose-phosphate transporter family without previous disease associations. It is expressed in many tissues, including cells of the macrophage lineage, e.g. osteoclasts, and suggests a disease mechanism, in which an impaired glucose homeostasis in osteoclasts compromises their function in the developing bone, leading to hyperostosis. Mutations in SCARF2 and FAM20C have been associated with the human van den Ende-Gupta and Raine syndromes that include numerous features similar to the affected dogs. Given the growing interest in the molecular characterization and treatment of human rare diseases, our study presents three novel physiologically relevant models for further research and therapy approaches, while providing the molecular identity for the canine conditions. Rare developmental disorders make a major contribution to pediatric hospital admissions and mortality. There is a growing interest in the development of therapeutics for these conditions, but that requires understanding of the genetic cause and pathology. Research can be facilitated by physiologically relevant models, such as dogs with corresponding disorders. We have characterized the clinical features and genetic causes of three developmental syndromes in dogs, including craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO), a previously undescribed skeletal syndrome, and dental hypomineralization, for which we identified mutations in the canine SLC37A2, SCARF2 and FAM20C genes, respectively. CMO is a clinical equivalent to an infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease) for which SLC37A2 is a new candidate gene. SLC37A2 is a glucose-phosphate transporter in osteoclasts, and its defect suggests an impaired glucose homeostasis in developing bone, leading to hyperostosis. Mutations in the SCARF2 and FAM20C genes have been associated with the human van den Ende-Gupta and Raine syndromes. Our study provides molecular identity for the canine conditions and presents three novel physiologically relevant models of human rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo K. Hytönen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meharji Arumilli
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu K. Lappalainen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sruthi Hundi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Salmela
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrick Venta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Eva Sarkiala
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Jokinen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela Gorgas
- Division of Clinical Radiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Juha Kere
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pekka Nieminen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Yagi H, Hatano M, Takeda N, Harada S, Suzuki Y, Taniguchi Y, Shintani Y, Morita H, Kanamori N, Aoyama T, Watanabe M, Manabe I, Akazawa H, Kinugawa K, Komuro I. Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly without FBN1 or FBN2 Gene Mutations Complicated by Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Intern Med 2015; 54:1237-41. [PMID: 25986263 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by marfanoid habitus with camptodactyly. However, cardiac features have rarely been documented in adults. We herein report a sporadic case of CCA in a 20-year-old woman who developed decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy. The patient did not have any mutations in the FBN1 or FBN2 genes, which are most commonly associated with Marfan syndrome and CCA, respectively. Although whether these two diseases are caused by a mutation(s) in the same gene or two different genes remains unknown, this case provides new clinical insight into the cardiovascular management of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yagi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan
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Inbar-Feigenberg M, Meirowitz N, Nanda D, Toi A, Okun N, Chitayat D. Beals syndrome (congenital contractural arachnodactyly): prenatal ultrasound findings and molecular analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:486-490. [PMID: 24585410 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the prenatal findings in two cases of Beals syndrome. Both pregnancies presented with clinical features of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita/fetal akinesia syndrome (AMC/FAS), including clenched fists and multiple joint contractures on repeat prenatal ultrasound examinations. The first case was diagnosed as having Beals syndrome on physical examination shortly after birth and the diagnosis was confirmed by DNA analysis, shown as a point mutation in the fibrillin 2 (FBN2) gene. The second case was diagnosed with Beals syndrome following microarray analysis on amniocytes, which showed a deletion of the FBN2 gene. Although most cases with AMC/FAS carry a poor prognosis, Beals syndrome is consistent with normal cognitive development and a better prognosis. Thus, making the correct diagnosis is crucial, both pre- and postnatally, for accurate counseling and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inbar-Feigenberg
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Carmignac V, Thevenon J, Adès L, Callewaert B, Julia S, Thauvin-Robinet C, Gueneau L, Courcet JB, Lopez E, Holman K, Renard M, Plauchu H, Plessis G, De Backer J, Child A, Arno G, Duplomb L, Callier P, Aral B, Vabres P, Gigot N, Arbustini E, Grasso M, Robinson PN, Goizet C, Baumann C, Di Rocco M, Sanchez Del Pozo J, Huet F, Jondeau G, Collod-Beroud G, Beroud C, Amiel J, Cormier-Daire V, Rivière JB, Boileau C, De Paepe A, Faivre L. In-frame mutations in exon 1 of SKI cause dominant Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 91:950-7. [PMID: 23103230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS) is characterized by severe marfanoid habitus, intellectual disability, camptodactyly, typical facial dysmorphism, and craniosynostosis. Using family-based exome sequencing, we identified a dominantly inherited heterozygous in-frame deletion in exon 1 of SKI. Direct sequencing of SKI further identified one overlapping heterozygous in-frame deletion and ten heterozygous missense mutations affecting recurrent residues in 18 of the 19 individuals screened for SGS; these individuals included one family affected by somatic mosaicism. All mutations were located in a restricted area of exon 1, within the R-SMAD binding domain of SKI. No mutation was found in a cohort of 11 individuals with other marfanoid-craniosynostosis phenotypes. The interaction between SKI and Smad2/3 and Smad 4 regulates TGF-β signaling, and the pattern of anomalies in Ski-deficient mice corresponds to the clinical manifestations of SGS. These findings define SGS as a member of the family of diseases associated with the TGF-β-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Carmignac
- Equipe d'Accueil 4271, Equipe Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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15
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Piga M, Vacca A, Cauli A, Porru G, Mathieu A. Familial chilblain and late contractural arachnodactyly: a novel association? Joint Bone Spine 2009; 76:205-8. [PMID: 19124263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report an Italian family suffering from chilblain. Seven members over three generations affected, two of them presenting association with late contractural arachnodactyly. Inflammatory cutaneous lesions following exposure to cold or drop in temperature are called chilblain. Arachnodactyly is an hallmark of hereditary connective tissue disorders such as Marfan's syndrome and Beals' syndrome. The latter, showing joint congenital contractures, is called indeed congenital contractural arachnodactyly. We speculate that an underlying alteration in connective tissue could lead to the association between chilblain lesions and contractural arachnodactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Piga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari and AOU of Cagliari, Italy
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Dundar M, Erkilic K, Argun M, Caglayan AO, Comeglio P, Koseoglu E, Matyas G, Child AH. Scoliosis, blindness and arachnodactyly in a large Turkish family: is it a new syndrome? Genet Couns 2008; 19:319-330. [PMID: 18990988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this report we have described an affected sib in a large Turkish family who appears to have a new distinct dominantly-inherited blindness, scoliosis and arachnodactyly syndrome. The combination of clinical abnormalities in these patients did not initially suggest Marfan syndrome or other connective tissue disorders associated with ectopia lentis. The proband was a 16-year-old boy who was referred to our clinics for scoliosis. He had arachnodactyly of both fingers and toes. He had been suffering from progressive visual loss and strabismus since he was eight-years-old. His 20-year-old brother had severe kyphoscoliosis, and arachnodactyly of fingers and toes. He was 130 cm tall and was bilaterally blind. His 23-year-old sister had only eye findings but no arachnodactyly or scoliosis. His 60-year-old father had mild scoliosis, blindness and arachnodactyly and mother was normal. We performed routine mutation analyses in the genes FBN1, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2, but no mutation has been detected. Our Turkish patients are most likely affected by a hitherto unrecorded condition which is caused by an autosomal dominant gene defect with variable expression but we can not exclude multigenic inheritance. Further studies are needed to assess the contribution of sex influence to the syndrome because the female relative is less affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dundar
- Erciyes University, Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Genetics, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Abstract
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (Beals syndrome) is an autosomal dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by multiple flexion contractures, arachnodactyly, severe kyphoscoliosis, abnormal pinnae and muscular hypoplasia. It is caused by a mutation in FBN2 gene on chromosome 5q23. Although the clinical features can be similar to Marfan syndrome (MFS), multiple joint contractures (especially elbow, knee and finger joints), and crumpled ears in the absence of significant aortic root dilatation are characteristic of Beals syndrome and rarely found in Marfan syndrome. The incidence of CCA is unknown and its prevalence is difficult to estimate considering the overlap in phenotype with MFS; the number of patients reported has increased following the identification of FBN2 mutation. Molecular prenatal diagnosis is possible. Ultrasound imaging may be used to demonstrate joint contractures and hypokinesia in suspected cases. Management of children with CCA is symptomatic. Spontaneous improvement in camptodactyly and contractures is observed but residual camptodactyly always remains. Early intervention for scoliosis can prevent morbidity later in life. Cardiac evaluation and ophthalmologic evaluations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ergül Tunçbilek
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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