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Genade S, Moolman JA, Lochner A. Opioid receptor stimulation acts as mediator of protection in ischaemic preconditioning. Cardiovasc J S Afr 2001; 12:8-16. [PMID: 11447487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of the opioid receptors in preconditioning-induced protection has recently been described. The aims of this study were to establish whether: (i) opioid receptor stimulation acts as a trigger ( during the preconditioning protocol) or as a mediator ( during sustained ischaemia) of cardioprotection using either morphine or [D-ala(2), D-leu(5)] enkephalin (DADLE), a synthetic delta-opioid receptor agonist; ( ii) the beneficial effects of DADLE are protein kinase C ( PKC) -mediated; and (iii) inhibitory 'cross-talk' occurs between the beta-adrenergic and phosphatidylinositol pathways activated by release of endogenous catecholamines and opioids respectively during sustained ischaemia. The isolated, perfused working rat heart, subjected to 25 minutes' global ischaemia and 30 minutes' reperfusion, was used as the experimental model. The results showed that delta-opioid receptor stimulation with DADLE (10(-8) M), when administered for 3 x 5 minutes, had no effect, while when given 10 minutes before sustained ischaemia the drug significantly improved functional recovery during reperfusion. This indicates that opioid receptor stimulation acts as a mediator rather than a trigger in the protection elicited. Morphine ( 3 x 10(-7)) when administered in the same manner was without effect. Opioid receptor stimulation caused a marked reduction in the beta -adrenergic response to isoproterenol, indicating inhibitory cross-talk between the phosphatidyl-inositol and beta-adrenergic signal transduction pathways. However, reduction of the beta-adrenergic response to ischaemia does not appear to be the mechanism of opioid-induced protection, as indicated by 3',5' -cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels at the end of 25 minutes' global ischaemia. Opioid receptor-mediated protection against ischaemic damage is PKC-dependent, since DADLE-induced protection could be abolished by the inhibitor chelerythrine.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage
- Alkaloids
- Animals
- Bacterial Proteins/drug effects
- Benzophenanthridines
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/administration & dosage
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/agonists
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Heart/drug effects
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Hemolysin Proteins
- Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial
- Isoproterenol/administration & dosage
- Male
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Morphine/agonists
- Naloxone/administration & dosage
- Naloxone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Narcotic Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Phenanthridines/administration & dosage
- Phenanthridines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/drug effects
- Protein Kinase C/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Opioid/agonists
- Recovery of Function/drug effects
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Reperfusion/methods
- Stimulation, Chemical
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Affiliation(s)
- S Genade
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch and Medical Research Council Experimental Biology Programme, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
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2
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Wu G, Lu ZH, Ledeen RW. Interaction of the delta-opioid receptor with GM1 ganglioside: conversion from inhibitory to excitatory mode. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1997; 44:341-6. [PMID: 9073176 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(96)00281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown GM1 ganglioside to play a crucial role in regulating excitatory opioid receptor function, which may underlie some aspects of opioid dependence, tolerance, and supersensitivity. To study the mechanism of this receptor modulation we have employed CHO cells containing a single, transfected opioid receptor of the delta-type. When forskolin was employed to elevate cAMP the reduction affected by 10 microM DADLE was counteracted by preincubation of the cells with GM1. No effect was observed with GD1a, GD1b, GT1b GM3, or the GM1 derivative, GM1-OH. In pertussis toxin-treated cells 10 nM DADLE increased basal levels of cAMP after preincubation with as little as 10 nM GM1. The results suggest conformational alteration of the opioid receptor from a form coupled primarily to G(i)/G(o) to one also capable of interacting with G(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wu
- Dept. of Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, UMDNJ, Newark 07103, USA
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3
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Rossi GC, Standifer KM, Pasternak GW. Differential blockade of morphine and morphine-6 beta-glucuronide analgesia by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against MOR-1 and G-protein alpha subunits in rats. Neurosci Lett 1995; 198:99-102. [PMID: 8592651 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide directed against the 5'-untranslated region of MOR-1 blocks the analgesic actions of the mu 1 analgesics morphine and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) when they are microinjected into the periaqueductal gray. In contrast, morphine-6 beta-glucuronide (M6G) analgesia is unaffected by this treatment. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against distinct Gi alpha subunits also distinguish between morphine and M6G analgesia. A probe targeting Gi alpha 2 blocks morphine analgesia, as previously reported, but is inactive against M6G analgesia. Conversely, an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against Gi alpha 1 inhibits M6G analgesia without affecting morphine analgesia. The antisense oligodeoxynucleotide directed against G(o)alpha is ineffective against both compounds. These results confirm the prior association of Gi alpha 2 with morphine analgesia and strongly suggests that M6G acts through a different opioid receptor, as revealed by its insensitivity towards the MOR-1 antisense probe and differential sensitivity towards G-protein alpha subunit antisense oligodeoxynucleotides.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/pharmacology
- Enkephalins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enkephalins/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Proteins/drug effects
- GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Male
- Microinjections
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Morphine Derivatives/antagonists & inhibitors
- Morphine Derivatives/pharmacology
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Periaqueductal Gray/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Rossi
- George Cotzias Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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4
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Boddeke HW, Meigel I, Swoboda R, Boeijinga PH. The amyloid precursor protein fragment His 657-Lys 676 inhibits noradrenaline- and enkephaline-induced suppression of voltage sensitive calcium currents in NG108-15 hybrid cells. Neuroscience 1994; 62:631-4. [PMID: 7870293 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)90463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of the C-terminal amyloid precursor protein fragment His 657-Lys 676 upon calcium currents in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells. The amyloid precursor protein fragment His 657-Lys 676 (1-10 microM) did not affect calcium currents per se, but clearly blocked the calcium current suppression mediated by both adrenergic alpha 2B- and opioid delta receptors in a concentration-dependent manner. The reverse amyloid precursor protein fragment Lys 676-His 657 and the shorter amyloid precursor protein fragment Gly 659-Lys 676 did not affect calcium current suppression by adrenergic alpha 2B- and opioid delta receptors. The similar interaction of C-terminal amyloid precursor protein with adrenergic alpha 2B- and opioid delta receptors suggest that the effect occurs downstream of the receptor, possibly via the GTP binding protein Go.
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5
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Garzón J, Castro MA, Juarros JL, Sánchez-Blázquez P. Antibodies raised against the N-terminal sequence of delta opioid receptors blocked delta-mediated supraspinal antinociception in mice. Life Sci 1994; 54:PL191-6. [PMID: 8107515 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)90167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A polyclonal antiserum directed against the first 16 amino acids of the N-terminal sequence of the murine delta opioid receptor was raised in rabbits. The intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection to mice of the anti delta receptor IgGs impaired the antinociception produced by DPDPE, [D-Ala2]-Deltorphin II, DADLE and beta-endorphin-(1-31) when studied 24 h later in the tail-flick test. Antinociception produced by morphine and DAMGO was fully expressed in mice undergoing this treatment. The selective delta antagonist ICI 174864 (0.8 nmols/mouse, i.c.v.) significantly reduced the antinociceptive activity of opioids to the extent observed after giving the antibodies. ICI 174864 did not decrease further the antinociception that remained after the anti delta receptor serum. The specific binding displayed by 3 nM [3H]-DPDPE was reduced in membranes pre-incubated with the antiserum, whereas no change could be detected for 0.6 nM [3H]-DAMGO labelling mu receptors. This experimental approach revealed the delta component of opioid-evoked supraspinal antinociception in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalin, Leucine/analogs & derivatives
- Enkephalin, Leucine/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enkephalins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enkephalins/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Morphine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pain/physiopathology
- Pain Measurement
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Reaction Time
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/analysis
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/drug effects
- beta-Endorphin/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- J Garzón
- Instituto Cajal, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain
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6
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine what effects leucine-enkephalin and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin have on both the background and naturally evoked activity of thalamic nucleus submedius neurons responsive to mechanical cutaneous stimulation. Thirty-five neurons in the nucleus submedius were fully characterized during single-unit extracellular recordings as nociceptive, low-threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) or unresponsive. Micropressure was used to apply the opioids. Eighteen neurons were inhibited; 13 of these were nociceptive and one was LTM. Six units were activated; two of these were nociceptive and three were LTM. The remaining 11 units were unaffected. Opioid responses were tested for antagonism by naloxone in 12 neurons; eight of these responses were antagonized by naloxone. Statistical analyses indicated that the effects of enkephalins on nociceptive neurons were selective for neuronal modality. The opioids also altered the response of some nociceptive neurons to receptive field stimulation. The presence of nociceptive neurons in the nucleus submedius that are selectively inhibited by opioids provides additional support for the involvement of submedius neurons in nociception. The results of this study suggest that this involvement is more than merely transmission of nociceptive input, since the opioids may be selectively modulating the type of information that is transmitted to the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coffield
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706
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7
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Larson DL, Hua M, Takemori AE, Portoghese PS. Possible contribution of a glutathione conjugate to the long-duration action of beta-funaltrexamine. J Med Chem 1993; 36:3669-73. [PMID: 8246236 DOI: 10.1021/jm00075a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The fumaramate derivative of naltrexone, beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA), is a highly selective long-lasting mu opioid receptor antagonist that is active both in vitro and in vivo, presumably as a result of covalent binding to a mu receptor-based sulfhydryl group. Glutathione, which occurs in significant levels in brain and liver, was found to undergo a Michael-type reaction with beta-FNA in the test tube to give a stable conjugate 3 which occurred as an isomeric mixture. When tested in the GPI and MVD smooth muscle preparations, 3 was found to possess one-tenth the agonist activity of beta-FNA is both tissues, but showed no irreversible antagonist activity. The same result was found for the cysteine conjugate 4, except for some irreversible antagonism in the MVD. Both conjugates antagonize the antinociceptive effect of morphine in the mouse radiant heat tail-flick assay on icv administration. This antagonism persisted and actually increased over 24 h and generally paralleled the duration profile of beta-FNA. On sc administration, beta-FNA and 3 showed similar duration of antagonistic effect, while 4 exhibited only marginal activity at the early time interval. When the compounds are compared by the dose to produce equivalent antagonism, beta-FNA and 3 appeared equally effective and accessible by either route, whereas 4 showed a large difference between the two routes. It is possible that the ultra-long antagonism of the conjugates may result from their enzymatic conversion to beta-FNA in the central nervous system in view of the fact that conjugate 5, which cannot be converted to beta-FNA, did not produce antagonism of long duration in vivo. Alternatively, the protracted antagonism could arise from sequestration of 3 and 4 in tissue compartments that interface with mu opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Larson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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8
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Andrianov GN, Akoev GN, Braun HA, Ryzhova IV, Voigt KH, Sherman NO. Actions of dalargin upon single unit activity in the ampullae of Lorenzini of the skate Raja clavata. Neuroreport 1993; 4:53-4. [PMID: 8384018 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199301000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we have shown by single afferent unit recording in electroreceptors of skates (the ampullae of Lorenzini) that the synthetic analogue of leu-enkephalin, dalargin (DAL) at concentrations between 10(-6)-10(-10) M cause a concentration-dependent decrease in the resting discharge frequency as well as a decrease in stimulus evoked responses. The specific opiate antagonist naloxone (NAL, 10(-6) M) antagonizes responses induced by DAL. DAL depresses the excitatory action of L-glutamate (L-GLU). The data obtained speak in favour of the presence of opiate receptors at the synaptic membrane of the ampullae of Lorenzini.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Andrianov
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg
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9
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Arjune D, Bowen WD, Bodnar RJ. Ingestive behavior following central [D-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6]-enkephalin (DALCE), a short-acting agonist and long-acting antagonist at the delta opioid receptor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1991; 39:429-36. [PMID: 1658817 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(91)90203-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
DALCE (1-40 micrograms, ICV), a short-acting agonist and long-acting antagonist at the delta opioid receptor, was examined for its effects upon food intake in rats under spontaneous, deprivation, glucoprivic and palatable conditions. DALCE (10 micrograms) significantly stimulated free feeding for up to 10 h but only minimally decreased (40 micrograms) food intake and body weight after 24-72 h. DALCE, administered prior to food deprivation (24 h), failed to affect subsequent 24-h intake and sporadically decreased intake and body weight change after 48-72 h. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (650 mg/kg, IP) hyperphagia was transiently (2 h) decreased by long-term DALCE (10 micrograms) pretreatment. Hyperphagia following exposure to a high-fat diet was significantly potentiated by long-term DALCE (1 microgram) pretreatment. DALCE (10 micrograms) hyperphagia (2-10 h) was eliminated by central pretreatment with either naltrexone (20 micrograms) or the kappa antagonist, nor-binaltorphamine (20 micrograms) but was minimally affected by central pretreatment with the mu antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine (20 micrograms) or long-term DALCE (40 micrograms). The general inability of the antagonist actions of DALCE to alter these forms of feeding argues against a role for the delta opioid receptor in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Arjune
- Department of Psychology, Neuro-Psychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College City University of New York, Flushing 11367
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10
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Mei L, Han JS. [Cholecystokinin-octapeptide antagonizes the central depressive effect of opioid peptides in rats]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 1991; 43:156-63. [PMID: 2068585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) has been shown to antagonize the analgesia produced by opioid peptides. The present study was performed to evaluate its effect on cardiovascular regulatory functions of opioids. Both CCK-8 and opioid peptides were injected intrathecally (ith) in pentobarbital anaesthetized rats. The depressive effects induced by the mu agonist PL017 (5 micrograms), delta agonist DADLE (25 micrograms) and kappa agonist 66A-078 (1 microgram) were antagonized by CCK-8 within a dosage of 10 micrograms in a dose dependent manner. CCK-8 can also partly antagonize the bradycardiac effects induced by PL017, DADLE and 66A-078. The antagonistic effect of CCK-8 on DADLE in MAP could be reversed by pretreatment with CCK receptor antagonist proglumide (100 micrograms). No significant changes in MAP were found following ith administration of CCK-8 0.5-10 micrograms and proglumide 100 micrograms, but a large dose (50 micrograms) of CCK-8 lowered MAP dramatically. The results suggest that within a certain range of dose CCK-8 in spinal cord may play an antagonistic role against opioid effects in the regulation of cardiovascular function and this effect of CCK-8 seems to be mediated by CCK receptor. These results support the hypothesis that CCK-8 may act as an anti-opioid substance in the CNS of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mei
- Department of Physiology, Beijing Medical University
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11
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Abstract
Intracellular recordings were made from neurons of the dorsomotor vagal nucleus (DMV) in slices of rat medulla oblongata. [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE), applied by perfusion (0.01-3 microM) or droplets, dose-dependently hyperpolarized 85% of the DMV neurons tested. The hyperpolarization, associated with a decrease in membrane resistance, persisted after elimination of synaptic activity by perfusion with Ca2(+)-free/high-Mg2+ solution or with 1 microM TTX solution. The opioid antagonist, naloxone, reversibly inhibited DADLE-induced hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarization depended on extracellular K+ concentration and reversed at about -90 mV. DADLE also decreased Ca2(+)-dependent spike duration and after-hyperpolarization (AHP). DAGO (a selective mu-receptor agonist), but not DPLPE (a selective delta-receptor agonist), mimicked DADLE's effects on membrane potential, Ca2(+)-dependent spike duration, and AHP. It is concluded that DADLE, through postsynaptic mu-type opioid receptors, hyperpolarized DMV neurons by increasing K+ conductance, which may have an inhibitory effect on DMV output. DADLE-induced decrease of spike duration and AHP was also mediated by mu-receptors and could have additional effects on functions of the DMV neuron by virtue of reduction in Ca2+ entry.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Animals
- Calcium/physiology
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/pharmacology
- Enkephalins/pharmacology
- Medulla Oblongata/cytology
- Medulla Oblongata/drug effects
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Potassium/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, delta
- Receptors, Opioid, mu
- Vagus Nerve/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Duan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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12
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Motin VG. [Action of colchicine on analgetic effects of morphine and DADLE in rats]. Biull Eksp Biol Med 1990; 110:168-70. [PMID: 2291965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular injection of morphine and DADL significantly increased the tail-flick latency in the rat (full analgesia during 1.5-2.5 hours). Previous i. c. v. (lateral ventriculus) injection of colchicine prevented the analgetic effects of these drugs during 5 +/- 1 weeks with subsequent recovery.
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