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Cruz-Navarro N, León-Dueñas E. [Fundamentals and principles of grafts and flaps]. ARCH ESP UROL 2014; 67:17-28. [PMID: 24531668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructive surgery of large urethral stenosis and the management of congenital anomalies such as hypospadias and epispadias require covering large cutaneous and mucosal defects with different techniques. The objective of this work is to define the main differences between tissues to be transferred and to study the principles that must govern the management of the various flaps and grafts used for these techniques. We analyze the anatomical and physiological features that may be key to understand the success and possible failures of these procedures, and we review technical details that must accompany in every case, not only during the operation, but also during the preoperative and postoperative period. We conclude stating that grafts (mainly oral and preputial mucosa) and flaps are increasingly used for the repair of urethral stenosis. Grafts must be prepared adequately in the back table and thinned to the maximum, and also be fixed properly, to guarantee their immobility until neovascularization is assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalio Cruz-Navarro
- Unidad de Andrología y de Cirugia Reconstructiva Uretro-Genital. Unidad de Gestión Clinica de Urologia y Nefrologia. Hospital Virgen del Rocio. Sevilla.Spain
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Etich J, Bergmeier V, Frie C, Kreft S, Bengestrate L, Eming S, Mauch C, Eckes B, Ulus H, Lund FE, Rappl G, Abken H, Paulsson M, Brachvogel B. PECAM1(+)/Sca1(+)/CD38(+) vascular cells transform into myofibroblast-like cells in skin wound repair. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53262. [PMID: 23308177 PMCID: PMC3537615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin injury induces the formation of new blood vessels by activating the vasculature in order to restore tissue homeostasis. Vascular cells may also differentiate into matrix-secreting contractile myofibroblasts to promote wound closure. Here, we characterize a PECAM1+/Sca1+ vascular cell population in mouse skin, which is highly enriched in wounds at the peak of neoangiogenesis and myofibroblast formation. These cells express endothelial and perivascular markers and present the receptor CD38 on their surface. PECAM1+/Sca1+/CD38+ cells proliferate upon wounding and could give rise to α-SMA+ myofibroblast-like cells. CD38 stimulation in immunodeficient mice reduced the wound size at the peak of neoangiogenesis and myofibroblast formation. In humans a corresponding cell population was identified, which was enriched in sprouting vessels of basal cell carcinoma biopsies. The results indicate that PECAM1+/Sca1+/CD38+ vascular cells could proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblast-like cells in wound repair. Moreover, CD38 signaling modulates PECAM1+/Sca1+/CD38+ cell activation in the healing process implying CD38 as a target for anti-angiogenic therapies in human basal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Etich
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Vera Bergmeier
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Christian Frie
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sandra Kreft
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Lena Bengestrate
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Sabine Eming
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Hikmet Ulus
- Clinic for Paediatric Surgery, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Gunter Rappl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Tumorgenetics, Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Tumorgenetics, Department I of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging - Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- * E-mail:
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