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Chen YL, Lai YH, Huang EYK, Wang HJ, Hung HY. Nalbuphine-6-glucuronide is a potent analgesic with superior safety profiles by altering binding affinity and selectivity for mu-/kappa-opioid receptors. Life Sci 2024; 340:122441. [PMID: 38253309 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Although nalbuphine, a semi-synthetic analgesic compound, is less potent than morphine in terms of alleviating severe pain, our recent findings have revealed that nalbuphine-6-glucuronide (N6G), one of the glucuronide metabolites of nalbuphine, promotes a significantly more robust analgesic effect than its parent drug. Nevertheless, despite these promising observations, the precise mechanisms underlying the analgesic effects of nalbuphine glucuronides have yet to be determined. In this study, we aim to elucidate the mechanisms associated with the analgesic effects of nalbuphine glucuronides. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between the central and peripheral compartments of nalbuphine and its derivatives. The analgesic responses of these compounds were evaluated based on multiple behavioral tests involving thermal and mechanical stimuli. Radioligand binding assays were also performed to determine the binding affinity and selectivity of these compounds for different opioid receptors. The results of these tests consistently confirmed that the heightened analgesic effects of N6G are mediated through its enhanced binding affinity for both mu- and kappa-opioid receptors, even comparable to those of morphine. Notably, N6G exhibited fewer side effects and did not induce sudden death, thereby highlighting its superior safety profile. Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies indicated that N6G could cross the blood-brain barrier when administered peripherally, offering pain relief. Overall, N6G provides great analgesic efficacy and enhanced safety. These findings highlight the potential value of nalbuphine glucuronides, particularly N6G, as promising candidates for the development of novel analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Hsun Lai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Eagle Yi-Kung Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jaan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Hao-Yuan Hung
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Shimizu H, Nishimura Y, Shiide Y, Akimoto M, Yashiro M, Ueda M, Hirai M, Yoshino H, Mizutani T, Kanai K, Kano O, Kimura H, Sekino H, Ito K. Pharmacokinetics of Edaravone Oral Suspension in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1251-1258. [PMID: 37953075 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Edaravone is a neuroprotective agent approved as an intravenous treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The intravenous administration of edaravone places a burden on patients and there is a clinical need for oral agents for the treatment of ALS. This report aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics and safety of an edaravone oral suspension in patients with ALS after oral and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube administration. METHODS Two single-dose, open-label phase 1 clinical studies were conducted. Edaravone oral suspension (105 mg of edaravone in 5 mL aqueous suspension) was administered orally and via PEG tube to 9 and 6 Japanese patients with ALS, respectively. Plasma and urinary pharmacokinetics of unchanged edaravone and its metabolites (sulfate and glucuronide conjugates) were determined. Safety was also evaluated. FINDINGS After reaching maximum plasma concentration, the mean plasma concentration-time of unchanged edaravone showed a triphasic elimination. Mean plasma concentration-time profiles of the metabolites were higher than those of unchanged edaravone. The mean urinary excretion ratios were higher for the glucuronide conjugate than for either unchanged edaravone or the sulfate conjugate. In patients administered edaravone orally, a single adverse event occurred (blood urine present), which was mild and improved without medical intervention. No adverse drug reactions or serious adverse events were reported. In patients administered edaravone via PEG tube, 5 treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 3 patients; none were related to the study drug. No adverse drug reactions were reported. IMPLICATIONS In patients with ALS, a single dose of edaravone oral suspension was well absorbed and mainly eliminated in urine as the glucuronide conjugate. No safety concerns emerged. Pharmacokinetics were similar to those previously reported in healthy participants following oral administration. This indicates that effective drug concentrations were achieved and edaravone can be successfully administered both orally and via a PEG tube in patients with ALS. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04176224 (oral administration) and NCT04254913 (PEG tube administration), www. CLINICALTRIALS gov.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Youichi Shiide
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Akimoto
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Yashiro
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueda
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Hirai
- Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuaki Kanai
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Osamu Kano
- Department of Neurology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kimura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisakuni Sekino
- Sekino Clinical Pharmacology Clinic, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimiko Ito
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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Abe T, Horisawa Y, Kikuchi O, Ozawa-Umeta H, Kishimoto A, Katsuura Y, Imaizumi A, Hashimoto T, Shirakawa K, Takaori-Kondo A, Yusa K, Asakura T, Kakeya H, Kanai M. Pharmacologic characterization of TBP1901, a prodrug form of aglycone curcumin, and CRISPR-Cas9 screen for therapeutic targets of aglycone curcumin. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175321. [PMID: 36228744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (aglycone curcumin) has antitumor properties in a variety of malignancies via the alteration of multiple cancer-related biological pathways; however, its clinical application has been hampered due to its poor bioavailability. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a synthesized curcumin β-D-glucuronide sodium salt (TBP1901), a prodrug form of aglycone curcumin. In this study, we aimed to clarify the pharmacologic characteristics of TBP1901. In β-glucuronidase (GUSB)-proficient mice, both curcumin β-D-glucuronide and its active metabolite, aglycone curcumin, were detected in the blood after TBP1901 injection, whereas only curcumin β-D-glucuronide was detected in GUSB-impaired mice, suggesting that GUSB plays a pivotal role in the conversion of TBP1901 into aglycone curcumin in vivo. TBP1901 itself had minimal antitumor effects in vitro, whereas it demonstrated significant antitumor effects in vivo. Genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 screen disclosed the genes associated with NF-κB signaling pathway and mitochondria were among the highest hit. In vitro, aglycone curcumin inhibited NF-kappa B signaling pathways whereas it caused production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, partially reversed antitumor effects of aglycone curcumin. In summary, TBP1901 can exert antitumor effects as a prodrug of aglycone curcumin through GUSB-dependent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihito Horisawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Kikuchi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yusa
- Stem Cell Genetics, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Asakura
- Radioisotope Research Facilities, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kakeya
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Division of Medicinal Frontier Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kanai
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Walesiuk A, Nazaruk J, Braszko JJ. Pro-cognitive effects of Cirsium rivulare extracts in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 129:261-266. [PMID: 20363311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. (Asteraceae) is a herbaceous perennial plant occurring in Central Europe. It has been traditionally used in Polish folk medicine to treat anxiety. In the present study methanolic extracts from flowers and leaves of Cirsium rivulare containing flavonoid compounds linarin, pectolinarin, apigenin, hispidulin, their glycosides and a newly isolated compound isokaemferide 7-O-(6''-methylglucuronide) were studied for anxiolytic and pro-cognitive properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (150-160 g) were used. They were treated orally with standardized methanol extracts of flowers and leaves of Cirsium rivulare and subsequently tested for memory in passive avoidance (PA) and object recognition (OR) tests. Auxiliary tests for motor (open field, OF) and emotional (elevated 'plus' maze, EPM) effects of the above treatments were also employed. RESULTS We found that the extract from flowers of Cirsium rivulare, in addition to its anxiolytic effects as measured in the EPM, improves memory of the appetitively (by curiosity, OR) and aversively (by footshook, PA) motivated tasks. This is in contrast to classical anxiolytics as for example benzodiazepines that typically impair memory. The extract from leaves of Cirsium rivulare showed some anxiolytic properties in the EPM, and no effect in both cognitive tests. The examined extracts of Cirsium rivulare did not affect psychomotor exploratory activity of rats tested in the OF. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the flavonoids from Cirsium rivulare possess anxiolytic and pro-cognitive effects, the extract from flowers being more pro-cognitive and that from the leaves more anxiolytic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walesiuk
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Baczkowska T, Sadowska A, Perkowska-Ptasinska A, Lewandowski Z, Cieciura T, Pazik J, Wazna E, Kozinska OP, Nowacka Cieciura E, Chmura A, Durlik M. Optimal mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid glucuronide levels at the early period after kidney transplantation are the key contributors to improving long-term outcomes. Transplant Proc 2010; 41:3019-23. [PMID: 19857666 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suboptimal mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its metabolite MPA glucuronide (MPAG) levels are associated with significant increased incidences of graft loss. This study assessed the influence of MPA and MPAG C(0) levels on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values and histopathologic changes in protocol biopsies of kidney allograft recipients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study of 42 low-risk patients receiving mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, and a low or normal cyclosporine dose included histological assessment, according to the Banff'97 classification, of protocol biopsies before and at 3, 12, and 36 months after transplantation, as well as GFR at 1, 3, 12, 36, and 60 months and MPA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, MPAG (HPLC/UV) C(0) levels at 7 days as well as at 1, 3, 12, and 36 months. RESULTS We observed nonlinear, significant correlations between MPA, MPAG C(0) levels and subclinical rejection episodes (SCR) according to chronic interstitial changes (ci), chronic tubulitis (ct), arteriolar hyalinization (ah) and chronic allograph nephropathy (CAN) indices in protocol biopsies. MPA C(0) levels below 1.0 to 1.5 microg/mL at day 7 were associated with an increased risk of SCR (P < .03), ci > or = 2 (P < .05), CAN > or = 2 (P < .04), and ah > or = 2 (P < .07). MPAG C(0) levels above 100 to 150 microg/mL at day 7 were associated with a decreased risk of ct > or = 2 (P < .01), ci > or = 2 (P < .04), or CAN > or = 2 (P < .04). We also observed a significant linear positive correlation between MPA C(0) level and a significant negative correlation between MPAG C(0) level at 1 month with GFR. CONCLUSION Optimal MPA and MPAG exposure in the early posttransplant period may improve renal graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baczkowska
- Department of Transplantation Medicine and Nephrology, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
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González-Roncero FM, Govantes MAG, Chaves VC, Palomo PP, Serra MB. Influence of Renal Insufficiency on Pharmacokinetics of ACYL-Glucuronide Metabolite of Mycophenolic Acid in Renal Transplant Patients. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:2176-8. [PMID: 17889129 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2007.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The acyl glucuronide of mycophenolic acid (AcMPAG) is a metabolite with in vitro immunosuppressive activity. The chemical properties of acyl glucuronides have been associated with the toxicity of some drugs. The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of AcMPAG. Areas under the 12-hour curve (AUC(0-12h)) of MPA, glucuronide of MPA (MPAG), and AcMPAG were determined by high performance liquid chromatography performed in 20 renal transplantation patients under treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), cyclosporine, and steroids. They were divided between a group with preserved renal function (group I, mean creatinine clearance [Clcr] of 105 +/- 7 mL/min) and one with advanced renal insufficiency (group II, mean Clcr of 27 +/- 5 mL/min). There was no difference in MMF dose or MPA-AUC(0-12h) values between groups. Mean predose levels of AcMPAG-C0 and AcMPAG-AUC(0-12h) were much higher in group II than in group I (0.5 +/- 2 vs 1.6 +/- 1 microg/mL and 12 +/- 2 vs. 32 +/- 19 microg*h/mL respectively, P < .005). The present data suggested that AcMPAG, a metabolite with immunosuppressive activity that may be related to toxic effects of MPA, is renally eliminated. Its levels can significantly rise in patients with renal insufficiency. Although further studies with more patients are required to determine the role of AcMPAG in MPA toxicity, we believe that this accumulation may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M González-Roncero
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain.
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Masi G, Falcone A, Di Paolo A, Allegrini G, Danesi R, Barbara C, Cupini S, Del Tacca M. A Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Irinotecan Given as a 7-Day Continuous Infusion in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Pretreated with 5-Fluorouracil or Raltitrexed. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:1657-63. [PMID: 15014016 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-1585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose is to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics, the maximum-tolerable dose and to preliminary evaluate the antitumor activity of irinotecan administered as a 7-day continuous infusion every 21 days in metastatic colorectal cancer patients pretreated with 5-fluorouracil or raltitrexed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 13 patients entered the study. Three received irinotecan at 20 mg/m(2)/day (dose level I), 6 at 25 mg/m(2)/day (dose level II), and 4 at 22.5 mg/m(2)/day (dose level III). In 8 patients, plasma levels of irinotecan and its metabolites SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38glu) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and main pharmacokinetic parameters, including steady-state concentration, area under the time-concentration curve, and clearance, were calculated and normalized to the dose level of 22.5 mg/m(2)/day. RESULTS Dose-limiting toxicity was grade 3-4 diarrhea, which occurred in 4 of 6 patients at dose level II and in 2 of 4 patients at dose level III. Therefore, we defined 22.5 mg/m(2)/day the maximum-tolerable dose and 20.0 mg/m(2)/day the recommended dose for Phase II studies. Hematological toxicity was rare. The pharmacokinetic data provided evidence that continuous infusion increased the metabolism of irinotecan to SN-38 with respect to standard 30/90-min administration. Indeed, the steady-state concentration of irinotecan, SN-38, and SN-38glu were 42.7 +/- 25.2, 14.9 +/- 1.9, and 31.7 +/- 3.5 nmol/liter, respectively, and the area under the time-concentration curves of irinotecan, SN-38, and SN-38glu were 6.94 +/- 0.41, 1.92 +/- 0.30, and 4.23 +/- 0.52 hx micro mol/liter, respectively. Twelve patients were evaluable for activity, and we observed 3 (25%) partial responses, 2 (17%) minor responses, and 4 (33%) disease stabilizations. CONCLUSIONS The administration of irinotecan as a 7-day continuous infusion every 21 days is feasible with diarrhea being the dose-limiting toxicity; recommended dose for Phase II studies is 20.0 mg/m(2)/day. The comparison of the present data with those obtained after a standard 30-90 min. i.v. infusion of irinotecan demonstrates that continuous infusion improves the transformation of irinotecan to SN-38 and also results in increased glucuronidation of the active metabolite. Antitumor activity in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients is encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Masi
- Department of Oncology, Civil Hospital, Livorno, Italy.
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Abstract
A new flavonoid glucuronide, apigenin 7-O-beta-D-(4'-caffeoyl)glucuronide (1), and the known compound, apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucurnoide, were isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium, along with five known flavonoids. The structure of 1 was elucidated by the aid of spectroscopic analyses. Among isolated compounds, apigenin 7-O-beta-D-(4"-caffeoyl)glucuronide showed strong HIV-1 integrase inhibitory activity (IC (50) = 7.2 +/- 3.4 microg/ml) and anti-HIV activity in a cell culture assay (EC (50) = 41.86 +/- 1.43 microg/ml) using HIV-I (IIIB) infected MT-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea
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Abstract
Glucuronide prodrugs have shown promising efficacy in anti-cancer therapy due to their increased specificity and reduced systemic toxicity. The prodrugs can be used in prodrug monotherapy (PMT), which is based on elevated tumor beta-glucuronidase activity. beta-Glucuronidase activates the low-toxic prodrugs into highly cytotoxic agents specifically in the tumor site. The specificity of the prodrugs can be further improved by combined use with monoclonal antibodies against tumor-specific antigens, namely antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT); and the potency of the prodrugs can be greatly enhanced with the incorporation of an appropriate radionuclide in the combined chemo- and radio-therapy of cancer (CCRTC) strategy. The prodrugs can also be utilized to modify liposomes for efficient delivery of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Prijovich ZM, Chen BM, Leu YL, Chern JW, Roffler SR. Anti-tumour activity and toxicity of the new prodrug 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide (9ACG) in mice. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:1634-8. [PMID: 12085215 PMCID: PMC2746585 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2001] [Revised: 03/18/2002] [Accepted: 03/21/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer chemotherapy is limited by the modest therapeutic index of most antineoplastic drugs. Some glucuronide prodrugs may display selective anti-tumour activity against tumours that accumulate beta-glucuronidase. We examined the toxicity and anti-tumour activity of 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide, a new glucuronide prodrug of 9-aminocamptothecin, to evaluate its potential clinical utility. 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide was 25-60 times less toxic than 9-aminocamptothecin to five human cancer cell lines. Beta-glucuronidase activated 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide to produce similar cell killing as 9-aminocamptothecin or topotecan. The in vivo toxicity of 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide in BALB/c mice was dose-, route-, sex- and age-dependent. 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide was significantly less toxic to female than to male mice but the difference decreased with age. 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide and 9-aminocamptothecin produced similar inhibition (approximately 80%) of LS174T human colorectal carcinoma tumours. 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide cured a high percentage of CL1-5 human lung cancer xenografts with efficacy that was similar to or greater than 9-aminocamptothecin, irinotecan and topotecan. The potent anti-tumour activity of 9-aminocamptothecin glucuronide suggests that this prodrug should be further evaluated for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Prijovich
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, and ICTM, Center for Chemistry, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
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Abstract
Nowadays, the scientists from different disciplines have focused their attentions to new anticancer drug design for cancer chemotherapy. An effective anticancer drug should ensure the selective drug incorporation into the targeted tumor cells without principally incorporation into the normal cells. So, the targeted tumor cells can selectively be damaged by the cytotoxic effectiveness of the drug. The basic principles of drug design have involved "prodrug" concept, which means a chemical agent which is not itself active as an anticancer drug, but it can be transformed to an active form after its administration. Prodrugs can finally be activated onto the tumor cells by some kind of enzymes. In this context, the activation of glucuronide prodrugs by b-glucuronidase have a large potential applications in cancer chemotherapy. On the other hand, combined chemo- and radio-therapy of cancer (CCRTC) concept aims to combine the cytotoxicity of an aglycone with the radiotoxicity of an appropriate radionuclide on the same prodrug. So, the cytotoxic and radiotoxic effectiveness' will be able to be concentrated into the same tumor cell to increase obviously its damage. For experimental realization of this concept an effective anticancer prodrug should be radiolabeled with a radionuclide having high level of radiotoxic effectiveness such as Auger and/or alpha-emitter radionuclides. Iodine-125 and astatine-211 are very interesting radionuclides as being effective Auger and/or alpha-emitters. Briefly, the glucuronide prodrugs radiolabeled with iodine-125 or astatine-211 promise to be designed very effective anticancer agents in the future applications of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Unak
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
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Paradis R, Page M. New active paclitaxel glucuronide derivative with improved water solubility. Int J Oncol 1998; 12:391-4. [PMID: 9459663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor solubility of paclitaxel constitutes an important limitation to its administration to cancer patients. In order to increase solubility, while preserving cytotoxicity, a new paclitaxel derivative substituted at the 2' position of the side chain was prepared. The first step consisted in the introduction of a glutaryl group at the 2' position by esterification of the free hydroxyl followed by an amidation with 6-amino hexanol previously attached to a glucuronide group. The new water soluble derivative was cytotoxic in vitro against an ovarian teratocarcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paradis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
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