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Cole R, Taintor J, Hanson R. Atlanto-axial malformation in an adult Quarter horse gelding. Can Vet J 2017; 58:923-925. [PMID: 28878414 PMCID: PMC5556490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An adult gelding was evaluated for bilateral intermittent forelimb lameness of approximately 2 years duration. The horse was found to have grade 2/5 upper motor neuron-general proprioception ataxia with no cranial nerve deficits. During radiographic and gross necropsy examinations a novel atlanto-axial malformation of possible congenital etiology was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Cole
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Robert Cole; e-mail:
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2
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Grijsen FL. [Hypospadias in a Friesian foal. A case report]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2011; 39:113-115. [PMID: 22138773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F L Grijsen
- Tierärztliche Klinik für Pferde und Kleintiere, Heede.
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3
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Couroucé-Malblanc A, Leleu C, Bouchilloux M, Geffroy O. Abnormal radiographic findings in 865 French Standardbred trotters and their relationship to racing performance. Equine Vet J 2010:417-22. [PMID: 17402458 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
REASON FOR PERFORMING STUDY Developmental orthopaedic lesions are commonly found in French Standardbred horses. One of the main questions asked by trainers, owners and veterinarians is what impact these lesions have on the racing career and racing performances of horses. OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence and distribution of developmental orthopaedic lesions in young French Standardbred trotters and to relate them to racing performance. METHODS Feet, fetlock, tarsus and stifle regions were radiographed in 865 two-year-old French Standardbred trotters. Abnormal radiographic findings (ARF) were evaluated for 12 anatomical sites identified in these areas, and a severity index given. Performance criteria were: success in qualification for racing, maximal and mean index of trot (ITR), an annual index calculated on the basis of the logarithm of earnings per starts, total earnings at 5 years, placed races compared to starts and longevity of the racing career. Analysis of variance were calculated to study the relationships between racing performance and the number of ARF or the severity index. RESULTS A total of 363 horses (42.0%) showed ARF. Prevalence of ARF was 18.3% in the plantar aspect of the hind fetlock and 10.6% in the proximal tarsus. Among the total population, 833 horses were considered for performance evaluation, 478 of them were qualified for racing. The number of ARF significantly affected racing longevity. However, the number of ARF did not affect performance categories according to maximal ITR. Concerning distribution of ARF, the number of plantar lesions in the fetlock significantly affected mean ITR. The index of severity did not provide more information for prognosis than the number of ARF. CONCLUSION Longevity is the only criteria affected by ARF. When evaluating different sites, only the plantar fetlock region showed a significant relationship with mean ITR. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Number of ARF and radiographic score (RS) affect mean ITR and longevity but do not affect maximal ITR. A horse with a good racing ability will be a good performer but might have a racing career shortened because of orthopaedic problems in relation to developmental orthopaedic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Couroucé-Malblanc
- UPSP 5304 de Physiopathologie Animale et Pharmacologie fonctionnelle, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Nantes, Atlanpole - La Chantrerie, 44 307 Nantes cedex, France
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4
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Barakzai SZ, Johnson VS, Baird DH, Bladon B, Lane JG. Assessment of the efficacy of composite surgery for the treatment of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in a group of 53 racing Thoroughbreds (1990-1996). Equine Vet J 2010; 36:175-9. [PMID: 15038442 DOI: 10.2746/0425164044868701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There has been no objectively assessed case-control study of the efficacy of surgery to correct dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) previously reported. HYPOTHESIS Composite surgery has a beneficial result on racing performance in horses affected with DDSP as compared to a matched control population. METHODS Race records were obtained for 53 racing Thoroughbreds which underwent composite staphylectomy, sternothyrohyoideus myectomy and ventriculectomy for correction of idiopathic DDSP at the University of Bristol between 1990 and 1996. Each surgical case was matched for age, sex and training yard with 2 control horses. The racing performance, based on prize money won, of surgical cases and control horses were compared for 3 races run before and after the date of surgery. RESULTS Ninety-two percent of the surgical cases returned to racing after surgery. There was a significant increase in earnings of the surgical group before and after surgery (P = 0.011), but there was no significant difference in earnings of the control group before and after the date of surgery (P = 0335). Sixty percent of the surgical group had higher earnings after surgery than before, compared to 40% of controls. When horses which underwent surgery were ranked relative to their 2 matched controls, surgical cases did not significantly change in rank (P = 033), whereas control horses significantly decreased in rank (P = 0.012). Additionally, horses within the surgical group were more likely (P < 0.01) to start in 3 post operative races than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Composite surgery had a beneficial effect on racing performance of horses afflicted with idiopathic DDSP, and further studies to evaluate objectively the usefulness of other surgical techniques are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Barakzai
- Large Animal Hospital, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Abstract
Two American Paint Horses, a 3-year-old nulliparous mare and a 7-year-old primiparous mare, presented for recent infertility and a pre-breeding examination, respectively. Examination of the internal reproductive tract of both mares using transrectal palpation and ultrasonography revealed the presence of the cervix, uterine body, left uterine horn and bilateral ovaries. The right uterine horn could neither be palpated nor imaged. The clinical diagnosis of uterus unicornis in one mare was confirmed at necropsy, which revealed combined aplasia of the right uterine horn and oviduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Brown
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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6
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Hatfield CL, Riley CB. Management of airway difficulties during induction of general anesthesia in an American miniature horse with dwarfism. Can Vet J 2007; 48:188-91. [PMID: 17334034 PMCID: PMC1780238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This report describes previously unreported upper airway abnormalities encountered in a 5-month-old American miniature horse colt presented for elective surgery. Caution should be exercised when administering general anesthesia or heavy sedation to individuals of this breed that present with multiple congenital abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Hatfield
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.
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Valdes-Martinez A, Eades SC, Strickland KN, Roberts ED. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF AN AORTICO-PULMONARY SEPTAL DEFECT IN A 4-DAY-OLD THOROUGHBRED FOAL. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006; 47:87-9. [PMID: 16429991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the echocardiographic findings in a 4-day-old thoroughbred foal with an aortico-pulmonary septal defect. The foal had labored breathing, cyanotic mucous membranes and a continuous grade 5/6 heart murmur with point of maximal intensity over the base of the heart on the right side. Echocardiographically, there was a large communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery just dorsal to the base of the heart. The cardiac anomaly seen during the echocardiographic exam was confirmed at necropsy where a large communication between the two great vessels was observed. These findings correlate with previous studies in humans, dogs, and cats. The possible failure in the embryologic development that led to this unusual cardiac anomaly is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Valdes-Martinez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Koch
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Witte S, Thorpe PE, Hunt RJ, Spirito MA, Rodgerson DH. A lag-screw technique for bridging of the medial aspect of the distal tibial physis in horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 225:1581-3, 1548. [PMID: 15568393 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A lag-screw technique for transphyseal bridging of the medial aspect of the distal tibial physis in foals with tarsal valgus deformities and results of the technique in 11 foals (6 with bilateral tarsal valgus deformities and 5 with unilateral tarsal valgus deformities) are described. Briefly, horses were anesthetized, and a single stab incision was made through the skin to the underlying bone over the most distal aspect of the medial malleolus. A 20-gauge needle was placed in the incision to guide screw placement, and a lag screw was inserted parallel to the medial cortex of the tibia under radiographic guidance. Screws were removed when the tarsal valgus deformity was clinically assessed to have improved by at least 80%. Clinically, all horses had evidence of a tarsal valgus deformity of > 7 degrees prior to surgery. Mean age at the time of lag-screw implanation was 220 days (range, 116 to 364 days). Mean time the implant was in place was 62 days (range, 39 to 89 days). The tarsal valgus deformity resolved in all 11 horses with excellent cosmetic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Witte
- Hagyard-Davidson-McGee Associates PLLC, 4250 Iron Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511-8412, USA
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Puchol JL, Herrán R, Durall I, López J, Díaz-Bertrana C. Use of distraction osteogenesis for the correction of deviated nasal septum and premaxilla in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:1147-50, 1112. [PMID: 15074863 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 13-month-old female Andalusian was evaluated because of a congenital left deviation of the maxilla and nasal septum, which had resulted in a gross malocclusion of the maxillary incisor teeth. Surgical correction of a deviated nasal septum and premaxilla in a horse was first reported in 1978 and involved a pre-maxilla osteotomy and use of an autogenous rib graft, with a nasal septum osteotomy performed in a second surgery; to the authors' knowledge, no alternative surgical treatments have since been described. In this horse, a new surgical treatment by distraction osteogenesis without nasal septum osteotomy was attempted. After the procedure, the premaxilla and nasal septum deviations were corrected; however, an overjet lesion (rostral projection of maxillary arcade over the mandibular arcade) was evident, for which the owners declined treatment. Compared with previously recommended procedures, distraction osteogenesis appears to be a less invasive treatment for congenital facial deformities and may be considered an option in the treatment of congenital deviation of the nasal septum and premaxilla (wry nose), head scoliosis, brachygnathism, and prognathism in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Puchol
- Clínica Veterinaria Puerta de Hierro, Isla de Oza 59, 28035 Madrid, Spain
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Gawrylash SK. Thyroid hyperplasia and musculoskeletal deformity in a standardbred filly in Ontario. Can Vet J 2004; 45:424-6. [PMID: 15206593 PMCID: PMC548628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hyperplasia and musculoskeletal deformity, described in foals in western Canada, has not been recognized as a common cause of neonatal foal mortality in Ontario. A case is reported from Ontario, with clinical and histopathological findings consistent with the syndrome described in western Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally K Gawrylash
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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Davenport-Goodall CLM, Ross MW. Scintigraphic abnormalities of the pelvic region in horses examined because of lameness or poor performance: 128 cases (1993–2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:88-95. [PMID: 14710883 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify scintigraphic abnormalities in the pelvic region of horses examined because of hind limb lameness or poor performance and determine the clinical relevance of areas of abnormal radiopharmaceutical uptake (ARU) in these horses. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 128 horses. PROCEDURE Medical records were reviewed, and information on signalment, history, admitting complaints, physical examination findings, and results of lameness examinations was recorded. Clinical relevance of areas of ARU was determined by comparison with results of other diagnostic tests. For horses with clinically relevant areas of ARU, follow-up information was obtained through telephone interviews with owners and trainers and analysis of race records. RESULTS Areas of ARU were identified in the tuber coxae (25 horses), ischiatic tuber (9), hip joint (10), third trochanter (10), ilium (5), sacral tuber region (22), greater trochanter (1), cranial femoral cortex (1), skeletal muscle surrounding the pelvis (34), or multiple areas (11). In 44 horses, areas of ARU were associated with the primary cause of lameness; in 51, areas of ARU were not associated with the primary cause of lameness; and in 33, the primary cause of lameness was not determined. Thirty-six of the 44 horses with clinically relevant areas of ARU were available for follow-up; 15 (42%) had a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that pelvic scintigraphy may be useful in identifying abnormalities in horses with hind limb lameness or poor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia L M Davenport-Goodall
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
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Abstract
Understanding the basic mechanisms of hoof capsule distortion enables the clinician to unravel the sometimes complex mix of abnormalities, identify early warning signs, and manage existing problems more effectively. Distortion of the hoof capsule can often seem like a complicated puzzle by the time the veterinarian is called to examine the lame horse. Evaluating each of the components of the hoof capsule, both individually and as an integrated unit, allows the clinician to tease apart the tangle of primary and secondary problems and come up with effective options for countering or attenuating the forces responsible for the distortion. Using high-quality radiography and developing an eye for detail regarding the physical and radiographic characteristics of the foot allow the clinician to identify subtle abnormalities, thereby averting a clinical problem or addressing the problem while it is still reversible. With existing problems, developing these skills enhances the clinician's ability to interpret the degree of damage accurately and to devise mechanical solutions that create an environment in which healing and restoration of function are maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ric F Redden
- International Equine Podiatry Center, 8235 McCowans, PO Box 507, Versailles, KY 40383, USA.
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Spike-Pierce DL, Bramlage LR. Correlation of racing performance with radiographic changes in the proximal sesamoid bones of 487 Thoroughbred yearlings. Equine Vet J 2003; 35:350-3. [PMID: 12880002 DOI: 10.2746/042516403776014262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Proximal sesamoiditis has been a common and confusing radiographic diagnosis in Thoroughbred yearling surveys. This study categorised the radiographic appearance of yearling proximal sesamoid bones and determined their effect on the number of races started and earning potential for racing at ages 2 and 3 years. HYPOTHESIS Yearlings with moderate to severe proximal sesamoiditis have decreased performance at age 2 and 3 years. METHODS Survey radiographs of 487 Thoroughbred yearlings were reviewed. Proximal sesamoid bones were examined and findings placed into 7 categories, 5 of which measured size, shape, and number of vascular canals, and 2 examined the radiographic shape of the sesamoid abaxial surface. Records of horses age 2 and 3 years were reviewed to obtain the number of races completed and money won in those races. RESULTS Vascular canals with parallel sides < 2 mm in width in any number were normal. Yearlings with 1 or 2 abnormally conformed vascular canals (nonparallel sides and > 2 mm in width) had a decrease in number of race starts at age 2 years when compared to normal horses. This same change in the fore- or hindlimbs was associated with decreases in starts and earnings at age 2 years. If uniformly present in both fore- and hindlimbs there was no difference from normal horses. Yearlings with > 2 irregular vascular canals had a decrease in number of race starts and earnings at age 2 and 3 years. Changes in proximal sesamoid bone contour did not affect performance. CONCLUSIONS Horses with enlarged vascular canals, within their sesamoids as yearlings, start fewer races and earn less prize money than horses with normal vascular canals. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE One or two enlarged canals affected horses as 2-year-olds. Three or more enlarged vascular canals affected horses at ages 2 and 3 years, which should be taken into account when examining radiographs for potential purchase of young horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Spike-Pierce
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, PO Box 12070, Lexington, Kentucky 40580-2070, USA
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Baudler A, Lütkefels E, Drommer W, Deegen E, Ohnesorge B. [Experimental studies on the therapy of epiglottis hypoplasia in horses--transendoscopic injection of collagen and polytetrafluoroethylene]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2003; 110:160-5. [PMID: 12756958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Epiglottic augmentation by transendoscopic injection of an implant material was performed on ten clinically healthy horses. In six cases bovine collagen (Zyplast) was used, in the remaining four horses the injection was done with polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE-Paste). The results of the surgery were observed endoscopically and by contrast radiography. Using the radiographs, epiglottic length and thickness were measured. For necropsy and histologic assessment the horses, three and two animals of the two groups, were euthanized at three and 12 weeks after surgery. The data obtained from the measurements at necropsy were correlated with those from the radiographs. The minimal invasive technique was very easy to perform with the bovine collagen while PTFE was less suitable for the transendoscopic injection. The data concerning the epiglottic length as well as its thickness measured on the radiographs correlated well to those obtained from the measurements at necropsy. After injection of collagen as well as PTFE an organisation of the implant was noticed histologically, which increased in accordance with the increasing time after injection. As far as the collagen implant is concerned, there was fibrous granulation tissue accompanied by an inflammatory reaction consisting mainly of lymphocytes and histiocytes. In contrast the injection of PTFE led to the development of a foreign body granuloma. In addition, some cases showed ulcers. Both implant materials led to an increase in epiglottic thickness, so that one can expect an improvement in its stability which could be of benefit to the therapy of epiglottic hypoplasia. But this increase in thickness had its maximum level directly after injection and declined over the period observed. Still, especially in the case of the collagen used here, the development of a fibrous granulation tissue and the immigration of fibroblasts and fibrocytes into the implant indicates that there is a stabilisation to some extent. Bovine collagen was proven to be highly suitable for transendoscopic injection. Although there is report about good clinical results using PTFE via laryngotomy, this material seems to be unsuitable for the transendoscopic technique due to the circumstances that lead to a higher number of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baudler
- Klinik für Pferde der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover
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Lightbody T. Foal with Overo lethal white syndrome born to a registered quarter horse mare. Can Vet J 2002; 43:715-7. [PMID: 12240532 PMCID: PMC339559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A 16-hour-old white foal, born to a registered quarter horse mare, was examined for signs of colic. The foal had Overo lethal white syndrome, which causes ileocolonic agangliosis. This was confirmed by DNA testing. Since there is no treatment for Overo lethal white syndrome, the foal was euthanized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Lightbody
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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Read EK, Read MR, Townsend HG, Clark CR, Pharr JW, Wilson DG. Effect of hemi-circumferential periosteal transection and elevation in foals with experimentally induced angular limb deformities. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221:536-40. [PMID: 12184705 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of hemi-circumferential periosteal transection and elevation (HCPTE) in foals with, experimentally induced angular limb deformities. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 10 healthy foals. PROCEDURE When foals were 30 days old, transphyseal bridge implants were placed on the lateral aspects of both distal radial physes. At 90 days of age (or when 15 degrees of angulation had developed), implants were removed, and HCPTE was performed on 1 limb. Foals were confined in small pens after surgery; the front feet of the foals were rasped weekly to maintain medial-to-lateral hoof wall balance. Dorsopalmar radiographic projections of the carpi were obtained before HCPTE and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 48 weeks later. RESULTS At the time of transphyseal bridge removal and HCPTE, both treated and control limbs were observed to have a significantly greater carpal valgus, compared with the initial degree of angulation at 30 days of age. Following HCPTE or sham surgery, all limbs straightened over the subsequent 2 months of the study. Median angulation was not significantly different between treated and control limbs at any time during the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that in foals with experimentally induced limb deformities, HCPTE was no more effective than stall confinement and hoof trimming alone for correction of the deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Read
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Mair
- Bell Equine Veterinary Clinic, Mereworth, Maidstone, Kent
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Abstract
An Anglo-Arab foal with bilateral postprandial nasal discharge was diagnosed as having a full-length defect of the soft palate. Surgical repair was attempted using a combination of two surgical approaches. Initially a mandibular symphysiotomy approach was used. The posterior portion of the defect did not heal adequately, so a ventral laryngotomy, bisecting the body of the thyroid cartilage and extending to a pharyngotomy approach, was performed 5 months later. The foal has since matured fully despite a slight unilateral nasal discharge. This case report demonstrates that these two surgical approaches used simultaneously provide surgical access that is superior to either approach used individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honor A Walesby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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Riccaboni P, Di Giancamillo M, Leonardi L, Di Giancamillo A, Cammarata G. Fusion of the distal sesamoid and distal phalanx in a yearling colt. Vet Rec 2002; 150:143-6. [PMID: 11871668 DOI: 10.1136/vr.150.5.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a rare malformation of the distal portion of the left foredigit of a 15-month-old half-bred colt which was severely lame. Radiological, pathological and tomographic studies revealed hypoplasia of the metacarpophalangeal skeleton, absence of the distal sesamoid and deformation of the distal phalanx. Morphological analysis of the lesion and computerised measurement of the width of the articular surface of the distal phalanx suggested an early fusion between the distal sesamoid and distal phalanx.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Riccaboni
- Instituto di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria e Patologia Aviare, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Baird DH, Pilsworth RC. Wedge-shaped conformation of the dorsolateral aspect of the third tarsal bone in the Thoroughbred racehorse is associated with development of slab fractures in this site. Equine Vet J 2001; 33:617-20. [PMID: 11720035 DOI: 10.2746/042516401776563391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anecdotal evidence suggested that many cases of third tarsal bone (T3) fracture encountered clinically were associated with an abnormal shape to this bone. The radiographs of 10 normal horses and 10 horses affected with slab fracture of T3 were therefore examined to ascertain if any pre-existent radiological abnormality was present in cases of fracture. Measurement of the maximum and minimum width between the proximal and distal articular surfaces of the dorsolateral aspect of this bone was carried out on a standardised dorso-50 degrees medial-palmarolateral radiographic projection of the tarsus of each horse. To avoid artefacts produced by possible image magnification, ratios of these values were used for comparison between horses. The results showed that wedge shaped conformation of T3, in which the articular surfaces of the bone converge and then diverge again on the dorsolateral aspect, was over-represented in the population of horses sustaining T3 fracture when compared to controls. This information may be important in making judgements on the suitability of horses during prepurchase examination for racing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Baird
- Beaufort Cottage Equine Hospital, Exning, Suffolk, UK
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Abstract
An 8-hour-old Standardbred filly was evaluated because of an enlarging umbilical mass and stranguria. It was suspected that the mass was the urinary bladder; this was confirmed on surgical exploration of the abdomen. Despite a normal umbilical ring, the bladder had descended and partially everted through its urachal communication with the umbilical stalk. Partial cystectomy and umbilical resection were performed and resulted in an excellent clinical outcome. Evagination of the urinary bladder via the umbilicus has rarely been described in human infants, and, to our knowledge, it has not been reported in the veterinary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Textor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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24
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Paget S, Ducos A, Mignotte F, Raymond I, Pinton A, Séguéla A, Berland HM, Brun-Baronnat C, Darré A, Darré R, Tamzali Y, Bergonier D, Berthelot X. 63,XO/65,XYY mosaicism in a case of equine male pseudohermaphroditism. Vet Rec 2001; 148:24-5. [PMID: 11200403 DOI: 10.1136/vr.148.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Paget
- UMR Cytogénétique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, France
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Ramzan
- Beaufort Cottage Stables, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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26
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Abstract
A collection of 69 isolated navicular bones, normal or affected with navicular disease, was examined radiographically using dorsopalmar, lateromedial and palmaroproximal-palmarodistal views. Radiographic findings on each view were recorded. A radiographic diagnosis of normality or navicular disease was made, first on each view separately and afterwards based on the combination of the 3 views. Forty-four navicular bones were considered radiographically normal and 25 navicular bones had distinct signs of radiographic navicular disease. The dorsopalmar and the lateromedial views of each navicular bone were assessed together and compared with the palmaroproximal-palmarodistal view. In not a single bone was the palmaroproximal-palmarodistal view considered indispensable to make the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T de Clercq
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Rosenstein
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1314, USA.
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28
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Dutton DM, Watkins JP, Honnas CM, Hague BA. Treatment response and athletic outcome of foals with tarsal valgus deformities: 39 cases (1988-1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215:1481-4. [PMID: 10579047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the response to various treatments and long-term outcome of foals with tarsal valgus deformities. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 39 foals with tarsal valgus deformities. PROCEDURE Data collected from medical records, included signalment, history, reason for admission, and clinical findings. Radiographic views of the tarsus were evaluated for incomplete ossification of tarsal bones and were classified as normal in appearance, type-I incomplete ossification, or type-II incomplete ossification. Treatment and athletic outcome were documented for each foal. RESULTS Radiographic assessment revealed that 22 of 39 foals (56%) had concomitant tarsal valgus deformities and incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones. Eight of 19 foals with tarsal valgus deformities that were treated with periosteal stripping responded favorably. Foals < or = 60 days old were significantly more likely to respond to periosteal stripping than older foals. Five of 8 foals with tarsal valgus deformities that were treated with growth plate retardation responded favorably. Eleven of 21 foals with long-term follow-up performed as intended. Compared with foals with type-II incomplete ossification, foals with tarsal bones that had a normal radiographic appearance or type-I incomplete ossification were significantly more likely to perform as intended. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Foals with tarsal valgus deformities should have lateromedial radiographic views of the tarsus obtained to assess the tarsal bones for incomplete ossification, which will affect athletic outcome. Because foals with type-II incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones respond poorly to periosteal stripping alone, treatment by growth-plate retardation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Dutton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- H De Bosschere
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Equine Referral Hospital De Bosdreef, Moerbeke-Waasand, Belgium
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30
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Hélie P, Ammann VJ, Kervern I. Jejunoileal incarceration and strangulation through a splenic defect in a mare. Can Vet J 1999; 40:657-8. [PMID: 10495909 PMCID: PMC1539854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A 6-year-old, standardbred mare was presented for colic of 12 h duration. Transrectal palpation revealed intestinal distension of unknown cause. The mare was euthanized. At necropsy, segmental jejunoileal incarceration and strangulation through an opening in the spleen was observed. This opening was considered to be a congenital defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hélie
- Laboratoire de pathologie animale, Ministère de l'agriculture, des pêcheries et de l'alimentation du Québec, St-Hyacinthe
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31
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Abstract
A three-day-old foal died from intestinal strangulation due to a remnant of vitelline vein which extended between the umbilicus and the portal vein. The strangulating vein was identified on the basis of its morphological and histological structure. This finding, which is the first reported case of a persistent vitelline vein in a horse, is discussed in relation to the normal development and involution of the vitelline circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H De Bosschere
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium
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32
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical signs and management of 4 foals with persistent frenulum of the epiglottis. STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMALS Four newborn foals. METHODS Foals were admitted with a complaint of oronasal reflux after nursing. Variable systemic signs of aspiration pneumonia were evident. Nasal endoscopy confirmed persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Persistent frenulum of the epiglottis, confirmed by oral endoscopic examination, was transected. RESULTS After surgery, all foals had the epiglottis positioned normally, dorsal to the soft palate. Clinical signs of oronasal reflux resolved by the second nursing attempt in 3 foals, whereas this was difficult to assess in one foal that was nursed intermittently because of the mares behavior. This foal died 2 days later. The other 3 foals have had normal epiglottic function for 2-4 years. CONCLUSIONS Persistent frenulum of the epiglottis should be considered in foals with oronasal reflux from birth. With appropriate medical and surgical management the prognosis for resolution should be good.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Yarbrough
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 95616, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- E Karlstam
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Wooldridge AA, Seahorn TL, Williams J, Taylor HW, Oliver JL, Kim DY, Vicek TJ. Chronic renal failure associated with nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, and renal dysplasia in a 2-year-old quarter horse gelding. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1999; 40:361-4. [PMID: 10463829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1999.tb02126.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old quarter horse gelding presented for evaluation of polyuria and polydipsia. Azotemia was detected on serum chemistry profile. Small, misshapen, hyperechoic kidneys with decreased corticomedullary demarcation, hydronephrosis, and a right nephrolith were noted ultrasonographically. The diagnosis of end-stage kidney disease and dysplasia was made histopathologically using ultrasound-guided biopsy. Two ureteroliths were found in the right ureter via cystoscopy, and a nephrolith was seen in the right kidney at necropsy. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and pathologic features of equine urolithiasis and renal dysplasia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Wooldridge
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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35
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Abstract
A 1-month-old male American Paint Horse was evaluated for a hard swelling on the right side of the maxillary region. On radiographs there was a large, expansile outpouching of the right maxillary bone between the second and third premolar teeth. Computed tomography further characterized the expansile lesion to have a soft tissue component and to originate in the region of a caudal maxillary tooth. Surgical reconstruction of the defect was unsuccessful and the animal was euthanetized. Based on failure to find histopathologic evidence of a neoplasm or cyst, the diagnosis was a congenital malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Tudor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27606, USA
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Abstract
Retrospective analysis of the radiographs of horses with carpal valgus, presented to the Iowa State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 1987-1996, were used to compare 2 methods of geometric analysis for finding the total angle of deviation. The pivot point angle method and the individual joint angle method were found to be comparable for determining the total angle of deviation. The individual joint angle method was used to analyse individual carpal joint angles and physis angle in joints with carpal valgus, as well as the changes that occurred in response to surgical correction. Multiple joint involvement was common with carpal valgus; and surgical manipulation caused a change in angle at all joints. Use of the individual joint angle method for evaluating carpal valgus may aid the surgeon in making a more accurate prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Brauer
- Iowa State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ames, USA
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38
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Grahn BH, Wolfer J, Cullen CL. What is your diagnosis and therapeutic plan? Congenital atresia of the left nasolacrimal duct. Can Vet J 1999; 40:71-2. [PMID: 9919372 PMCID: PMC1539647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B H Grahn
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Lear
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA
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40
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Dutton DM, Watkins JP, Walker MA, Honnas CM. Incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones in foals: 22 cases (1988-1996). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 213:1590-4. [PMID: 9838959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine outcome for foals with incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones and to determine whether clinical and radiographic abnormalities at the time of initial examination were associated with outcome. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 22 foals. PROCEDURE Information on signalment, history, owner's initial complaint, clinical findings, whether tarsus valgus was evident, and radiographic abnormalities was obtained from medical records. Radiographic lesions were classified as type I (i.e., incomplete ossification with < 30% collapse of the affected bones) or type II (incomplete ossification with > 30% collapse and pinching or fragmentation of the affected bones). Follow-up information was obtained via telephone conversations with owners. RESULTS Foals were between 1 day and 10 months old when first examined. Eleven were premature (i.e., < 320 days of gestation) or were twins. Sixteen had tarsus valgus. Severity of radiographic lesions was associated with outcome; 4 of 6 foals with type-I incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones performed as intended, but only 3 of 16 foals with type-II incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones performed as intended. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS For foals with incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones, severity of the radiographic lesions was associated with outcome. Foals with type-II incomplete ossification of the tarsal bones have a guarded prognosis for athletic soundness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Dutton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, USA
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41
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Butt TD, MacDonald DG, Crawford WH, Dechant JE. Persistent right aortic arch in a yearling horse. Can Vet J 1998; 39:714-5. [PMID: 9818140 PMCID: PMC1539482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A 14-month-old filly with chronic pharyngitis was diagnosed with incomplete esophageal constriction and megaesophagus due to a persistent right aortic arch. This report is unusual because clinical signs of respiratory dysfunction secondary to chronic regurgitation occurred prior to the recognition of dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Butt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery, Western College of veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon
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42
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Campbell EM, Sedrish SA, Martin GS. What is your diagnosis? Carpus valgus and hypoplasia of the carpal bones in a foal. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:815-6. [PMID: 9530417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E M Campbell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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43
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Toribio RE, Bain FT, Mrad DR, Messer NT, Sellers RS, Hinchcliff KW. Congenital defects in newborn foals of mares treated for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis during pregnancy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998; 212:697-701. [PMID: 9524643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three weak, recumbent neonatal foals with skin lesions, including a thin wooly coat, were born to mares being treated for equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Mares received sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, pyrimethamine, folic acid, and vitamin E orally. Foals were anemic, leukopenic, azotemic, hyponatremic, and hyperkalemic. Serum folate concentrations in the 3 foals and 2 mares were lower than those reported in the literature for clinically normal brood mares. Treatment was unsuccessful. For each foal, necropsy revealed lobulated kidneys with thin cortices and a pale medulla, and the spleen and thymus were small. Histologic examination revealed marked epidermal necrosis without inflammatory cells, thin renal cortices, renal tubular nephrosis, lymphoid aplasia, and bone marrow aplasia and hypoplasia. These observations indicate that oral administration of sulfonamides, 2,4-diaminopyrimidines (pyrimethamine with or without trimethoprim), and folic acid to mares during pregnancy is related to congenital defects in newborn foals.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/chemically induced
- Abnormalities, Multiple/etiology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/veterinary
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn/abnormalities
- Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects
- Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow/abnormalities
- Encephalomyelitis/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis/embryology
- Encephalomyelitis/veterinary
- Female
- Folic Acid/administration & dosage
- Folic Acid/adverse effects
- Folic Acid/therapeutic use
- Folic Acid Antagonists/adverse effects
- Folic Acid Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Horses/abnormalities
- Kidney/abnormalities
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/drug therapy
- Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/veterinary
- Protozoan Infections, Animal/drug therapy
- Protozoan Infections, Animal/embryology
- Pyrimethamine/adverse effects
- Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use
- Skin Abnormalities/chemically induced
- Skin Abnormalities/etiology
- Skin Abnormalities/veterinary
- Sulfadiazine/adverse effects
- Sulfadiazine/therapeutic use
- Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/adverse effects
- Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use
- Vitamin E/adverse effects
- Vitamin E/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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Ramirez S, Williams J, Seahorn TL, Blas-Machado U, Partington BP, Valdes M, McClure JR. Ultrasound-assisted diagnosis of renal dysplasia in a 3-month-old Quarter Horse colt. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1998; 39:143-6. [PMID: 9548143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1998.tb01981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-month-old foal was presented for correction of bilateral angular limb deformities. Azotemia was detected as an incidental finding. Small, misshapened, hyperechoic kidneys with decreased corticomedullary demarcation were noted with ultrasonography. Additionally, the internal renal architecture was abnormal in that the intrarenal vessels and distant collecting system were not clearly seen in either kidney. Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy was suggestive of congenital renal dysplasia, which was later confirmed at necropsy. Clinical, sonographic, and pathologic features of equine renal dysplasia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ramirez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803, USA
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Freeman
- Department of Farm Animal and Equine Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
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46
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Tulleners E, Stick JA, Leitch M, Trumble TN, Wilkerson JP. Epiglottic augmentation for treatment of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in racehorses: 59 cases (1985-1994). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:1022-8. [PMID: 9343548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether epiglottic augmentation, in conjunction with more traditional surgical methods, would be useful in the treatment of dorsal displacement of the soft palate in racehorses. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 40 Thoroughbred and 19 Standardbred racehorses. PROCEDURE Polytetrafluoroethylene paste was injected submucosally on the lingual epiglottic surface of each horse. In addition, sternothyrohyoideus myectomy or sternothyroideus tenectomy and staphylectomy were performed in most horses. RESULTS Racing performance was improved after surgery in 29 of 40 (73%) Thoroughbreds and 10 of 19 (53%) Standardbreds. Twenty-nine (49%) horses won > or = 1 race after surgery. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Results suggest that epiglottic augmentation, in conjunction with other surgical methods, may be an effective method of treating horses with poor racing performance attributable to dorsal displacement of the soft palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tulleners
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square 19348, USA
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Okumura M, Fujinaga T, Urakawa E, Tagami M, Tsukiyama K. Evaluation of the catabolic activity of cartilage by measurement of serum keratan sulfate concentration in foals. Am J Vet Res 1997; 58:925-9. [PMID: 9256983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine keratan sulfate (KS) concentration in the serum of foals at the early stage of growing, and to evaluate the role of serum KS as a cartilage catabolic marker, comparing its values with the fluctuation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as a measurement of osteoblastic activity. ANIMALS 12 foals with normal growth and 3 foals with joint abnormalities within 18 months after birth. PROCEDURE Measurement of KS concentration and ALP activity in serum and radiographic and physical examinations were done. RESULTS In all foals, serum KS concentration was high from 1 week after birth to 3 months of age, while serum ALP decreased with aging. The value started to decrease rapidly from 3 to 5 months of age, then gradually reached adult values. During the first 3 months, KS concentration in male foals was significantly higher than that in female foals. In 3 foals which had joint problems, KS concentration was higher than that in normally growing foals at 1 week, and at 1, 2, and 3 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Cartilage catabolic activity is higher in developing foals up to 3 months of age, suggesting that the immature joint at this time could be easily affected by any factor of loading. Moreover, though only 3 diseased foals were examined, higher serum KS concentration in these foals suggest that this variable might be a useful measure of joint diseases, even at an early stage of life in foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Okumura
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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48
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49
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Theoret CL, Grahn BH, Fretz PB. Incomplete nasomaxillary dysplasia in a foal. Can Vet J 1997; 38:445-7. [PMID: 9220136 PMCID: PMC1576745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atresia of the nasal punctum is the most common congenital anomaly for the equine nasolacrimal system. Nasomaxillary dysplasia has not been previously documented in foals, is of unknown etiology, and appears to be a rare condition. Conjunctivomaxillary sinostomy was successful in resolving the epiphora.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Theoret
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon
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50
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Tengelsen LA, Yamini B, Mullaney TP, Bell TG, Render JA, Patterson JS, Steficek BA, Fitzgerald SD, Kennedy FA, Slanker MR, Ramos-Vara JA. A 12-year retrospective study of equine abortion in Michigan. J Vet Diagn Invest 1997; 9:303-6. [PMID: 9249170 DOI: 10.1177/104063879700900312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L A Tengelsen
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
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