A pilot randomized controlled trial comparing bismuth iodine paraffin paste external ear pack and no ear pack after middle ear surgery

To pilot a substantive randomized control trial comparing post-operative external ear canal pack with no ear pack after middle ear surgery, 32 adults undergoing primary posterior bony canal wall preserving middle ear surgery were randomized to have either a bismuth iodoform paraffin paste pack or no ear pack post-operatively. Outcome measures included clinician- and patient-recorded visual analogue scale scores for ear signs and symptoms at 3 weeks and 3 months and audiometric findings at 3 months post-operatively. There was no statistically significant inter-group difference in 3-week clinician and patient cumulative scores for ear signs and symptoms. There was also no significant difference in graft take rate, appearance of ear canals and audiometric results in either group at 3 months. No difference in ear symptoms, clinician findings or hearing was demonstrated between patients with a post-operative pack compared to those without a pack following middle ear surgery in this pilot study.

Treatment of abscessed primary molars utilizing lesion sterilization and tissue repair: literature review and report of three cases

The purpose of this report was to review an emerging alternative treatment to pulpectomies and extractions for nonvital primary teeth called lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) and provide the results of three clinical case applications. LSTR is a noninstrumentation endodontic treatment that involves a triantibiotic mixture in a propylene glycol vehicle, which is used to disinfect root canal systems. This concept was developed by the cariology research unit of the School of Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. This article reviews the development of the technique, clinical procedures required for the technique, three clinical applications and radiographic documentation and follow-up, and a short literature review of the current evidence supporting its application in clinical practice.

Sutures coated with antiseptic pomade to prevent bacterial colonization: a randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to assess if an antiseptic pomade could reduce the bacterial colonization on multifilament sutures.

STUDY DESIGN

A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 40 volunteer patients of both sexes aged 18-70, randomly separated into experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. The experimental group received pomade-coated sutures (iodoform + calendula) and the control group uncoated sutures. Two millimeters of the suture was harvested from each patient from the 1st to the 15th postoperative day. The bacteria that had adhered to them were cultured. The number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was determined and the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney statistical test (P < .05).

RESULTS

The experimental group showed a significant reduction in bacterial growth compared with the control group (P = .002).

CONCLUSIONS

In this experimental model, the antiseptic pomade was effective in reducing bacterial colonization on silk braided sutures.

Effect of a topical antimicrobial paste on healing after extraction of molars in HIV positive patients: Randomised controlled clinical trial

AIM

To assess the efficacy of a medicated dressing in the socket on the healing after dental extractions in HIV positive patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Forty HIV positive patients with CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm(3) who were to have molar teeth extracted were randomly allocated to have the socket dressed with a medicated paste (Rifocort) with camphorated parachlorophenol and iodoform) and sutured (treated group), or merely sutured (control group).

RESULTS

The sockets in the treated group healed more quickly than in the control group.

[The effectiveness of some methods in eliminating bacteria from the root canal of a tooth with chronic apical periodontitis]

MATERIAL AND METHODS

[corrected] The study material consisted of 45 teeth with chronic apical periodontitis treated in 37 patients (22 females and 15 males). The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of one-visit (group 1, 26 teeth) and two-visit endodontic treatment with iodoform and pulpomixine between visits (group II, 19 teeth) in eliminating bacteria from the root canal.

RESULTS

Microbiological samples were cultured and microorganisms were identified before and after treatment. A rich and varied bacterial flora was found in all samples before treatment. Following treatment, there were 17 (65.4%) bacteria-free root canals and 9 (34.6%) canals with sparse bacterial flora in group I and 15 (78.9%) bacteria-free and 4 (21.1%) bacteria-containing root canals in group II.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that both methods performed similarly and neither method was fully effective in eliminating bacteria from the root canals.

[Effect of tinidazole-dexamethasone-iodoform paste on controlling endodontic interappointment emergencies]

PURPOSE

To compare the clinical effect of tinidazole-dexamethasone-iodoform paste on intracanal dressing medication for teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis with that of formocresol.

METHODS

520 permanent teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis were selected and divided randomly into tinidazole-dexamethasone-iodoform paste group (A group) and formocresol group (B group). The periapical signs and symptoms were recorded, radiographs were taken. After root canal preparation, the tinidazole-dexamethasone-iodoform paste was used as an intracanal dressing medication for one week in A group and the formocresol paper point was used in B group. During the course of canal treatment, the clinical findings were assessed with clinical periapical index (CPI), the cases were followed up for two years.

RESULTS

There was significant difference between A and B group (P<0.01), group A was better than group B. There was no significant difference between two groups of the success rate after following up two years (P>0.05).

CONCLUSION

As an intra-canal sterilization medication,tinidazole-dexamethasone-iodoform can reduce the occurrence of endodontic interappointment emergencies in teeth with chronic periapical periodontitis and has a good long-term result.

Transient hypothyroidism in a breastfed infant after maternal use of iodoform gauze

We describe transient hypothyroidism induced in a 2 week-old breastfed infant by maternal use of iodoform gauze for a perirectal abscess. The initial newborn thyroid screen was normal. Low levels of thyroid hormone were discovered during a routine second newborn screen. Thyroid function has since normalized with short-term therapy with thyroxine and after the mother discontinued use of the packing iodoform gauze. This case illustrates the need to avoid iodine-containing products in breastfeeding mothers.

[Consciousness disturbance caused by iodoform absorption in a patient with decubitus ulcer topically treated with iodoform-gauze]

A 76-year-old man with supranuclear palsy, developed consciousness disturbance followed by the treatment of decubitus ulcer in the sacral region using iodoform-gauze. He was semicoma and tachycardia. His pupils were miotic and light reflexes were absent. EEG demonstrated diffuse and random slow activities. Plasma concentration of free iodine was high (151 micrograms/dl), but the other laboratory findings including thyroid functions were normal. He was diagnosed as suffering from iodoform poisoning. The symptoms and laboratory abnormalities of the patient recovered soon after the removal of iodoform-gauze. Although iodoform has been widely used for the treatment of wounds, there are few case reports of its side effects, such as consciousness disturbance, delirium, headache and tachycardia.

[Middle molecular weight peptides from rat blood serum during acute liver injury and administration of iodinated oil]

A spectrum of mean-molecular blood serum peptides in rats with experimental toxic hepatitis and parenteral injection of iodinated oil has been studied using the method of gel-filtration on a sephadex G-25. It is established that the toxic hepatitis is characterized by the expressed rearrangement of the stock of mean-molecular peptides with a preferential growth in the blood serum and normalization of their concentrations 24h after the injection of iodinated oil accompanied by attenuation of the organism intoxication phenomena. An increase in the content of mean-molecular peptides was registered 48 hours after the iodinated oil injection.

DNA binding of methyl iodide in male and female F344 rats

The genotoxic potency of methyl iodide was investigated in a DNA binding study. Male and female F344 rats were exposed to 14C-labelled methyl iodide orally or by inhalation in a closed exposure system. DNA adducts were detected in the liver, lung, stomach and forestomach of the exposed animals. [14C]3-Methyladenine, [14C]7-methylguanine and [14C]O6-methylguanine could be identified by a combination of three different methods of hydrolysing DNA and subsequent HPLC or GC/MS analysis. The highest values of methylated guanines were determined in the stomach and forestomach of the animals following both oral and inhalative exposure. These results demonstrate a systemic genotoxic effect of methyl iodide.

[Intravenous methyl iodide poisoning--detoxification using hemoperfusion]

A 19-year-old patient intending to commit suicide gave himself an intravenous injection of about 14 g methyliodide. The patient was admitted to our hospital in a state of somnolence and agitation followed by a cerebral convulsion and severe hypotension. The serum concentration of methyl iodide was measured by mass spectroscopy. In addition to an antidote therapy with acetylcysteine, haemoperfusion was performed followed by a remarkable decrease of the methyliodide concentration. The patient survived this severe intoxication and was discharged from the hospital after a week.

BIPP induced methaemoglobinaemia

Bismuth subnitrate, one of the constituents of BIPP is known to cause methaemoglobinaemia. Ten patients had blood estimations for methaemoglobin levels before and after nasal packing with BIPP impregnated gauze. Only one patient exhibited abnormal levels of methaemoglobin and this was most probably the result of the large quantity of BIPP used. It is unlikely that significant methaemoglobinaemia occurs during the routine use of BIPP in the nose.

Endodontic treatment of infected primary teeth, using Maisto's paste

A method of endodontic treatment, using a modification of Maisto's paste, is suggested for preservation of infected primary teeth. Adding more zinc-oxide reagent and other anti-bacterial materials to the original Walkhoff's paste (Kri 1), for pulp canal medication and final filling, seems to improve the pharmacological effect of the paste by reducing the resorption rate. The literature is reviewed and a case with a follow-up time of three and a half years is described, in which the tooth remained stable.

Evaluation of an iodoform paste in root canal therapy for infected primary teeth

The treatment guidelines for success were if clinically the tooth was painless, without pathologic mobility, and the gingiva was healthy. No clinical or radiographic signs or symptoms of failure were observed in forty-three of forty-five teeth.

Subacute inhalation toxicity testing with iodoform vapor

Subacute inhalation experiments were conducted to determine the LC50 value for adult Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to iodoform vapor. Each dose consisted of 5 males and 5 females that were together for a 7-h exposure or sham exposure and then separated for observation over the subsequent 24-h period. The rats were deprived of food and water during actual exposure or sham exposure. Exposures were conducted in a custom-designed 75-l glass chamber. Vapor concentrations were verified in samples taken from the exposure chamber. Under the conditions of the experiments the 7-h LC50 was found to be 183 ppm. The second objective of these experiments was to determine the toxic effect of iodoform vapor on rats exposed for 7 h/d for 7 consecutive days. Three groups of 5 young adult male and 5 female rats were used. One group served as a sham control and the other groups were exposed to 1 and 14 ppm iodoform vapor. No significant differences were noted in food and water intake, urine and feces output, and intestinal transit performance in either exposed group. No remarkable changes were noted in SMA 12/60 blood values for either exposed group. The only histopathological manifestation noted was the presence of mineralized deposits in the medullary renal tubules of some of the rats from the 14-ppm group.

Increased longevity of Drosophila melanogaster with diiodomethane

Diiodomethane at a concentration of 10 microgram/ml increased the median life span of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, by 29.3%. Decreased flight activity was associated with increased longevity when the flies were reared and maintained on diiodomethane. Rearing only on diiodomethane increased life span by 13.6% and eliminated the decreased-flight-activity phenomenon. The effects of iodine, iodoform and hydriodic acid on longevity were also examined.