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Kariuki SN, Marin-Menendez A, Introini V, Ravenhill BJ, Lin YC, Macharia A, Makale J, Tendwa M, Nyamu W, Kotar J, Carrasquilla M, Rowe JA, Rockett K, Kwiatkowski D, Weekes MP, Cicuta P, Williams TN, Rayner JC. Red blood cell tension protects against severe malaria in the Dantu blood group. Nature 2020; 585:579-583. [PMID: 32939086 PMCID: PMC7116803 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malaria has had a major effect on the human genome, with many protective polymorphisms-such as the sickle-cell trait-having been selected to high frequencies in malaria-endemic regions1,2. The blood group variant Dantu provides 74% protection against all forms of severe malaria in homozygous individuals3-5, a similar degree of protection to that afforded by the sickle-cell trait and considerably greater than that offered by the best malaria vaccine. Until now, however, the protective mechanism has been unknown. Here we demonstrate the effect of Dantu on the ability of the merozoite form of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to invade red blood cells (RBCs). We find that Dantu is associated with extensive changes to the repertoire of proteins found on the RBC surface, but, unexpectedly, inhibition of invasion does not correlate with specific RBC-parasite receptor-ligand interactions. By following invasion using video microscopy, we find a strong link between RBC tension and merozoite invasion, and identify a tension threshold above which invasion rarely occurs, even in non-Dantu RBCs. Dantu RBCs have higher average tension than non-Dantu RBCs, meaning that a greater proportion resist invasion. These findings provide both an explanation for the protective effect of Dantu, and fresh insight into why the efficiency of P. falciparum invasion might vary across the heterogenous populations of RBCs found both within and between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia N Kariuki
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Viola Introini
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin J Ravenhill
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yen-Chun Lin
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex Macharia
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Johnstone Makale
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Metrine Tendwa
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Wilfred Nyamu
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Jurij Kotar
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - J Alexandra Rowe
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kirk Rockett
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Thomas N Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Del Rosario M, Periz J, Pavlou G, Lyth O, Latorre‐Barragan F, Das S, Pall GS, Stortz JF, Lemgruber L, Whitelaw JA, Baum J, Tardieux I, Meissner M. Apicomplexan F-actin is required for efficient nuclear entry during host cell invasion. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48896. [PMID: 31584242 PMCID: PMC6893294 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp. invade host cells by injecting a protein complex into the membrane of the targeted cell that bridges the two cells through the assembly of a ring-like junction. This circular junction stretches while the parasites apply a traction force to pass through, a step that typically concurs with transient constriction of the parasite body. Here we analyse F-actin dynamics during host cell invasion. Super-resolution microscopy and real-time imaging highlighted an F-actin pool at the apex of pre-invading parasite, an F-actin ring at the junction area during invasion but also networks of perinuclear and posteriorly localised F-actin. Mutant parasites with dysfunctional acto-myosin showed significant decrease of junctional and perinuclear F-actin and are coincidently affected in nuclear passage through the junction. We propose that the F-actin machinery eases nuclear passage by stabilising the junction and pushing the nucleus through the constriction. Our analysis suggests that the junction opposes resistance to the passage of the parasite's nucleus and provides the first evidence for a dual contribution of actin-forces during host cell invasion by apicomplexan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Del Rosario
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of InfectionImmunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Javier Periz
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of InfectionImmunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Georgios Pavlou
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesCNRS, UMR5309, INSERM U1209Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Oliver Lyth
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Fernanda Latorre‐Barragan
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of InfectionImmunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Faculty of Science, Food Engineering and BiotechnologyTechnical University of AmbatoAmbatoEcuador
| | - Sujaan Das
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of InfectionImmunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Gurman S Pall
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of InfectionImmunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Johannes Felix Stortz
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of InfectionImmunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of InfectionImmunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Isabelle Tardieux
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesCNRS, UMR5309, INSERM U1209Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Markus Meissner
- Wellcome Centre For Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of InfectionImmunity & Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Experimental ParasitologyDepartment for Veterinary SciencesLudwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich MunichGermany
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Quintana MDP, Ch’ng JH, Zandian A, Imam M, Hultenby K, Theisen M, Nilsson P, Qundos U, Moll K, Chan S, Wahlgren M. SURGE complex of Plasmodium falciparum in the rhoptry-neck (SURFIN4.2-RON4-GLURP) contributes to merozoite invasion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201669. [PMID: 30092030 PMCID: PMC6084945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum invasion into red blood cells (RBCs) is a complex process engaging proteins on the merozoite surface and those contained and sequentially released from the apical organelles (micronemes and rhoptries). Fundamental to invasion is the formation of a moving junction (MJ), a region of close apposition of the merozoite and the RBC plasma membranes, through which the merozoite draws itself before settling into a newly formed parasitophorous vacuole (PV). SURFIN4.2 was identified at the surface of the parasitized RBCs (pRBCs) but was also found apically associated with the merozoite. Using antibodies against the N-terminus of the protein we show the presence of SURFIN4.2 in the neck of the rhoptries, its secretion into the PV and shedding into the culture supernatant upon schizont rupture. Using immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry we describe here a novel protein complex we have named SURGE where SURFIN4.2 forms interacts with the rhoptry neck protein 4 (RON4) and the Glutamate Rich Protein (GLURP). The N-terminal cysteine-rich-domain (CRD) of SURFIN4.2 mediates binding to the RBC membrane and its interaction with RON4 suggests its involvement in the contact between the merozoite apex and the RBC at the MJ. Supporting this suggestion, we also found that polyclonal antibodies to the extracellular domain (including the CRD) of SURFIN4.2 partially inhibit merozoite invasion. We propose that the formation of the SURGE complex participates in the establishment of parasite infection within the PV and the RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Pilar Quintana
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun-Hong Ch’ng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arash Zandian
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institutet of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maryam Imam
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Division of Clinical Research Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Theisen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institutet of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Qundos
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KTH-Royal Institutet of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Moll
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sherwin Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Wahlgren
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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