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Delgado-Lara DL, González-Enríquez GV, Torres-Mendoza BM, González-Usigli H, Cárdenas-Bedoya J, Macías-Islas MA, de la Rosa AC, Jiménez-Delgado A, Pacheco-Moisés F, Cruz-Serrano JA, Ortiz GG. Effect of melatonin administration on the PER1 and BMAL1 clock genes in patients with Parkinson's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110485. [PMID: 32768967 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are a widespread condition in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), which has been linked to a deregulation of the circadian cycle and therefore of the clock genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin (MEL) on the PER1 and BMAL1 clock genes in patients with PD. A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial pilot study was conducted in 26 patients with stage 1-3 PD according to the Hoehn & Yahr scale, who received either 25 mg of MEL or a placebo at noon and 30 min before bedtime for three months. The relative expression of the PER1 and BMAL1 genes was measured, as well as the presence of daytime, nocturnal, and global sleepiness, and the progression of PD. The levels of the PER1 and BMAL1 genes at baseline were 0.9 (0.1-3) vs. 0.56 (0.1-2.5), respectively; while after the intervention with MEL or placebo the BMAL1 levels increased to 2.5 (0-3.70) vs. 2.2 (0.10-3.30), respectively (d = 0.387). Fifty percent (50 %) of patients had daytime sleepiness and sixty-five percent (65 %) had abnormal nighttime sleepiness, yet neither group showed changes after the intervention. Patients with PD exhibited an alteration in the levels of the clock genes: MEL increased the levels of BMAL1, but the PER1 levels remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - G V González-Enríquez
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - B M Torres-Mendoza
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Division of Neurosciences, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - H González-Usigli
- Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J Cárdenas-Bedoya
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M A Macías-Islas
- Department of Neurosciences, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A Celis de la Rosa
- Department of Public Health, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A Jiménez-Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - F Pacheco-Moisés
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - G G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Department of Neurology, Sub-Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Zhanfeng N, Hechun X, Zhijun Z, Hongyu X, Zhou F. Regulation of Circadian Clock Genes on Sleep Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients. World Neurosurg 2019; 130:e475-e486. [PMID: 31252075 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), whether sleep disorder is associated with disturbances in molecular rhythmicity is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal sleep and regulation by circadian rhythms in patients with TBI. METHODS We sampled buccal cells and human blood samples from patients with TBI diagnosed with sleep disorders and those with normal sleep and investigated differences in the expression levels of Clock, Per2, and Bmal1 between the 2 groups. RESULTS The expression peaks of Clock, Per2, and Bmal1 were at 12:00. There was a statistically significant difference between the sleep disorder group and the normal sleep group in the level of Clock mRNA expression (P = 0.0003 in oral mucosa and P < 0.0001 in mononuclear cells). There was no significant between-group difference in Bmal1 mRNA expression level (P = 0.1187 in oral mucosa and P = 0.2094 in mononuclear cells). There were significant between-group differences in Per2 mRNA expression levels at 12:00 (P = 0.0102 in oral mucosa and P = 0.0006 in mononuclear cells) and 18:00 (P = 0.0004 in oral mucosa and P = 0.0015 in mononuclear cells) but no significant difference at 24:00 (P = 0.7838 in oral mucosa and P = 0.2808 in mononuclear cells). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal expression levels of Per2, Clock, and Bmal1 were detected in patients with TBI-related sleep disorders. These novel findings demonstrate disturbances in the molecular clock in TBI patients and have important implications for our understanding of the aberrant rhythms reported in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Zhanfeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xia Hechun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhao Zhijun
- Clinical Laboratory Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xu Hongyu
- Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Coiffard B, Diallo AB, Culver A, Mezouar S, Hammad E, Vigne C, Nicolino-Brunet C, Dignat-George F, Baumstarck K, Boucekine M, Leone M, Mege JL. Circadian Rhythm Disruption and Sepsis in Severe Trauma Patients. Shock 2019; 52:29-36. [PMID: 30074979 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythms are important regulators of immune functions. Admission to an intensive care unit may impact molecular clock activity and host response. Our objective was to assess and compare the immune circadian rhythms in trauma patients who develop and in those who do not develop sepsis. METHODS Blood samples were collected from severe trauma patients within 4 days after admission, with collections taking place every 4 h over a 24-h period. Cortisol and cytokines were measured with immunoassays. Whole-blood expression of 3 clock genes (Bmal1, Per2, and Per3) was studied by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Patients with and without sepsis were compared with the cosinor mixed model to estimate mesors, amplitudes, and acrophases. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients were enrolled in the study, and 13 developed at least 1 septic episode. The septic patients had higher levels of cortisol than the nonseptic patients (mesor at 489 nmol/L vs. 405 nmol/L, P < 0.05) and delayed acrophases (22 h vs. 15 h, P < 0.05). They also had lower lymphocyte counts (mesor at 785 vs. 1,012 cells/μL, P < 0.05), higher neutrophil counts (mesor at 7,648 vs. 7,001 cells/μL, P < 0.05), and monocyte counts (mesor at 579 vs. 473 cells/μL, P < 0.05) than the nonseptic patients. Although no amplitude difference was identified, the acrophases were significantly different between the 2 groups for lymphocytes, interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that all trauma patients had impaired circadian rhythms of cortisol, cytokines, leukocytes, and clock genes. Early circadian disruption was associated with the occurrence of sepsis and might be a marker of sepsis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Coiffard
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Aissatou B Diallo
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélien Culver
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, CHU Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Hammad
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, CHU Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Vigne
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, CHU Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Corine Nicolino-Brunet
- Service d'Hématologie, APHM, CHU La Conception, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Service d'Hématologie, APHM, CHU La Conception, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM, VRCM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Marc Leone
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, CHU Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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Bhatwadekar AD, Yan Y, Stepps V, Hazra S, Korah M, Bartelmez S, Chaqour B, Grant MB. miR-92a Corrects CD34+ Cell Dysfunction in Diabetes by Modulating Core Circadian Genes Involved in Progenitor Differentiation. Diabetes 2015; 64:4226-37. [PMID: 26283734 PMCID: PMC4876760 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autologous CD34(+) cells are widely used for vascular repair; however, in individuals with diabetes and microvascular disease these cells are dysfunctional. In this study, we examine expression of the clock genes Clock, Bmal, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2 in CD34(+) cells of diabetic and nondiabetic origin and determine the small encoding RNA (miRNA) profile of these cells. The degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was assessed. As CD34(+) cells acquired mature endothelial markers, they exhibit robust oscillations of clock genes. siRNA treatment of CD34(+) cells revealed Per2 as the only clock gene necessary to maintain the undifferentiated state of CD34(+) cells. Twenty-five miRNAs targeting clock genes were identified. Three of the miRNAs (miR-18b, miR-16, and miR-34c) were found only in diabetic progenitors. The expression of the Per2-regulatory miRNA, miR-92a, was markedly reduced in CD34(+) cells from individuals with DR compared with control subjects and patients with diabetes with no DR. Restoration of miR-92a levels in CD34(+) cells from patients with diabetes with DR reduced the inflammatory phenotype of these cells and the diabetes-induced propensity toward myeloid differentiation. Our studies suggest that restoring levels of miR-92a could enhance the usefulness of CD34(+) cells in autologous cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Sugata Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Maria Korah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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Karthikeyan R, Marimuthu G, Sooriyakumar M, BaHammam AS, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, Brown GM, Cardinali DP. Per3 length polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 18:145-9. [PMID: 25390010 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of observations support the involvement of circadian clock genes in the regulation of metabolic processes. One of these circadian genes, Per3, exhibits a variable number tandem repeat length polymorphism, consisting of two alleles, namely four and five repeat alleles, in its exon 18. The objective of this study was to examine the existence of Per3 variants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as compared to a non T2DM control group. METHODS Intravenous blood samples were collected to obtain white blood cells from 302 T2DM patients and 330 non-diabetic, age- and sex-matched, individuals. Per3 genotyping was performed on DNA by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Frequency of five repeat allele was higher, and that of four repeat allele lower, in T2DM patients as compared to non-diabetic controls (χ2=6.977, p=0.0082) CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate an association of Per3 five repeat allele with T2DM occurrence and suggest that individuals with five repeat allele may be at a greater risk for T2DM as compared to those carrying the four repeat allele.
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Cuesta M, Cermakian N, Boivin DB. Glucocorticoids entrain molecular clock components in human peripheral cells. FASEB J 2015; 29:1360-70. [PMID: 25500935 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
In humans, shift work induces a desynchronization between the circadian system and the outside world, which contributes to shift work-associated medical disorders. Using a simulated night shift experiment, we previously showed that 3 d of bright light at night fully synchronize the central clock to the inverted sleep schedule, whereas the peripheral clocks located in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) took longer to reset. This underlines the need for testing the effects of synchronizers on both the central and peripheral clocks. Glucocorticoids display circadian rhythms controlled by the central clock and are thought to act as synchronizers of rodent peripheral clocks. In the present study, we tested whether the human central and peripheral clocks were sensitive to exogenous glucocorticoids (Cortef) administered in the late afternoon. We showed that 20 mg Cortef taken orally acutely increased PER1 expression in PBMC peripheral clocks. After 6 d of Cortef administration, the phases of central markers were not affected, whereas those of PER2-3 and BMAL1 expression in PBMCs were shifted by ∼ 9.5-11.5 h. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that human peripheral clocks are entrained by glucocorticoids. Importantly, they suggest innovative interventions for shift workers and jet-lag travelers, combining synchronizing agents for the central and peripheral clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Cuesta
- *Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Cermakian
- *Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Diane B Boivin
- *Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Laboratory of Molecular Chronobiology, and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune system biology and most physiologic functions are tightly linked to circadian rhythms. Time of day-dependent variations in many biologic parameters also play a fundamental role in the disease process. We previously showed that the genes encoding the peripheral molecular clock were modulated in a sex-dependent manner in Q fever. METHODS Here, we examined severe trauma patients at admission to the intensive care unit. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the whole-blood expression of the molecular clock components ARNTL, CLOCK, and PER2 was assessed in male and female trauma patients. Healthy volunteers of both sexes were used as controls. RESULTS We observed a significant overexpression of both ARNTL and CLOCK in male trauma patients. CONCLUSION We report, for the first time, the sex-related modulation of the molecular clock genes in the blood following severe trauma. These results emphasize the role of circadian rhythms in the immune response in trauma patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Epidemiologic study, level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Mehraj
- From the Equipe Infection (V.M., C.C., M.L., J.-L.M., J.T.), Genre et Grossesse, URMITE CNRS UMR7278, INSERM U1095, Aix- Marseille Université; Service d'anesthésie et de reanimation (S.W., M.L., J.T.), Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université; and Service d'anesthésie et de reanimation (S.W.), Réanimation du centre des brûlés inter-régional de Méditerranée, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Abstract
Dysfunction of the circadian clock genes is involved in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Since gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and T2D share common genetic and phenotypic features, in the present study, we investigated the status of the circadian clock in a cohort of 40 Greek pregnant women with GDM, four with T2D and 20 normal controls. Peripheral blood mRNA transcript levels of 10 clock genes (CLOCK1, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, PER3, PPARΑ, PPARD, PPARG, CRY1 and CRY2) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. GDM patients expressed significantly lower transcript levels of BMAL1, PER3, PPARD and CRY2 compared to control women (p < 0.05). No significant difference was documented between GDM women maintained either under insulin treatment or diet. A positive correlation was found between the expression of BMAL1 versus CRY2 (r = 0.45, p = 0.003) and BMAL1 versus PPARD (r = 0.43, p = 0.004). Further investigation on the functional relevance of these clock genes, disclosed that expression of PER3 correlated negatively with HbA1C levels (r = -0.36, p = 0.022). These data document for the first time that the expression of BMAL1, PER3, PPARD and CRY2 genes is altered in GDM compared to normal pregnant women and support the notion that deranged expression of clock genes may play a pathogenic role in GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi I Pappa
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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Kavcic P, Rojc B, Dolenc-Groselj L, Claustrat B, Fujs K, Poljak M. The impact of sleep deprivation and nighttime light exposure on clock gene expression in humans. Croat Med J 2011; 52:594-603. [PMID: 21990077 PMCID: PMC3195968 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of acute sleep deprivation under light conditions on the expression of two key clock genes, hPer2 and hBmal1, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and on plasma melatonin and cortisol levels. METHODS Blood samples were drawn from 6 healthy individuals at 4-hour intervals for three consecutive nights, including a night of total sleep deprivation (second night). The study was conducted in April-June 2006 at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana. RESULTS We found a significant diurnal variation in hPer2 and hBmal1 expression levels under baseline (P<0.001, F=19.7, df=30 for hPer2 and P<0.001, F=17.6, df=30 for hBmal1) and sleep-deprived conditions (P<0.001, F=9.2, df=30 for hPer2 and P<0.001, F=13.2, df=30 for hBmal1). Statistical analysis with the single cosinor method revealed circadian variation of hPer2 under baseline and of hBmal1 under baseline and sleep-deprived conditions. The peak expression of hPer2 was at 13:55 ± 1:15 hours under baseline conditions and of hBmal1 at 16:08 ± 1:18 hours under baseline and at 17:13 ± 1:35 hours under sleep-deprived conditions. Individual cosinor analysis of hPer2 revealed a loss of circadian rhythm in 3 participants and a phase shift in 2 participants under sleep-deprived conditions. The plasma melatonin and cortisol rhythms confirmed a conventional alignment of the central circadian pacemaker to the habitual sleep/wake schedule. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that 40-hour acute sleep deprivation under light conditions may affect the expression of hPer2 in PBMCs..
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kavcic
- 1Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, Division of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing number of clinical studies that revealed a variety of behavioral and physiological desynchronies in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, these desynchronies have not been defined at the molecular level. METHODS Using real-time RT-PCR assay, we analyzed the expression profiles of two principle clock genes, PER1 and BMAL1, in total leukocytes for 12 h during the evening, overnight and morning in subjects with PD and age/sex-matched healthy controls. RESULTS A difference in the expression pattern of BMAL1 but not PER1 was apparent during the dark span, where the relative abundance of BMAL1 was significantly lower in PD patients versus control subjects at 21:00, 00:00 and 06:00 h. Furthermore, expression levels of BMAL1 in PD patients correlated with their United Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score at 06:00, 09:00 h, and with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score at 06:00 h. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a peripheral molecular clock, as reflected in the dampened expression of the clock genes BMAL1 in total leukocytes, is altered in PD patients. In addition, the relative BMAL1 levels correlate positively with PD severity, which could provide a molecular basis to help monitor disease progression and response to investigational drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cai
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Ando H, Ushijima K, Kumazaki M, Takamura T, Yokota N, Saito T, Irie S, Kaneko S, Fujimura A. Influence of age on clock gene expression in peripheral blood cells of healthy women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:9-13. [PMID: 19861640 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a close relationship between circadian clock function and the development of obesity and various age-related diseases. In this study, we investigated whether messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of clock genes are associated with age, body mass index, blood pressures, fasting plasma glucose, or shift work. Peripheral blood cells were obtained from 70 healthy women, including 25 shift workers, at approximately 9:00 AM. Transcript levels of clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, and PER3) were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Stepwise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that BMAL1 mRNA levels were correlated only with age (beta = -.50, p < .001). In contrast, PER3 levels were correlated with fasting plasma glucose (beta = -.29, p < .05) and shift work (beta = .31, p < .05). These results suggest that increased age, glucose intolerance, and irregular hours independently affect the intracellular clock in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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