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Stickler K, Morrone B, Brown A, Franks AM, Johnson P, Lacmichanne R, Rupp D. Analysis of a Division I Sports Medicine Program's COVID-19 Protocol: Identifying Factors that Predict Testing Demands and Positive Rates During a Pandemic. Clin J Sport Med 2024; 34:135-143. [PMID: 37432329 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine factors indicating testing frequency and positive test results in a Division I sports department intrapandemic. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING A single Division I collegiate sports department. PATIENTS All student-athlete (n = 437), student staff (n = 89), and adult staff (n = 202) members of the sports department. Total cohort (n = 728). INTERVENTIONS The authors analyzed the independent variables of local positive rates, sport characteristics, and campus events for impact on the volume of the departmental testing and positive rates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measured dependent variables of the volume of departmental testing and positive rates were analyzed. RESULTS Positive predictive rates (PPRs) largely differed from local, off-campus rates in timing and duration (59.52%: P < 0.05). Overall, 20633 tests were administered with 201 positive results (0.97% PPR). Student-athlete numbers were highest in all categories, followed by adult then student staff. Greater proportions of contact sports became positive (53.03%: P < 0.001) and all-male sports (47.69%: P < 0.001). No comparative difference was seen for teams using fomites (19.15%: P = 0.403). Spring sports teams had the lowest percentage of the team positive (22.22%: P < 0.001). Winter sports had the highest PPR (1.15%), all occurring during team-controlled activities. Playing sports indoors did not increase inside team-controlled activity positive rates ( P = 0.066). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal changes in local, off-campus infection rates partially affected sports departmental positive results while testing rates were more influenced by sport and university schedule. Testing resources should be directed toward high-risk sports, which included contact sports (football, basketball, and soccer), all-male teams, both Winter and indoor sports inside team-controlled activities, and sports with long periods of time outside team-controlled activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Stickler
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards SOM at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Blass Morrone
- Joan C. Edwards SOM at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Andrew Brown
- Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards SOM at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and
| | - Adam M Franks
- Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards SOM at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and
| | - Paris Johnson
- Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards SOM at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia; and
| | - Rajan Lacmichanne
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards SOM at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - David Rupp
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family and Community Health, Joan C. Edwards SOM at Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
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Hollabaugh WL, Jeckell AS, Diamond AB. Name, Image, and Likeness and the Health of the Young Athlete: A Call to Action for Sports Medicine Providers and the Athletic Healthcare Network. Sports Health 2024; 16:209-212. [PMID: 37982455 PMCID: PMC10916771 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231212645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In June 2021, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) adopted a new policy allowing NCAA athletes the opportunity to benefit and profit from their name, image, and likeness (NIL). Several state high-school associations have established policies to guide their members and students through the new era of NIL. While the potential benefits cannot be ignored, NIL presents novel responsibilities and stressors to athletes. This paper will review the paucity of literature on the effect of NIL on youth athletes and bring attention to mental health, well-being, or academic performance impacted by NIL. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Articles were identified through Google and PubMed search starting from NIL policy approval (June 30, 2021). Search terms included "name, image and likeness" and "NIL." STUDY DESIGN Clinical commentary. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 5. RESULTS Although 1 article was identified through PubMed search and numerous articles were identified through Google search, no articles directly evaluated the effects of NIL on the mental health, well-being, or academic performance of youth athletes. CONCLUSION It is critical for sports medicine providers and other members of the athletic healthcare network to familiarize themselves with these emerging topics to best serve their patients and communities. The athletic healthcare network must be prepared to address possible NIL-related health ramifications for our patients and their families and help them navigate a confusing and predatory landscape. We must provide resources to youth athletes to minimize the risks associated with NIL involvement and related activities, and to ensure that athletes with NIL contracts are able to balance their academic and athletic responsibilities. Fostering strong relationships between stakeholders and sports medicine staff is paramount to creating an environment that permits honest discussions about NIL and the health of athletes from youth to adulthood. STRENGTH-OF-RECOMMENDATION TAXONOMY N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Hollabaugh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Youth Sports Health Center, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aaron S Jeckell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Youth Sports Health Center, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alex B Diamond
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Youth Sports Health Center, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
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McCann RS, Welch Bacon CE, Suttmiller AMB, Gribble PA, Cavallario JM. Assessments Used by Athletic Trainers to Decide Return-to-Activity Readiness in Patients With an Ankle Sprain. J Athl Train 2024; 59:182-200. [PMID: 35622952 PMCID: PMC10895399 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0037.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Athletic trainers (ATs) often care for patients with ankle sprains. Expert consensus has been established for rehabilitation-oriented assessments (ROASTs) that should be included in ankle-sprain evaluations. However, the methods ATs use to determine return-to-activity readiness after an ankle sprain are unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify ATs' methods for determining patients' return-to-activity readiness after an ankle sprain and demographic characteristics of the ATs and their methods. SETTING Online survey. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS We recruited 10 000 clinically practicing ATs. A total of 676 accessed the survey, 574 submitted responses (85% completion rate), and 541 respondents met the inclusion criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We distributed an online survey to ATs that asked about their assessment of pain, swelling, range of motion, arthrokinematics, strength, balance, gait, functional capacity, physical activity level, and patient-reported outcomes in deciding return to activity. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize participant demographics and frequencies of the assessment measures used by ATs. Chi-square analysis was conducted to identify relationships between the demographics and assessment selection. RESULTS Pain, swelling, range of motion, strength, balance, gait, and functional capacity were assessed by 76.2% to 96.7% of ATs. Arthrokinematics, physical activity level, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed by 25.3% to 35.1% of participants. When selecting specific assessment methods, ATs often did not use recommended ROASTs. Athletic trainers with higher degrees, completion of more advanced educational programs, employment in nontraditional settings, more clinical experience, and familiarity with expert consensus recommendations were more likely to use ROASTs. CONCLUSIONS Before approving return to activity for patients with ankle sprains, ATs did not use some recommended outcomes and assessment methods. Practice in nontraditional settings, more advanced degrees, more clinical experience, and familiarity with expert consensus guidelines appeared to facilitate the use of ROASTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. McCann
- Rehabilitation Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Cailee E. Welch Bacon
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Arizona School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa
| | | | - Phillip A. Gribble
- Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Schneider S, Niederberger M, Kurowski L, Bade L. How can outdoor sports protect themselves against climate change-related health risks? - A prevention model based on an expert Delphi study. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:37-44. [PMID: 38007294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically develop an adaptation model to reduce climate change-related health risks for outdoor athletes. DESIGN Delphi Method study. METHODS A classic asynchronous Delphi study was conducted with a total of three survey rounds. 24 experts from the eight largest outdoor sport associations by membership in the German Olympic Sports Confederation were included as well as 24 medical experts with expertise in sport medicine, internal medicine, allergology, dermatology, infectiology, or toxicology. Based on open-ended questions, panelists were asked to consider prevention measures for sport organizations and clubs. Free text responses were analyzed by qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. RESULTS Experts recommended establishing the following eight fields of prevention measures: technical and structural measures; organizational measures; personalized measures; basic, advanced, and continuing education; concepts of action, warning concepts, and financial concepts; cooperation and coordination; campaigns; and evaluation measures. CONCLUSIONS The pyramid model presented in this study systematizes possible sport-specific adaptation measures on climate change by empirical aggregation of knowledge from scientists, sport organizations, clubs, trainers, and professional athletes. To assess the effectiveness of these prevention measures, sport organizations may incorporate them not only into broader operations but also everyday training routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schneider
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Division of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Marlen Niederberger
- Department of Research Methods in Health Promotion and Prevention, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Luke Kurowski
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Division of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Luisa Bade
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Division of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Pujalte GGA, Malone M, Mandavalli A, Phrathep DD, Shah NP, Perlman AI. Acupuncture in Sports Medicine. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2023; 16:239-247. [PMID: 38115589 DOI: 10.51507/j.jams.2023.16.6.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture is gaining popularity and wider acceptance as a treatment modality within the field of sports medicine. Our objective was to provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature pertaining to acupuncture in sports medicine to shed light on approaches utilized in acupuncture while revealing its personalized nature and its impact on athletes' preparation, performance, and recovery. We evaluated acupuncture research in the context of medicine and sports-related injury treatment, assessing its impact on athletic performance across demographics of athletes. Athletes participating in most sports have shown positive outcomes from acupuncture interventions. Acupuncture improves peak oxygen levels, maximum heart rate, delayed-onset muscle soreness, pain, swelling, explosive force production, and joint mobility. Furthermore, the efficacy of acupuncture appears to be similar regardless of age and sex. Lastly, the acceptance of acupuncture is influenced by cultural factors, with Western and traditional East Asian cultures exhibiting distinct perspectives on its rationale and mechanisms of action. Traditional East Asian acupuncturists typically employ qi and meridian theories in their acupuncture practices, with the recent incorporation of Western concepts. Acupuncture shows promise as an effective treatment for musculoskeletal pain and neuropathies in athletes across different age groups and for addressing injuries in various sports. Our comprehensive review will enhance our understanding of acupuncture's potential as a complementary or distinct therapeutic approach compared to conventional therapies. Additionally, our review explores its specific applications within different sports and delves into the cultural dimensions involved in integrating this practice into modern sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G A Pujalte
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Malone
- Department of Family Medicine, Tidelands Health Family Medicine, Myrtle Beach, SC, USA
| | - Akhil Mandavalli
- Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Neil P Shah
- Family Medicine Residency Program, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Adam I Perlman
- Division of Integrative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Fortington LV, Badenhorst M, Bolling C, Derman W, Emery CA, Pasanen K, Schwellnus M, Verhagen E, Finch Ao CF. Are we levelling the playing field? A qualitative case study of the awareness, uptake and relevance of the IOC consensus statements in two countries. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1371-1381. [PMID: 36725283 PMCID: PMC10646857 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research evidence is commonly compiled into expert-informed consensus guidelines intended to consolidate and distribute sports medicine knowledge. Between 2003 and 2018, 27 International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statements were produced. This study explored the policy and practice impact of the IOC Statements on athlete health and medical team management in two economically and contextually diverse countries. METHODS A qualitative case study design was adopted. Fourteen face-to-face interviews were conducted with purposively selected interviewees, seven participants from Australia (higher economic equality) and seven from South Africa (lower economic equality), representing their national medical commissions (doctors and physiotherapists of Olympic, Paralympic and Youth teams). A framework method was used to analyse interview transcripts and identify key themes. RESULTS Differences across resource settings were found, particularly in the perceived usefulness of the IOC Statements and their accessibility. Both settings were unsure about the purpose of the IOC Statements and their intended audience. However, both valued the existence of evidence-informed guidelines. In the Australian setting, there was less reliance on the resources developed by the IOC, preferring to use locally contextualised documents that are readily available. CONCLUSION The IOC Statements are valuable evidence-informed resources that support translation of knowledge into clinical sports medicine practice. However, to be fully effective, they must be perceived as useful and relevant and should reach their target audiences with ready access. This study showed different contexts require different resources, levels of support and dissemination approaches. Future development and dissemination of IOC Statements should consider the perspectives and the diversity of contexts they are intended for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Fortington
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Australia
| | - Marelise Badenhorst
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM) Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, IOC Research Centre, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wayne Derman
- Dept of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caroline F Finch Ao
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Kunze KN, Madjarova S, Jayakumar P, Nwachukwu BU. Challenges and Opportunities for the Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopaedic Pediatric and Sports Medicine Surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:e898-e905. [PMID: 37279168 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential tools in assessing treatment response, informing clinical decision making, driving healthcare policy, and providing important prognostic data regarding patient health status change. These tools become essential in orthopaedic disciplines, such as pediatrics and sports medicine, given the diversity of patient populations and procedures. However, the creation and routine administration of standard PROMs alone do not suffice to appropriately facilitate the aforementioned functions. Indeed, both the interpretation and optimal application of PROMs are essential to provide to achieve greatest clinical benefit. Contemporary developments and technologies surrounding PROMs may help augment this benefit, including the application of artificial intelligence, novel PROM structure with improved interpretability and validity, and PROM delivery methods that provide increased access to patients resulting in greater compliance and data acquisition yields. Despite these exciting innovations, several challenges remain in this realm that must be addressed to continue to advance the clinical usefulness and subsequent benefit of PROMs. This review will highlight the opportunities and challenges surrounding contemporary PROM use in the orthopaedic subspecialties of pediatrics and sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle N Kunze
- From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY (Kunze, Madjarova, and Nwachukwu), Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX (Dr. Jayakumar)
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Bullock GS, Ward P, Impellizzeri FM, Kluzek S, Hughes T, Dhiman P, Riley RD, Collins GS. The Trade Secret Taboo: Open Science Methods are Required to Improve Prediction Models in Sports Medicine and Performance. Sports Med 2023; 53:1841-1849. [PMID: 37160562 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01849-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Clinical prediction models in sports medicine that utilize regression or machine learning techniques have become more widely published, used, and disseminated. However, these models are typically characterized by poor methodology and incomplete reporting, and an inadequate evaluation of performance, leading to unreliable predictions and weak clinical utility within their intended sport population. Before implementation in practice, models require a thorough evaluation. Strong replicable methods and transparency reporting allow practitioners and researchers to make independent judgments as to the model's validity, performance, clinical usefulness, and confidence it will do no harm. However, this is not reflected in the sports medicine literature. As shown in a recent systematic review of models for predicting sports injury models, most were typically characterized by poor methodology, incomplete reporting, and inadequate performance evaluation. Because of constraints imposed by data from individual teams, the development of accurate, reliable, and useful models is highly reliant on external validation. However, a barrier to collaboration is a desire to maintain a competitive advantage; a team's proprietary information is often perceived as high value, and so these 'trade secrets' are frequently guarded. These 'trade secrets' also apply to commercially available models, as developers are unwilling to share proprietary (and potentially profitable) development and validation information. In this Current Opinion, we: (1) argue that open science is essential for improving sport prediction models and (2) critically examine sport prediction models for open science practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett S Bullock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 475 Vine St., Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Franco M Impellizzeri
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefan Kluzek
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sports Medicine Research Department, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- English Institute of Sport, Bisham Abbey, UK
| | - Tom Hughes
- Manchester United Football Club, Manchester, UK
- Department of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Paula Dhiman
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard D Riley
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Gary S Collins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Moore IS, Crossley KM, Bo K, Mountjoy M, Ackerman KE, Antero JDS, Sundgot Borgen J, Brown WJ, Bolling CS, Clarsen B, Derman W, Dijkstra P, Donaldson A, Elliott-Sale KJ, Emery CA, Haakstad L, Junge A, Mkumbuzi NS, Nimphius S, Palmer D, van Poppel M, Thornton JS, Tomás R, Zondi PC, Verhagen E. Female athlete health domains: a supplement to the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on methods for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1164-1174. [PMID: 37349084 PMCID: PMC10579182 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The IOC made recommendations for recording and reporting epidemiological data on injuries and illness in sports in 2020, but with little, if any, focus on female athletes. Therefore, the aims of this supplement to the IOC consensus statement are to (i) propose a taxonomy for categorisation of female athlete health problems across the lifespan; (ii) make recommendations for data capture to inform consistent recording and reporting of symptoms, injuries, illnesses and other health outcomes in sports injury epidemiology and (iii) make recommendations for specifications when applying the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS) to female athlete health data.In May 2021, five researchers and clinicians with expertise in sports medicine, epidemiology and female athlete health convened to form a consensus working group, which identified key themes. Twenty additional experts were invited and an iterative process involving all authors was then used to extend the IOC consensus statement, to include issues which affect female athletes.Ten domains of female health for categorising health problems according to biological, life stage or environmental factors that affect females in sport were identified: menstrual and gynaecological health; preconception and assisted reproduction; pregnancy; postpartum; menopause; breast health; pelvic floor health; breast feeding, parenting and caregiving; mental health and sport environments.This paper extends the IOC consensus statement to include 10 domains of female health, which may affect female athletes across the lifespan, from adolescence through young adulthood, to mid-age and older age. Our recommendations for data capture relating to female athlete population characteristics, and injuries, illnesses and other health consequences, will improve the quality of epidemiological studies, to inform better injury and illness prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel S Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Sports Medicine Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kari Bo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Family Medicine, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn E Ackerman
- Wu Tsai Female Athlete Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy J Brown
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caroline S Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Medical Education Department, Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Amber Donaldson
- Department of Sports Medicine, United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
- U.S Coalition for the Prevention of Illness and Injury in Sport, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology and Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lene Haakstad
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Junge
- Family Medicine, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nonhlanhla S Mkumbuzi
- NtombiSport, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Midlands State University, Gweru, Midlands, Zimbabwe
- Department of Sports, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Human Movement Science, Nelson Mandela University, Qheberha, South Africa
| | - Sophia Nimphius
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Human Performance, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Debbie Palmer
- Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network, Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mireille van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jane S Thornton
- Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Fowler Kennedy Sports Medicine Clinic, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita Tomás
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Phathokuhle C Zondi
- High Performance Commission, Medical Advisory Committee, South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee, Salt Rock, South Africa
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Colbenson K, Raukar NP. A Structured Approach to the Collapsed Athlete: The First Minute Matters. Curr Sports Med Rep 2023; 22:273-275. [PMID: 37549210 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
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Jones E, Martin P, Barr M, Soundy A, Heneghan NR. "Knowing the Noise That Surrounds the Athlete": A Qualitative Study Exploring the Health-Seeking Behaviors of Athletes With Limb Deficiency Drawing on the Experiences and Perceptions of the Medical Staff and Athletes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 102:738-745. [PMID: 35703201 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000002065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to explore the health-seeking behaviors of athletes with limb deficiency, drawing on the experiences and perception of the sports medicine team and athletes. DESIGN The study used an interpretive hermeneutic phenomenological methodology with a subtle realist paradigmatic view to investigate commonality in unique experiences within reality. Data collection was completed with two focus groups in December 2019 and March 2020. Thirteen participants took part including athletes and sports medicine team members (physiotherapists, doctors, and strength and conditioning coaches) working in parasports. Focus group manuscripts were transcribed verbatim from audio recordings. An inductive, iterative process was used to identify themes and subthemes, with processes in place to establish rigor. RESULTS Two themes and five subthemes emerged in relation to the "internalization and adjustment to social identity" and "the importance and impact of factors, which impact the athlete social identity." CONCLUSIONS Health-seeking behaviors of athletes with limb deficiency were influenced by a unique blend of personal and environmental factors that contribute toward social identity. The sports medicine team require specific awareness of factors that may diminish health-seeking behaviors to deliver a personalized approach and negate consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jones
- From the English Institute of Sport, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Newport, United Kingdom (EJ); School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom (EJ, AS, NRH); English Institute of Sport, London, United Kingdom (PM); and English Institute of Sport, Sheffield, United Kingdom (MB)
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Ackermann BJ, Guptill C, Miller C, Dick R, McCrary JM. Assessing Performing Artists in Medical and Health Practice - The Dancers, Instrumentalists, Vocalists, and Actors Screening Protocol. Curr Sports Med Rep 2022; 21:460-462. [PMID: 36508603 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000001022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Training in the performing arts exposes individuals to often extreme physical and psychological demands, which are linked to high occupational injury rates. The intense demands of performing artists have been likened to those of sport athletes. However, distinct differences in these demands necessitate specialized approaches to the health care of performing artists. Through the Athletes and the Arts collaboration, the American College of Sports Medicine and Performing Arts Medicine Association identified that the creation of a specialized preparticipation screening tool for performing artists would likely enhance health care for performing artists significantly. Based on a thorough review of established assessments and an extensive consultation process with domain experts, a consensus best-practice screening tool was developed: the Dancer, Instrumentalist, Vocalist, Actor (DIVA) Preparticipation Screening. This screening tool is modeled on the athletic preparticipation examination (PPE) in its structure and 30-min target duration. However, DIVA diverges considerably from the PPE in its content to address the specific risks and needs of performing artists. In particular, screening questions and physical examination procedures focus strongly on musculoskeletal injuries and mental health conditions, in response to the preponderance and interactions of these conditions appearing in performing artists. The DIVA tool presented is intended as a "living tool," which can be modified in the future to include new effective assessment techniques as appropriate. Training in the DIVA preparticipation physical examination is included as a core component of the essentials of performing arts medicine continuing education course described in detail in a companion manuscript in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Guptill
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Randall Dick
- Health and Safety Sports Consultants, LLC, Carmel, IN
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McLarnon M, Boyce SH, Fisher N, Heron N. 'It's All Downhill from Here': A Scoping Review of Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) Protocols in Downhill Mountain Biking (DHI), with Recommendations for SRC Policy in Professional DMB. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12281. [PMID: 36231582 PMCID: PMC9566347 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Downhill mountain biking (DHI) is a form of cycling and does not currently have a specific sports-related concussion (SRC) assessment. OBJECTIVE To review the extent, range and nature of research investigating SRC in DMB, provide a summary of key literature findings relating to its identification and management, and then develop a SRC protocol specific to DMB. DESIGN Scoping review as per recognised methods. SETTING Literature-based. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science, with no restrictions on date. Results were limited to the English language. PARTICIPANTS Six articles were included in the review from 64 identified articles. The article had to specifically include an analysis of adult downhill riders for inclusion. OUTCOME MEASURES Study type, study group (amateur/professional), concussion incidence, concussion assessment and recommendations. MAIN RESULTS Concussion incidence was identified as between 5-23%. No study outlined a trackside assessment of cyclists or a protocol for return to play where SRC was identified. Several authors identified that riders often continued to participate despite the presence of a concussion. No sport-specific SRC assessment was determined for DHI, and a SRC assessment was therefore developed. CONCLUSIONS This review illustrates the lack of studies and formal protocol in SRC assessment for DHI. In light of this, we propose a three-stage framework specific to the sport to best identify a concussion and act where appropriate while minimising disruption to competition. This framework involves assessing the cyclist on the 'sideline', a second assessment post-event in the medical room and a third assessment the following day. A SRC consensus meeting specific for DHI is suggested with an identified need for updated guidance from UCI, requiring possible rule changes for the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen H. Boyce
- Emergency Department, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
- Scottish Institute of Sport, Stirling FK9 5PH, UK
| | - Neil Fisher
- UK Athletics, Birmingham B42 2BE, UK
- British Cycling, Manchester M11 4DQ, UK
| | - Neil Heron
- British Cycling, Manchester M11 4DQ, UK
- Centre for Public Health Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
- Department of General Practice, Keele University, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK
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Cavarretta E, Pingitore A, Della Porta S, Capitani R, Bernardi M, Sciarra L, Saglietto A, Versaci F, Autore C, Perroni F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Frati G, Peruzzi M. Accuracy of the "International Criteria" for ECG screening in athletes in comparison with previous published criteria: rationale and design of a diagnostic meta-analysis. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2022; 70:484-490. [PMID: 32996310 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of the International Criteria for ECG interpretation in athletes has further improved the diagnostic accuracy of the 12-lead ECG use for preparticipation screening (PPS); moreover, these criteria have been evaluated in different populations of athletes and settings proving good results. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the use of the International Criteria for ECG interpretation in athletes, stemming from a systematic review to diagnostic meta-analysis, limiting our inclusion only to observational studies to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ECG for detecting cardiac anomalies related to sudden cardiac death in athletes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS This meta-analysis is expected to include several important studies related to PPS on different populations of athletes comparing different ECG criteria and detail important data on the diagnostic accuracy of ECG in PPS. Furthermore, we intend to highlight the advantage of using ECG in PPS. CONCLUSIONS The present diagnostic meta-analysis results will aid sports medicine physicians and cardiologist in adhering to the most accurate criteria for ECG evaluation in athletes and it may help to solve controversies aroused regarding the excess cost of ECG in PPS related to the amount of false positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy -
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy -
| | | | | | - Riccardo Capitani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Sciarra
- Division of Cardiology, Casilino Polyclinic, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Saglietto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Città della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Autore
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Perroni
- Section of Exercise and Health Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
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Robinson M, Johnson AM, Fischer LK, MacKenzie HM. Two Symptoms to Triage Acute Concussions: Using Decision Tree Modeling to Predict Prolonged Recovery After a Concussion. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 101:135-138. [PMID: 35026775 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the 22 variables from the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool's 5th Edition Symptom Evaluation using a decision tree analysis to identify those most likely to predict prolonged recovery after a sport-related concussion. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was used in this study. A total of 273 patients (52% men; mean age, 21 ± 7.6 yrs) initially assessed by either an emergency medicine or sport medicine physician within 14 days of concussion (mean, 6 ± 4 days) were included. The 22 symptoms from the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool's 5th Edition were included in a decision tree analysis performed using RStudio and the R package rpart. The decision tree was generated using a complexity parameter of 0.045, post hoc pruning was conducted with rpart, and the package carat was used to assess the final decision tree's accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Of the 22 variables, only 2 contributed toward the predictive splits: Feeling like "in a fog" and Sadness. The confusion matrix yielded a statistically significant accuracy of 0.7636 (P [accuracy > no information rate] = 0.00009678), sensitivity of 0.6429, specificity of 0.8889, positive predictive value of 0.8571, and negative predictive value of 0.7059. CONCLUSIONS Decision tree analysis yielded a statistically significant decision tree model that can be used clinically to identify patients at initial presentation who are at a higher risk of having prolonged symptoms lasting 28 days or more postconcussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Robinson
- From the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario (MR, AMJ, LKF, HMM); Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, London, Ontario (MR, LKF); University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (LKF); and Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Ontario, Canada (HMM)
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Sayegh ET, Matzkin E. Classifications in Brief: The International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery, and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Classification of Meniscal Tears. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2022; 480:39-44. [PMID: 34424220 PMCID: PMC8673961 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eli T. Sayegh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Matzkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Dixon BC, Fischer RSB, Zhao H, O’Neal CS, Clugston JR, Gibbs SG. Contact and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among College Football Athletes in the Southeastern Conference During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2135566. [PMID: 34714347 PMCID: PMC8556620 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study of college football players in a single athletic conference examines the association of close contact events among players on opposing teams and subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benika C. Dixon
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Rebecca S. B. Fischer
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | - Catherine S. O’Neal
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge
| | - James R. Clugston
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine and Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Shawn G. Gibbs
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station
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Colbenson K, Asplund CA, Raukar N. Adaptations to Protect Sideline Providers as They Respond to Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sars-CoV-2. Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 20:540-544. [PMID: 34622819 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has dramatically changed the sports landscape, compelling sports medical providers to adapt to evolving scientific discoveries and adopt ever-changing guidelines that protect our athletes, ourselves, and our staff. To best serve our athletes, providers need to be proactive and anticipate potential complications in providing care for athletes as athletic events resume.
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Singh L, Anyaneji UJ, Ndifon W, Turok N, Mattison SA, Lessells R, Sinayskiy I, San EJ, Tegally H, Barnett S, Lorimer T, Petruccione F, de Oliveira T. Implementation of an efficient SARS-CoV-2 specimen pooling strategy for high throughput diagnostic testing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17793. [PMID: 34493744 PMCID: PMC8423848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid identification and isolation of infected individuals remains a key strategy for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Frequent testing of populations to detect infection early in asymptomatic or presymptomatic individuals can be a powerful tool for intercepting transmission, especially when the viral prevalence is low. However, RT-PCR testing-the gold standard of SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis-is expensive, making regular testing of every individual unfeasible. Sample pooling is one approach to lowering costs. By combining samples and testing them in groups the number of tests required is reduced, substantially lowering costs. Here we report on the implementation of pooling strategies using 3-d and 4-d hypercubes to test a professional sports team in South Africa. We have shown that infected samples can be reliably detected in groups of 27 and 81, with minimal loss of assay sensitivity for samples with individual Ct values of up to 32. We report on the automation of sample pooling, using a liquid-handling robot and an automated web interface to identify positive samples. We conclude that hypercube pooling allows for the reliable RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, at significantly lower costs than lateral flow antigen (LFA) tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Singh
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Ugochukwu J Anyaneji
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Wilfred Ndifon
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, The Next Einstein Initiative, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Neil Turok
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stacey A Mattison
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Richard Lessells
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ilya Sinayskiy
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Westville, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel J San
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Houriiyah Tegally
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Shaun Barnett
- Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Trevor Lorimer
- Discipline of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Francesco Petruccione
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Westville, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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20
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Frank RM, Bradsell H, Thompson SR. What's New in Sports Medicine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2021; 103:653-659. [PMID: 33849047 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Frank
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.M.F.), University of Colorado School of Medicine (R.M.F. and H.B.) , Aurora , Colorado
| | - Hannah Bradsell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (R.M.F.), University of Colorado School of Medicine (R.M.F. and H.B.) , Aurora , Colorado
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Diamond AB, Narducci DM, Roberts WO, Bernhardt DT, LaBella CR, Moffatt KA, Nuti R, Powell AP, Rooks YL, Zaremski JL. Interim Guidance on the Preparticipation Physical Examination for Athletes During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:1-6. [PMID: 33038090 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) convened a writing group to address the current evidence and knowledge gaps regarding preparticipation evaluation of athletes during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. The writing group held a series of meetings beginning in April 2020. The task force reviewed the available literature and used an iterative process and expert consensus to finalize this guidance statement that is intended to provide clinicians with a clinical framework to return athletes of all levels to training and competition during the pandemic. The statement is not intended to address treatment, infection control principles, or public health issues related to SARS-CoV2. The AMSSM task force acknowledges the clinical uncertainty, evolving public health objectives, and the limited data currently available to create this guidance statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Diamond
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dusty Marie Narducci
- Departments of Family Medicine & Orthopedics, University of South Florida Health, Tampa, Florida
| | - William O Roberts
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David T Bernhardt
- Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopedics/Rehab, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cynthia R LaBella
- Department of Orthopedics and Pediatrics, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kody A Moffatt
- Departments of Orthopedics and Pediatrics, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Rathna Nuti
- Private practice, SPORT Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amy P Powell
- Department of Orthopedics and Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yvette L Rooks
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and
| | - Jason L Zaremski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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Rojas-Valverde D, Pino-Ortega J, Gómez-Carmona CD, Rico-González M. A Systematic Review of Methods and Criteria Standard Proposal for the Use of Principal Component Analysis in Team's Sports Science. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17238712. [PMID: 33255212 PMCID: PMC7727687 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The availability of critical information about training and competition is fundamental on performance. Principal components analysis (PCA) is widely used in sports as a multivariate technique to manage big data from different technological assessments. This systematic review aimed to explore the methods reported and statistical criteria used in team's sports science and to propose a criteria standard to report PCA in further applications. A systematic electronic search was developed through four electronic databases and a total of 45 studies were included in the review for final analysis. Inclusion criteria: (i) of the studies we looked at, 22.22% performed factorability processes with different retention criteria (r > 0.4-0.7); (ii) 21 studies confirmed sample adequacy using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkim (KMO > 5-8) and 22 reported Bartlett's sphericity; (iii) factor retention was considered if eigenvalues >1-1.5 (n = 29); (iv) 23 studies reported loading retention (>0.4-0.7); and (v) used VariMax as the rotation method (48.9%). A lack of consistency and serious voids in reporting of essential methodological information was found. Twenty-one items were selected to provide a standard quality criterion to report methods sections when using PCA. These evidence-based criteria will lead to a better understanding and applicability of the results and future study replications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Salud y Deporte (CIDISAD), Escuela de Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI), Universidad Nacional, Heredia 86-3000, Costa Rica
- Grupo de Avances en el Entrenamiento Deportivo y Acondicionamiento Físico (GAEDAF), Facultad Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, International Excellence Campus “Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
| | - Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona
- Research Group in Optimization of Training and Sports Performance (GOERD), Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, Sports Science Faculty, University of Extremadura, 10071 Caceres, Spain;
| | - Markel Rico-González
- Biovetmed & Sportsci Research Group, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Departament of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.-V.); (J.P.-O.); or (M.R.-G.)
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Carmody S, Ahmad I, Gouttebarge V, Malhotra A, Glover D, Massey A. Infographic. Football-specific strategies to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1362-1364. [PMID: 32788295 PMCID: PMC7421724 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Carmody
- Medical Department, Queens Park Rangers FC, London, UK
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad
- Medical Department, Queens Park Rangers FC, London, UK
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Football Players Worlwide, FIFPro, Hoofddorp, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aneil Malhotra
- University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Danny Glover
- Medical Department, Burnley Football Club, Burnley, United Kingdom
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Areta JL, Taylor HL, Koehler K. Low energy availability: history, definition and evidence of its endocrine, metabolic and physiological effects in prospective studies in females and males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 121:1-21. [PMID: 33095376 PMCID: PMC7815551 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Energy availability (EA) is defined as the amount of dietary energy available to sustain physiological function after subtracting the energetic cost of exercise. Insufficient EA due to increased exercise, reduced energy intake, or a combination of both, is a potent disruptor of the endocrine milieu. As such, EA is conceived as a key etiological factor underlying a plethora of physiological dysregulations described in the female athlete triad, its male counterpart and the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport models. Originally developed upon female-specific physiological responses, this concept has recently been extended to males, where experimental evidence is limited. The majority of data for all these models are from cross-sectional or observational studies where hypothesized chronic low energy availability (LEA) is linked to physiological maladaptation. However, the body of evidence determining causal effects of LEA on endocrine, and physiological function through prospective studies manipulating EA is comparatively small, with interventions typically lasting ≤ 5 days. Extending laboratory-based findings to the field requires recognition of the strengths and limitations of current knowledge. To aid this, this review will: (1) provide a brief historical overview of the origin of the concept in mammalian ecology through its evolution of algebraic calculations used in humans today, (2) Outline key differences from the ‘energy balance’ concept, (3) summarise and critically evaluate the effects of LEA on tissues/systems for which we now have evidence, namely: hormonal milieu, reproductive system endocrinology, bone metabolism and skeletal muscle; and finally (4) provide perspectives and suggestions for research upon identified knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Areta
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Harry L Taylor
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom St Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Apple RW, Stran BM, Tross B. Psychologists' Role in Concussion Assessments for Children and Adolescents in Pediatric Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17207549. [PMID: 33080778 PMCID: PMC7589585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 1.1 to 1.9 million children and adolescents in the United States are treated for a sports- or recreationally-related concussion each year. The importance of formalized assessment and measurement of concussion symptoms has been widely recognized as a component of best-practice treatment. The present paper reviews a sample of the most commonly used measures of concussion symptomology and explores psychologists' role in their application in a pediatric practice. In addition, other issues such as accessibility and the appropriateness of application with child and adolescent patients are discussed. Literature is reviewed from journals pertaining to pediatric and adolescent medicine, sports medicine, neuropsychology, and testing and measurement.
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Kent JB, Tanabe KO, Muthusubramanian A, Statuta SM, MacKnight JM. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Prescribing Practices Among Sports Medicine Providers. Altern Ther Health Med 2020; 26:28-32. [PMID: 32663181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The drive for a quick return to sport after injury can be great. Athletes look to their sports medicine provider for guidance on a speedy and effective recovery. The sports medicine physician has a number of different treatment options to consider when they turn to their medical armamentarium. One of those treatment choices is complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Unfortunately, there is limited evidence for many of the CAM modalities. Furthermore, CAM prescribing practices among sports medicine physicians is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the prescribing practices of CAM among physicians for common sports medicine pathologies. METHODS An online survey of the prescribing practices of CAM by physician members of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. RESULTS A total of 257 physicians answered the question on prescribing CAM for a response rate of 11%. Of those who responded, 88% prescribed at least one type of CAM in the last one year. The responders identified 23 different CAM modalities they prescribed. Of those modalities prescribed, chiropractic/osteopathic manipulation was the most common followed by acupuncture/electroacupuncture and yoga. Less commonly prescribed CAM included omega-3 fatty acids, riboflavin, and meditation. Providers utilized CAM for common sports medicine pathologies including ligamentous, tendinous and muscle injury, concussion, and low back pain among others. The survey participants believed many of these CAM modalities to be effective. CONCLUSIONS Among responders, the prescribing prevalence of at least one CAM therapy was high. Sports medicine physicians utilized a number of different CAM modalities to treat common sports medicine pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Hennrikus
- Penn State College of Medicine, 30 Hope Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Rubio VJ, Quartiroli A, Podlog LW, Olmedilla A. Understanding the dimensions of sport-injury related growth: A DELPHI method approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235149. [PMID: 32574215 PMCID: PMC7310694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the multitude of adverse physical and psychosocial consequences of sports injury, evidence also highlights the potential for positive benefits in the injury aftermath. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by exploring the dimensions of personal growth following a severe sports injury. A 3-rounds e-Delphi method was utilized to develop a consensual understanding of the dimensions of sport-injury related growth. A panel of 24 psychology of sport injury experts participated in the process. The final list of items obtained was subjected to conventional content analysis to identify general themes. The process led to the development of a 5-dimension model capable of describing athletes' experiences of personal growth following a severe sports-related injury: personal strength, improved social life, health benefits, sport benefits, and social support and recognition. The domains of sport-injury related growth identified here are consistent with growth-domains identified in previous personal growth literature. However, they also highlight the importance of contextualizing the experience of growth. We have captured key elements of sport-injury related growth, domains that can be used as the basis for further psychometric testing and for further interventions to increase adjustment and well-being during the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J. Rubio
- Department of Biological and Health Psychology, University Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessadro Quartiroli
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Leslie W. Podlog
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Aurelio Olmedilla
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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29
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Rashkovska A, Depolli M, Tomašić I, Avbelj V, Trobec R. Medical-Grade ECG Sensor for Long-Term Monitoring. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20061695. [PMID: 32197444 PMCID: PMC7146736 DOI: 10.3390/s20061695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent trend in electrocardiogram (ECG) device development is towards wireless body sensors applied for patient monitoring. The ultimate goal is to develop a multi-functional body sensor that will provide synchronized vital bio-signs of the monitored user. In this paper, we present an ECG sensor for long-term monitoring, which measures the surface potential difference between proximal electrodes near the heart, called differential ECG lead or differential lead, in short. The sensor has been certified as a class IIa medical device and is available on the market under the trademark Savvy ECG. An improvement from the user’s perspective—immediate access to the measured data—is also implemented into the design. With appropriate placement of the device on the chest, a very clear distinction of all electrocardiographic waves can be achieved, allowing for ECG recording of high quality, sufficient for medical analysis. Experimental results that elucidate the measurements from a differential lead regarding sensors’ position, the impact of artifacts, and potential diagnostic value, are shown. We demonstrate the sensors’ potential by presenting results from its various areas of application: medicine, sports, veterinary, and some new fields of investigation, like hearth rate variability biofeedback assessment and biometric authentication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rashkovska
- Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (V.A.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-477-3701
| | - Matjaž Depolli
- Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (V.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Ivan Tomašić
- Division of Intelligent Future Technologies, Mälardalen University, Högskoleplan 1, 721 23 Västerås, Sweden;
| | - Viktor Avbelj
- Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (V.A.); (R.T.)
| | - Roman Trobec
- Department of Communication Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.D.); (V.A.); (R.T.)
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30
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Joseph AE, Leiby BM, Beckman JP. Clinical Results of Ultrasound-Guided Carpal Tunnel Release Performed by a Primary Care Sports Medicine Physician. J Ultrasound Med 2020; 39:441-452. [PMID: 31449326 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel release (USCTR) in a consecutive group of patients treated by a single primary care sports medicine physician. METHODS The study group consisted of 35 USCTRs performed on 22 consecutive patients for whom clinical outcomes were available before USCTR and at 1 to 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after USCTR. All procedures were performed by the same operator using a single USCTR technique. Outcomes included complications, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire symptom severity and functional status scores, and a 5-point global satisfaction score. RESULTS The 22 patients included 13 female and 9 male patients (ages 31-82 years). Eleven patients (22 wrists) had bilateral simultaneous USCTRs; 2 patients (4 wrists) had staged bilateral USCTRs; and 9 patients had unilateral USCTRs. No complications occurred in any patient. Statistically and clinically significant reductions in Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire symptom severity and functional status scores occurred by 1 to 2 weeks after USCTR (mean 1- to 2-week changes, -29.23, -1.74, and -1.18, respectively), and further improvements occurred during the 3-month follow-up period (mean 3-month changes, -51.11, -2.29, and -1.91; P < .0001 for all values versus before USCTR). Mean global satisfaction scores at 1 to 2 weeks and 3 months were 4.63 and 4.66. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided CTR is a safe and effective procedure that can be performed by an experienced primary care sports medicine physician and typically results in significant improvements within the first 2 weeks after the procedure. Furthermore, bilateral simultaneous USCTRs are feasible and may provide significant advantages for patients who are candidates for bilateral CTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Joseph
- OrthoIdaho, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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31
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VanBaak KD, Nally LM, Finigan RT, Jurkiewicz CL, Burnier AM, Conrad BP, Khodaee M, Lipman GS. Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes Management. Wilderness Environ Med 2019; 30:S121-S140. [PMID: 31753543 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel in 2018 to develop a set of evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as the recognition, prevention, and treatment of complications of diabetes in wilderness athletes. We present a review of the classifications, pathophysiology, and evidence-based guidelines for planning and preventive measures, as well as best practice recommendations for both routine and urgent therapeutic management of diabetes and glycemic complications. These recommendations are graded based on the quality of supporting evidence and balance between the benefits and risks or burdens for each recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin D VanBaak
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
| | - Laura M Nally
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Carrie L Jurkiewicz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Barry P Conrad
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA
| | - Morteza Khodaee
- Department of Family Medicine and Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Grant S Lipman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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32
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Totti V, Campione T, Mosconi G, Tamè M, Todeschini P, Sella G, Roi GS, Spazzoli A, Angelini ML, Sangiorgi G, Giannini A, Bellis L, Nanni Costa A. Promotion of Pre- and Post-Transplant Physical Exercise in the Emilia-Romagna Region: The Network of the Program "Transplantation, Physical Activity, and Sport". Transplant Proc 2019; 51:2902-2905. [PMID: 31606183 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the positive experience of the national project "A transplant...and now it's time for sport," the Transplant Reference Center of the Emilia-Romagna Region has pursued the promotion of pre- and post-transplant physical exercise by developing a network. METHODS The path involved the transplant centers and operative units (UU.OO) who wanted to target transplant and waiting list patients, who are clinically stable, to perform personalized exercise through a program (supervised or not) prescribed by a specialist in sports medicine. With the collaboration of the Collective Prevention and Public Health Service, the network was established, consisting of the sports medicine centers and the gyms that promote health for adapted physical activity (PS-AMA). To implement the network, training courses for all the professionals involved (doctors, nurses, exercise specialists) and operational meetings in the transplant centers-nephrology units with patients' associations have been organized. RESULTS To date, there are 14 transplant centers and UU.OO, 9 sports medicine centers, and 45 PS-AMA involved in this network. Seven training courses were organized with the participation of 193 health professionals. Since January 2016, there have been 65 transplanted patients and 5 patients on the waiting list who practice the prescribed exercise. Of these, 45 carry out supervised exercise in PS-AMA; 25 perform autonomous exercise. Each patient is monitored every 6 months. No problems related to the exercise performance were recorded. CONCLUSIONS The development of a network of professionals and associations is the key element to raise awareness of physical activity among transplanted and waiting-for-transplant patients, reducing the pathologies associated with a sedentary lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Totti
- Department of Biomedical & Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Associazione Nazionale Emodializzati, Dialisi e Trapianto, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Campione
- Transplants Reference Center of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mosconi
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Tamè
- Department of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Gastroenterology Division, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University-Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Todeschini
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University-Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Sergio Roi
- Isokinetic Medical Group, Education and Research Department, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriela Sangiorgi
- Transplants Reference Center of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Adriana Giannini
- Collective Prevention and Public Health Service of Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lia Bellis
- Italian National Transplant Center, Rome, Italy
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Paget L, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Goedegebuure S, Kerkhoffs G, Krips R, Maas M, Moen MH, Reurink G, Stufkens S, de Vos RJ, Weir A, Tol JL. Platelet-Rich plasma Injection Management for Ankle osteoarthritis study (PRIMA): protocol of a Dutch multicentre, stratified, block-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030961. [PMID: 31594891 PMCID: PMC6797250 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a potentially efficacious treatment for ankle osteoarthritis (OA), but its use has not been examined in high-quality studies. Systematic reviews show that PRP injections significantly decrease pain and improve function in patients with knee OA. Ankle OA is more common than hip or knee OA in the young active population; with a prevalence of 3.4%.PRP injections in ankle OA are shown to be safe and improve quality of life over time, but no randomised controlled trial has been conducted. Our randomised controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of PRP injections for symptom reduction and functional improvement, compared with placebo, in the treatment of ankle (talocrural) OA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct the Platelet-Rich plasma Injection Management for Ankle OA study: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred patients suffering from ankle OA will be randomised into two treatment groups: PRP injection or placebo (saline) injection. Both groups will receive two injections of PRP or placebo at an interval of 6 weeks. Primary outcome is the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score at 26 weeks. Secondary outcomes determined at several follow-up moments up to 5 years, include Ankle Osteoarthritis Score, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, pain subscale of (0-40), Visual Analogue Scale score (0-100), Ankle Activity Score (0-10), subjective patient satisfaction Short Form Health Survey-36, Global Attainment Scaling and the EuroQol-5 dimensions-3 levels utility score. A cost-effectiveness analysis will be performed at 1 year. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by the Medical Ethics Review Committee Amsterdam Medical Center, the Netherlands (ABR 2018-042, approved 23 July 2018) and registered in the Netherlands trial register (NTR7261). Results and new knowledge will be disseminated through the Dutch Arthritis Association (ReumaNederland), Dutch patient federation, conferences and published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR7261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lda Paget
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sma Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Goedegebuure
- Sports Medicine, OLVG, The Sport Physician Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gmmj Kerkhoffs
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Krips
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - M Maas
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radiology, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M H Moen
- Sports Medicine, Bergman Clinics, Naarden, The Netherlands
- OLVG, The Sport Physician Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Reurink
- Sports Medicine, OLVG, The Sport Physician Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sas Stufkens
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J de Vos
- Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Weir
- Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Sports Medicine and Exercise Clinic Haarlem (SBK), Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - J L Tol
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Lubowitz JH, Brand JC, Rossi MJ. Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation (ASMAR): A New, Open Access, Electronic Journal. Arthroscopy 2019; 35:2253-2254. [PMID: 31395154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation (ASMAR) is our new, open-access, electronic, companion journal to Arthroscopy and Arthroscopy Techniques. While there is already "so much to read, so little time," bearing in mind the context that some submissions are not accepted for publication in Arthroscopy despite admirable quality, the necessity of ASMAR becomes clear.
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35
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Scorza KA, Cole W. Current Concepts in Concussion: Initial Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician 2019; 99:426-434. [PMID: 30932451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury, also known as concussion, is common in adults and youth and is a major health concern. Concussion is caused by direct or indirect external trauma to the head resulting in shear stress to brain tissue from rotational or angular forces. Concussion can affect a variety of clinical domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional or behavioral. Signs and symptoms are nonspecific; therefore, a temporal relationship between an appropriate mechanism of injury and symptom onset must be determined. Headache is the most common symptom. Initial evaluation involves eliminating concern for cervical spine injury and more serious traumatic brain injury before diagnosis is established. Tools to aid diagnosis and monitor recovery include symptom checklists, neuropsychological tests, postural stability tests, and sideline assessment tools. If concussion is suspected in an athlete, the athlete should not return to play until medically cleared. Brief cognitive and physical rest are key components of initial management. Initial management also involves patient education and reassurance and symptom management. Individuals recover from concussion differently; therefore, rigid guidelines have been abandoned in favor of an individualized approach. As symptoms resolve, patients may gradually return to activity as tolerated. Those with risk factors, such as more severe symptoms immediately after injury, may require longer recovery periods. There is limited research in the younger population; however, given concern for potential consequences of injury to the developing brain, a more conservative approach to management is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wesley Cole
- Womack Army Medical Center, Ft. Bragg, NC, USA
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Neidecker J, Sethi NK, Taylor R, Monsell R, Muzzi D, Spizler B, Lovelace L, Ayoub E, Weinstein R, Estwanik J, Reyes P, Cantu RC, Jordan B, Goodman M, Stiller JW, Gelber J, Boltuch R, Coletta D, Gagliardi A, Gelfman S, Golden P, Rizzo N, Wallace P, Fields A, Inalsingh C. Concussion management in combat sports: consensus statement from the Association of Ringside Physicians. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:328-333. [PMID: 30049779 PMCID: PMC6579496 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Various organisations and experts have published numerous statements and recommendations regarding different aspects of sports-related concussion including definition, presentation, treatment, management and return to play guidelines. 1-7 To date, there have been no written consensus statements specific for combat sports regarding management of combatants who have suffered a concussion or for return to competition after a concussion. In combat sports, head contact is an objective of the sport itself. Accordingly, management and treatment of concussion in combat sports should, and must, be more stringent than for non-combat sports counterparts.The Association of Ringside Physicians (an international, non-profit organisation dedicated to the health and safety of the combat sports athlete) sets forth this consensus statement to establish management guidelines that ringside physicians, fighters, referees, trainers, promoters, sanctioning bodies and other healthcare professionals can use in the ringside setting. We also provide guidelines for the return of a combat sports athlete to competition after sustaining a concussion. This consensus statement does not address the management of moderate to severe forms of traumatic brain injury, such as intracranial bleeds, nor does it address the return to competition for combat sports athletes who have suffered such an injury. These more severe forms of brain injuries are beyond the scope of this statement. This consensus statement does not address neuroimaging guidelines in combat sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Neidecker
- Department of Sports Medicine, Orthopaedic Specialists of North Carolina, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nitin K Sethi
- Department of Neurology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Randolph Taylor
- Memorial Hermann Healthcare System, Houston, Texas, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Family and Community Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raymond Monsell
- Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Faculty of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Don Muzzi
- Essentia Health, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- University of Minnesota Medical School – Duluth Campus, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce Spizler
- Association of Ringside Physicians – Legal Counsel, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Larry Lovelace
- INTEGRIS Southwest Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Edmund Ayoub
- Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Rick Weinstein
- White Plains Hospital Center, White Plains, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Estwanik
- Metrolina Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Clinic, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Robert C Cantu
- Centre for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Barry Jordan
- The Burke Rehabilitation Hospital, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - John W Stiller
- Mood and Anxiety, Psychiatry, University of Maryland Baltimore Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jonathan Gelber
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Elite Sports Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Domenic Coletta
- Cape Regional Health System, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Stephen Gelfman
- Yeshiva University Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Rizzo
- Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Wallace
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Coulombe BJ, Games KE, Eberman LE. The Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Secondary School Athletic Trainers' Perceptions, Practices, and Barriers. J Athl Train 2019; 54:142-151. [PMID: 30095304 PMCID: PMC6464306 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-86-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Incorporating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) into daily routine is essential for patient-centered clinical practice. Secondary school athletic trainers (ATs) may encounter unique barriers that limit their willingness to use PROs. OBJECTIVE To explore how secondary school ATs who were using PROs perceived their application, benefits, and problems compared with those who did not. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Web-based survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 2984 secondary school ATs received an e-mail invitation, and 322 completed the survey (response rate = 10.8%). Respondents were 43 ± 10 years old, with most indicating at least 11 years as a Board of Certification-certified AT (n = 276, 85.7%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The ATs were invited to complete a Web-based survey regarding the uses and benefits of and problems with PROs. Those using PROs in clinical practice were asked their criteria for selecting the measures, whereas those not using PROs were asked their reasons for not using them. Dependent variables were endorsements of uses and benefits of and problems with PROs. RESULTS The most commonly cited uses of PROs were determining treatment effectiveness (193/264, 73%) and demonstrating effectiveness to administration (174/264, 66%). Improving communication with the patient (267/296, 90%) and helping to direct the plan of care (256/297, 86%) were the most frequently endorsed benefits of PROs. Time to score and analyze (152/284, 53%) and time for patients to complete (134/284, 47%) PROs were the problems encountered most often. For ATs not using PROs (223/262, 85%), the most frequent reason was the lack of a support structure (102/219, 46%). For ATs using PROs (39/262, 15%), quick completion times (32/39, 82%) was the most common criterion used to select individual measures. CONCLUSIONS A majority of secondary school ATs recognized the benefits of PROs and yet did not use them in clinical practice due to setting-specific barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth E. Games
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute
| | - Lindsey E. Eberman
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute
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Abstract
The field of sports medicine and performance has undergone an important transformation in the past years where the scientific approach is becoming increasingly more important for teams and athletes. Physical and physiological fitness, nutrition, fatigue and recovery, as well as injury prevention are key elements of the scientific monitoring of athletes nowadays. Many different methods are used nowadays as part of the scientific monitoring and testing of the competitive athlete. Among them, physiological and metabolic testing, biomechanical and movement assessments, GPS-based tracking systems, heart rate monitors, power meters, and training software are an integrative part of the scientific monitor program of many teams and athletes.Blood biomarkers through traditional blood analysis have been used for over three decades (mainly in Europe) to monitor athletic performance. In the same manner that different cells in the body respond to the stress of an infection or a disease, cells in athletes respond to the stress of competition and training. Nowadays, the area of blood biomarkers is an emerging field in the US offering important level of possibilities to monitor athletes. The field of metabolomics can offer a significantly higher level of blood biomarkers for sports medicine and performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millán
- Division of Sports Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Abstract
Ultrasound is being used by sports physicians in their daily practice to problem solve, but there is still a reluctance for some radiologists to embrace this technique. It has become the "stethoscope" of the sports physician as it is freely available to have in the office setting (Tok, et al. [1]). This has been made possible by advances in technology making it cheaper and more affordable. In the United Kingdom, ultrasound has been performed by sports physicians, rheumatologists, surgeons, physiotherapists, podiatrists, anaesthetists, neurologists and emergency care physicians. It has become a core area of the curriculum in some of these specialties. In athletes it not only provides confirmation of the diagnosis but leads to a better treatment algorithm and can be used to direct intervention. Radiologists need to be aware of its strengths and weaknesses even if they are not able to perform such examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Allen
- St Lukes Radiology Oxford Ltd and University of Oxford, Latimer Road, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7PF, UK
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Bravo D, Jazrawi L, Cardone DA, Virk M, Passias PG, Einhorn TA, Leucht P. Orthobiologics A Comprehensive Review of the Current Evidence and Use in Orthopedic Subspecialties. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 2018; 76:223-231. [PMID: 31513506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Orthobiologics are organic and synthetic materials that are used in and outside of the operating room to augment both bone and soft tissue healing. The orthobiologics portfolio has vastly expanded over the years, and it has become imperative for orthopedic surgeons to understand the role and function of this new class of biologic adjuvants. This review will highlight key components and product groups that may be relevant for the practicing orthopedic surgeon in any subspecialty. This by no means is an extensive list of the available products but provides an important overview of the most highlighted products available in the market today. Those discussed include, bone void fillers, extracelluar matrix (ECM) products, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), bone marrow aspirate (BMA), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These are further categorized into their uses in several subspecialties including, traumatology, sports medicine, sports surgery, and spine surgery.
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Abstract
The use of platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a novel treatment is discussed in the context of a qualitative research study comprising 38 interviews with sports medicine practitioners and other stakeholders working within the English Premier League during the 2013-16 seasons. Analysis of the data produced several overarching themes: conservatism versus experimentalism in medical attitudes; therapy perspectives divergence; conflicting versions of appropriate evidence; subcultures; community beliefs/practices; and negotiation of medical decision-making. The contested evidence base for the efficacy of PRP is presented in the context of a broader professional shift towards evidence based medicine within sports medicine. Many of the participants while accepting this shift are still committed to casuistic practices where clinical judgment is flexible and does not recognize a context-free hierarchy of evidentiary standards to ethically justifiable practice. We also discuss a tendency in the data collected to consider the use of deceptive, placebo-like, practices among the clinician participants that challenge dominant understandings of informed consent in medical ethics. We conclude that the complex relation between evidence and ethics requires greater critical scrutiny for this emerging specialism within the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J McNamee
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | | | | | - J Gabe
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
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Abstract
Traditionally, the athlete who requires long-term anticoagulation has been told to forgo participation in contact and collision sports. However, a strategy of short-term interruption of anticoagulant therapy may be designed for some athletes, allowing them return to full athletic activity. A personalized pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) may allow athletic participation when plasma drug concentration is minimal and resumption of treatment after the risk of bleeding sufficiently normalizes. Scientific data and uncertainties regarding this approach, as well as practical challenges in the implementation, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Moll
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine
| | - Joshua N. Berkowitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, and
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christopher W. Miars
- Primary Care Sports Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, Waco, TX; and
- Baylor University Athletics, Waco TX
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Hamid MSA. Cost Effectiveness of a Platelet-rich Plasma Preparation Technique for Clinical Use. Wounds 2018; 30:186-190. [PMID: 30059343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite limited clinical evidence, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is currently used for the treatment of various soft tissue injuries, but optimal use of PRP has yet to be determined. In many instances, PRP is prepared using commercial devices that lack standardized preparation techniques and consistent quality of the PRP produced. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore a simple, easy, economical method of PRP preparation that is practical for clinical use. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sports Medicine Clinic at the University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. Participants were healthy postgraduate students and staff at the Sports Medicine Department. The PRP was prepared using a single centrifugation technique. Leukocyte and platelet levels were compared with that of a whole blood baseline and a commercial preparation kit. RESULTS The PRP produced using this technique contained significantly higher mean platelet (1725.0 vs. 273.9 x 109/L) and leukocyte (33.6 vs. 7.7 x 109/L) levels compared with whole blood. There was no significant difference in the mean platelet and leukocyte levels between the PRP produced in this study and by a commercial PRP system. CONCLUSIONS A single-centrifugation protocol using readily available materials in a typical clinical setting could produce PRP of comparable quality to those of a commercial PRP production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Shariff A Hamid
- University of Malaya Faculty of Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Bicycle and treadmill exercise tests are used in sports medicine and occupational medicine to detect latent disease, to monitor treatment, and to measure patients' physical performance ability and reserve. In this review, we describe the indications, contraindications, and manner of performance of these tests, along with the variables tested, criteria for evaluation, (sub)maximal stress, and the factors that affect these tests, including age, sex, and medications. METHODS This review is based on pertinent articles retrieved by a selective literature search and on the ergometry guidelines of four medical specialty societies. RESULTS The proper performance of ergometric stress tests calls for preparation and monitoring by qualified staff as well as standardized testing conditions. Ergometric studies are indispensable as a clinical diagnostic method for the early recognition of disease, for follow-up over time, and for individual counseling. The patient's maximal achievable performance is a predictor of morbidity and mortality. Among the variables that can be measured in the submaximal performance range, the respiratory rate, heart rate, and lactate performance curves are more accurate prognostic predictors than the so-called threshold values (physical working capacity, anaerobic-aerobic threshold). Ergometric stress tests can be used to detect (among other conditions) latent hypertension, pulmonary diseases (e.g., exertional asthma), pabnormal ECG changes, and cardiovascular disorders (e.g., ischemia, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure). The ergometric findings are influenced by the choice of stress-inducing protocol. They provide important information for the planning and monitoring of exercise training and for the treatment of persons suffering from diverse physical conditions, as well as for leisure-time athletes. They are less suit- able for use in the design of training programs for high-performance athletes. CONCLUSION Ergometric stress tests provide important data in clinical and preventive medicine. The findings are often difficult to interpret because of the wide range of normal findings, the use of different stress-inducing protocols, and the lack of gen- erally accepted reference values. The establishment of a nationwide fitness and health registry for ergometric data would be very helpful for the individualized inter- pretation of test findings and for the monitoring of exercise training and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Löllgen
- Private Practice for Cardiology and Sports Cardiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Institute of Physiology and Anatomy, German Sport University Cologne; Bundeswehr Institute for Preventive Medicine, Koblenz
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Abstract
The following four cases are typical of the dilemmas faced by sports cardiologists on a regular basis. These are real-life cases and, for each, in addition to a focussed evaluation, the authors openly discuss the clinical predicament and give their personal viewpoints. The cases are designed to be engaging and informative, demonstrating the benefits of expertise in sports cardiology when confronted with athletes with cardiological conundrums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubo Rakhit
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, UK.
| | - David L Prior
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - André La Gerche
- St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Sirisena D, Walter J, Ong JH, Probert J. Pilot single-centre cross-sectional study to determine emergency physicians' knowledge and management of sports concussion: an experience from Singapore. Singapore Med J 2018; 59:322-326. [PMID: 29167908 PMCID: PMC6024222 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2017104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sports concussion remains challenging to manage despite changes to policy and practice since the 2012 International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport. Emergency physicians (EPs) are usually the first line of medical care for athletes in amateur and youth collision sports. This single-centre cross-sectional study aimed to establish EPs' understanding and management of concussion in Singapore. METHODS An anonymised, 17-item online questionnaire was sent to EPs requesting for information on their clinical experience, training, exposure to concussion cases in the emergency department (ED) and assessed knowledge of the condition. RESULTS Out of 65 EPs, 52 (80%) responded, 25 (48.1%) of whom were medical officers. Over 90% had not received formal training in concussion management, and 73.1% regularly assessed concussion. 40 (76.9%) EPs recognised that loss of consciousness was not essential for diagnosis and only 24 (46.2%) knew the most common symptom. 26 (50.0%) incorrectly reported that they would perform brain imaging. Among those who indicated onward referral, 29 (55.8%) would refer concussed patients to neurosurgery. There were no significant differences between clinical grade or training in concussion and positive responses for definition, imaging modality or most common symptom of concussion. CONCLUSION Concussion is a common presentation to EDs in Singapore. However, understanding of the condition, its clinical diagnosis, investigation and onward management is limited. Although EPs reported training in concussion, it is likely to be insufficient. Commencing relevant education programmes for undergraduate and postgraduate medical students may enable progressive acquisition of knowledge and thereby improve patient management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Sirisena
- Sports Medicine Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Singapore Rugby Union, Singapore
| | | | - Joo Haw Ong
- Sports Medicine Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Joanne Probert
- Sports Medicine Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Singapore Rugby Union, Singapore
- Emergency Department, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
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Abstract
CONTEXT The paradigm of evidence-based practice (EBP) is well established among the health care professions, but perspectives on the best methods for acquiring, analyzing, appraising, and using research evidence are evolving. BACKGROUND The EBP paradigm has shifted away from a hierarchy of research-evidence quality to recognize that multiple research methods can yield evidence to guide clinicians and patients through a decision-making process. Whereas the "frequentist" approach to data interpretation through hypothesis testing has been the dominant analytical method used by and taught to athletic training students and scholars, this approach is not optimal for integrating evidence into routine clinical practice. Moreover, the dichotomy of rejecting, or failing to reject, a null hypothesis is inconsistent with the Bayesian-like clinical decision-making process that skilled health care providers intuitively use. We propose that data derived from multiple research methods can be best interpreted by reporting a credible lower limit that represents the smallest treatment effect at a specified level of certainty, which should be judged in relation to the smallest effect considered to be clinically meaningful. Such an approach can provide a quantifiable estimate of certainty that an individual patient needs follow-up attention to prevent an adverse outcome or that a meaningful level of therapeutic benefit will be derived from a given intervention. CONCLUSIONS The practice of athletic training will be influenced by the evolution of the EBP paradigm. Contemporary practice will require clinicians to expand their critical-appraisal skills to effectively integrate the results derived from clinical research into the care of individual patients. Proper interpretation of a credible lower limit value for a magnitude ratio has the potential to increase the likelihood of favorable patient outcomes, thereby advancing the practice of evidence-based athletic training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B. Wilkerson
- Graduate Athletic Training Education Program, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga
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Malone JJ. Sport science internships for learning: a critical view. Adv Physiol Educ 2017; 41:569-571. [PMID: 29138214 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00098.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sport science has gained vast popularity with students who have an interest in both physiology and the underpinning mechanisms of exercise concerning performance and health. The high numbers of graduates each year, coupled with the low number of graduate positions working in sports, has led to a high level of competition between students. To stand out from the crowd, sport science students may undertake an internship placement as part of their course, designed to enhance theoretical, practical, and soft skills in an applied setting. In the present article, we highlight some of the positives and negatives of sport science internships and ways in which they can be implemented and facilitated. Suggestions have also been provided to make students more aware of the reality of working in professional sports, which includes awareness of the potential for long and unsociable hours of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Malone
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Dhutia H, Malhotra A, Gabus V, Merghani A, Finocchiaro G, Millar L, Narain R, Papadakis M, Naci H, Tome M, Sharma S. Cost Implications of Using Different ECG Criteria for Screening Young Athletes in the United Kingdom. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 68:702-11. [PMID: 27515329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High false-positive rates and cost of additional investigations are an obstacle to electrocardiographic (ECG) screening of young athletes for cardiac disease. However, ECG screening costs have never been systematically assessed in a large cohort of athletes. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the costs of ECG screening in athletes according to the 2010 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommendations and the Seattle and refined interpretation criteria. METHODS Between 2011 and 2014, 4,925 previously unscreened athletes aged 14 to 35 years were prospectively evaluated with history, physical examination, and ECG (interpreted with the 2010 ESC recommendations). Athletes with abnormal results underwent secondary investigations, the costs of which were based on U.K. National Health Service Tariffs. The impact on cost after applying the Seattle and refined criteria was evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS Overall, 1,072 (21.8%) athletes had an abnormal ECG on the basis of 2010 ESC recommendations; 11.2% required echocardiography, 1.7% exercise stress test, 1.2% Holter, 1.2% cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and 0.4% other tests. The Seattle and refined criteria reduced the number of positive ECGs to 6.0% and 4.3%, respectively. Fifteen (0.3%) athletes were diagnosed with potentially serious cardiac disease using all 3 criteria. The overall cost of de novo screening using 2010 ESC recommendations was $539,888 ($110 per athlete and $35,993 per serious diagnosis). The Seattle and refined criteria reduced the cost to $92 and $87 per athlete screened and $30,251 and $28,510 per serious diagnosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Contemporary ECG interpretation criteria decrease costs for de novo screening of athletes, which may be cost permissive for some sporting organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshil Dhutia
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aneil Malhotra
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Gabus
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Merghani
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gherardo Finocchiaro
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Millar
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajay Narain
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Papadakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huseyin Naci
- LSE Health, Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maite Tome
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- LSE Health, Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom.
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