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Li Z, Cai X. Baicalein targets STMN1 to inhibit the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:3003-3013. [PMID: 38317500 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common malignancy in the head and neck. Baicalein has been reported to exert the anticancer effects on various cancers. In this study, our aim was to explore the function of baicalein in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and further investigate the potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay, EdU assay, sphere formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell invasion assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation, stemness, apoptosis, and invasion, respectively. Western blot was performed to examine the protein levels of PCNA, MMP9, STMN1, β-catenin, and Wnt3A. The mRNA level of STMN1 was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Xenograft tumor model was carried out to evaluate the effects of baicalein on tumor growth in vivo. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was used to detect the levels of PCNA, MMP9, and STMN1 in tumor tissues from mice. RESULTS Baicalein significantly induced cell apoptosis and impeded cell proliferation, invasion, and stemness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. STMN1 was highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and baicalein could directly downregulate STMN1 expression. STMN1 knockdown hampered the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Moreover, the effects of baicalein on cell proliferation, stemness, invasion, and apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were harbored by STMN1 overexpression. Baicalein regulated STMN1 to inhibit the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. SKL2001, an agonist of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, could reverse the effects of STMN1 knockdown on the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, baicalein markedly impeded tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Baicalein regulated the STMN1/Wnt/β-catenin pathway to restrain the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Xiaohang Cai
- The Second Department of Cardiology, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
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Wang L, Cao J, Tao J, Liang Y. STMN1 promotes cell malignancy and bortezomib resistance of multiple myeloma cell lines via PI3K/AKT signaling. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:277-286. [PMID: 37642368 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2251384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the biological functions of Stathmin1 (STMN1) involving drug resistance and cell proliferation in multiple myeloma (MM) and its related mechanisms. METHODS Bone marrow aspirates were collected from 20 MM patients, and the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. Blood samples of 20 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and 20 healthy donors were collected. Normal plasma cells sorted from the peripheral blood of MGUS patients and healthy subject as controls. Two bortezomib (BTZ)-resistant MM cell lines were established, namely NCI-H929/BTZ and KM3/BTZ cells, and then transfected with lentiviruses packaging sh-STMN1 to knock down STMN1 level in BTZ-resistant cells. Expression of STMN1 was assessed by RT-qPCR and western blotting. CCK-8 assays were performed to assess 50% growth inhibition (IC50) values. Green fluorescent protein in BTZ-resistant cells infected with lentiviruses was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated through MTT assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry analyses, and TUNEL staining. RESULTS STMN1 was upregulated in MM cells and bone marrow aspirates of MM patients. Additionally, STMN1 depletion attenuated BTZ resistance in MM cells. Moreover, downregulation of STMN1 limited the malignant phenotypes of BTZ-resistant cells. Mechanistically, the PI3K/Akt signaling was inactivated by STMN1 downregulation in BTZ-resistant cells. CONCLUSION STMN1 silencing inhibits cell proliferation and BTZ resistance in MM by inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Tao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medicine University, Nanjing, China
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Malesinski S, Tsvetkov PO, Kruczynski A, Peyrot V, Devred F. Stathmin potentiates vinflunine and inhibits Paclitaxel activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128704. [PMID: 26030092 PMCID: PMC4451147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell biology and crystallographic studies have suggested a functional link between stathmin and microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). In a previous study we showed that stathmin increases vinblastine (VLB) binding to tubulin, and that conversely VLB increases stathmin binding to tubulin. This constituted the first biochemical evidence of the direct relationship between stathmin and an antimitotic drug, and revealed a new mechanism of action for VLB. The question remained if the observed interaction was specific for this drug or represented a general phenomenon for all MTAs. In the present study we investigated the binding of recombinant stathmin to purified tubulin in the presence of paclitaxel or another Vinca alkaloid, vinflunine, using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC). These experiments revealed that stathmin binding to tubulin is increased in the presence of vinflunine, whereas no signal is observed in the presence of paclitaxel. Further investigation using turbidity and co-sedimentation showed that stathmin inhibited paclitaxel microtubule-stabilizing activity. Taken together with the previous study using vinblastine, our results suggest that stathmin can be seen as a modulator of MTA activity and binding to tubulin, providing molecular explanation for multiple previous cellular and in vivo studies showing that stathmin expression level affects MTAs efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soazig Malesinski
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Philipp O. Tsvetkov
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, RAMS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Kruczynski
- Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Expérimentale, Centre de Recherche et Développement Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Peyrot
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - François Devred
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Schmitt S, Safferling K, Westphal K, Hrabowski M, Müller U, Angel P, Wiechert L, Ehemann V, Müller B, Holland-Cunz S, Stichel D, Harder N, Rohr K, Germann G, Matthäus F, Schirmacher P, Grabe N, Breuhahn K. Stathmin regulates keratinocyte proliferation and migration during cutaneous regeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75075. [PMID: 24066165 PMCID: PMC3774809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous regeneration utilizes paracrine feedback mechanisms to fine-tune the regulation of epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and migration. However, it is unknown how fibroblast-derived hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) affects these mutually exclusive processes in distinct cell populations. We here show that HGF stimulates the expression and phosphorylation of the microtubule-destabilizing factor stathmin in primary human keratinocytes. Quantitative single cell- and cell population-based analyses revealed that basal stathmin levels are important for the migratory ability of keratinocytes in vitro; however, its expression is moderately induced in the migration tongue of mouse skin or organotypic multi-layered keratinocyte 3D cultures after full-thickness wounding. In contrast, clearly elevated stathmin expression is detectable in hyperproliferative epidermal areas. In vitro, stathmin silencing significantly reduced keratinocyte proliferation. Automated quantitative and time-resolved analyses in organotypic cocultures demonstrated a high correlation between Stathmin/phospho-Stathmin and Ki67 positivity in epidermal regions with proliferative activity. Thus, activation of stathmin may stimulate keratinocyte proliferation, while basal stathmin levels are sufficient for keratinocyte migration during cutaneous regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schmitt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Safferling
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Section Medical Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathi Westphal
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Section Medical Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Hrabowski
- BG-Trauma Center, Ludwigshafen, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Angel
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Wiechert
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Signal Transduction and Growth Control, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Ehemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damian Stichel
- Center for Modeling and Simulation in the Biosciences (BIOMS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Harder
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group (BMCV), BIOQUANT and IPMB, University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Rohr
- Biomedical Computer Vision Group (BMCV), BIOQUANT and IPMB, University of Heidelberg and DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Germann
- BG-Trauma Center, Ludwigshafen, Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Matthäus
- Center for Modeling and Simulation in the Biosciences (BIOMS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Grabe
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, Section Medical Informatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Manna T, Thrower DA, Honnappa S, Steinmetz MO, Wilson L. Regulation of microtubule dynamic instability in vitro by differentially phosphorylated stathmin. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:15640-9. [PMID: 19359244 PMCID: PMC2708860 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900343200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stathmin is an important regulator of microtubule polymerization and dynamics. When unphosphorylated it destabilizes microtubules in two ways, by reducing the microtubule polymer mass through sequestration of soluble tubulin into an assembly-incompetent T2S complex (two alpha:beta tubulin dimers per molecule of stathmin), and by increasing the switching frequency (catastrophe frequency) from growth to shortening at plus and minus ends by binding directly to the microtubules. Phosphorylation of stathmin on one or more of its four serine residues (Ser(16), Ser(25), Ser(38), and Ser(63)) reduces its microtubule-destabilizing activity. However, the effects of phosphorylation of the individual serine residues of stathmin on microtubule dynamic instability have not been investigated systematically. Here we analyzed the effects of stathmin singly phosphorylated at Ser(16) or Ser(63), and doubly phosphorylated at Ser(25) and Ser(38), on its ability to modulate microtubule dynamic instability at steady-state in vitro. Phosphorylation at either Ser(16) or Ser(63) strongly reduced or abolished the ability of stathmin to bind to and sequester soluble tubulin and its ability to act as a catastrophe factor by directly binding to the microtubules. In contrast, double phosphorylation of Ser(25) and Ser(38) did not affect the binding of stathmin to tubulin or microtubules or its catastrophe-promoting activity. Our results indicate that the effects of stathmin on dynamic instability are strongly but differently attenuated by phosphorylation at Ser(16) and Ser(63) and support the hypothesis that selective targeting by Ser(16)-specific or Ser(63)-specific kinases provides complimentary mechanisms for regulating microtubule function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Manna
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 and
| | - Douglas A. Thrower
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 and
| | - Srinivas Honnappa
- Biomolecular Research, Structural Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Michel O. Steinmetz
- Biomolecular Research, Structural Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Leslie Wilson
- From the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 and
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