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Okinaka T, Fujimura K, Hamasaki Y, Hasegawa Y, Matono T. Significance of early diagnosis and surgical management in treating Mycobacterium immunogenum-related pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:395. [PMID: 38609847 PMCID: PMC11010399 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms that are increasingly contributing to human infections. Mycobacterium immunogenum, a variant of NTM discovered in 2001, is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that exhibits multidrug resistance. Reports of infections caused by this organism, particularly tenosynovitis in the musculoskeletal system, are limited. CASE PRESENTATION A 71-year-old female with vesicular pemphigus, undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, presented with a progressively enlarging tumour on the dorsum of her right hand, along with erythematous papules that extended across her right forearm. The specimens of skin tissues and blood cultures revealed the presence of M. immunogenum. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation led to the diagnosis of pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis. A multidrug regimen, comprising amikacin and clarithromycin, was initiated, followed by synovectomy. The patient underwent a course of 180 days of antimicrobial therapy and demonstrated no signs of disease recurrence one year after treatment completion. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial to prevent the adverse prognostic implications of pyogenic extensor tenosynovitis caused by M. immunogenum. Effective management requires precise microbial identification and susceptibility testing, necessitating collaborative engagement with microbiological laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Okinaka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fujimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuka Hamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Inatsuki Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasegawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Matono
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Postle RD, Ahmad G, Forster BB. Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tenosynovitis. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:401-402. [PMID: 38050013 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Postle
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gulraiz Ahmad
- Radiology Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Bruce B Forster
- Department of Radiology, The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Mehta P, Thoppil J, Koyfman A, Long B. High risk and low prevalence diseases: Flexor tenosynovitis. Am J Emerg Med 2024; 77:132-138. [PMID: 38147700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flexor tenosynovitis (FTS) is a deep space infection of an upper extremity digit which carries a high rate of morbidity. OBJECTIVE This review highlights the pearls and pitfalls of FTS, including presentation, diagnosis, and management in the emergency department (ED) based on current evidence. DISCUSSION FTS typically occurs after direct penetrating trauma to the volar aspect of an upper extremity digit. Development of a deep space infection that quickly propagates through the flexor tendon sheath of a digit can result in serious structural damage to the hand and place the patient at risk for significant morbidity such as finger amputation or even result in death. Signs of FTS include symmetrical swelling of the affected finger, the affected finger being held in a flexed position, pain on any attempt of passive finger extension, and tenderness along the course of flexor tendon sheath, known as the Kanavel signs. Systemic symptoms such as fevers and chills may occur. Recognition of these signs and symptoms is paramount in diagnosis of FTS, as laboratory and imaging assessment is not typically diagnostic. ED management involves intravenous antibiotics and emergent surgical specialist consultation. CONCLUSION An understanding of the presentation and risk factors for development of FTS can assist emergency clinicians in diagnosing and managing this disease in an expedited fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayag Mehta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joby Thoppil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alex Koyfman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Brit Long
- SAUSHEC, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.
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Joyo Y, Yasuma S, Usami T, Hattori Y, Noda Y, Kato S, Kondo R, Watanabe S, Waguri-Nagaya Y. Nontuberculous mycobacteriosis oligoarthritis of the right hand misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis: A case report. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep 2023; 8:16-20. [PMID: 37750821 DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium marinum has several different clinical presentations. Most commonly, it appears as a solitary papulonodular lesion on an extremity. A rare presentation of osteoarticular M. marinum involving multiple small joints and tenosynovitis of the hand, which was misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis, is reported. The patient was initially treated for seronegative rheumatoid arthritis but failed to respond to methotrexate. Magnetic resonance imaging showed arthritis and tenosynovitis. Subsequently, synovial biopsy led to histological and microbiological diagnosis. Antimycobacterial treatment should be started promptly in such cases. The combined use of rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin appears to be effective, and debridement is indicated in patients with deep-seated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Joyo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sanshiro Yasuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuya Usami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hattori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yohei Noda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sakurako Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kondo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Soichiro Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Waguri-Nagaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Daoualibi Y, Pereira AHB, Lima LR, Pool RR, Ubiali DG. Proliferative tenosynovitis in Brazilian Mangalarga Marchador horses. J Comp Pathol 2023; 202:8-15. [PMID: 37018925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative tenosynovitis (PT) is an inflammatory and proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane of the tendon sheath that is rare in animals. The histological alterations are characterized by multinodular neovascularization, with infiltration of histiocytic and multinucleated giant cells and haemosiderin deposition. We reviewed necropsy and biopsy records of horses submitted to the Setor de Anatomia Patológica of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro from January 2017 to December 2020 to select cases of PT. We identified PT in three adult Brazilian Mangalarga Marchador horses with nodular lesions on the metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal or carpal joints. The three horses were under 6 years of age and presented with lameness and pain on palpation. There were recurrences in two horses after surgical removal. Radiographic and ultrasound examinations detected masses in the flexor or extensor tendons and subtendinous bursa. Histological study of synovial membrane and tendon sheath revealed an increased number of vessels, fibroplasia, osseous metaplasia and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and siderophages. This is the first description of PT in horses, which should be included as an orthopaedic differential diagnosis, especially in Mangalarga Marchador horses with lameness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Daoualibi
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Asheley H B Pereira
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo R Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária e Cirurgia, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roy R Pool
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel G Ubiali
- Setor de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Li Y, Berianu F, Brumble L, Calamia KT. Synovitis due to Histoplasma capsulatum: a case series and literature review. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:763-769. [PMID: 34164701 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal manifestations of Histoplasma capsulatum infection are uncommon but can mimic inflammatory arthritis. Early diagnosis of this complication is of critical importance in the era of potent immunosuppression for rheumatologic diseases. We conducted a retrospective chart review for patients with histoplasmosis and tenosynovitis, synovitis, or arthritis, diagnosed and treated at our institution between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2019. We also reviewed the relevant literature. Four patients with biopsy-proven, culture-proven histoplasma tenosynovitis were identified at our institution. All four patients had wrist or hand involvement in an asymmetric pattern, and one patient had lower extremity involvement as well. Two patients were not immunocompromised at baseline. One patient underwent a lengthy evaluation and received immunosuppression for 4 years without improvement prior to the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Histoplasma serologic tests varied among patients with localized infection. Pathologic findings revealed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Three patients recovered after 6-12 months of antifungal treatment. One patient still had recurrent infection despite 20 months of treatment. Histoplasma tenosynovitis and synovitis are rare causes of inflammatory arthritis. Infectious causes should be considered and carefully evaluated when patients present with asymmetric oligoarthritis. Early recognition is crucial for successful treatment, especially in patients with concomitant rheumatologic diseases receiving immunosuppressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Florentina Berianu
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Lisa Brumble
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth T Calamia
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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Rao V, Snapp WK, Crozier JW, Bhatt RA, Schmidt ST, Kalliainen LK. Limited Flexor Sheath Incision and Drainage in the Emergency Department in the Management of Early Pyogenic Flexor Tenosynovitis. Hand (N Y) 2023; 18:320-327. [PMID: 33880957 PMCID: PMC10035092 DOI: 10.1177/1558944721999729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (PFT) has been considered a surgical emergency. Varying operative approaches have been described, but there are limited data on the method, safety, and efficacy of nonoperative or bedside management. We present a case series where patients with early flexor tenosynovitis are managed using a limited flexor sheath incision and drainage (I&D) in the emergency department (ED) to both confirm purulence within the flexor sheath and as definitive treatment. METHODS A retrospective study of all patients clinically diagnosed in the ED with flexor tenosynovitis at our institution from 2012 to 2019 was performed. Patients with frank purulence on examination were taken emergently to the operating room (OR). Patients with equivocal findings underwent limited flexor sheath I&D in the ED. Safety and efficacy were studied for patients with early flexor tenosynovitis managed with this treatment approach. RESULTS Thirty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Ten patients underwent direct OR I&D, and 24 patients underwent ED I&D. In the ED I&D group, 96% (24 of 25) of patients did not have frank purulence in the flexor sheath and were managed with bedside drainage alone. There were no procedural complications and no need for repeat operative intervention. Time to intervention (3.1 hours vs 8.4 hours) was significantly shorter for the ED I&D group compared with the OR I&D group. Within the ED I&D group, 86% of patients exhibited good/excellent functional scores. CONCLUSIONS Limited flexor sheath I&D in the ED provides a potential safe and effective way to manage patients with early flexor tenosynovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Rao
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William K. Snapp
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joseph W. Crozier
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Reena A. Bhatt
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Scott T. Schmidt
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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8
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Sahbudin I, Singh R, De Pablo P, Rankin E, Rhodes B, Justice E, Derrett-Smith E, Amft N, Narayan N, McGrath C, Baskar S, Trickey J, Maybury M, Raza K, Filer A. The value of ultrasound-defined tenosynovitis and synovitis in the prediction of persistent arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:1057-1068. [PMID: 35412605 PMCID: PMC9977123 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The value of US-defined tenosynovitis in predicting the persistence of inflammatory arthritis is not well described. In particular, the predictive utility of US-defined tenosynovitis of larger tendons is yet to be reported. We assessed the value of US-defined tenosynovitis alongside US-defined synovitis and clinical and serological variables in predicting persistent arthritis in an inception cohort of DMARD-naïve patients with early arthritis. METHODS One hundred and fifty DMARD-naïve patients with clinically apparent synovitis of one or more joints and a symptom duration of ≤3 months underwent baseline clinical, laboratory and US (of 19 bilateral joints and 16 bilateral tendon compartments) assessments. Outcomes were classified as persistent or resolving arthritis after 18 months' follow-up. The predictive value of US-defined tenosynovitis for persistent arthritis was compared with those of US-defined synovitis, and clinical and serological variables. RESULTS At 18 months, 99 patients (66%) had developed persistent arthritis and 51 patients (34%) had resolving disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that US-detected digit flexor tenosynovitis [odds ratio (OR): 6.6, 95% CI: 2.0 , 22.1, P = 0.002] provided independent predictive data for persistence over and above the presence of US-detected joint synovitis and RF antibodies. In the RF/ACPA-negative subcohort, US-defined digit flexor tenosynovitis remained a significant predictive variable (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.4, 15.8, P = 0.012), even after adjusting for US-defined joint synovitis. CONCLUSION US-defined tenosynovitis provided independent predictive data for the development of persistent arthritis. The predictive role of US-defined digit flexor tenosynovitis should be further assessed; investigators should consider including this tendon site as a candidate variable when designing imaging-based predictive algorithms for persistent inflammatory arthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilfita Sahbudin
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham
NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Ruchir Singh
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Paola De Pablo
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Elizabeth Rankin
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin Rhodes
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Justice
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Derrett-Smith
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicole Amft
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nehal Narayan
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catherine McGrath
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Sangeetha Baskar
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Jeanette Trickey
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham
NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Mark Maybury
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham
NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Andrew Filer
- Correspondence to: Andrew Filer, Reader in Translational
Rheumatology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, University
Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK. E-mail:
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Lee C, Langford PN, Sullivan GE, Langford MA, Hogan CJ, Ruland RT. The Radial Synergy Test: An Aid to Diagnose de Quervain's Tenosynovitis. Hand (N Y) 2023; 18:32S-37S. [PMID: 34969308 PMCID: PMC10052622 DOI: 10.1177/15589447211057297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of de Quervain's tenosynovitis is made clinically. Finkelstein's and Eichoff's tests are commonly utilized examination maneuvers. Their specificity has been questioned due to a propensity to provoke pain in asymptomatic patients. Using the principle of synergism, the novel radial synergy test takes advantage of isometric contraction of the first dorsal compartment with resisted abduction of the small finger. METHODS Electromyography was performed on 3 authors and the first dorsal compartment sampled during the maneuver. Sensitivity evaluation was performed via retrospective chart review for patients diagnosed with de Quervain's from 2013 to 2018. Inclusion criteria were documented radial synergy test, Eichoff's test, and ≥90% pain relief after lidocaine/corticosteroid injection. We enrolled 222 patients with 254 affected extremities. Specificity evaluation was performed via a prospective cohort of volunteers undergoing radial synergy and Eichoff's tests. Inclusion criterion was lack of preexisting wrist pain. Score > 0 on Visual Analog Scale was considered positive. We enrolled 48 volunteers with 93 tested extremities. RESULTS Electromyography revealed positive recruitment of the first dorsal compartment. Sensitivity of the radial synergy test was inferior to Eichoff's test (97% vs 91%, relative risk [RR] = 0.93 [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89-0.97], P < .01). Specificity of the radial synergy test was superior to Eichoff's test (99% vs 74%, RR = 1.33 [95% CI = 1.18-1.51], P < .001). CONCLUSIONS We describe and evaluate the radial synergy test, a novel examination maneuver to aid the diagnosis of de Quervain's. This serves as an adjunct for future diagnostic evaluations with its high specificity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, diagnostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihua Lee
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, VA, USA
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10
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Abstract
Importance Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and basilar (carpometacarpal) joint arthritis of the thumb can be associated with significant disability. Observations Carpal tunnel syndrome is characterized by numbness and tingling in the thumb and the index, middle, and radial ring fingers and by weakness of thumb opposition when severe. It is more common in women and people who are obese, have diabetes, and work in occupations involving use of keyboards, computer mouse, heavy machinery, or vibrating manual tools. The Durkan physical examination maneuver, consisting of firm digital pressure across the carpal tunnel to reproduce symptoms, is 64% sensitive and 83% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. People with suspected proximal compression or other compressive neuropathies should undergo electrodiagnostic testing, which is approximately more than 80% sensitive and 95% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. Splinting or steroid injection may temporarily relieve symptoms. Patients who do not respond to conservative therapies may undergo open or endoscopic carpal tunnel release for definitive treatment. Trigger finger, which involves abnormal resistance to smooth flexion and extension ("triggering") of the affected finger, affects up to 20% of adults with diabetes and approximately 2% of the general population. Steroid injection is the first-line therapy but is less efficacious in people with insulin-dependent diabetes. People with diabetes and those with recurrent symptoms may benefit from early surgical release. de Quervain tenosynovitis, consisting of swelling of the extensor tendons at the wrist, is more common in women than in men. People with frequent mobile phone use are at increased risk. The median age of onset is 40 to 59 years. Steroid injections relieve symptoms in approximately 72% of patients, particularly when combined with immobilization. People with recurrent symptoms may be considered for surgical release of the first dorsal extensor compartment. Thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis affects approximately 33% of postmenopausal women, according to radiographic evidence of carpometacarpal arthritis. Approximately 20% of patients require treatment for pain and disability. Nonsurgical interventions (immobilization, steroid injection, and pain medication) relieve pain but do not alter disease progression. Surgery may be appropriate for patients unresponsive to conservative treatments. Conclusions and Relevance Carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger, de Quervain tenosynovitis, and thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis can be associated with significant disability. First-line treatment for each condition consists of steroid injection, immobilization, or both. For patients who do not respond to noninvasive therapy or for progressive disease despite conservative therapy, surgical treatment is safe and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Bettina Currie
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kashyap Komarraju Tadisina
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan E Mackinnon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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Cochrane E, Sandler RD, Dargan D, Hughes M, Caddick J. Gout Presenting as Acute Flexor Tenosynovitis Mimicking Infection. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:e236-e237. [PMID: 32345844 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert D Sandler
- Department of Rheumatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dallan Dargan
- From the Sheffield Hand Centre, Northern General Hospital
| | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Rheumatology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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12
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McKee RM, Kordahi A, Hubbard JC, Nguyen K, Ballon-Landa G, Leek BT. Recurrent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Associated with Mycobacterium szulgai Infection: A Case Report. JBJS Case Connect 2021; 11:01709767-202109000-00083. [PMID: 34398849 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.cc.21.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CASE We present the case of an otherwise healthy 77-year-old male retired firefighter and recreational pheasant hunter who presented with recurrent symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome and tenosynovitis because of Mycobacterium szulgai. He was initially treated unsuccessfully for a presumed seronegative rheumatologic flare, followed by surgical diagnosis and treatment including revision carpal tunnel release with tenosynovectomy, and a secondary debridement and wound closure. His symptoms resolved after several months of multidrug antibiotic therapy with only mild residual median nerve deficit. CONCLUSION Nontuberculous Mycobacterium infections of the upper extremity are extremely rare and challenging to diagnose/treat. This report highlights diagnostic and surgical challenges in this rarely reported infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M McKee
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anthony Kordahi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - James C Hubbard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Katherine Nguyen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Bryan T Leek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
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13
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Hartveld L, Smittenberg MN, Keuter XHA. [De Quervain's tenosynovitis: Clinical aspects and diagnostic techniques]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2021; 165:D5596. [PMID: 34346593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
De Quervain's tenosynovitis is a tendon sheath inflammation of the musculus abductor pollicis longus (APL) and the musculus extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) in the first extensor compartment of the wrist. Typically, patients present with pain symptoms on the radial side of the wrist as a result of repetitive moments and consequent overload of the tendons. During physical examination, De Quervain's tenosynovitis is easily distinguishable from other wrist injuries. Early recognition is of utmost importance for treatment decisions due to the fact that it is very well treatable, especially in the acute phase. A multimodal approach with conservative management is the most effective. Surgical intervention is usually not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes Hartveld
- Maastricht UMC+, afd. Plastische Chirurgie, Maastricht(thans: Nederlands Kanker Instituut-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Heelkundig Oncologische Disciplines, Amsterdam)
- Contact: Loes Hartveld
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Langkilde HZ, Nesten K, Morillon MB. Rare case of Mycobacterium marinum in a patient presenting with tenosynovitis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e234417. [PMID: 33980549 PMCID: PMC8118076 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-234417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old man presented with tenosynovitis of the left hand's extensor tendons that had been present for several months. He was initially treated with corticosteroids, first by local injection then systemically, but with no effect. When re-evaluated, the patient had developed a rash, and the symptoms had spread locally to surrounding structures. At this point, the patient added to the medical history that he had been stung by a sculpin a month before the debut of symptoms. Based on this, the patient's involved area was biopsied, and subsequent microbiology findings proved consistent with Mycobacterium marinum infection. By the time of diagnosis, the patient had soft tissue involvement, arthritis and osteomyelitis with an overlying rash. This case emphasises the need for reassessment when treatment is not effective and for further investigations of the medical history to establish the correct diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zachar Langkilde
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Kim Nesten
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Melanie Birger Morillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Odense University Hospital - Svendborg, Denmark, Svendborg, Denmark
- Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Blackburn J, van der Oest MJW, Chen NC, Feitz R, Duraku LS, Zuidam JM, Vranceanu AM, Selles RW. Are Patient Expectations and Illness Perception Associated with Patient-reported Outcomes from Surgical Decompression in de Quervain's Tenosynovitis? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:1147-1155. [PMID: 33861217 PMCID: PMC8052037 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological factors such as depression, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, pain anxiety, and more negative illness perceptions are associated with worse pain and function in patients at the start of treatment for de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Longitudinal studies have found symptoms of depression and pain catastrophizing at baseline were associated with worse pain after treatment. It is important to study patients opting for surgery for their condition because patients should choose surgical treatment based on their values rather than misconceptions. Psychological factors associated with worse patient-reported outcomes from surgery for de Quervain's tenosynovitis should be identified and addressed preoperatively so surgeons can correct any misunderstandings about the condition. QUESTION/PURPOSE What preoperative psychosocial factors (depression, anxiety, pain catastrophizing, illness perception, and patient expectations) are associated with pain and function 3 months after surgical treatment of de Quervain's tenosynovitis after controlling for demographic characteristics? METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 164 patients who underwent surgery for de Quervain's tenosynovitis between September 2017 and October 2018 performed by 20 hand surgeons at 18 centers. Our database included 326 patients who underwent surgery for de Quervain's tenosynovitis during the study period. Of these, 62% (201 of 326) completed all baseline questionnaires and 50% (164 of 326) also completed patient-reported outcomes at 3 months postoperatively. We found no difference between those included and those not analyzed in terms of age, sex, duration of symptoms, smoking status, and workload. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 52 ± 14 years, 86% (141 of 164) were women, and the mean duration of symptoms was 13 ± 19 months. Patients completed the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), the VAS for pain and function, the Patient Health Questionnaire for symptoms of anxiety and depression, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Credibility/Expectations Questionnaire, and the Brief Illness Perceptions questionnaire at baseline. Patients also completed the PRWE and VAS for pain and function at 3 months postoperatively. We used a hierarchical multivariable linear regression model to investigate the relative contribution of patient demographics and psychosocial factors to the pain and functional outcome at 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS After adjusting for demographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, and baseline PRWE score, we found that only the patient's expectations of treatment and how long their illness would last were associated with the total PRWE score at 3 months postoperatively. More positive patient expectations of treatment were associated with better patient-reported pain and function at 3 months postoperatively (ß = -2.0; p < 0.01), while more negative patient perceptions of how long their condition would last were associated with worse patient-reported pain and function (timeline ß = 2.7; p < 0.01). The final model accounted for 31% of the variance in the patient-reported outcome at 3 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION Patient expectations and illness perceptions are associated with patient-reported pain and functional outcomes after surgical decompression for de Quervain's tenosynovitis. Addressing misconceptions about de Quervain's tenosynovitis in terms of the consequences for patients and how long their symptoms will last should allow patients to make informed decisions about the treatment that best matches their values. Prospective studies are needed to investigate whether addressing patient expectations and illness perceptions, with decision aids for example, can improve patient-reported pain and function postoperatively in those patients who still choose surgery for de Quervain's tenosynovitis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blackburn
- J. Blackburn, N. C. Chen, Hand and Arm Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- J. Blackburn, M. J. W. van der Oest, A.-M. Vranceanu, Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- M. J. W. van der Oest, L. S. Duraku, J. M. Zuidam, R. W. Selles, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. Feitz, Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. W. Selles, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J W van der Oest
- J. Blackburn, N. C. Chen, Hand and Arm Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- J. Blackburn, M. J. W. van der Oest, A.-M. Vranceanu, Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- M. J. W. van der Oest, L. S. Duraku, J. M. Zuidam, R. W. Selles, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. Feitz, Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. W. Selles, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neal C Chen
- J. Blackburn, N. C. Chen, Hand and Arm Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- J. Blackburn, M. J. W. van der Oest, A.-M. Vranceanu, Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- M. J. W. van der Oest, L. S. Duraku, J. M. Zuidam, R. W. Selles, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. Feitz, Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. W. Selles, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier Feitz
- J. Blackburn, N. C. Chen, Hand and Arm Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- J. Blackburn, M. J. W. van der Oest, A.-M. Vranceanu, Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- M. J. W. van der Oest, L. S. Duraku, J. M. Zuidam, R. W. Selles, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. Feitz, Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. W. Selles, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liron S Duraku
- J. Blackburn, N. C. Chen, Hand and Arm Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- J. Blackburn, M. J. W. van der Oest, A.-M. Vranceanu, Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- M. J. W. van der Oest, L. S. Duraku, J. M. Zuidam, R. W. Selles, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. Feitz, Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. W. Selles, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Michiel Zuidam
- J. Blackburn, N. C. Chen, Hand and Arm Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- J. Blackburn, M. J. W. van der Oest, A.-M. Vranceanu, Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- M. J. W. van der Oest, L. S. Duraku, J. M. Zuidam, R. W. Selles, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. Feitz, Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. W. Selles, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ana-Maria Vranceanu
- J. Blackburn, N. C. Chen, Hand and Arm Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- J. Blackburn, M. J. W. van der Oest, A.-M. Vranceanu, Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- M. J. W. van der Oest, L. S. Duraku, J. M. Zuidam, R. W. Selles, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. Feitz, Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. W. Selles, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud W Selles
- J. Blackburn, N. C. Chen, Hand and Arm Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- J. Blackburn, M. J. W. van der Oest, A.-M. Vranceanu, Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- M. J. W. van der Oest, L. S. Duraku, J. M. Zuidam, R. W. Selles, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. Feitz, Hand and Wrist Center, Xpert Clinic, the Netherlands
- M. J. W. van der Oest, R. W. Selles, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Korkmaz MÇ, Tolu S, Şimşek S. A Rare Case of Flexor Tenosynovitis Due to Tuberculosis in Hand and Wrist: a Case Report. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 2021; 88:237-239. [PMID: 34228622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a worldwide problem. We present a case of flexor tenosynovitis due to tuberculosis in the hand and wrist. A 42-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic with a 2-year history of a slowly growing mass over the volar aspect of the left wrist. His MRI showed multiple rice bodies in the wrist and hand. An open biopsy was performed. Pathology specimens showed granulomatous lesions with central necrosis. The purified protein derivative (PPD) test was positive. In this case, granulomatous lesions with central necrosis, rice bodies, and positive PPD test confirmed the diagnosis of TB in the wrist and hand. There was no other concurrent evidence of TB elsewhere. Antituberculosis chemotherapy was commenced. Tuberculous tenosynovitis of the wrist and hand is very rare. The tuberculous tenosynovitis should be kept in mind as an infectious agent when patients are presenting with atypical clinical. Key words: tuberculosis, rice bodies, flexor tenosynovitis, wrist, hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ç Korkmaz
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rheumatology Division, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Tolu
- Medipol University Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Şimşek
- Bingöl State Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Bingöl, Turkey
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17
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Bogin MH, Abu Saleh OM. A Red, Swollen Finger. Mayo Clin Proc 2020; 95:2799-2800. [PMID: 33276847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H Bogin
- Internal Medicine Residency, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, MN.
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Abstract
Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis is a closed-space infection that can lead to a devastating loss of finger and hand function. It can spread rapidly into the palm, distal forearm, other digits, and nearby joints. Healthy individuals may present with no signs of systemic illness and often deny any penetrating trauma or inoculation. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are required to preserve the digit and prevent morbidity and loss of hand function. Many treatment options have been described, although all share 2 common principles: evacuation of the infection and tailored postoperative antibiotic treatment with close monitoring to ensure clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanu Goyal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hand & Upper Extremity Center, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 3200, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
| | - Amy L Speeckaert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hand & Upper Extremity Center, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 3200, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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19
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Arango CA. How best to approach these acute hand infections. J Fam Pract 2020; 69:E1-E8. [PMID: 32017836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial therapy is not straightforward with the 4 infectious conditions reviewed here. Combination therapy at the start must usually be tailored once an organism is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Arango
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, USA.
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20
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Moreno Obregón F, Del Castillo Madrigal M, Díaz Narváez F, Pérez Delgado FJ. RS3PE syndrome with positive rheumatoid factor. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2019; 15:e168-e169. [PMID: 29254743 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Abstract
Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis (PFT)is a potentially devastating closed-space infection of the flexor tendon sheath of the hand that can result in considerable morbidity. Management of PFT, regardless of the pathogen, includes prompt administration of empirical intravenous antibiotics and often surgical treatment. However, currently, there is no standardized treatment algorithm for PFT in regards to the need for, timing, or type of surgical treatment. Many utilize a combination of surgical decompression and sheath irrigation. However, despite prompt treatment, and regardless of the protocol used, complication rates can be high, leading to impaired function and even amputation of the affected digit. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of local antibiotics and corticosteroids in treating this condition and potentially preventing the morbid outcomes that are currently seen. This paper reviews the background, microbiology, and treatment options and controversies surrounding PFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Chapman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Asif M Ilyas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Murakami S, Nagano T, Nakata K, Onishi A, Umezawa K, Katsurada N, Yamamoto M, Tachihara M, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Tenosynovitis Induced by an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor: A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2019; 58:2839-2843. [PMID: 31243239 PMCID: PMC6815895 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2556-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old man underwent second-line treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pembrolizumab. On day 2 after two cycles of pembrolizumab, he presented with edema limited to the left third, fourth, and fifth fingers. Based on symptoms, laboratory results, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, we diagnosed him with tenosynovitis. We prescribed oral prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day), and pembrolizumab was continued. Prednisolone immediately relieved the symptoms, and the tumor was still shrinking on day 21 after eight cycles of pembrolizumab. ICI-induced tenosynovitis was managed while continuing ICI usage, suggesting that 0.5 mg/kg/day prednisone might be effective for tenosynovitis without ICI cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Murakami
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Nakata
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Akira Onishi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kanoko Umezawa
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Naoko Katsurada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Yamamoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Motoko Tachihara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Aizenberg E, Shamonin DP, Reijnierse M, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, Stoel BC. Automatic quantification of tenosynovitis on MRI of the wrist in patients with early arthritis: a feasibility study. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:4477-4484. [PMID: 30421014 PMCID: PMC6610273 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tenosynovitis (inflammation of the synovial lining of the sheath surrounding tendons) is frequently observed on MRI of early arthritis patients. Since visual assessment of tenosynovitis is a laborious task, we investigated the feasibility of automatic quantification of tenosynovitis on MRI of the wrist in a large cohort of early arthritis patients. METHODS For 563 consecutive early arthritis patients (clinically confirmed arthritis ≥ 1 joint, symptoms < 2 years), MR scans of the wrist were processed in three automatic stages. First, super-resolution reconstruction was applied to fuse coronal and axial scans into a single high-resolution three-dimensional image. Next, 10 extensor/flexor tendon regions were segmented using atlas-based segmentation and marker-based watershed. A measurement region of interest (ROI) was defined around the tendons. Finally, tenosynovitis was quantified by identifying image intensity values associated with tenosynovial inflammation using fuzzy clustering and measuring the fraction of voxels with these characteristic intensities within the measurement ROI. A subset of 60 patients was used for training and the remaining 503 patients for validation. Correlation between quantitative measurements and visual scores was assessed through Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS Pearson correlation between quantitative measurements and visual scores across 503 patients was r = 0.90, p < 0.001. False detections due to blood vessels and synovitis present within the measurement ROI contributed to a median offset from zero equivalent to 13.8% of the largest measurement value. CONCLUSION Quantitative measurement of tenosynovitis on MRI of the wrist is feasible and largely consistent with visual scores. Further improvements in segmentation and exclusion of false detections are warranted. KEY POINTS • Automatic measurement of tenosynovitis on MRI of the wrist is feasible and largely consistent with visual scores. • Blood vessels and synovitis in the vicinity of evaluated tendons can contribute to false detections in automatic measurements. • Further improvements in segmentation and exclusion of false detections are important directions of future work on the path to a robust quantification framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni Aizenberg
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Denis P Shamonin
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Reijnierse
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annette H M van der Helm-van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berend C Stoel
- Department of Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Infections are common in hand surgery and proper management is important to achieve optimal outcomes. Although most cases are not urgent, less common, severe infections such as flexor tenosynovitis and necrotizing fasciitis require urgent identification with both medical and surgical management. It is common for diagnoses to be missed or delayed because clinical and laboratory indicators are often variably present. Delayed identification and management can result in poor outcomes with permanent deficits. This article will provide a review of hand infections with a focus on identifying serious hand infections requiring urgent or emergent treatment, and distinguishing these from less urgent scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Koshy
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Bryce Bell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.
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25
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Elmgreen SB, Krogh S, Kasch H. [Intersection syndrome in a tetraplegic hand cyclist]. Ugeskr Laeger 2018; 180:V11170862. [PMID: 29938632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wrist tendinopathies are common overuse injuries in athletes and often associated with activities such as rowing, riding or racket sports. Correctly diagnosing the various tendinopathies is essential for management of cases refractory to initial treatment. Easily mistaken for de Quervain's tenosynovitis, the intersection syndrome may be effectively managed by simple taping negating the need for corticosteroid injection and tendon release surgery. We present an unusual case report of intersection syndrome in a tetraplegic hand cyclist following a 24-hour endurance race.
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Abstract
Atypical mycobacterial infections of upper extremity synovial-lined structures are often misdiagnosed and unrecognized. Despite an increasing incidence, lack of physician awareness of these pathogens may result in considerable delay in diagnosis and management, potentially leading to permanent disability. The authors conducted a literature review and analyzed 31 cases of penetrating atypical mycobacterial infection to better understand the clinical characteristics and to evaluate their posttreatment complication rate compared with available literature. Medical records for culture-positive cases of tenosynovial or intra-articular atypical mycobacterial infections of the upper extremity that were treated were retrospectively reviewed. Treatment outcomes were analyzed against published case reviews and case series. Thirty-one cases of penetrating atypical mycobacterial infection were identified. Mycobacterium marinum (n=11) was the most common organism and was associated with aquatic exposure. Twenty-eight cases received empiric treatment, 17 of which received contraindicated treatment. Patients saw an average of 5 physicians prior to receiving an accurate diagnosis, and the mean time to diagnosis was 10 months. All cases received antibiotic treatment in addition to surgical management. Twenty cases (68%) failed treatment outcomes. Delay in diagnosis and inappropriate management of atypical mycobacterial infections may lead to a treatment failure rate that is higher than what has been reported in the literature. Mycobacterium avium and M fortuitum had significantly higher failure rates than other organisms. A high index of suspicion is required to make a diagnosis and prevent residual disability. [Orthopedics. 2018; 41(3):e383-e388.].
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Carlin E, Urban C, Sidle J, Cirilli A, Larson J, Richman M, Dexeus D. Gonococcal Tenosynovitis Diagnosed with the Aid of Emergency Department Bedside Ultrasound. J Emerg Med 2018; 54:844-848. [PMID: 29685466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonorrhea is the second most common sexually transmitted infection. Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) consists of gonococcal infection plus one or more of the triad of arthritis, tenosynovitis, and dermatitis. Diagnosis in the emergency department (ED) must be suspected clinically, as confirmatory tests are often not available. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can aid in diagnosis and appropriate management by identifying tenosynovitis and excluding arthritis. CASE REPORT A 26-year-old man with multiple recent sex partners presented to the ED with slowly progressing right wrist pain and swelling over 5 days. His dorsal right wrist was swollen, with slightly decreased range of motion owing to mild pain, and no warmth, tenderness, erythema, or drainage. Multiple hemorrhagic, gray-purple blisters were noted over both hands. Serum white blood cell count was 12 × 103/μL; C-reactive protein was 30.3 mg/L. POCUS of the dorsal right wrist found no joint effusion; the extensor tendon sheath contained a large anechoic space with clear separation of the extensor tendons, suggesting a tendon sheath effusion/tenosynovitis. DGI was suspected, without septic arthritis. The patient was admitted and treated with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Gonococcus grew from blood cultures and pharyngeal swabs. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: DGI must be suspected clinically, as confirmatory tests are often not available in the ED. Not all patients present with arthritis, tenosynovitis, and dermatitis. It is often difficult to differentiate tenosynovitis from arthritis. POCUS can aid in diagnosis by identifying tenosynovitis (vs. arthritis or simple soft-tissue swelling), allowing timely appropriate DGI diagnosis and management, and, importantly, averting unnecessary arthrocentesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Carlin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Colleen Urban
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Sidle
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Angela Cirilli
- Emergency Ultrasound, Department of Emergency Medicine, St. John's Riverside Hospital, Yonkers, New York
| | - Jennifer Larson
- Northwell Health Department of Emergency Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York; Northwell Health Department of Internal Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Mark Richman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Daniel Dexeus
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwell Health Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
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Tamai M. [Diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:toward the best practice. The utility of MRI for clinical practice in rheumatoid arthritis.]. Clin Calcium 2018; 28:642-648. [PMID: 29731459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Imaging is important and essential for clinical practice in rheumatoid arthritis(RA). MRI and musculoskeletal ultrasonography(MSUS)are helpful to detect early as well as accurate joint injury of RA patients, and thus, potentially useful in early diagnosis, evaluating disease activity, therapeutic outcome and prediction of joint outcome. Articular synovitis, tenosynovitis and bone marrow edema are useful to predict RA progression. Bone marrow edema is closely associated with radiographic bone erosion. In addition, we are necessary to pay attention to the influence of aging that increases of MRI-detected joint changes, especially in hand and foot joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medial Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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Yao A, Sia TY, Fong D. Mycobacterium marinum and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Three Case Reports. J Hand Surg Am 2017; 42:1037.e1-1037.e5. [PMID: 28669531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium marinum is often difficult to diagnose. Infection with M. marinum in the upper extremity may involve the tendon sheaths, producing clinical manifestations such as tenosynovitis and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. We report 3 cases of M. marinum infection of the hand associated with carpal tunnel syndrome during an outbreak in New York City's Chinatown. A combination of carpal tunnel release, flexor tenosynovectomy, and appropriate antibiotics yielded complete resolution of symptoms in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Yao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
| | - Tiffany Y Sia
- Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Danny Fong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Park
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.P., S.B.N., S.E.T.) and Pathology (S.E.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (L.P., S.B.N., S.E.T.) and Pathology (S.E.T.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Sandra B Nelson
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.P., S.B.N., S.E.T.) and Pathology (S.E.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (L.P., S.B.N., S.E.T.) and Pathology (S.E.T.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Sarah E Turbett
- From the Departments of Medicine (L.P., S.B.N., S.E.T.) and Pathology (S.E.T.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (L.P., S.B.N., S.E.T.) and Pathology (S.E.T.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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Goussault C, Albert JD, Coiffier G, Lamer F, Guillin R, Le Goff B, Bouvard B, Dernis E, Ferreyra M, Cormier G, Guggenbuhl P, Perdriger A. Ultrasound characterization of ankle involvement in Löfgren syndrome. Joint Bone Spine 2017; 85:65-69. [PMID: 28343011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral ankle arthritis is a classic diagnostic criterion for Löfgren syndrome. The objective of this study was to use ultrasonography to characterize the articular and periarticular involvement of the ankles in patients with Löfgren syndrome. METHODS Multicenter descriptive cohort study of patients with Löfgren syndrome who underwent ultrasonography of the ankles. We collected clinical data, imaging study findings, blood test results, and joint fluid properties in patients who underwent joint aspiration. RESULTS Findings from ultrasonography of the ankles in 40 patients were analyzed. The most common B-mode abnormality was subcutaneous edema (26/40), followed by tenosynovitis (22/40), with no differences in frequency across compartments. Joint involvement manifested as synovitis in 7 patients and effusion in 10 patients. Synovitis with increased vascularity by power Doppler was found in 3 patients. No statistically significant associations were found linking synovitis or tenosynovitis to clinical features (age and gender), laboratory tests, or imaging study findings. CONCLUSION Contrary to the classical view, our results indicate that ankle involvement in Löfgren syndrome is more often abarticular than articular. The inclusion of bilateral ankle arthritis among the diagnostic criteria for Löfgren syndrome deserves reappraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Goussault
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Rennes, hôpital Sud, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, BP 90347, 35203 Rennes cedex 2, France.
| | - Jean-David Albert
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Rennes, hôpital Sud, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, BP 90347, 35203 Rennes cedex 2, France
| | - Guillaume Coiffier
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Rennes, hôpital Sud, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, BP 90347, 35203 Rennes cedex 2, France
| | - François Lamer
- Cabinet de rhumatologie, 21, boulevard Franklin-Roosevelt, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Guillin
- Service de radiologie, CHU de Rennes, hôpital Sud, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, BP 90347, 35203 Rennes cedex 2, France
| | - Benoit Le Goff
- Service de rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, CHU de Nantes, 1, place Alexis-Ricordeau, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - Béatrice Bouvard
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU d'Angers, 4, rue Larrey, 49933 Angers cedex 9, France
| | - Emmanuelle Dernis
- Service de rhumatologie, centre hospitalier du Mans, 194, avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Marine Ferreyra
- Service de rhumatologie, CH de Vannes, 20, boulevard Général-Maurice-Guillaudot, 56000 Vannes, France
| | - Grégoire Cormier
- Service de rhumatologie, CHD Vendée, boulevard Stéphane-Moreau, 85925 La-Roche-sur-Yon cedex 9, France
| | - Pascal Guggenbuhl
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Rennes, hôpital Sud, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, BP 90347, 35203 Rennes cedex 2, France
| | - Aleth Perdriger
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU de Rennes, hôpital Sud, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, BP 90347, 35203 Rennes cedex 2, France
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Kim CM, Lim SC, Kim J, Jang HS, Chung JH, Yun NR, Kim DM, Jha P, Jha B, Kim SW, Jang SJ, Shin JH. Tenosynovitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum infection misdiagnosed as an Alternaria species: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:72. [PMID: 28088169 PMCID: PMC5237512 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scedosporium apiospermum, which can usually be isolated from soil, polluted stream water and decaying vegetation, is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic dematiaceous fungus. The mortality rate of infection in immunocompromised hosts is over 50%. S. apiospermum is commonly responsible for dermal and epidermal infections (i.e., mycetoma) after traumatic penetration. CASE PRESENTATION A 73-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of painful swelling and tenderness on the dorsum of the proximal left wrist and hand. The symptoms had persisted for approximately 2 months. A physical examination revealed a 4 x 3 cm, poorly defined, erythematous papule, which was fluctuant, with pustules and crusts on the dorsum of the left hand. CONCLUSIONS We report a very rare case of tenosynovitis caused by S. apiospermum infection. We identified the infectious agent via molecular DNA sequencing. The infectious agent was initially misidentified as an Alternaria species by microscopic examination with lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) staining. The infection was successfully treated with debridement and adjuvant fluconazole therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoe-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Piyush Jha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Babita Jha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Jin Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Shimizu T, Akita S, Harada Y, Oguro E, Okita Y, Shigesaka M, Matsuoka H, Nii T, Teshigawara S, Kudo-Tanaka E, Tsuji S, Matsushita M, Ohshima S, Hoshida Y, Hashimoto J, Saeki Y. Sporotrichal Tenosynovitis Diagnosed Helpfully by Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography. Intern Med 2017; 56:1243-1246. [PMID: 28502945 PMCID: PMC5491825 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old man presented with persistent oligoarthritis and positive results for rheumatoid factor and was suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the musculoskeletal ultrasonography (MSUS) findings were not consistent with those of typical RA. He had undergone surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome, which allowed both histopathological and microbiological examinations to be performed. A synovial tissue culture was positive for Sporothrix schenckii, and he was diagnosed with sporotrichal tenosynovitis. He received anti-fungal therapy, and the sporotrichal tenosynovitis resolved. This case suggests that MSUS is a useful modality, and sporotrichal tenosynovitis, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimizu
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shosuke Akita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Eri Oguro
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Okita
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Minoru Shigesaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Takuro Nii
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Satoru Teshigawara
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Eriko Kudo-Tanaka
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Soichiro Tsuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masato Matsushita
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Shiro Ohshima
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | | | - Jun Hashimoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergology, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Saeki
- Department of Clinical Research, Osaka Minami Medical Center, Japan
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Yoshida H. Tenosynovitis due to pseudogout. N Z Med J 2016; 129:84-85. [PMID: 27977656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A 93-year-old woman acutely developed fever associated with pain and swelling around her left wrist. Physical examination revealed fusiform symmetric swelling of the entire digits, digits held in partial flexion, tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath and pain along the tendon with passive digits extension. Gram stain of collected fluid showed the presence of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yoshida
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Otowachinji-cho 2, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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35
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Barzel O, Avny O, Langer D, Chernofsky M, Almog G, Luria S. [STENOSING FLEXOR TENOSYNOVITIS - COMMON PRACTICE OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS, ORTHOPEDIC AND HAND SURGEONS]. Harefuah 2016; 155:150-197. [PMID: 27305747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trigger finger is a common condition of the hand that is treated by family physicians, orthopedic and hand surgeons. The patients suffer from pain, triggering of the finger and may develop a flexion contracture of the finger, causing significant functional limitations. AIM The objectives of this study were to evaluate factors involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition, as well as the differences in treatment between specialists. METHODS The different specialists were asked to rate the importance of symptoms, examination and imaging studies regarding the decision to refer a patient for surgery as well as suggest the treatment of a hypothetical patient complaining of typical symptoms. RESULTS In the 158 questionnaires collected, the complaint of limited finger range of motion and previous treatment were rated most important. Family physicians stated that age, occupation and rate of recent triggering were considered to be additional important factors (p=.0003). In comparison with hand surgeons, family physicians reported localized tenderness as important, and the need for passive release of the finger locked in flexion as less important (p=.0003). Family physicians were more likely to treat with NSAID [p= 0.0002), orthopedic surgeons with steroid injections (p=0.0004 and hand surgeons with surgery (p=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS According to this survey, we found differences in the acquaintance of physicians of different backgrounds with the clinical staging of trigger finger, specifically, the significance of finger contracture and indications for surgery. This information may guide training of physicians in all fields.
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Tekin R, Ceylan Tekin F, Ceylan Tekin R, Cevik R. Brucellosis as a primary cause of tenosynovitis of the extensor muscle of the arm. Infez Med 2015; 23:257-260. [PMID: 26397296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarticular involvement is the most frequently observed complication of brucellosis. Brucellosis tenosynovitis of the extensor tendon sheath is an extremely rare manifestation of musculoskeletal brucellosis. A 36-year-old male patient presented with described pain in his right wrist that had started six days earlier. There was also a diffuse swelling in the first finger of his right hand. The patient described fever, night sweats, widespread muscle pain and fatigue that had been going on for the last six days. Standard tube agglutination for Brucella was positive at a titre of 1/320. At diagnosis, the patient showed radiographic abnormalities. Doxycycline 200 mg/d and rifampicin 600 mg/d were given for six weeks. Complete resolution was achieved with medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Recep Tekin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Figen Ceylan Tekin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Diyarbakir State Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | - Remzi Cevik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Shaw JW, Flegg P, Sweeney J. Gonococcal tenosynovitis in two HIV-infected heterosexual men: delayed diagnoses following negative urine nucleic acid amplification testing. Int J STD AIDS 2015; 27:490-3. [PMID: 25953962 DOI: 10.1177/0956462415585253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
With recent increases in annual gonorrhoea incidence and disproportionately high infection rates amongst men who have sex with men, the clinical picture of disseminated gonococcal infection is changing. We present two cases where consideration of, and investigation for, disseminated Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection provided the answer when routine inpatient diagnostics had been unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Shaw
- Blackpool Sexual Health Services, Whitegate Health Centre, Blackpool, UK
| | - Peter Flegg
- Blackpool Sexual Health Services, Whitegate Health Centre, Blackpool, UK
| | - John Sweeney
- Blackpool Sexual Health Services, Whitegate Health Centre, Blackpool, UK
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Koura-Nishiura A, Yoneda K, Kubota Y. Cellulitis-like skin eruption of purulent tenosynovitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Acta Derm Venereol 2015; 95:501-2. [PMID: 25350731 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Koura-Nishiura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Ichihara S, Hidalgo-Diaz JJ, Prunières G, Facca S, Bodin F, Boucher S, Liverneaux P. Hyperparathyroidism-related extensor tenosynovitis at the wrist: a general review of the literature. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2015; 25:793-7. [PMID: 25637048 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-015-1596-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extensor tenosynovitis often occurs accompanying with rheumatoid arthritis, gout, trauma, mycobacterium and dialysis-related amyloidosis. However, there is no recognition of extensor tenosynovitis accompanying with hyperparathyroidism. The purpose of this general review was to describe the clinical condition and to report the results of surgical intervention in the extensor tenosynovitis at the wrist related to hyperparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism is thought to be a rare disease in adult. Although renal symptoms are the commonest symptom, musculoskeletal complaints also occur in hyperparathyroidism. From our general review, hyperparathyroidism deserves consideration in the differential diagnosis of extensor tenosynovitis at the wrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ichihara
- Department of Hand Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospitals, FMTS, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Icube CNRS 7357, 10 av Baumann, 67403, Illkirch, France
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Yamamoto K, Takasaki J, Morino E, Kobayashi N, Sugiyama H. [Tenosynovitis confirmed by MRI during anti-tuberculous treatment suspected due to isoniazid--2 case reports and literature review]. Kekkaku 2014; 89:659-665. [PMID: 25195301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis agents is an important problem for treatment of tuberculosis. We report 2 possible cases of isoniazid-induced tenosynovitis. Case 1: A 49-year-old man with untreated diabetic mellitus presented with hypesthesia and difficulty grasping with his right hand 1 month after starting treatment of tuberculosis of the lung and pleuritis using isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. His symptoms were due to tenosynovitis, which was detected by magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical course and isoniazid challenge test revealed that the condition was related to isoniazid. After discontinuing isoniazid treatment, his symptoms gradually improved. Case 2: An 78-year-old man operated on for rectal cancer 3 weeks previously presented with edema and arthralgia of both hands 1 month after starting anti-tuberculosis treatment. His tuberculosis was diagnosed at preoperative screening tests for rectal cancer. Owing to a medical history of gout, pyrazinamide was discontinued. However, his symptoms did not improve. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed findings indicative of tenosynovitis. At the end of anti-tuberculosis treatment, his symptoms improved slightly within 6 months. Isoniazid-induced tenosynovitis and arthritis are rare adverse effects. However, they may be underestimated because the severity is variable. We suggest further investigations of the side effects of isoniazid using imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging.
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Frikha F, Bahloul Z. Ténosynovite tuberculeuse des extenseurs de la main: localisation rare de la tuberculose. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 17:166. [PMID: 25120879 PMCID: PMC4119454 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.17.166.3568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Faten Frikha
- Service de Médecine interne, CHU Hédi Chaker 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Zouhir Bahloul
- Service de Médecine interne, CHU Hédi Chaker 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
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43
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Formanoy E, Lam HY, Arends JE. Tenosynovitis of the right hand. Mycobacterium kansasii. Neth J Med 2013; 71:526-530. [PMID: 24394739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Formanoy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Kavirayani A, Thyagarajan MS, Ellis J, Strike H, Ramanan AV. Scarring following steroid tendon sheath injections for tenosynovitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a single-centre experience. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31:814-815. [PMID: 23981458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Kavirayani
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.
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Choi JJ, Ban WH, Jung YH, Bae MN, Baek IW, Kim KJ, Cho CS. Mycobacterial tenosynovitis of the hand in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2013; 16:364-6. [PMID: 23981763 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cheung K, Hatchell A, Thoma A. Approach to traumatic hand injuries for primary care physicians. Can Fam Physician 2013; 59:614-618. [PMID: 23766041 PMCID: PMC3681444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the initial management of common traumatic hand injuries seen by primary care physicians. SOURCES OF INFORMATION Current clinical evidence and literature identified through MEDLINE electronic database searches was reviewed. Expert opinion was used to supplement recommendations for areas with little evidence. MAIN MESSAGE Primary care physicians must routinely manage patients with acute traumatic hand injuries. In the context of a clinical case, we review the assessment, diagnosis, and initial management of common traumatic hand injuries. The presentation and management of nail bed injuries, fingertip amputations, mallet fingers, hand fractures, tendon lacerations, bite injuries, and infectious tenosynovitis will also be discussed. The principles of managing traumatic hand injuries involve the reduction and immobilization of fractures, obtaining post-reduction x-ray scans, obtaining soft tissue coverage, preventing and treating infection, and ensuring tetanus prophylaxis. CONCLUSION Proper assessment and management of traumatic hand injuries is essential to prevent substantial long-term morbidity in this generally otherwise healthy population. Early recognition of injuries that require urgent or emergent referral to a hand surgeon is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Cheung
- McMaster University, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, 4E12, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Liira H, Haukka E, Karppinen J, Linnanen P, Malmivaara A, Pasternack I, Sirola J, Viikari-Juntura E, Waris E. [Update in Current Care guidelines: repetitive strain injuries of the hand and forearm]. Duodecim 2013; 129:1340-1341. [PMID: 23901734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive strain injuriesof the upper extremities refer to pain in the forearm, wrist and hand, caused by excessive strain. Diagnoses include tenosynovitis, epicondylitis and carpal tunnel syndrome. Treatment is aimed at alleviating pain, restoring normal physical functioning and maintain ability to work. Preventive interventions have shown some attenuation of discomfort but no effects on disease prevalance or sick leave days. Return to work interventions seem to decrease length of sickness absences. Part time work has hastened return to work and decreased sickness absences in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Schmidt WA, Schicke B, Ostendorf B, Scherer A, Krause A, Walther M. Low-field MRI versus ultrasound: which is more sensitive in detecting inflammation and bone damage in MCP and MTP joints in mild or moderate rheumatoid arthritis? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2013; 31:91-96. [PMID: 23111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present paper is to determine if the ultrasound of hands and feet is comparable to the MRI of the dominant hand to detect erosive disease and inflammation in mild or moderate rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Twenty-six patients (14 females; mean age, 48 years) with active mild or moderate RA (mean DAS28, 3.9; mean disease duration, 19 months) were examined clinically, by ultrasound and by gadolinium-enhanced low-field MRI at baseline, after 6 and 12 months (78 examinations). Radiographs from hands and forefeet were taken at baseline and after 12 months. MRI was performed at the clinically most active (dominant) hand or forefoot evaluating the MCP 1-5 or MTP 1-5 joints. Ultrasound examination additionally included all other 2nd, 5th MCP and 5th MTP joints. RESULTS MRI and ultrasound detected erosive disease in 67 and 56 of 78 examinations, respectively (p<0.01); radiography only in 8 of 52 examinations (p<0.001). MRI and ultrasound were equally sensitive to detect synovitis (in 64 and 66 examinations). Synovial power Doppler signals were present in 38 ultrasound examinations. Bone marrow oedema was present in 37 MRI examinations. Ultrasound was more sensitive than MRI to detect tenosynovitis (in 30 vs. 15 examinations; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS MRI of the dominant hand and bilateral ultrasound of MCP and MTP joints are superior to x-ray to detect erosive disease in mild and moderate RA. MRI is slightly, but significantly more sensitive than ultrasound for erosive disease, while ultrasound is more sensitive to detect tenosynovitis. Ultrasound and MRI are comparably sensitive to detect synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang A Schmidt
- Immanuel Krankenhaus Berlin, Medical Center for Rheumatology Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany.
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Al-Hadithy N, Panagiotidou A, Hamilton S. A painful swollen finger. BMJ 2012; 344:e3441. [PMID: 22674926 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.e3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Al-Hadithy
- Plastic Surgery Department, St John's Hospital, Livingston EH54 6PP, UK.
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