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Moon KB, Jeon JH, Choi H, Park JS, Park SJ, Lee HJ, Park JM, Cho HS, Moon JS, Oh H, Kang S, Mason HS, Kwon SY, Kim HS. Construction of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles in plant. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1005. [PMID: 35046461 PMCID: PMC8770512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a public health emergency, and research on the development of various types of vaccines is rapidly progressing at an unprecedented development speed internationally. Some vaccines have already been approved for emergency use and are being supplied to people around the world, but there are still many ongoing efforts to create new vaccines. Virus-like particles (VLPs) enable the construction of promising platforms in the field of vaccine development. Here, we demonstrate that non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 VLPs can be successfully assembled by co-expressing three important viral proteins membrane (M), envelop (E) and nucleocapsid (N) in plants. Plant-derived VLPs were purified by sedimentation through a sucrose cushion. The shape and size of plant-derived VLPs are similar to native SARS-CoV-2 VLPs without spike. Although the assembled VLPs do not have S protein spikes, they could be developed as formulations that can improve the immunogenicity of vaccines including S antigens, and further could be used as platforms that can carry S antigens of concern for various mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Beom Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Jeon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukjun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-Gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Oh
- Core Facility Management Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebyung Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, UNIST-Gil 50, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh S Mason
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy (CIVV), The Biodesign Institute at ASU, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Tan TH, Patton E, Munro CA, Corzo-Leon DE, Porter AJ, Palliyil S. Monoclonal Human Antibodies That Recognise the Exposed N and C Terminal Regions of the Often-Overlooked SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a Transmembrane Protein. Viruses 2021; 13:2201. [PMID: 34835009 PMCID: PMC8624585 DOI: 10.3390/v13112201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ORF3a has been identified as a viroporin of SARS-CoV-2 and is known to be involved in various pathophysiological activities including disturbance of cellular calcium homeostasis, inflammasome activation, apoptosis induction and disruption of autophagy. ORF3a-targeting antibodies may specifically and favorably modulate these viroporin-dependent pathological activities. However, suitable viroporin-targeting antibodies are difficult to generate because of the well-recognized technical challenge associated with isolating antibodies to complex transmembrane proteins. Here we exploited a naïve human single chain antibody phage display library, to isolate binders against carefully chosen ORF3a recombinant epitopes located towards the extracellular N terminal and cytosolic C terminal domains of the protein using peptide antigens. These binders were subjected to further characterization using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and surface plasmon resonance analysis to assess their binding affinities to the target epitopes. Binding to full-length ORF3a protein was evaluated by western blot and fluorescent microscopy using ORF3a transfected cells and SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Co-localization analysis was also performed to evaluate the "pairing potential" of the selected binders as possible alternative diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19 infections. Both ORF3a N and C termini, epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies were identified in our study. Whilst the linear nature of peptides might not always represent their native conformations in the context of full protein, with carefully designed selection protocols, we have been successful in isolating anti-ORF3a binders capable of recognising regions of the transmembrane protein that are exposed either on the "inside" or "outside" of the infected cell. Their therapeutic potential will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyng Hwey Tan
- Scottish Biologics Facility, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (T.H.T.); (E.P.)
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.A.M.); (D.E.C.-L.)
| | - Elizabeth Patton
- Scottish Biologics Facility, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (T.H.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Carol A. Munro
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.A.M.); (D.E.C.-L.)
| | - Dora E. Corzo-Leon
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (C.A.M.); (D.E.C.-L.)
| | - Andrew J. Porter
- Scottish Biologics Facility, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (T.H.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Soumya Palliyil
- Scottish Biologics Facility, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZP, UK; (T.H.T.); (E.P.)
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Mytle N, Leyrer S, Inglefield JR, Harris AM, Hickey TE, Minang J, Lu H, Ma Z, Andersen H, Grubaugh ND, Guina T, Skiadopoulos MH, Lacy MJ. Influenza Antigens NP and M2 Confer Cross Protection to BALB/c Mice against Lethal Challenge with H1N1, Pandemic H1N1 or H5N1 Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:1708. [PMID: 34578289 PMCID: PMC8473317 DOI: 10.3390/v13091708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is considered a major protective antigen of seasonal influenza vaccine but antigenic drift of HA necessitates annual immunizations using new circulating HA versions. Low variation found within conserved non-HA influenza virus (INFV) antigens may maintain protection with less frequent immunizations. Conserved antigens of influenza A virus (INFV A) that can generate cross protection against multiple INFV strains were evaluated in BALB/c mice using modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vectored vaccines that expressed INFV A antigens hemagglutinin (HA), matrix protein 1 (M1), nucleoprotein (NP), matrix protein 2 (M2), repeats of the external portion of M2 (M2e) or as tandem repeats (METR), and M2e with transmembrane region and cytoplasmic loop (M2eTML). Protection by combinations of non-HA antigens was equivalent to that of subtype-matched HA. Combinations of NP and forms of M2e generated serum antibody responses and protected mice against lethal INFV A challenge using PR8, pandemic H1N1 A/Mexico/4108/2009 (pH1N1) or H5N1 A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) viruses, as demonstrated by reduced lung viral burden and protection against weight loss. The highest levels of protection were obtained with NP and M2e antigens delivered as MVA inserts, resulting in broadly protective immunity in mice and enhancement of previous natural immunity to INFV A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Mytle
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Agency, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA
| | - Sonja Leyrer
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jon R. Inglefield
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Andrea M. Harris
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Thomas E. Hickey
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jacob Minang
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
- Optimal Health Care, 11377 Robinwood Dr, Hagerstown, MD 21742, USA
| | - Hang Lu
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Zhidong Ma
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
| | - Hanné Andersen
- BIOQUAL, Inc., 12301 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Tina Guina
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Mario H. Skiadopoulos
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J. Lacy
- Emergent BioSolutions, 300 Professional Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA; (N.M.); (S.L.); (J.R.I.); (A.M.H.); (T.E.H.); (J.M.); (H.L.); (Z.M.); (N.D.G.); (T.G.); (M.H.S.)
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