[Synthesis and biological activity of anomeric muramoyldipeptide butylglycosides]

The synthesis of anomeric butyl glycosides of muramyl dipeptide was reported. alpha-Butyl glycoside of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine was 4,6-O-benzylidenated and the benzylidene derivative was 3-O-alkylated by the Williamson reaction with sodium (S)-2-chloropropionate. The resulting protected alpha-butyl glycoside of muramic acid was then condensed with L-Ala-D-iGln-OBzl by the DCC-HOSu method. Mild acidic hydrolysis and subsequent catalytic hydrogenolysis of the resulting glycopeptide yielded the target alpha-butyl glycoside of N-acetyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine. In the synthesis of beta-butyl glycoside of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, 2-acetamido- 4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-alpha- D-glucopyranose, a 1-OH derivative of muramic acid, was the key compound. Its interaction with the excess thionyl chloride resulted in the corresponding glycosyl halide, which was condensed with n-butanol according to Helferich. O-Deacetylation, 4,6-isopropylidenation, and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis of the resulting compound gave the protected beta-butyl glycoside of muramic acid. Its activation and condensation with L-Ala-D-iGln-OBzl and the subsequent removal of protective groups were performed in the same manner as the reactions in the synthesis of alpha-butyl glycoside of N-acetyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine. The adjuvant activity of the butyl glycosides to HIV proteins rgp160 and rgp120 and their ability to affect in vitro HIV replication and the proliferation of mouse spleen T-cells were examined. The biological activity of anomeric muramyl dipeptides was shown to depend essentially on the configuration of their anomeric center.

[The use of the immunoperoxidase test with monoclonal antibodies for detecting influenza A viruses]

The immunoperoxidase test was used to detect influenza virus in cells of a chorionallanthois shell of infected chicken embryos. Application of monoclonal antibodies D8 and A11 in the analysis has permitted detecting reproduction of type A (subtypes H1N1, H2N2, H3N2) viruses, the PGA titre of the respective allantois liquids being not lower than 1:16. The matrix protein and hemagglutinin, detection of which underlies this analysis, were found on the cell membrane, in the perinucleus region and as cytoplasmic inclusions.

[The use of monoclonal antibodies for detecting the influenza virus]

The possibilities of using influenza A (Leningrad) 385/80 (H3N2) virus matrix protein-specific FITC-labeled D8 monoclonal antibodies in immunofluorescence assays were investigated. The virus antigen accumulation was detected in chorioallantoic cells of chick embryos. Exhibiting the type-specific properties, the fluorescent antibodies stain the perinuclear space, cytoplasmic membrane, and granular structures in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The haemagglutination test tires in the corresponding specimens were at least 1:16.

[The stimulation of the proliferative reaction of immune splenocytes by monoclonal antibodies to the beta-chain of the LFA-1 molecule can lead to an increase in their cytotoxicity]

A system for investigation of relationship between proliferation and cytotoxicity of immune splenocytes fractions stimulated by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to beta-chain LFA-1 molecule was elaborated. To obtain different proportional contents of effector cells in populations, the immune splenocytes were eluted from donor, third-party, and recipient macrophage monolayers. Cytotoxic indices of effector splenocyte fractions were compared before and after their proliferation in mixed lymphocyte culture. The results do not exclude the role of proliferation in increasing the effector cells proportions in populations stimulated by mAb to beta-chain LFA-1 molecule.

[Monoclonal antibodies to the beta-chain of the LFA-1 molecule promote an increase in the cytotoxic index of effector lymphocytes and stimulate their proliferation]

The influence of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to LFA-1 molecule beta-chain on the functional activities of immune splenocyte fractions which were eluted from donor, third party and recipient macrophage monolayers was studied. The splenocyte fractions were treated with the mAb and tested for cytotoxicity and proliferation. MAb to LFA-1 molecule beta-chain (without co-stimulation by other antibodies) were found to stimulate the immune response of the splenocyte fractions in both functional tests. The observed effect might be non-specific. The relationship between the stimulation of proliferative and cytotoxic responses of the immune splenocyte fractions and the treatment with mAb of LFA-I molecule beta-chain remains obscure.

[Monoclonal antibodies to the influenza A virus matrix protein that react with viral strains of different subtypes]

To obtain hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to matrix (M) protein of influenza virus, mice were immunized with a modified antigen which consisted of subvirus units after electrophoretic removal of surface glycoproteins from virions using Desintegnon-O detergent. Six stable hybrid cultures producing MCA to M-protein were derived. The properties of MCA to the antigen determinant common for a group of influenza A virus strains of different subtypes allow them to be used in the development of a test-system for diagnosis of influenza A type.