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Kinsler VA, Drury S, Khan A, Waelchli R, Rukaite G, Barnicoat A, Lench N, Harper JI, O'Shaughnessy RFL. A novel microdeletion in LOR causing autosomal dominant loricrin keratoderma. Br J Dermatol 2014; 172:262-4. [PMID: 25142840 PMCID: PMC4303979 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V A Kinsler
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London, WC1N 1EJ, U.K; Paediatric Dermatology, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, U.K
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2
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Travaglini L, Brancati F, Attie-Bitach T, Audollent S, Bertini E, Kaplan J, Perrault I, Iannicelli M, Mancuso B, Rigoli L, Rozet JM, Swistun D, Tolentino J, Dallapiccola B, Gleeson JG, Valente EM, Zankl A, Leventer R, Grattan-Smith P, Janecke A, D'Hooghe M, Sznajer Y, Van Coster R, Demerleir L, Dias K, Moco C, Moreira A, Kim CA, Maegawa G, Petkovic D, Abdel-Salam GMH, Abdel-Aleem A, Zaki MS, Marti I, Quijano-Roy S, Sigaudy S, de Lonlay P, Romano S, Touraine R, Koenig M, Lagier-Tourenne C, Messer J, Collignon P, Wolf N, Philippi H, Kitsiou Tzeli S, Halldorsson S, Johannsdottir J, Ludvigsson P, Phadke SR, Udani V, Stuart B, Magee A, Lev D, Michelson M, Ben-Zeev B, Fischetto R, Benedicenti F, Stanzial F, Borgatti R, Accorsi P, Battaglia S, Fazzi E, Giordano L, Pinelli L, Boccone L, Bigoni S, Ferlini A, Donati MA, Caridi G, Divizia MT, Faravelli F, Ghiggeri G, Pessagno A, Briguglio M, Briuglia S, Salpietro CD, Tortorella G, Adami A, Castorina P, Lalatta F, Marra G, Riva D, Scelsa B, Spaccini L, Uziel G, Del Giudice E, Laverda AM, Ludwig K, Permunian A, Suppiej A, Signorini S, Uggetti C, Battini R, Di Giacomo M, Cilio MR, Di Sabato ML, Leuzzi V, Parisi P, Pollazzon M, Silengo M, De Vescovi R, Greco D, Romano C, Cazzagon M, Simonati A, Al-Tawari AA, Bastaki L, Mégarbané A, Sabolic Avramovska V, de Jong MM, Stromme P, Koul R, Rajab A, Azam M, Barbot C, Martorell Sampol L, Rodriguez B, Pascual-Castroviejo I, Teber S, Anlar B, Comu S, Karaca E, Kayserili H, Yüksel A, Akcakus M, Al Gazali L, Sztriha L, Nicholl D, Woods CG, Bennett C, Hurst J, Sheridan E, Barnicoat A, Hennekam R, Lees M, Blair E, Bernes S, Sanchez H, Clark AE, DeMarco E, Donahue C, Sherr E, Hahn J, Sanger TD, Gallager TE, Dobyns WB, Daugherty C, Krishnamoorthy KS, Sarco D, Walsh CA, McKanna T, Milisa J, Chung WK, De Vivo DC, Raynes H, Schubert R, Seward A, Brooks DG, Goldstein A, Caldwell J, Finsecke E, Maria BL, Holden K, Cruse RP, Swoboda KJ, Viskochil D. Expanding CEP290 mutational spectrum in ciliopathies. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2173-80. [PMID: 19764032 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are an expanding group of rare conditions characterized by multiorgan involvement, that are caused by mutations in genes encoding for proteins of the primary cilium or its apparatus. Among these genes, CEP290 bears an intriguing allelic spectrum, being commonly mutated in Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD), Meckel syndrome (MKS), Senior-Loken syndrome and isolated Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA). Although these conditions are recessively inherited, in a subset of patients only one CEP290 mutation could be detected. To assess whether genomic rearrangements involving the CEP290 gene could represent a possible mutational mechanism in these cases, exon dosage analysis on genomic DNA was performed in two groups of CEP290 heterozygous patients, including five JSRD/MKS cases and four LCA, respectively. In one JSRD patient, we identified a large heterozygous deletion encompassing CEP290 C-terminus that resulted in marked reduction of mRNA expression. No copy number alterations were identified in the remaining probands. The present work expands the CEP290 genotypic spectrum to include multiexon deletions. Although this mechanism does not appear to be frequent, screening for genomic rearrangements should be considered in patients in whom a single CEP290 mutated allele was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Travaglini
- CSS-Mendel Institute, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Upadhyaya M, Huson SM, Davies M, Thomas N, Chuzhanova N, Giovannini S, Evans DG, Howard E, Kerr B, Griffiths S, Consoli C, Side L, Adams D, Pierpont M, Hachen R, Barnicoat A, Li H, Wallace P, Van Biervliet JP, Stevenson D, Viskochil D, Baralle D, Haan E, Riccardi V, Turnpenny P, Lazaro C, Messiaen L. An absence of cutaneous neurofibromas associated with a 3-bp inframe deletion in exon 17 of the NF1 gene (c.2970-2972 delAAT): evidence of a clinically significant NF1 genotype-phenotype correlation. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 80:140-51. [PMID: 17160901 PMCID: PMC1785321 DOI: 10.1086/510781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 11/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, skinfold freckling, and cutaneous neurofibromas. No obvious relationships between small mutations (<20 bp) of the NF1 gene and a specific phenotype have previously been demonstrated, which suggests that interaction with either unlinked modifying genes and/or the normal NF1 allele may be involved in the development of the particular clinical features associated with NF1. We identified 21 unrelated probands with NF1 (14 familial and 7 sporadic cases) who were all found to have the same c.2970-2972 delAAT (p.990delM) mutation but no cutaneous neurofibromas or clinically obvious plexiform neurofibromas. Molecular analysis identified the same 3-bp inframe deletion (c.2970-2972 delAAT) in exon 17 of the NF1 gene in all affected subjects. The Delta AAT mutation is predicted to result in the loss of one of two adjacent methionines (codon 991 or 992) ( Delta Met991), in conjunction with silent ACA-->ACG change of codon 990. These two methionine residues are located in a highly conserved region of neurofibromin and are expected, therefore, to have a functional role in the protein. Our data represent results from the first study to correlate a specific small mutation of the NF1 gene to the expression of a particular clinical phenotype. The biological mechanism that relates this specific mutation to the suppression of cutaneous neurofibroma development is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Upadhyaya
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
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Barber JCK, Zhang S, Friend N, Collins AL, Maloney VK, Hastings R, Farren B, Barnicoat A, Polityko AD, Rumyantseva NV, Starke H, Ye S. Duplications of proximal 16q flanked by heterochromatin are not euchromatic variants and show no evidence of heterochromatic position effect. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:351-8. [PMID: 16954678 DOI: 10.1159/000094225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra euchromatic material was found within the major heterochromatic block of chromosome 16 (16qh) in one de novo case and seven members of two families. In contrast to the euchromatic variants of chromosome 9 (9qh), which are derived from pericentromeric euchromatin, molecular cytogenetics confirmed that these duplications were of 16q11.2-->q12.2 in the de novo case, of 16q11.2-->q13 in three members of family 1 and 16q11.2-->q12.1 in four members of family 2. The duplication had arisen as a post-zygotic mitotic event in the mother of family 1 and been transmitted paternally in family 2. An insertional mechanism of origin is proposed for the duplications in case 1 and family 1. Expression at the 16q13 matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2)locus in families 1 and 2 was proportional to genomic copy number and not therefore consistent with position effect silencing due to the flanking blocks of heterochromatin. We conclude that proximal 16q duplications within 16qh are not novel euchromatic variants but associated with a variable phenotype including developmental delay, speech delay, learning difficulties and behavioural problems. The behavioural problems in families ascertained through affected children are much less severe than those encountered in previous patients ascertained as adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C K Barber
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK.
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McKee SA, Barnicoat A, Fryer A, Flinter F, McCormick D, McKeown C. Joint and skin laxity with Dandy-Walker malformation and contractures: a distinct recessive syndrome? Clin Dysmorphol 2001; 10:177-80. [PMID: 11446409 DOI: 10.1097/00019605-200107000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a girl who has joint and skin laxity with atrophic scarring, and was diagnosed at birth with a Dandy-Walker malformation. She subsequently developed joint contractures, hydrocephalus and syringomyelia. This case shows some similarities to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI, but with no evidence of lysyl hydroxylase deficiency or ocular fragility. It is likely that she represents a distinct and recognizable syndrome. There was parental consanguinity and a subsequent pregnancy resulted in a similarly affected fetus, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McKee
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Rickard S, Parker M, van't Hoff W, Barnicoat A, Russell-Eggitt I, Winter RM, Bitner-Glindzicz M. Oto-facio-cervical (OFC) syndrome is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving EYA1: molecular analysis confirms allelism with BOR syndrome and further narrows the Duane syndrome critical region to 1 cM. Hum Genet 2001; 108:398-403. [PMID: 11409867 DOI: 10.1007/s004390100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder involving hearing loss, branchial defects, ear pits and renal abnormalities. Oto-facio-cervical (OFC) syndrome is clinically similar to BOR syndrome, with clinical features in addition to those of BOR syndrome. Mutations in the EYA1 gene (localised to 8q13.3) account for nearly 70% of BOR syndrome cases exhibiting at least three of the major features. Small intragenic deletions of the 3' region of the gene have also been reported in patients with BOR syndrome. We have developed a fluorescent quantitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction for three 3' exons (7, 9 and 13) of the EYA1 gene. This dosage assay, combined with microsatellite marker analysis, has identified de novo deletions of the EYA1 gene and surrounding region in two patients with complex phenotypes involving features of BOR syndrome. One patient with OFC syndrome carried a large deletion of the EYA1 gene region, confirming that OFC syndrome is allelic with BOR syndrome. Microsatellite analysis has shown that comparison of the boundaries of this large deletion with other reported rearrangements of the region reduces the critical region for Duane syndrome (an eye movement disorder) to between markers D8S553 and D8S1797, a genetic distance of approximately 1 cM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rickard
- The North Thames (East) Regional Clinical Molecular Genetics Laboratory, London, UK
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Buiting K, Barnicoat A, Lich C, Pembrey M, Malcolm S, Horsthemke B. Disruption of the bipartite imprinting center in a family with Angelman syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2001; 68:1290-4. [PMID: 11283796 PMCID: PMC1226110 DOI: 10.1086/320120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2001] [Accepted: 03/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting in 15q11-q13 is controlled by a bipartite imprinting center (IC), which maps to the SNURF-SNRPN locus. Deletions of the exon 1 region impair the establishment or maintenance of the paternal imprint and can cause Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Deletions of a region 35 kb upstream of exon 1 impair maternal imprinting and can cause Angelman syndrome (AS). So far, in all affected sibs with an imprinting defect, an inherited IC deletion was identified. We report on two sibs with AS who do not have an IC deletion but instead have a 1-1.5 Mb inversion separating the two IC elements. The inversion is transmitted silently through the male germline but impairs maternal imprinting after transmission through the female germline. Our findings suggest that the close proximity and/or the correct orientation of the two IC elements are/is necessary for the establishment of a maternal imprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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de Vries BB, Lees M, Knight SJ, Regan R, Corney D, Flint J, Barnicoat A, Winter RM. Submicroscopic 8pter deletion, mild mental retardation, and behavioral problems caused by a familial t(8;20)(p23;p13). Am J Med Genet 2001; 99:314-9. [PMID: 11251999 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Microscopically visible distal 8p deletions have been associated with growth and mental impairment, minor facial anomalies, congenital heart defects, and behavioral problems. We report two cousins with mild retardation and behavioral problems, including inappropriate sexual behavior and pyromania. Familial learning difficulties on the grandfather's side incompatible with Mendelian inheritance prompted telomere screening, which detected a submicroscopic terminal 8p deletion of < 5.1 Mb. The cousins' mothers both carried a t(8;20)(p23;p13) balanced translocation. The frequently observed microcephaly in patients with microscopically visible deletions of 8pter is lacking in both cousins, suggesting that the gene(s) causing the microcephaly is centromeric to the deleted region. The absence of cardiac defects in the cousins confirms the more proximal location of gene(s) causing these abnormalities in other reported cases with microscopically visible 8pter deletions and supports involvement of the GATA4 gene. Moreover, the current cases predict the presence of a putative gene(s) involved in behavior in the most telomeric 5.1 Mb of the p-arm of chromosome 8. This first clinical report of a submicroscopic subtelomeric 8p deletion gives more insight into the so-called 8p- syndrome and demonstrates the difficulty in making a clinical diagnosis for a submicroscopic 8pter deletion in an individual patient with mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B de Vries
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Buiting K, Lich C, Cottrell S, Barnicoat A, Horsthemke B. A 5-kb imprinting center deletion in a family with Angelman syndrome reduces the shortest region of deletion overlap to 880 bp. Hum Genet 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/s004390051160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Buiting K, Lich C, Cottrell S, Barnicoat A, Horsthemke B. A 5-kb imprinting center deletion in a family with Angelman syndrome reduces the shortest region of deletion overlap to 880 bp. Hum Genet 1999; 105:665-6. [PMID: 10647904 DOI: 10.1007/s004399900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Imprinting on human chromosome 15q11-q13 is controlled by a bipartite imprinting center (IC) that maps to the SNRPN locus. Deletions of the IC result in an imprinting defect and Prader-Willi syndrome or Angelman syndrome (AS). We have now identified a 5-kb IC deletion in an English AS patient (AS-LO); this represents the smallest microdeletion found in AS and narrows down the shortest region of deletion overlap to 880 bp.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buiting
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Germany.
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Abstract
In order to assess some aspects of the quality of care for families seeking the cause of their child(ren)s intellectual disability, a postal questionnaire was sent to parents of children with fragile-X syndrome, who were members of the UK Fragile-X Society. Although the interval taken to get a diagnosis ('lagtime') has fallen over time, other aspects of care could still be improved. Most families feel that having a diagnosis is an advantage, but many still find the diagnostic process distressing and feel unsupported. Not all families are referred for genetic counselling, and even those who are do not always understand or retain the information given. Most families feel that having a diagnosis is a benefit rather than a disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Carmichael
- Mothercare Unit of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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12
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Randomised study of risk of fetal loss related to early amniocentesis versus chorionic villus sampling. J Med Genet 1998. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Presence of fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum. J Med Genet 1998. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.4.345-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Screening of newborn babies for familial ureteric reflux. J Med Genet 1998. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.3.260-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Prevalence of Pro250Arg mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 in coronal craniosynostosis. J Med Genet 1998. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.3.260-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gringras P, Barnicoat A. Retesting for fragile X syndrome in cytogenetically normal males. Dev Med Child Neurol 1998; 40:62-4. [PMID: 9459219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This case series describes four males who presented with learning and behavioural difficulties. In each case, the diagnosis of fragile X syndrome was delayed because of an initial false-negative cytogenetic result. Although most children are currently investigated for fragile X syndrome using highly sensitive and specific molecular techniques, there still remain a large number of older children who have been tested using only cytogenetic analysis. The clinical presentation of these four children and the reason for the occurrence of the false-negative results are considered. In addition, there is a discussion and illustration of how a screening checklist can be used to help clinicians to decide which children should be retested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gringras
- Harper House Children's Service, Radlett, Herts, UK
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17
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18
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Paavola P, Salonen R, Baumer A, Schinzel A, Boyd PA, Gould S, Meusburger H, Tenconi R, Barnicoat A, Winter R, Peltonen L. Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in Meckel syndrome. Hum Genet 1997; 101:88-92. [PMID: 9385376 DOI: 10.1007/s004390050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a lethal malformation syndrome characterised by posterior meningoencephalocele, polycystic kidneys, fibrotic changes of the liver, and polydactyly. We have previously shown a linkage to chromosome 17q in 17 Finnish Meckel families. In this study we have analysed one Italian, one Austrian (of Turkish origin) and three British MKS families (Caucasian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi families) for linkage to the MKS locus on chromosome 17q22-q24. We did not observe co-segregation of the disease and marker haplotypes in the Austrian family or in the three British families, of which two represented classical MKS and one a slightly atypical MKS phenotype with longer survival of the patient. In the Italian family the affected and non-affected children did not share the same maternal chromosome and thus this family could represent the same allelic disease as the Finnish MKS families. These results suggest locus heterogeneity in Meckel syndrome--a feature previously suspected based on the highly variable clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Paavola
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among Sardinia-heritage children born in Lazio region, Italy. J Med Genet 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.7.613-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.7.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Familial intracranial aneurysms. J Med Genet 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.7.613-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Barnicoat A. Non-invasive perinatal necropsy by magnetic resonance imaging. J Med Genet 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.4.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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23
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Effect of detailed fetal echocardiography as part of routine prenatal ultrasonographic screening on detection of congenital heart disease. J Med Genet 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Molecular genetic tests as a guide to surgical management of familial adenomatous polyposis. J Med Genet 1997. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.2.173-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Specificity, sensitivity, and predictive value of apolipoprotein-E genotyping for sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.12.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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26
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Evidence for genetic basis of multiple sclerosis. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.11.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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27
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Barnicoat A, Salman M, Chitty L, Baraitser M. A distinctive overgrowth syndrome with polysyndactyly. Clin Dysmorphol 1996; 5:339-46. [PMID: 8905200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a female infant with 3-4 syndactyly of the fingers and postaxial polydactyly of all four limbs. She was large at birth and died at the age of 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barnicoat
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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28
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.9.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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29
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Genetic variation in bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene promoter and Gilbert's syndrome. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.8.718-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Prenatal screening for cystic fibrosis: 5 years' experience reviewed. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.7.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.7.628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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32
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Prognostic implications of fetal echogenic bowel. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.6.524-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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33
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Neurodegeneration and diabetes: UK nationwide study of Wolfram (DIDMOAD) syndrome. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.3.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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34
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Linkage to BRCA 2 region in hereditary male breast cancer. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.2.171-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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35
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Fibrosing colonopathy in cystic fibrosis: results of a case-control study. J Med Genet 1996. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Gene transfer to primary chronic granulomatous disease monocytes. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.11.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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37
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.10.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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38
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Rapid antibody test for fragile X syndrome. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.9.755-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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39
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Comparison of women who do and do not have amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.8.666-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.7.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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41
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens in the absence of cystic fibrosis. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.5.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Maternal mild hyperphenylalaninaemia: an international survey of offspring outcome. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.5.403-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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43
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Ultrasound measurement of placental thickness to detect pregnancies affected by homozygous -thalassaemia-1. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.2.156-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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44
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.2.157-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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45
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Mutation analysis in patients with possible but apparently sporadic Huntington's disease. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.1.76-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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46
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Barnicoat A. Medical genetics: advances in brief: Rapid direct diagnosis of deletion carriers of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. J Med Genet 1995. [DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Rousseau F, Heitz D, Tarleton J, MacPherson J, Malmgren H, Dahl N, Barnicoat A, Mathew C, Mornet E, Tejada I. A multicenter study on genotype-phenotype correlations in the fragile X syndrome, using direct diagnosis with probe StB12.3: the first 2,253 cases. Am J Hum Genet 1994; 55:225-37. [PMID: 8037202 PMCID: PMC1918361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the results of a 14-center collaborative study of genotype-phenotype correlations in 318 fragile X families; these families comprised 2,253 individuals, 1,344 of whom carried a fragile X mutation and 693 of whom had a typical full fragile X mutation. This study demonstrates that direct DNA diagnosis establishes the genotype at the FRAXA-FMR-1 locus. There was a significantly higher prevalence of "mosaic" cases among males who carry a full mutation (12%) than among females who carry a full mutation (6%); the mosaic males had a larger expansion than did the mosaic females. Mental status of premutated individuals did not differ from that of those with a normal genotype. Both the abnormal methylation of the FMR-1-EagI site and the size of the expansion were highly correlated with cytogenetics, facial dysmorphism, macroorchidism, and mental retardation (MR). Among female carriers of a full mutation, those with MR had significantly larger expansion than did those without MR. Among 164 independent couples, 3 unrelated husbands carried a premutation that suggests that the prevalence of fragile X premutations in the general population is approximately 0.9% of the X chromosomes. Our data validate the use of direct DNA testing for fragile X diagnosis as well as for carrier identification and support and complete the established relationships among the DNA results and the cytogenetic, physical, and psychological aspects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rousseau
- Unité de Recherche en Génétique Humaine et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital St-François-d'Assise, Québec, Canada
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48
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Abstract
The molecular cloning of the gene that causes the fragile X syndrome, and the demonstration that the causative mutation is an expansion of an unstable trinucleotide repeat, suggests that cytogenetic testing could be replaced by a molecular test. We compared the two methods in 525 routine referrals. 12 cases were positive in both tests. 1 case that had a negative DNA test for the fragile site at Xq27.3 (FRAXA), but a positive cytogenetic result, was shown to be caused by a mutation at the FRAXE locus on chromosome Xq28. DNA analysis is a sensitive, reliable, and cost-effective diagnostic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics, United Medical Schools, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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49
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Knight SJ, Flannery AV, Hirst MC, Campbell L, Christodoulou Z, Phelps SR, Pointon J, Middleton-Price HR, Barnicoat A, Pembrey ME. Trinucleotide repeat amplification and hypermethylation of a CpG island in FRAXE mental retardation. Cell 1993; 74:127-34. [PMID: 8334699 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90300-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have cloned the fragile site FRAXE and demonstrate that individuals with this fragile site possess amplifications of a GCC repeat adjacent to a CpG island in Xq28 of the human X chromosome. Normal individuals have 6-25 copies of the GCC repeat, whereas mentally retarded, FRAXE-positive individuals have > 200 copies and also have methylation at the CpG island. This situation is similar to that seen at the FRAXA locus and is another example in which a trinucleotide repeat expansion is associated with a human genetic disorder. In contrast with the fragile X syndrome, the GCC repeat can expand or contract and is equally unstable when passed through the male or female line. These results also have implications for the understanding of chromosome fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Knight
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, England
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50
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Hirst MC, Barnicoat A, Flynn G, Wang Q, Daker M, Buckle VJ, Davies KE, Bobrow M. The identification of a third fragile site, FRAXF, in Xq27--q28 distal to both FRAXA and FRAXE. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2:197-200. [PMID: 8499907 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
FRAXA is unique amongst fragile sites in that it is intimately involved with a specific clinical phenotype, the fragile X syndrome. Whilst the majority of fragile X individuals have been found to have a characteristic mutation in the FMR1 gene, a small proportion of individuals exhibiting fragility have no such mutation. Investigation of the site of chromosome fragility in these FMR1 mutation negative, fragile X site positive individuals, has identified a second site of fragility, FRAXE. However, the presence of FRAXE has not explained all such cases. Here we describe a fragile X site positive, FMR1 mutation negative family, in which chromosome fragility is not due to the FRAXA or FRAXE but is due to a third site designated FRAXF. Using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) this site is shown to lie over 1Mb distal to FRAXA. The identification of a third fragile site in this small region of the X chromosome provides an opportunity to extend our studies of the molecular nature of chromosome fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hirst
- Molecular Genetics Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
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