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Pszczolinski R, Heitz D, Heibel F, Moulin B, Caillard S. Transplantation rénale après 70 ans : évaluation gériatrique en pré-transplantation et suivi après transplantation. Nephrol Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.07.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paillaud E, Heitz D, Couderc AL, Boulahssass R, Chah Wakilian A, Pamoukdjian F, De Decker L, Valero S, Rouaud A, Raynaud-Simon A, Mertens C, Caillet P, Antoine V, Cristol L, Palayer I, Solem Laviec H. Évaluation de l’état nutritionnel chez les patients âgés atteints de cancer : une enquête transversale nationale (NutriAgeCancer). NUTR CLIN METAB 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2019.01.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Oubaya N, Soubeyran P, Reinald N, Fonck M, Allain M, Heitz D, Laurent M, Rousselot H, Caillet P, Dauba J, Bastuji-Garin S, Albrand G, Bringuier M, Rainfray M, Brain E, Grellety T, Paillaud E, Mathoulin-Pélissier S, Bellera C, Canouï-Poitrine F. Valeur prédictive des biomarqueurs de routine chez les patients âgés atteints de cancer : analyse poolée des cohortes ELCAPA, PHRC Aquitaine et ONCODAGE. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.03.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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4
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Lodi M, Scheer L, Reix N, Heitz D, Carin AJ, Thiébaut N, Neuberger K, Tomasetto C, Mathelin C. Breast cancer in elderly women and altered clinico-pathological characteristics: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:657-668. [PMID: 28803352 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women in terms of incidence and mortality. Age is undoubtedly the biggest breast cancer risk factor. In this study we examined clinical, histological, and biological characteristics and mortality of breast cancer in elderly women along with their changes with advancing age. METHODS We reviewed 63 original articles published between 2006 and 2016 concerning women over 70 years with breast cancer. RESULTS Compared to patients 70-79 years, patients aged 80 and over had larger tumor size with fewer T1 (42.9% vs 57.7%, p < 0.01) and more T2 lesions (43.5% vs 33.0%, p < 0.01). Lymph nodes and distant metastases were more frequent, with more N + (49.5% vs 44.0%, p < 0.01) and more M1 (8.0% vs 5.9%, p < 0.01). Infiltrating mucinous carcinomas were more frequent (4.3% vs 3.7%, p < 0.01). Tumors had lower grades, with more grade 1 (23.2% vs 19.8%, p = 0.01) and fewer grade 3 (21.5% vs 25.5%, p < 0.01), and were more hormone-sensitive: PR was more often expressed (72.6% vs 67.3%, p < 0.01). Lympho-vascular invasion was less frequent in the 80 years and over (22.9% vs 29.7%, p = 0.01). Breast cancer-specific mortality was higher both at 5 years (25.8% vs 17.2%, p < 0.01) and 10 years (32.7% vs 26.6%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Clinico-pathological characteristics, increased incidence, and mortality associated with aging can be explained on one hand by biological changes of the breast such as increased estrogen sensitivity, epithelial cell alterations, immune senescence, and tumor microenvironment modifications. However, sociologic factors such as increased life expectancy, under-treatment, late diagnosis, and insufficient individual screening, are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lodi
- Senology Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, Hôpital de Hautepierre 1, Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France.
| | - L Scheer
- Senology Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, Hôpital de Hautepierre 1, Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - N Reix
- ICube, UMR 7357, Strasbourg University/CNRS, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Heitz
- Onco-geriatric Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France
| | - A-J Carin
- Gynecology Department, Haguenau General Hospital, 64 Avenue du Professeur Leriche, 67504, Haguenau, France
| | - N Thiébaut
- Quantmetry, 128 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008, Paris, France
| | - K Neuberger
- Quantmetry, 128 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré, 75008, Paris, France
| | - C Tomasetto
- Institue de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS, UMR7104 INSERM U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - C Mathelin
- Senology Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, Hôpital de Hautepierre 1, Avenue Molière, 67200, Strasbourg, France.,Institue de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS, UMR7104 INSERM U964, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67400, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France.,Hôpital Saint Nicolas, Sarrebourg General Hospital, 25 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 57400, Sarrebourg, France
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Etchepare F, Terret C, Bonnetain F, Soubeyran P, Mourey L, Heitz D, Brain E, Bellenguez A, Bellera C, Mathoulin-Pélissiera S. Critères de jugement principaux dans les essais cliniques en oncogériatrie. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2016.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Frati A, Ballester M, Dubernard G, Bats AS, Heitz D, Mathevet P, Marret H, Querleu D, Golfier F, Leblanc E, Rouzier R, Daraï E. Contribution of Lymphoscintigraphy for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Women with Early Stage Endometrial Cancer: Results of the SENTI-ENDO Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 22:1980-6. [PMID: 25391264 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate detection rate and anatomical location of sentinel lymph node (SLN) at lymphoscintigraphy, to compare short and long lymphoscintigraphy protocols, and to correlate lymphoscintigraphic and surgical mapping of SLN in patients with early-stage endometrial cancer (EC). METHODS Subanalysis of the prospective multicenter study Senti-endo performed from July 2007 to August 2009. Patients with stage I and II EC received four cervical injections of 0-2 mL of unfiltered technetium sulphur colloid the day before (long protocol) or the morning (short protocol) before surgery. SLN detection used a combined technetium/patent blue labeling technique, and all patients had a systematic bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. RESULTS A total of 133 patients were enrolled in the study and 118 (94.5 %) underwent a lymphoscintigraphy. Of these 118 patients, 44 (37 %) underwent a short protocol and 66 (56 %) a long protocol (data on lymphoscintigraphy were not available in eight patients). Lymphoscintigraphic detection rate was 74.6 % (34 % for short protocol and 60.2 % for long protocol). No difference in the detection rate was observed according to lymphoscintigraphy protocol (p = 0.22), but a higher number of SLN was noted for the long protocol (p = 0.02). Aberrant drainage was noted on lymphoscintigraphy in 30.5 % of the patients. Paraaortic SLNs were exclusively detected using the long protocol. A poor correlation was noted between short (κ test = 0.24) or long lymphoscintigraphy (κ test = 0.3) protocol and SLN surgical mapping. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that preoperative lymphoscintigraphy allowed a high SLN detection rate and that long lymphoscintigraphy protocol was associated with a higher detection of aberrant drainage especially in the paraaortic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tenon University Hospital, Paris, France,
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Tomietto M, Soyer P, Heitz D, Fauconnier A, Huchon C. [Reluctances in organized breast cancer screenig in Yvelines]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2014; 42:761-765. [PMID: 25442823 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Women's participation in organized screening of breast cancer was 52% in France and 40% in the Île de France in 2010. We wanted to investigate the reasons for non-participation in the screening program and the reluctance of women to it at the level of a department in Île de France. MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous questionnaire was sent to non-respondents in organized screening for breast cancer in the Yvelines department in September 2011 on the occasion of the event "Octobre Rose", month of national mobilization for mass screening for breast cancer. The analysis of these questionnaires was used to determine the causes of non-adherence to organized screening and reluctance to it. We compared the questionnaire responses in the characteristics of patients attending an individual screening with those of patients without any screening. RESULTS Two thousand nine hundred and ninety-two questionnaires were sent and 3026 responses received (10%). Two thousand six hundred and fifteen women (86%) reported regular screening and make mammograms every two years while 411 (14%) reported occasional or no screening. About the reluctance to conduct the review, the lack of time, the bad memories of a previous mammogram and the fear of pain were the predominant brakes. Nearly 50% of women do not participate in screening because they did not consider themselves at risk for various reasons (lack of symptoms, healthy lifestyle and no family history) and 22% of women surveyed had an attitude of denial cope with the disease. The typical profile of women performing individual or organized screening of breast cancer was that young, single, working, of low socio-professional category and rarely attending their general practitioner or gynaecologist. Health-care professionals seem most likely to cause adherence to screening for breast cancer. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Focusing on the poor communication and promote organized screening instead of individual screening by health-care professionals themselves could increase adherence to organized screening in the Yvelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tomietto
- Service de gynécologie et obstétrique, CHI Poissy-St-Germain, 10, rue du champ Gaillard, BP 3082, 78303 Poissy cedex, France
| | - P Soyer
- Service de cancérologie, CHI Poissy-St-Germain, 10, rue du Champ Gaillard, BP 3082, 78303 Poissy cedex, France; ADMY (Association de dépistage de masse organisé des cancers dans le département des Yvelines), 18, avenue Dutartre, BP 120, 78153 Le Chesnay cedex, France; Équipe d'accueil EA 7285 « risques, cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale », université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - D Heitz
- Service de gynécologie et obstétrique, CHI Poissy-St-Germain, 10, rue du champ Gaillard, BP 3082, 78303 Poissy cedex, France
| | - A Fauconnier
- Service de gynécologie et obstétrique, CHI Poissy-St-Germain, 10, rue du champ Gaillard, BP 3082, 78303 Poissy cedex, France; Équipe d'accueil EA 7285 « risques, cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale », université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - C Huchon
- Service de gynécologie et obstétrique, CHI Poissy-St-Germain, 10, rue du champ Gaillard, BP 3082, 78303 Poissy cedex, France; Équipe d'accueil EA 7285 « risques, cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale », université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78000 Versailles, France.
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Burgy M, Barthélémy P, Dupret-Bories A, Truntzer P, Korenbaum C, Meyer N, Flesch H, Bronner G, Heitz D, Nehme H, Guihard S, Hemar P, Borel C. Cetuximab plus platinum-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A French experience from a single institution. J Geriatr Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2014.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kurtz JE, Heitz D. Les apports des Plans cancer dans l’amélioration des pratiques professionnelles en oncogériatrie : le point de vue des professionnels (in partie I : Les apports des Plans cancer au service de l’amélioration des pratiques professionnelles). ONCOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-014-2421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Koskas M, Chereau E, Ballester M, Dubernard G, Lécuru F, Heitz D, Mathevet P, Marret H, Querleu D, Golfier F, Leblanc E, Luton D, Rouzier R, Daraï E. Accuracy of a nomogram for prediction of lymph-node metastasis detected with conventional histopathology and ultrastaging in endometrial cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:1267-72. [PMID: 23481184 PMCID: PMC3619258 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a nomogram based on five clinical and pathological characteristics to predict lymph-node (LN) metastasis with a high concordance probability in endometrial cancer. Sentinel LN (SLN) biopsy has been suggested as a compromise between systematic lymphadenectomy and no dissection in patients with low-risk endometrial cancer. METHODS Patients with stage I-II endometrial cancer had pelvic SLN and systematic pelvic-node dissection. All LNs were histopathologically examined, and the SLNs were examined by immunohistochemistry. We compared the accuracy of the nomogram at predicting LN detected with conventional histopathology (macrometastasis) and ultrastaging procedure using SLN (micrometastasis). RESULTS Thirty-eight of the 187 patients (20%) had pelvic LN metastases, 20 had macrometastases and 18 had micrometastases. For the prediction of macrometastases, the nomogram showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76, and was well calibrated (average error =2.1%). For the prediction of micro- and macrometastases, the nomogram showed poorer discrimination, with an AUC of 0.67, and was less well calibrated (average error =10.9%). CONCLUSION Our nomogram is accurate at predicting LN macrometastases but less accurate at predicting micrometastases. Our results suggest that micrometastases are an 'intermediate state' between disease-free LN and macrometastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koskas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bichat University Hospital, Paris 75018, France.
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Dramé M, Lang PO, Novella JL, Narbey D, Mahmoudi R, Lanièce I, Somme D, Gauvain JB, Heitz D, Voisin T, de Wazières B, Gonthier R, Ankri J, Saint-Jean O, Jeandel C, Couturier P, Blanchard F, Jolly D. Six-month outcome of elderly people hospitalized via the emergency department: the SAFES cohort. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2012; 60:189-96. [PMID: 22608011 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to identify factors predictive of 6-month institutionalization or mortality in frail elderly patients after acute hospitalization. METHODS A prospective cohort of elderly subjects 75 years and older was set up in nine French teaching hospitals. Data obtained from a comprehensive geriatric assessment were used in a Cox model to predict 6-month institutionalization or mortality. Institutionalization was defined as incident admission either to a nursing home or other long-term care facility during the follow-up period. RESULTS Crude institutionalization and death rates after 6 months of follow-up were 18% and 24%, respectively. Independent predictors of institutionalization were: living alone (HR=1.83; 95% CI=1.27-2.62) or a higher number of children (HR=0.86; 95% CI=0.78-0.96), balance problems (HR=1.72; 95% CI=1.19-2.47), malnutrition or risk thereof (HR=1.93; 95% CI=1.24-3.01), and dementia syndrome (HR=1.88; 95% CI=1.32-2.67). Factors found to be independently related to 6-month mortality were exclusively medical factors: malnutrition or risk thereof (HR=1.92; 95% CI=1.17-3.16), delirium (HR=1.80; 95% CI=1.24-2.62), and a high level of comorbidity (HR=1.62; 95% CI=1.09-2.40). Institutionalization (HR=1.92; 95% CI=1.37-2.71) and unplanned readmission (HR=4.47; 95% CI=3.16-2.71) within the follow-up period were also found as independent predictors. CONCLUSION The main factors predictive of 6-month outcome identified in this study are modifiable by global and multidisciplinary interventions. Their early identification and management would make it possible to modify frail elderly subjects' prognosis favorably.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dramé
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, faculté de médecine, EA 3797, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51095 Reims cedex, France.
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Dramé M, Novella JL, Jolly D, Lanièce I, Somme D, Heitz D, Gauvain JB, Voisin T, De Wazières B, Gonthier R, Jeandel C, Couturier P, Saint-Jean O, Ankri J, Blanchard F, Lang PO. Rapid cognitive decline, one-year institutional admission and one-year mortality: analysis of the ability to predict and inter-tool agreement of four validated clinical frailty indexes in the SAFEs cohort. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:699-705. [PMID: 21968868 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the predictive ability of four clinical frailty indexes as regards one-year rapid cognitive decline (RCD - defined as the loss of at least 3 points on the MMSE score), and one-year institutional admission (IA) and mortality respectively; and to measure their agreement for identifying groups at risk of these severe outcomes. DESIGN One-year follow-up and multicentre study of old patients participating in the SAFEs cohort study. SETTING Nine university hospitals in France. PARTICIPANTS 1,306 patients aged 75 or older (mean age 85±6 years; 65% female) hospitalized in medical divisions through an Emergency department. MEASUREMENTS Four frailty indexes (Winograd; Rockwood; Donini; and Schoevaerdts) reflecting the multidimensionality of the frailty concept, using an ordinal scoring system able to discriminate different grades of frailty, and constructed based on the accumulation of identified deficits after comprehensive geriatric assessment conducted during the first week of hospital stay, were used to categorize participants into three different grades of frailty: G1 - not frail; G2 - moderately frail; and G3 - severely frail. Comparisons between groups were performed using Fisher's exact test. Agreement between indexes was evaluated using Cohen's Kappa coefficient. RESULTS All patients were classified as frail by at least one of the four indexes. The Winograd and Rockwood indexes mainly classified subjects as G2 (85% and 96%), and the Donini and Schoevaerdts indexes mainly as G3 (71% and 67%). Among the SAFEs cohort population, 250, 1047 and 1,306 subjects were eligible for analyses of predictability for RCD, 1-year IA and 1-year mortality respectively. At 1 year, 84 subjects (34%) experienced RCD, 377 (36%) were admitted into an institutional setting, and 445 (34%) had died. With the Rockwood index, all subjects who experienced RCD were classified in G2; and in G2 and G3 when the Donini and Schoevaerdts indexes were used. No significant difference was found between frailty grade and RCD, whereas frailty grade was significantly associated with an increased risk of IA and death, whatever the frailty index considered. Agreement between the different indexes of frailty was poor with Kappa coefficients ranging from -0.02 to 0.15. CONCLUSION These findings confirm the poor clinimetric properties of these current indexes to measure frailty, underlining the fact that further work is needed to develop a better and more widely-accepted definition of frailty and therefore a better understanding of its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dramé
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, É.A 3797, Reims, F-51092, France
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Soubeyran P, Bellera C, Goyard J, Heitz D, Cure H, Rousselot H, Albrand G, Servent V, Saint Jean O, Roy C, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Rainfray M. Validation of the G8 screening tool in geriatric oncology: The ONCODAGE project. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.9001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Dramé M, Fierobe F, Lang PO, Jolly D, Boyer F, Mahmoudi R, Somme D, Laniece I, Heitz D, Gauvain JB, Voisin T, De Wazieres B, Gonthier R, Ankri J, Saint-Jean O, Couturier P, Jeandel C, Blanchard F, Novella JL. Predictors of institution admission in the year following acute hospitalisation of elderly people. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:399-403. [PMID: 21528168 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify factors related to institutionalisation within one-year follow up of subjects aged 75 or over, hospitalised via the emergency department (ED). DESIGN Prospective multicentre cohort. SETTING Nine French university teaching hospitals. PARTICIPANTS One thousand and forty seven (1 047) non institutionalised subjects aged 75 or over, hospitalised via ED. A sub-group analysis was performed on the 894 subjects with a caregiver. MEASUREMENTS Patients were assessed using Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) tools. Cox survival analysis was performed to identify predictors of institutionalisation at one year. RESULTS Within one year after hospital admission, 210 (20.1%) subjects were institutionalised. For the overall study population, age >85 years (HR 1.6; 95%CI 1.1-2.1; p=0.005), inability to use the toilet (HR 1.6; 95%CI 1.1-2.4; p=0.007), balance disorders (HR 1.6; 95%CI 1.1-2.1; p=0.005) and presence of dementia syndrome (HR 1.9; 95%CI 1.4-2.6; p<0.001) proved to be independent predictors of institutionalisation; while a greater number of children was inversely linked to institutionalisation (HR 0.8; 95%CI 0.7-0.9; p<0.001). Bathing was of borderline significance (p=.09). For subjects with a caregiver, initial caregiver burden was significantly linked to institutionalisation within one year, in addition to the predictors observed in the overall study population. CONCLUSIONS CGA performed at the beginning of hospitalisation in acute medical wards is useful to predict institutionalisation. Most of the predictors identified can lead to targeted therapeutic options with a view to preventing or delaying institution admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dramé
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, Reims, France.
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Barthélémy P, Heitz D, Mathelin C, Polesi H, Eichler F, Litique V, Asmane I, Bergerat JP, Kurtz JE. O10 Adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with early breast cancer. Impact of age and comprehensive geriatric assessment on tumor board proposals. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(09)70037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Douay N, Belot F, Bader G, Guyot B, Heitz D, Fauconnier A. Douleur postopératoire après hystérectomie par voie vaginale selon la méthode d'hémostase utilisée: thermofusion ou suture aux fils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 35:632-6. [PMID: 17587630 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to compare the postoperative pain of patients who had a hysterectomy through vaginal route according to the process of binding: wire or electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective study carried out in the 60 last patients who underwent a hysterectomy by vaginal route for a benign pathology in the gynaecological service of surgery of the CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye until March 2006. Among these patients, 32 had profited from a binding by wire and 28 of the electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing. The studied criteria were the post-operative pain, total morphine consumption and the durations of the analgesic treatment, the hospitalisation and intervention time. RESULTS The postoperative pain in the first 24 hours was twice lower using thermofusion; it was valid in immediate post-operative period and after 24 hours. In addition, total morphine consumption was also significantly lower using thermofusion. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This pilot study shows that the electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealing allows a reduction in the pain into the immediate postoperative period. Other prospective and randomised studies would allow it and conclude on the duration of hospitalisation, the quality of life from the patients and the cost in terms of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Douay
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHI de Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 10 rue du Champ-Gaillard, 78300 Poissy, France
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Imbert F, Lang PO, Meyer N, Heitz D, Berthel M, Kuntzmann F. Description des conditions de vie de la population âgée de 75 ans ou plus vivant à domicile en Alsace. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2005; 53:153-65. [PMID: 16012374 DOI: 10.1016/s0398-7620(05)84585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to describe the living conditions of disabled elderly subjects aged 75 years and more living at home. DESIGN This study was conducted in 1996-97 in the Alsace region in France and included two parts. First, a sample survey was mailed to 15,600 subjects randomly selected from a pension funds list. This survey provided with a reliable representation of the study population in terms of disabilities using the Colvez classification. In the second part, the most disabled individuals were selected and, among them, 1,259 subjects were visited at home. Their disabilities and living conditions were noted using a predefined set of questions. RESULTS An estimated 71,000 subjects aged 75 years and more lived at home in the study region. The vast majority were free of significant disability. Help to wash and dress was needed by 6,000 until 1,500 were bedridden or confined to an armchair. Between 4,350 and 5,400 met the criteria for iso-resource grades (IRG) 1 to 3. Disability was associated with age, female gender, cognitive impairment and some social and professional characteristics. Family support was routine in almost every aspect of everyday life including personal hygiene. Professional support was mostly limited to technical interventions. Professional nursing care concerned only the most dependent persons. Nevertheless, needs for help in home and social activities remained high even in the least dependent individuals and were strongly age-dependent. Only 10% of individuals with IRG 1 to 3 complained of inadequate help. More than 80% of the elderly felt comfortable with their living conditions at home and were not thinking of moving from home to an institution for old people. CONCLUSION The present study confirms the important commitment of family members and their close relationships toward their elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Imbert
- Observatoire Régional de la Santé d'Alsace
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Jovenin N, Novella J, Drame M, Ankri J, Gauvain J, Couturier P, Blain H, Voisin T, Heitz D, Gonthier R, De Wazieres B, Somme D, Jeandel C, Colvez A, Jolly D, Saint Jean O, Blanchard F. E4-4 Cohorte SafeS (Sujets âgés fragiles évaluation et Suivi) : facteurs pronostiques de mortalité à 45 jours. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0398-7620(04)99214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Bader G, Fauconnier A, Roger N, Heitz D, Ville Y. [Cystocele repair by vaginal approach with a tension-free transversal polypropylene mesh. Technique and results]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 32:280-4. [PMID: 15123096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2004.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2003] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate mid term results, tolerance and efficiency of interposition of a tension-free polypropylene monofilament mesh by vaginal approach for the repair of cystoceles. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fourty consecutive women underwent this new procedure between March 2001 and September 2002. After complete dissection of the cystocele, the polypropylene mesh (Gynemesh), Gynecare, Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson, France), proper cut-out was positioned under the bladder without any fixation. The lateral extensions of the mesh where introduced in the para-vesical spaces in contact with the arcus tendinus fascia pelvis. RESULTS Before surgery all patients had cystocele of more or equal than grade II according to the POP-Q classification. Eight had grade II cystocele (20%) and 32 had grade III cystocele (80%). Thirty women had associated posterior or median prolapse (82.5%). Thirty women had urinary incontinence (75%). Mean age was 63.9 years (51-78). The procedure was performed without any difficulty in all cases. Duration of a cystocele cure procedure was 20 min +/- 2.2 (16-24). Mean follow-up is 16.4 months +/- 4.7 (12-24). The early complication rate was 7.5% (two vaginal erosions and one complete exposition of the mesh which requires secondary ablation). There was no mesh infection. The success rate was 95%. The satisfaction index overpasses 80% in 95% of our patients 6 months after the cystocele repair. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The interposition of a sub-vesical transversal tension-free polypropylene mesh by the vaginal route seems to be an excellent procedure in the definitive surgical treatment of grades II and III anterior vaginal wall prolapse. This new procedure is simple, mini-invasive, reproducible and efficient with low morbidity and good tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bader
- Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 20, rue Armagis, 78105 Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Most of the antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) cases result from a transient disturbance in the function of the normal intestinal flora and are spontaneously solved when discontinuing the antibacterial therapy. However, a mild diarrhea lasting several days may induce a dehydration or worsen a denutrition in frail elderly people. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS The incidence of AAD varies between 5 and 25% depending on the concerned antibiotic. Only 10-20% of all AAD cases are caused by infection, especially with Clostridium difficile, for which advanced age is a major risk factor. The first biological exam to perform when severe AAD or in frail people is the detection of C. difficile toxins, especially in elderly patient treated with beta-lactam antibiotics. Nevertheless, other infectious organisms causing AAD may be considered, as Staphylococcus aureus when predominant in stool cultures from patients treated with fluoroquinolones or as Klebsiella oxytoca when isolated in bloody diarrhea from patients treated with ampicillin. Elevated fecal counts of Candida spp. found in patients treated with antibiotics is rather the consequence of therapy than the cause of AAD. The prevention of AAD is based on a rational antibiotic use to avoid endogenous selection of C. difficile and on the improvement of the hygiene measures to limit the exogenous transmission of the bacteria or related spores by spoiled hands. FUTURE PROSPECTS Simultaneous prescription of non-pathogenic living organisms, capable of re-establishing the equilibrium of the intestinal flora, should be better described, especially in elderly people, because of its important economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaltenbach
- Centre de gérontologie des hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, hôpital de la Robertsau, 83, rue Himmerich, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
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Fauconnier A, Mabrouk A, Heitz D, Ville Y. [Ectopic pregnancy: interest and value of clinical examination in management policy]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2003; 32:S18-27. [PMID: 14699316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Clinical examination (history and physical examination) is not considered to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (EP). In this systematic review we aimed to evaluate its value when ancillary tests are not readily available or when they are equivocal. Suspicion of EP is based on the presence of one or more of the following signs: vaginal bleeding, acute pelvic pain, or any risk factors for EP occurring in a pregnant woman. Detection of early pregnancy by urinary or serum hCG testing must be systematic because neither medical history nor physical examination can rule out early pregnancy with a high level of confidence. No isolated sign has sufficient diagnostic accuracy to rule out EP. In presence of vaginal bleeding without pain and if abdominal and pelvic examination are normal the risk of EP is very low. The presence of spontaneous pain moderate to severe, peritoneal signs, or definite pain during digital cervical mobilization increase the probability of EP. Absence of these signs does not rule out EP but tend to eliminate tubal rupture. In the presence of these signs one may consider an emergency transfer in a specialized center. In their absence, suspicion of EP may have outpatient diagnosis procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fauconnier
- Service de Gynécologie et Obstétrique, CHI Poissy-Saint-Germain, 20, rue Armagis, 78105 Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
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Camus E, Aucouturier JS, Heitz D. [Expectative management: a valid option for ectopic pregnancy]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2003; 32:413-6. [PMID: 13130242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in laboratory tests and transvaginal ultrasound have enabled very early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Expectative management has progressively become a real medical option for ectopic pregnancies as an alternative to surgery or medical treatment. The decision to abstain from treatment must be based on very strict criteria: patients with no symptoms, hematosalpinx<3 cm, no hemoperitoneum, hCG level<1000 mUI/ml and decreasing 48 hours later, a progesterone level<10 ng/ml. Regular surveillance until normalization of clinical, ultrasound and biological results is essential. The rate of success, which reaches 90%, clearly justifies this medical option.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Camus
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHI de Poissy-St-Germain, 20, rue Armagis, 78100 Saint-Germain-en-Laye
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Kaltenbach G, Gravet A, Noblet-Dick M, Heitz D, Kuntzmann F, Berthel M. Caractéristiques des diarrhées postantibiotiques à Staphylococcus aureus. Rev Med Interne 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(03)80312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kaltenbach G, Heitz D, Vogel T, Noblet-Dick M, Martin-Hunyadi C, Kiesmann M, Jehl F, Berthel M, Kuntzmann F. [Urinary tract infections due to wide spectrum beta lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae]. Presse Med 2002; 31:1211-5. [PMID: 12212511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to specify the characteristics of enterobacterial urinary infections producing wide spectrum beta-lactamase (WSBL) and the management strategies for these patients infected in geriatric wards. METHODS The prevalence, bacteriological characteristics and treatment regimens of enterobacterial urinary infections producing WSBL, diagnosed in a geriatric department of internal medicine from May 1977 to April 2001, were studied retrospectively. RESULTS Sixty-six enterobacterial urinary infections producing WSBL were diagnosed, with 53 (80%) of them acquired in the ward. They represented 1.6% of admissions and concerned 24 men and 42 women (sex ratio: 0.57), with a mean age of 87 years. Their prevalence was of 20 in the 1st year, 11 in the 2nd, 9 in the third and 26 in the 4th year. The mean duration of hospitalization of infected patients was 4.5-fold longer (90 vs. 20 days) and the mortality rate 2-fold higher (32 vs. 14%). Enterobacter aerogenes were responsible for half (46%) of the WSBL urinary infections. The skin was invaded by enterobacteria in 67% and the feces in 57% of cases. More than one third of the urinary infections treated relapsed, and digestive decontamination was only efficient in half of the patients treated. CONCLUSION This 4-year study emphasizes the limits of antibiotherapy in eradicating WSBL-producing enterobacteria and the fact that only the strict respect of hygiene by all caregivers (isolation of patients exhibiting WSBL and washing-disinfection of the hands between each patient) limits the incidence of such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaltenbach
- Centre de gérontologie des hôpitaux universitaires, hôpital de la Robertsau, Strasbourg.
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Deval B, Heitz D, Daraï E, Paniel B, Truc JB, Levardon M, Poitout P. [Great elongation of uterine cervix: retrospective study of 20 cases]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2002; 31:343-51. [PMID: 12058138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Musset Poitout surgical procedure consisting in an anterior uterosacral ligament transposition and a cervix amputation. The main indication is an uterovaginal prolapse with an isolated elongation of the cervix. METHODS A retrospective consecutive series of 20 women with an elongation of uterine cervix undergoing Musset Poitout procedure over a 10 year period between 1990 and 2001 with analysis of per and post operative complications and success. Four Kelly urethral plications were performed in the same time. The patient's ages, time under anesthesia, change in hemoglobin, days of hospitalization, medical illnesses, complications and follow-up were assessed. Failure was defined as a symptomatic elongation of the cervix or a third degree hysterocele on examination. RESULTS and discussion. The median age of Musset Poitout procedure was 43.9 years (range 23-83). General anaesthesia could be performed in all patients. Mean operation time was 67 minutes (range 40-130). No major per or post operative complications occurred. The average of post-operative bladder cathetherisation was 3.65 days, the average hospital stay was 6.3 days. Complications were insignificant: urinary tract infection in 2, voiding dysfunction in 2. All the patients but 2 were followed for a mean 59 months (range 6-127). There was one recurence (5.5%). CONCLUSION In this preliminary assessment the Musset Poitout procedure offered significant avantages in a genital prolapse with elongation of the cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Deval
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Université Bichat-Beaujon, Hôpital Beaujon, 100, avenue du Général-Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France.
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Kaltenbach G, Vogel T, Noblet-Dick M, Heitz D, Berthel M, Kuntzmann F. [Candidemia in elderly people: apropos of 4 cases]. Rev Med Interne 2002; 23:328-31. [PMID: 11928382 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(01)00559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Candidemia, principally affecting neutropenic patients in departments of oncohematology and frail patients in intensive care units, can also be observed in frail elderly people in geriatrics. EXEGESIS Authors report four observations of candidemia diagnosed in elderly dependent patients having several different diseases. Clinical sign was a persistent or recurrent fever after a wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Patients were treated by fluconazole leading to negative blood cultures in several days. Three out of four patients died within the weeks following antifungal therapy due to severity of associated diseases. CONCLUSION These observations show that a diagnosis of candidemia should be made when a persistent fever is observed in a frail elderly person. Fluconazole, as efficient as amphotericin B and well tolerated by elderly people, should be the first treatment of candidemia in non-neutropenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kaltenbach
- Centre de gérontologie des hôpitaux universitaires de strasbourg, hôpital de la Robertsau, 83, rue Himmerich, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
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Vogel T, Kaltenbach G, Martin-Hunyadi C, Heitz D, Dick M, Kiesmann M, Berthel M, Kuntzmann F. Prévalence des interactions médicamenteuses à l'admission en médecine interne gériatrie. Rev Med Interne 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(01)83527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vogel T, Martin-Hunyadi C, Heitz D, Kaltenbach G, Kiesmann M, Kuntzmann F. An eosinophilic pneumonia in a 93-year-old man. Age Ageing 2001; 30:90-1. [PMID: 11322687 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/30.1.90-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Aubrun F, Langeron O, Heitz D, Coriat P, Riou B. Randomised, placebo-controlled study of the postoperative analgesic effects of ketoprofen after spinal fusion surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2000; 44:934-9. [PMID: 10981569 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The additive effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs administered with propacetamol after major orthopaedic surgery has not been studied. Thus, we performed a prospective, placebo-controlled study to assess the analgesic effects of ketoprofen in patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery and receiving propacetamol. METHODS Fifty patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery received either 100 mg of ketoprofen every 8 h or a placebo, postoperatively. All patients received propacetamol and morphine (intravenous titration followed by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) over 24 h). Pain was assessed using a visual analogue pain scale (VASpi). Data are mean+/-SD. RESULTS During morphine titration, ketoprofen did not significantly reduce the dose of morphine (8+/-6 vs 11+/-4 mg, NS) whereas it significantly decreased VASpi (P<0.001). During PCA, ketoprofen significantly reduced morphine consumption (25+/-17 vs 38+/-20 mg, P=0.04) and VASpi (P=0.002). The total postoperative morphine consumption was significantly (33%) reduced with ketoprofen. CONCLUSION Ketoprofen reduced morphine requirements and improved postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing major spinal surgery and receiving propacetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aubrun
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Martin-Hunyadi C, Kaltenbach G, Heitz D, Demuynck-Roegel C, Berthel M, Kuntzmann F. [Clinical and prognostic aspects of spontaneous fractures in long term care units: a thirty month prospective study. Eastern Gerontology Society]. Rev Med Interne 2000; 21:747-55. [PMID: 11039170 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(00)00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous fractures (stress and bone insufficiency fractures) are well described in young healthy patients; however, few studies were conducted in the elderly. METHODS A 30-month prospective clinical and epidemiological survey including elderly patients from long-term nursing homes (LTNH) of the Société de Gérontologie de l'Est (70 centers; 11,495 elderly patients in total) was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-seven spontaneous fractures were encountered in 30 LTNH (3,052 elderly patients) (five stress fractures of the foot, 62 bone insufficiency fractures). The mean age of bedridden patients was 85 +/- 7 years. The prevalence of spontaneous fractures (calculated from the number of patients admitted consecutively in LTNHs) was 0.34% in the whole population (11,495 beds). When the calculation was based on LTNH reports of spontaneous fractures (3,052 elderly patients), the prevalence reached 1.3%. Fractures of long bones were common in elderly patients and included 15 fractures of the femoral neck, 14 fractures of either the tibia or fibula, 13 fractures of the femoral shaft, and 11 fractures of the humerus. Fractures of the femoral shaft were associated with the highest mortality: seven out of 13 patients died versus two out of 15 patients with regard to fractures of the femoral neck (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bone insufficiency fractures have not the same course in young healthy patients as those in elderly nursing home patients: they more often concern long bones and their prognosis is worse. Means of prevention still have to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martin-Hunyadi
- Service de médecine interne-gériatrie, hôpital de la Robertsau, CHUR, Strasbourg, France
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Barvais L, Heitz D, Schmartz D, Maes V, Coussaert E, Cantraine F, d'Hollander A. Pharmacokinetic model-driven infusion of sufentanil and midazolam during cardiac surgery: assessment of the prospective predictive accuracy and the quality of anesthesia. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2000; 14:402-8. [PMID: 10972605 DOI: 10.1053/jcan.2000.7931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prospective predictive accuracy and the quality of anesthesia of pharmacokinetic model-driven infusion of sufentanil and midazolam designed to establish and maintain a plasma level of drug during cardiac surgery. DESIGN Prospective analysis. SETTING Operating room at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty adult patients younger than 75 years old scheduled for valvular or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. INTERVENTIONS Patients were anesthetized using a variable predicted concentration of sufentanil (1 to 10 ng/mL) combined with a stable predicted concentration of midazolam (100 ng/mL). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS For each patient, arterial samples were taken before (6 samples), during (2 samples), and after (2 samples) cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Plasma sufentanil and midazolam concentrations were measured by specific radioimmunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. Predicted sufentanil and midazolam concentrations were derived using the data sets of Gepts et al and Maitre et al. The predictive performance, the percentage prediction error (PE), and the absolute percentage error were calculated for each sample. The bias, inaccuracy, and dispersion were assessed by determining the median of the individual medians of the prediction errors (MDPE), the median of the individual median of the absolute prediction errors (MDAPE), and the 10th and 90th percentiles of PE. For midazolam, the inaccuracy was low (MDAPE < 21%), but CPB was associated with a dilution of the measured concentration associated with a negative bias. For sufentanil, the inaccuracy was also low before CPB (MDAPE = 18%) but increased during and after CPB (MDAPE > 40%). During the whole procedure, the hemodynamic control necessitated only a few interventions. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacokinetic model-driven infusion of sufentanil and midazolam using the pharmacokinetic sets of Gepts et al and Maitre et al is a safe and accurate anesthetic technique before CPB in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery when high sufentanil (1 to 10 ng/mL) and low midazolam (100 ng/mL) predicted plasma concentrations are targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barvais
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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Kurtz JE, Andres E, Maloisel F, Kurtz-Illig V, Heitz D, Sibilia J, Imler M, Dufour P. Drug-induced agranulocytosis in older people. A case series of 25 patients. Age Ageing 1999; 28:325-6. [PMID: 10475875 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/28.3.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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El Ouakfaoui S, Heitz D, Paquin R, Beaulieu AD. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor modulates tapasin expression in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 1999; 65:205-10. [PMID: 10088603 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.65.2.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential display-polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) was used to evaluate changes in mRNA expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) treated human neutrophils to better understand how this cytokine affects the functions of neutrophils at the molecular level. Although a variety of cDNA fragments were identified as modulated by GM-CSF with the use of DD-PCR, one fragment in particular, NGS-17 (neutrophil GM-CSF-stimulated fragment #17), was characterized. The NGS-17 fragment hybridized to a 3.8-kh mRNA that encodes for a protein of a predicted molecular mass of 47.6 kDa. After cloning and sequencing, this gene was found to code for the recently sequenced tapasin or TAP-A protein. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting studies using anti-tapasin antibodies showed that tapasin is expressed in neutrophils and is associated with the MHC class I-TAP complex. Moreover, tapasin expression was found to be induced by dimethyl sulfoxide and by retinoic acid in HL-60 cells. This is the first report on the expression of tapasin in human neutrophils. It provides novel information, at the molecular level, on how GM-CSF enhances the functions of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S El Ouakfaoui
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Arthrite, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Khandjian EW, Bardoni B, Corbin F, Sittler A, Giroux S, Heitz D, Tremblay S, Pinset C, Montarras D, Rousseau F, Mandel J. Novel isoforms of the fragile X related protein FXR1P are expressed during myogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 1998; 7:2121-8. [PMID: 9817930 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.13.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragile X syndrome results from transcriptional silencing of the FMR1 gene and the absence of its encoded FMRP protein. Two autosomal homologues of the FMR1 gene, FXR1 and FXR2, have been identified and the overall structures of the corresponding proteins are very similar to that of FMRP. Using antibodies raised against FXR1P, we observed that two major protein isoforms of relative MW of 78 and 70 kDa are expressed in different mammalian cell lines and in the majority of mouse tissues. In mammalian cells grown in culture as well as in brain extracts, both P78and P70isoforms are associated with mRNPs within translating polyribosomes, similarly to their closely related FMRP homologues. In muscle tissues as well as in murine myoblastic cell lines induced to differentiate into myotubes, FXR1P78and P70isoforms are replaced by novel unpredicted isoforms of 81-84 kDa and a novel FXR1 exon splice variant was detected in muscle RNA. While P81-84isoforms expressed after fusion into myotubes in murine myoblast cell lines grown in culture are associated with polyribosomes, this is not the case when isolated from muscle tissues since they sediment with lower S values. Immunohistochemical studies showed coexpression of FMRP and FXR1P70and P78in the cytoplasm of brain neurons, while in muscle no FMRP was detected and FXR1P81-84were mainly localized to structures within the muscle contractile bands. The complex expression pattern of FXR1P suggests tissue-specific expression for the various isoforms of FXR1 and the differential expression of FMRP and FXR1Ps suggests that in certain types of cells and tissues, complementary functions may be fulfilled by the various FMRP family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Khandjian
- Unité de recherche en génétique humaine et moléculaire, Pavillon Saint François d'Assise du CHUQ, Département de biologie médicale, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Martin-Hunyadi C, Heitz D, Demuynck-Roegel C, Kaltenbach G, Berthel M, Kuntzmann F. Étude épidémiologique et clinique prospective des fractures spontanées en unités de soins de longue durée. Rev Med Interne 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(98)90054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Roberge CJ, Poubelle PE, Beaulieu AD, Heitz D, Gosselin J. The IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) response of human neutrophils to EBV stimulation. Preponderance of IL-Ra detection. J Immunol 1996; 156:4884-91. [PMID: 8648138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of EBV on gene expression and protein synthesis of IL-1 and its natural IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) in human peripheral blood neutrophils. EBV induced a rapid accumulation of IL-1 and IL-lRa mRNA in neutrophils that was associated with the later appearance of considerable amounts of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-Ra proteins. Approximately 3200 and 610 times more IL-Ra than IL-1alpha a or IL-1beta, respectively, was secreted by neutrophils in response to EBV. The effect induced by EBV cannot reflect an overall metabolic activity of neutrophils, since EBV failed to induce granulocyte-macrophage OF synthesis. Heat-inactivated virus was unable to stimulate cytokine synthesis, whereas UV-irradiated virus retained the full IL-1- and IL-1Ra-inducing potential of the native particle. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide or phosphonoacetic acid did not abrogate the effect of EBV, suggesting that EBV does not penetrate the cell, but that a virion's structural molecule is required to induce such an effect. In this respect, neutralization of the viral particles with the mAb 72A1, which is known to react with glycoprotein gp350 of the viral envelope, inhibits the production of IL-1 and IL-1Ra, suggesting that gp350 could be involved in this process. Thus, the elevated levels of IL-1Ra detected for EBV-stimulated neutrophils might be part of a mechanism used by the virus to evade the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Roberge
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, University of Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
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Roberge CJ, Poubelle PE, Beaulieu AD, Heitz D, Gosselin J. The IL-1 and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) response of human neutrophils to EBV stimulation. Preponderance of IL-Ra detection. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.12.4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of EBV on gene expression and protein synthesis of IL-1 and its natural IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) in human peripheral blood neutrophils. EBV induced a rapid accumulation of IL-1 and IL-lRa mRNA in neutrophils that was associated with the later appearance of considerable amounts of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-Ra proteins. Approximately 3200 and 610 times more IL-Ra than IL-1alpha a or IL-1beta, respectively, was secreted by neutrophils in response to EBV. The effect induced by EBV cannot reflect an overall metabolic activity of neutrophils, since EBV failed to induce granulocyte-macrophage OF synthesis. Heat-inactivated virus was unable to stimulate cytokine synthesis, whereas UV-irradiated virus retained the full IL-1- and IL-1Ra-inducing potential of the native particle. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide or phosphonoacetic acid did not abrogate the effect of EBV, suggesting that EBV does not penetrate the cell, but that a virion's structural molecule is required to induce such an effect. In this respect, neutralization of the viral particles with the mAb 72A1, which is known to react with glycoprotein gp350 of the viral envelope, inhibits the production of IL-1 and IL-1Ra, suggesting that gp350 could be involved in this process. Thus, the elevated levels of IL-1Ra detected for EBV-stimulated neutrophils might be part of a mechanism used by the virus to evade the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Roberge
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, University of Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | - P E Poubelle
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, University of Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | - A D Beaulieu
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, University of Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Heitz
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, University of Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Gosselin
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, University of Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada
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Girard D, Gosselin J, Heitz D, Paquin R, Beaulieu AD. Effects of interleukin-2 on gene expression in human neutrophils. Blood 1995; 86:1170-6. [PMID: 7620170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) was shown to be present on human neutrophils, and IL-2-neutrophil interactions are believed to be important in both tumor rejection and increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. Furthermore, neutrophils have been shown to synthesize host defense proteins, such as cytokines. In this study, we analyzed the effects of IL-2 on the induction of de novo RNA and protein synthesis in this cell type. When cells were stimulated with IL-2 alone, the level of incorporation of either [5-3H]-uridine or [35S]-methionine and [35S]-cysteine was similar to unstimulated cells. However, when cells were stimulated with the combination of a fixed concentration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a dose-dependent effect of IL-2 was observed on the induction of both RNA and protein synthesis. In the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, however, IL-2 exerted no similar effect. Furthermore, the study of a large number of normal subjects (n = 55) showed reproducible categories of responders (low, intermediate, and high). The binding of IL-2 to the IL-2R complex on human neutrophils increased on GM-CSF-stimulated neutrophils compared with unstimulated cells. However, no increase in the level of expression of either the alpha or beta chains of this receptor complex was observed. This finding suggests that GM-CSF functionally activates the IL-2R, but does not regulate its level of expression. Finally, we found that human neutrophils constitutively express IL-2R gamma chain mRNA and thus have the potential to express the functional IL-2R complex. Our findings on IL-2-neutrophil interactions should lead to new avenues of research in understanding the responses of patients undergoing GM-CSF or IL-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Girard
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie-Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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41
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Rousseau F, Heitz D, Tarleton J, MacPherson J, Malmgren H, Dahl N, Barnicoat A, Mathew C, Mornet E, Tejada I. A multicenter study on genotype-phenotype correlations in the fragile X syndrome, using direct diagnosis with probe StB12.3: the first 2,253 cases. Am J Hum Genet 1994; 55:225-37. [PMID: 8037202 PMCID: PMC1918361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the results of a 14-center collaborative study of genotype-phenotype correlations in 318 fragile X families; these families comprised 2,253 individuals, 1,344 of whom carried a fragile X mutation and 693 of whom had a typical full fragile X mutation. This study demonstrates that direct DNA diagnosis establishes the genotype at the FRAXA-FMR-1 locus. There was a significantly higher prevalence of "mosaic" cases among males who carry a full mutation (12%) than among females who carry a full mutation (6%); the mosaic males had a larger expansion than did the mosaic females. Mental status of premutated individuals did not differ from that of those with a normal genotype. Both the abnormal methylation of the FMR-1-EagI site and the size of the expansion were highly correlated with cytogenetics, facial dysmorphism, macroorchidism, and mental retardation (MR). Among female carriers of a full mutation, those with MR had significantly larger expansion than did those without MR. Among 164 independent couples, 3 unrelated husbands carried a premutation that suggests that the prevalence of fragile X premutations in the general population is approximately 0.9% of the X chromosomes. Our data validate the use of direct DNA testing for fragile X diagnosis as well as for carrier identification and support and complete the established relationships among the DNA results and the cytogenetic, physical, and psychological aspects of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rousseau
- Unité de Recherche en Génétique Humaine et Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital St-François-d'Assise, Québec, Canada
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Peterlin B, Smahi A, Holvoet-Vermaut L, Heitz D, Dahl N, Hors-Cayla MC. An irradiation-reduced hybrid panel for fine-structure mapping of the Xq28 region in the human genome. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1993; 62:58-9. [PMID: 8422759 DOI: 10.1159/000133447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation-reduced somatic cell hybrids containing fragments of the human X chromosome were constructed. Analysis of 16 hybrids that retained the Xq28 region with 12 Xq28-specific markers identified at least six different breakpoints, supporting the order cen-DXS304-DXS374-(DXS33, DXS134, DXS52, DXS15)-RCP-(DXS254, G6PD, F8C)-(DXS115, DXYS64)-qter. The generated panel of hybrids provides a useful tool for fine mapping of probes in the Xq28 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Peterlin
- INSERM U-12, Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, Paris France
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Abstract
Genetic recombination near the fragile X locus (Xq27.3) has frequently been a problem in linkage studies of families in which the fragile X is segregating. This case report illustrates the resolution of a difficult situation in a fragile X family for whom cytogenetic studies were inconclusive and where recombination had twice confounded attempts at prenatal DNA diagnosis by RFLP analysis. Using a newly developed DNA probe, StB12.3, for direct detection of DNA instability in the fragile X locus, the presence of the fragile X was ascertained definitively in a prenatal DNA sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tarleton
- Greenwood Genetic Center, DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, South Carolina 29646
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Heitz D, Devys D, Imbert G, Kretz C, Mandel JL. Inheritance of the fragile X syndrome: size of the fragile X premutation is a major determinant of the transition to full mutation. J Med Genet 1992; 29:794-801. [PMID: 1453430 PMCID: PMC1016175 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.11.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The fragile X mental retardation syndrome is caused by unstable expansion of a CGG repeat. Two main types of mutation have been categorised. Clinical expression is associated with the presence of the full mutation, while subjects who carry only a premutation do not have mental retardation. Premutations have a high risk of transition to full mutation when transmitted by a female. We have used direct detection of the mutations to characterise large families who illustrate the wide variation in penetrance which has been observed in different sibships (a feature often called the Sherman paradox). A family originally found to show tight genetic linkage between the factor 9 gene and the fragile X locus was reanalysed, confirming the original genotype assignments and the observed linkage. The size of premutations was measured by Southern blotting and by using a PCR based test in 102 carrier mothers and this was correlated with the type of mutation found in their offspring. The risk of transition to full mutation was found to be very low for premutations with a size increase (delta) of about 100 bp, increasing up to 100% when the size of premutation was larger than about 200 bp, even after taking into account (at least partially) ascertainment bias. These results confirm and extend those reported by Fu et al (1991) and Yu et al (1992) and explain the Sherman paradox.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Heitz
- LGME/CNRS, INSERM U184, Institut de Chimie Biologique, Strasbourg, France
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Abstract
Direct DNA analysis of fragile X [Fra(X)] mutations has already shown its clear superiority for postnatal and prenatal diagnosis of the disorder and for carrier detection. However, it is of great importance to have conditions which guarantee optimal reliability and sensitivity. Some mutations may be more difficult to detect, especially in female carriers: this is the case for small amplifications of the CGG repeat (premutations) or for smears which can be generated by the instability of the full mutation in somatic tissues. We present the various alternatives (probe/enzymes combinations) for Southern blot based diagnosis, the possible artefacts and our detailed experimental protocol, which has given excellent results on a large number of families. While detection of amplification, using for instance EcoRI, appears sufficient for initial testing of mentally retarded patients, once the fra(X) diagnosis has been established, we favor the use of an EcoRI+EagI digest, which detects both amplification and abnormal methylation, for analysis of the family, including carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. We discuss the place of proposed PCR based techniques for detection of mutations, or for indirect tracking using polymorphic microsatellites in the immediate vicinity of the fra(X) locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rousseau
- LGME/CNRS, INSERM U184, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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Macpherson J, Harvey J, Curtis G, Webb T, Heitz D, Rousseau F, Jacobs P. A reinvestigation of thirty three fragile(X) families using probe StB12.3. Am J Med Genet 1992; 43:905-12. [PMID: 1642285 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320430535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have reinvestigated 33 fragile X families using probe StB12.3. In 31 families the affected individual showed an insert while in 2 families no insert was detected. The insert fell into two size categories: small (less than 0.5 kb); and large (greater than 0.6 kb) accompanied by methylation of an EagI site. All individuals of either sex having a small insert were fra(X) negative and intellectually normal, while all males having a large insert were fra(X) positive and intellectually impaired. Females having a large insert were either fra(X) positive or negative and either intellectually normal or impaired. No new mutation was found. All daughters of males with a small insert had a small insert; females with a large insert produced males and females who had a large insert, while females with a small insert had offspring with either a large or a small insert. However, females with a small insert tended to fall into one of two categories: either they had only children with a small insert or only children with a large insert, there being only one exception to this rule. We found four unexpected small inserts, two in unrelated spouses and two in female carriers who proved to be compound heterozygotes, indicating that they had inherited an insert from both their parents. These observations suggest that individuals with a small insert must be not uncommon in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Macpherson
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Odstock Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
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Abstract
Fragile-X syndrome, the most common inherited form of mental retardation, has a very unusual mode of inheritance. The disease is caused by a multistep expansion, in successive generations, of a polymorphic CGG repeat localized in a 5' exon of FMR-1, a gene of unknown function. Two main mutation types have been categorized. Premutations are moderate expansions of the repeat and do not cause mental retardation. Full mutations are found in affected individuals and involve larger expansions of the repeat, with abnormal methylation of the neighboring CpG island. The full mutations demonstrate striking somatic instability and extinguish expression of FMR-1. Premutations are changed to full mutation only when transmitted by a female with a frequency that increases up to 100% as a function of the initial size of the premutation. Direct detection of the mutations provides an accurate test for pre- and postnatal diagnosis of the disease, and for carrier detection. A similar unstable expansion of a trinucleotide repeat occurs in myotonic dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Mandel
- LGME/CNRS, INSERM U184, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rousseau
- INSERM-U. 184/CNRS-LGME, Strasbourg, France
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Rousseau F, Heitz D, Biancalana V, Blumenfeld S, Kretz C, Boué J, Tommerup N, Van Der Hagen C, DeLozier-Blanchet C, Croquette MF. Direct diagnosis by DNA analysis of the fragile X syndrome of mental retardation. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1673-81. [PMID: 1944467 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199112123252401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fragile X syndrome, the most common form of inherited mental retardation, is caused by mutations that increase the size of a specific DNA fragment of the X chromosome (in Xq27.3). Affected persons have both a full mutation and abnormal DNA methylation. Persons with a smaller increase in the size of this DNA fragment (a premutation) have little or no risk of retardation but are at high risk of having affected children or grandchildren. The passage from premutation to full-mutation status occurs only with transmission from the mother. We have devised a method of identifying carriers of these mutations by direct DNA analysis. METHOD We studied 511 persons from 63 families with the fragile X syndrome. Mutations and abnormal methylation were detected by Southern blotting with a probe adjacent to the mutation target. Analysis of EcoRI and EagI digests of DNA distinguished clearly in a single test between the normal genotype, the premutation, and the full mutation. RESULTS DNA analysis unambiguously established the genetic status at the fragile X locus for all samples tested. This method was much more powerful and reliable than cytogenetic testing or segregation studies with closely linked polymorphic markers. The frequency of mental retardation in persons with premutations was similar to that in the general population, whereas all 103 males and 31 of 59 females with full mutations had mental retardation. About 15 percent of those with full mutations had some cells carrying only the premutation. All the mothers of affected children were carriers of either a premutation or a full mutation. CONCLUSIONS Direct diagnosis by DNA analysis is now an efficient and reliable primary test for the diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome after birth, as well as for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rousseau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 184, Strasbourg, France
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Rousseau F, Heitz D, Oberlé I, Mandel JL. Selection in blood cells from female carriers of the fragile X syndrome: inverse correlation between age and proportion of active X chromosomes carrying the full mutation. J Med Genet 1991; 28:830-6. [PMID: 1757958 PMCID: PMC1017159 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.28.12.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the patterns of mutation and X inactivation in female carriers of a fragile X mutation, to try to correlate them with various phenotypic features. We used a simple assay, which shows simultaneously the size of the mutation, its methylation status, and DNA fragments that represent the normal active and inactive X chromosomes. We have observed an age dependent process, whereby the 'full' fragile X mutation is found preferentially on the inactive X in leucocytes in adult females, but not in younger ones. This phenomenon was not observed in female carriers of a 'premutation', who have little phenotypic expression. Preliminary data suggest that young females who show preferential presence of a full mutation on the active X in leucocytes may be at increased risk for mental retardation. We have also obtained preliminary evidence for an age dependent decrease in the somatic heterogeneity of full mutations, possibly owing to selection for smaller mutated fragments. If confirmed, the latter phenomenon might account for the known decrease with age of the expression of the fragile site. Our observations suggest that a gene whose expression is affected by the presence of a full mutation (possibly the FMR-1 gene) has a cell autonomous function in leucocytes, leading to a slowly progressive selection for cells where the mutation is on the inactive X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire des Eucaryotes du CNRS, Unité 184 de l'INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France
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