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Filenko PA, Chechenina AA, Zaraisky AG, Eroshkin FM. The Effect of Myosin Inhibitors on the Expression of Mechano-Dependent Genes in the Early Development of the Clawed Frog. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ermakova GV, Kucheryavyy AV, Zaraisky AG, Bayramov AV. Comparative Analysis of Expression Patterns of the Noggin Gene Family Genes at the Early Development Stages of Head Structures in the European River Lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Parshina EA, Zaraisky AG, Martynova NY. The Role of Maternal pou5f3.3/oct60 Gene in the Regulation of Initial Stages of Tissue Differentiation during Xenopus laevis Embryogenesis. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Martynova NY, Parshina EA, Eroshkin FM, Zaraisky AG. The Cytoskeletal Protein Zyxin Modulates the Expression of the Target Genes of the Shh Signaling Cascade in the Cells of the Neural Plate of Embryos of the Spur-Toed Frog Xenopus laevis. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ermakova GV, Kucheryavyy AV, Zaraisky AG, Bayramov AV. Heterochrony of the Expression of Lanf and Foxg1 in the Lamprey Confirms the Appearance of the Telencephalon as an Evolutionarily Young Superstructure in the Central Nervous System of Vertebrates. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Bayramov AV, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG. Genetic Mechanisms of the Early Development of the Telencephalon, a Unique Segment of the Vertebrate Central Nervous System, as Reflecting Its Emergence and Evolution. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Eroshkin FM, Kremnev SV, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG. Development of Methods and Techniques to Visualize Mechanical Tension in Embryos Using Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Mechanosensors. Russ J Dev Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360418060024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ivanova AS, Martynova NY, Komarov PA, Orlov EE, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG, Tereshina MB. Obtaining of Agr2 Specific Antibodies and Determination of the Agr2 Protein Distribution Pattern during Early Embryonic Development and Tadpole Regeneration in Xenopus laevis. Russ J Dev Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360418060036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bayramov AV, Ermakova GV, Kucheryavyy AV, Zaraisky AG. Lampreys, “Living Fossils,” in Research on Early Development and Regeneration in Vertebrates. Russ J Dev Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360418080015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ivanova AS, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG, Tereshina MB. Patterns of Mitosis and Activation of the Map-Kinase Cascade during Tadpole Tail Regeneration in the Refractory Period of Xenopus laevis Development. Russ J Dev Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360418050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Martynova NY, Parshina EA, Ermolina LV, Zaraisky AG. The cytoskeletal protein Zyxin interacts with the zinc-finger transcription factor Zic1 and plays the role of a scaffold for Gli1 and Zic1 interactions during early development of Xenopus laevis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:251-256. [PMID: 30180953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have shown recently that the cytoskeletal protein Zyxin participates in the fine tuning of the neural plate pattering in Xenopus laevis embryos by modulating activity of one of the effectors of Hedgehog (Shh) signaling cascade, the transcription factor Gli1. In the present work, we show that Zyxin can also interact with the potential modulator of the Shh pathway, the transcription factor Zic1. The interaction of proteins occurs primarily by mean of the zinc-finger domain of Zic1 and 2nd LIM domain of Zyxin. Moreover, we have also revealed the ability of the Zyxin, Zic1 and Gli1 to form a ternary complex. The activity of this complex resembles that of the previously described by other authors protein complex formed by Gli1 and Zic1, amplifying effect of the latter. The data obtained provide evidence for the scaffolding role of Zyxin for Gli1 and Zic1 interactions and confirm its role in the regulation of Shh signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Martynova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - E A Parshina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - L V Ermolina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - A G Zaraisky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Eroshkin FM, Bayramov AV, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG, Martynova NY. Molecular Mechanisms of the Xanf1 Homeobox Gene Expression Regulation during the Early Development of the Forebrain Rudiment in the Clawed Frog. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Martynova NY, Eroshkin FM, Zaraisky AG. Effect of a Heterodimeric Complex of the Transcription Factors SoxD (Sox15) and Xanf1 on the Formation of the Xanf1 Gene Expression Zone during the Early Development of the Forebrain in the Spur-Toed Frog. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201803010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ivanova AS, Korotkova DD, Martynova NY, Averyanova OV, Zaraisky AG, Tereshina MB. Methods of In Vivo Gene-Specific Knockdown Using Morpholino and Vivo-Morpholino Oligonucleotides. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201803007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bayramov AV, Ermakova GV, Eroshkin FM, Kucheryavyy AV, Martynova NY, Zaraisky AG. Presence of homeobox gene of Anf class in Pacific lamprey Lethenteron camtschaticum confirms the hypothesis about the importance of emergence of Anf genes for the origin of telencephalon in vertebrate evolution. Russ J Dev Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360417040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Eroshkin FM, Martynova NY, Bayramov AV, Ermakova GV, Ivanova AS, Korotkova DD, Zaraisky AG. Interaction of secreted factor Agr2 with its potential receptors from the family of three-finger proteins. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Orlov EE, Nesterenko AM, Martynova NY, Zaraisky AG. Vizualizing the morphogen adsorption gradient in the Xenopus laevis embryo using fluorescently labeled heparin-binding motif of BMP4 morphogen. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bayramov AV, Eroshkin FM, Martynova NY, Orlov EE, Borodulin AV, Zaraisky AG. The secreted protein Noggin4 is an activator of the Wnt/PCP-signaling pathway. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bayramov AV, Eroshkin FM, Borodulin AV, Martynova NY, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG. Secreted protein Noggin4 participates in the formation of forebrain structures in Xenopus laevis by inhibiting the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Russ J Dev Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360416040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bayramov AV, Eroshkin FM, Borodulin AV, Yu Martynova N, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG. [Secreted Protein Noggin4 Participates in the Formation of Forebrain Structures in Xenopus laevis by Inhibiting the Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway]. Ontogenez 2016; 47:229-234. [PMID: 30272399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Noggin proteins are important regulators of the early development of the vertebrate neural system. Previously, it has been traditionally thought that vertebrates have only one noggin gene (Noggin1), whose main function is the inhibition of BMP signaling pathway during the formation of dorsoventral polarity in embryos. Then other proteins of this family were discovered, and the studies of Noggin2 protein showed that noggin proteins also participate in the modulation of Nodal/Activin and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in the early development of amphibian head structures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of another noggin protein, Noggin4. We proved that Noggin4 plays an important role in the formation of head structure in clawed frog, since it inhibits the activity of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. At the same time, unlike Noggin1 and Noggin2, Noggin4 does not inhibit the activity of TGF-beta signaling pathways (BMP and Nodal/Activin).
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Martynova NY, Nesterenko AM, Orlov EE, Eroshkin FM, Borodulin AV, Bayramov AV, Zaraisky AG. The interaction of secreted proteins Noggin4 and Wnt8 from Xenopus laevis embryos. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Eroshkin FM, Fedina NV, Martynova NY, Bayramov AV, Zaraisky AG. [The Point Mutation in NOGGIN2 Protein That Enhances Its Ability to Bind Activin]. Bioorg Khim 2016; 41:749-51. [PMID: 27125031 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015060059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Earlier we have revealed the ability of Noggin family proteins to bind a member of the TUF-β superfamily, ActivinB, and to repress the Activin-dependent Smad2 signaling cascade. In the present work we have characterized a mutant of the Xenopus laevis Noggin2, bearing the substitution W203R. We have shown that this point mutation enhances the affinity of Noggin2 to ActivinB, while weakens its affinity to BMP. Consistently, we have shown that W203 R mutant inhibits Smad2 signaling cascade more efficiently than the wild-type Noggin2. Interestingly, the mutation of human Noggin in the homologous position is associated with hereditary anomalies. The revealed effects of W203R substitution in Noggin2 demonstrate promising potential of such mutagenesis for generation of Noggin variants with enhanced affinity to different members of the TGF-β superfamily.
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Shandarin IN, Ivanova AS, Minin AA, Tereshina MB, Zaraisky AG. The ag1 gene is required for the fin regeneration in Danio rerio. Russ J Bioorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ivanova AS, Shandarin IN, Minin AA, Tereshina MB, Zaraisky AG. [ag1 Is Required for the Fin Regeneration in Danio rerio]. Bioorg Khim 2015; 41:427-431. [PMID: 26615638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current research, we have demonstrated that Ag1 protein is necessary for the fin regeneration in the fish Danio rerio. Robust activation of gene ag1 expression in cells of the wound epithelium is observed after caudal fin amputation. Besides, inhibition of translation of ag1 mRNA leads to retardation of the caudal tail fin regeneration. Results of our research are important because only lower vertebrates (fish and amphibians) with good regenerative capacity have ag1, whereas this gene is missing in higher vertebrates, which are not capable to effectively regenerate limbs. Our data confirm that reduction of the regenerative abilities in higher vertebrates, including human, could be explained by extinction of some genes essential for the regeneration, in particular, of ag1.
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Shemiakina II, Ermakova GV, Cranfill PJ, Baird MA, Evans RA, Souslova EA, Staroverov DB, Gorokhovatsky AY, Putintseva EV, Gorodnicheva TV, Chepurnykh TV, Strukova L, Lukyanov S, Zaraisky AG, Davidson MW, Chudakov DM, Shcherbo D. A monomeric red fluorescent protein with low cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2012; 3:1204. [PMID: 23149748 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicolour labelling with fluorescent proteins is frequently used to differentially highlight specific structures in living systems. Labelling with fusion proteins is particularly demanding and is still problematic with the currently available palette of fluorescent proteins that emit in the red range due to unsuitable subcellular localization, protein-induced toxicity and low levels of labelling efficiency. Here we report a new monomeric red fluorescent protein, called FusionRed, which demonstrates both high efficiency in fusions and low toxicity in living cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Shemiakina
- Shemiakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Novoselov VV, Alexandrova EM, Ermakova GV, Zaraisky AG. Expression zones of three novel genes abut the developing anterior neural plate of Xenopus embryo. Gene Expr Patterns 2003; 3:225-30. [PMID: 12711553 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-133x(02)00077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We identified three novel genes that were expressed within the anterior non-neural ectoderm of Xenopus early neurula embryos. The expression of these genes was observed in the different areas complementary to the expression zone of a homeodomain gene Xanf-1 in the anterior neural plate. One of these genes, a Ras-like GTP-ase Ras-dva, marked the anterior placodal ectoderm area; a second, an Agr family homologous gene, XAgr2, was expressed in the anterior-most ectoderm in the cement gland primordium, and a third, novel gene Nlo was expressed in the lateral neural folds. The genes were transiently expressed in the developing cement and hatching gland primordia, and repressed in the mature cement and hatching glands. XAgr2 and Nlo were also expressed in the otic vesicles, and Ras-dva was expressed in the dorso-lateral column of the neural tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Novoselov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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Minin AA, Ozerova SG, Khaidarova NV, Zaraisky AG. Russ J Dev Biol 2002; 33:218-220. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1016893631538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Brockmann B, Smith MW, Zaraisky AG, Harrison K, Okada K, Kamiya Y. Subcellular localization and targeting of glucocorticoid receptor protein fusions expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 2001; 42:942-51. [PMID: 11577188 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pce120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An animal system of inducible activation of protein fusions with the binding domain of glucocorticoid receptor (BDGR) was tested in Arabidopsis thaliana by monitoring dexamethasone (DEX)-induced nuclear targeting of reporter constructs. Two constructs containing green fluorescent protein (GFP), human homeobox protein Hanf-1 and Xenopus laevis BDGR were used, GFP/Hanf-1/BDGR and GFP/BDGR. The control construct contained GFP alone. In the absence of DEX both fusion proteins were uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of root cells, but showed strong association with plastids in plant aerial parts. DEX treatment of roots prompted a strong and reversible nuclear accumulation of GFP/Hanf-1/BDGR, but not GFP/BDGR. Thus, in roots, the specific nuclear translocation of GFP/Hanf-1/BDGR was driven by Hanf-1 and tightly regulated by BDGR. However, in plant aerial parts treated with DEX, nuclear translocation of GFP/Hanf-1/BDGR was observed only in a few cases, and most part of the fusion protein was incorrectly and irreversibly targeted to plastids. Protease X digestion of isolated chloroplasts showed that BDGR fusion proteins were translocated into the chloroplast envelope and bound to envelope membranes, probably due to association with the chloroplast import apparatus. Thus, for efficient use of the glucocorticoid-inducible system in plants, it will be necessary to modify BDGR structure to prevent incorrect targeting of fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brockmann
- RIKEN (Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
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Lukyanov KA, Fradkov AF, Gurskaya NG, Matz MV, Labas YA, Savitsky AP, Markelov ML, Zaraisky AG, Zhao X, Fang Y, Tan W, Lukyanov SA. Natural animal coloration can Be determined by a nonfluorescent green fluorescent protein homolog. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:25879-82. [PMID: 10852900 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c000338200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the colors displayed by living organisms are determined by low molecular weight pigments or chromoproteins that require a prosthetic group. The exception to this rule is green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria that forms a fluorophore by self-catalyzed protein backbone modification. Here we found a naturally nonfluorescent homolog of GFP to determine strong purple coloration of tentacles in the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata. Under certain conditions, this novel chromoprotein produces a trace amount of red fluorescence (emission lambda(max) = 595 nm). The fluorescence demonstrates unique behavior: its intensity increases in the presence of green light but is inhibited by blue light. The quantum yield of fluorescence can be enhanced dramatically by single amino acid replacement, which probably restores the ancestral fluorescent state of the protein. Other fluorescent variants of the novel protein have emission peaks that are red-shifted up to 610 nm. They demonstrate that long wavelength fluorescence is attainable in GFP-like fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lukyanov
- Shemiakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117871 Moscow, Russia.
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Ermakova GV, Alexandrova EM, Kazanskaya OV, Vasiliev OL, Smith MW, Zaraisky AG. The homeobox gene, Xanf-1, can control both neural differentiation and patterning in the presumptive anterior neurectoderm of the Xenopus laevis embryo. Development 1999; 126:4513-23. [PMID: 10498686 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.20.4513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
From the onset of neurectoderm differentiation, homeobox genes of the Anf class are expressed within a region corresponding to the presumptive telencephalic and rostral diencephalic primordia. Here we investigate functions of the Xenopus member of Anf, Xanf-1, in the differentiation of the anterior neurectoderm. We demonstrate that ectopic Xanf-1 can expand the neural plate at expense of adjacent non-neural ectoderm. In tadpoles, the expanded regions of the plate developed into abnormal brain outgrowths. At the same time, Xanf-1 can inhibit terminal differentiation of primary neurones. We also show that, during gastrula/neurula stages, the exogenous Xanf-1 can downregulate four transcription regulators, XBF-1, Otx-2, Pax-6 and the endogenous Xanf-1, that are expressed in the anterior neurectoderm. However, during further development, when the exogenous Xanf-1 was presumably degraded, re-activation of XBF-1, Otx-2 and Pax-6 was observed in the abnormal outgrowths developed from blastomeres microinjected with Xanf-1 mRNA. Other effects of the ectopic Xanf-1 include cyclopic phenotype and inhibition of the cement gland, both by Otx-2-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Using fusions of Xanf-1 with the repressor domain of Drosophila engrailed or activator domain of herpes virus VP16 protein, we showed that most of the observed effects of Xanf-1 were probably elicited by its functioning as a transcription repressor. Altogether, our data indicate that the repressor function of Xanf-1 may be necessary for regulation of both neural differentiation and patterning in the presumptive anterior neurectoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Ermakova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Mikluho-Maklaya 16/10, V-437 Moscow 117871, Russia
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Matz MV, Fradkov AF, Labas YA, Savitsky AP, Zaraisky AG, Markelov ML, Lukyanov SA. Fluorescent proteins from nonbioluminescent Anthozoa species. Nat Biotechnol 1999; 17:969-73. [PMID: 10504696 DOI: 10.1038/13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1185] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have cloned six fluorescent proteins homologous to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from Aequorea victoria. Two of these have spectral characteristics dramatically different from GFP, emitting at yellow and red wavelengths. All the proteins were isolated from nonbioluminescent reef corals, demonstrating that GFP-like proteins are not always functionally linked to bioluminescence. The new proteins share the same beta-can fold first observed in GFP, and this provided a basis for the comparative analysis of structural features important for fluorescence. The usefulness of the new proteins for in vivo labeling was demonstrated by expressing them in mammalian cell culture and in mRNA microinjection assays in Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Matz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Acadmy of Science, 117871 Moscow, Russia
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Vasiliev OL, Lukyanov SA, Belyavsky AV, Kazanskaya OV, Zaraisky AG. A novel marker of early epidermal differentiation: cDNA subtractive cloning starting on a single explant of Xenopus laevis gastrula epidermis. Int J Dev Biol 1997; 41:877-82. [PMID: 9449464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanism underlying in the earliest steps of the embryonic ectoderm subdivision into epidermis and neuroectoderm, it would be important to isolate differentially expressed genes in presumptive neuroectoderm and epidermis at the gastrula stage, the period of the divergence of the two adjacent ectodermal compartments. Meanwhile, the most direct approach for such a task, i.e. subtractive enrichment of cDNA from neuroectodermal and epidermal explants with differentially expressed gene sequences, was difficult to realize because of the high number of explants needed for this technique. In the present paper we report a novel effective and quite simple method of cDNA subtractive enrichment, based on amplification of cDNA in vitro by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allowing to use a very small amount of initial cDNA samples. With this method we have cloned cDNA of a novel gene of Xenopus laevis, which was named XEP-1 for its specific expression in the presumptive epidermis starting from the midgastrula stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- O L Vasiliev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
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38
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Kazanskaya OV, Severtzova EA, Barth KA, Ermakova GV, Lukyanov SA, Benyumov AO, Pannese M, Boncinelli E, Wilson SW, Zaraisky AG. Anf: a novel class of vertebrate homeobox genes expressed at the anterior end of the main embryonic axis. Gene 1997; 200:25-34. [PMID: 9373136 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Five novel genes homologous to the homeobox-containing genes Xanf-1 and Xanf-2 of Xenopus and Hesx-1/Rpx of mouse have been identified as a result of a PCR survey of cDNA in sturgeon, zebrafish, newt, chicken and human. Comparative analysis of the homeodomain primary structure of these genes revealed that they belong to a novel class of homeobox genes, which we name Anf. All genes of this class investigated so far have similar patterns of expression during early embryogenesis, characterized by maximal transcript levels being present at the anterior extremity of the main embryonic body axis. The data obtained also suggest that, despite considerable high structural divergence between their homeodomains, all known Anf genes may be orthologues, and thus represent one of the most quickly evolving classes of vertebrate homeobox genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Kazanskaya
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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Zaraisky AG, Ecochard V, Kazanskaya OV, Lukyanov SA, Fesenko IV, Duprat AM. The homeobox-containing gene XANF-1 may control development of the Spemann organizer. Development 1995; 121:3839-47. [PMID: 8582293 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121.11.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of gastrulation the homeobox-containing gene, XANF-1, is expressed at a low level throughout the animal hemisphere of Xenopus laevis embryos, with a local maximum of expression in the region of the dorsal blastopore lip. By the end of gastrulation expression ceases everywhere except in the most anterior part of the neurectoderm. We have investigated the functions of this gene by microinjecting XANF-1 mRNA in the blastomeres of the 32-cell stage embryo and have observed the following effects. First, microinjections of the mRNA in the animal blastomeres and the blastomeres of the marginal zone elicited massive migration of cells to the interior of the embryo at the early gastrula stage. Second, overexpression of XANF-1 in the ventral marginal zone (VMZ) resulted in the appearance of an additional centre of gastrulation movements and the formation of a secondary axis. In addition we showed that synthetic XANF-1 mRNA was able to cause dorsal-type differentiation in VMZ explants extirpated from the microinjected embryos at the beginning of gastrulation. These results suggest that XANF-1 may control the main functions of cells of the Spemann organizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Zaraisky
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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40
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Lukyanov KA, Launer GA, Tarabykin VS, Zaraisky AG, Lukyanov SA. Inverted terminal repeats permit the average length of amplified DNA fragments to be regulated during preparation of cDNA libraries by polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem 1995; 229:198-202. [PMID: 7485972 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1995.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique for construction of cDNA libraries starting with very small amounts of cells or tissues is described. The technique is based on the insertion of inverted terminal repeats into amplified cDNAs which permit short molecules to generate "pan"-type structures at each cycle of PCR amplification and thus to escape annealing with primers. This allows one to avoid amplification of primer dimers and makes it possible to perform oligonucleotide tailing of the first cDNA strands followed by PCR amplification in the same tube. Moreover, the average size of amplified cDNAs can be controlled by varying the primer concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Lukyanov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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41
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Zaraisky AG, Lukyanov SA, Vasiliev OL, Smirnov YV, Belyavsky AV, Kazanskaya OV. A novel homeobox gene expressed in the anterior neural plate of the Xenopus embryo. Dev Biol 1992; 152:373-82. [PMID: 1353734 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(92)90144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To obtain gene sequences controlling the early steps of amphibian neurogenesis, we have performed differential screening of a subtractive cDNA library prepared by a novel PCR-based method from a single presumptive neural plate of a Xenopus laevis late-gastrula embryo. As a result we have isolated a fragment of a novel homeobox gene (named XANF-1, for Xenopus anterior neural folds). This gene is expressed predominantly in the anterior part of the developing nervous system. Such preferential localization of XANF-1 mRNA is established from its initially homogenous distribution in ectoderm of early gastrula. This change in the expression pattern is conditioned by a differential influence of various mesoderm regions on ectoderm: anterior mesoderm activates XANF-1 expression in the overlying ectoderm, whereas posterior axial and ventral mesoderm areas inhibit it. The data obtained demonstrate for the first time that selection of genes for specific expression in the CNS of the early vertebrate embryo is affected not only by chordamesoderm (a neural inductor) but also by ventral mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Zaraisky
- Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
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Abstract
One of the most universal events in morphogenesis is the formation of domains of morphologically polarized cells in the initially homogeneous epithelial sheets. We investigate the possibility of considering this process as a phenomenon of self-organization which is based upon the following experimentally proven mechanochemical cell properties: (1) a capacity of individual cells for morphological polarization considered as a bistable "all-or-none" transition of a cell from a non-polarized to a polarized state; (2) transmission of this capacity from one cell to another on their contacts; (3) feedback relations between co-operative cell polarization and tangential elastic tensions in a cell sheet: cell polarization increases tangential tensions whereas the latter inhibit further cell polarization. We have constructed a phenomenological model which formally expresses the above properties. Its mathematical description includes but few macroscopic parameters available to experimental investigation and controlled changes. The analysis of the collective dynamic regimes of cell polarization demonstrates that variations of some non-specific parameters leads to spontaneous transition in the morphology of cell layers accompanied by symmetry breaking (Turing's instability). Under these conditions either long-range ordered patterns of cell polarization (including hexagonal cell nets) or non-regular spotted structures can emerge. In the particular case of a sheet having fixed complete dimensions and lacking any external elastic bonds a stable macrostate is created; it corresponds to the sheet's binary subdivision into polarized and non-polarized cell domains of size-invariant proportions. The model conclusions are compared with the morphogenetical processes in sea-urchin development, the morphogenesis of skin derivates and artificially induced budding in hydrozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Belintsev
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow
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