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Efficacy of immunotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient advanced colorectal cancer in routine clinical practice. An AGEO study. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101574. [PMID: 37244250 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy demonstrated remarkable efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) with mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd)/microsatellite instability (MSI). However, data regarding efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in the routine clinical practice are scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective, multicenter study aiming to evaluate efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in routine clinical practice and to identify predictive markers for long-term benefit. Long-term benefit was defined as progression-free survival (PFS) exceeding 24 months. All patients who received immunotherapy for an MMRd/MSI mCRC were included. Patients who received immunotherapy in combination with another known effective therapeutic class agent (chemotherapy or tailored therapy) were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 284 patients across 19 tertiary cancer centers were included. After a median follow-up of 26.8 months, the median overall survival (mOS) was 65.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 53.8 months-not reached (NR)] and the median PFS (mPFS) was 37.9 months (95% CI 30.9 months-NR). There was no difference in terms of efficacy or toxicity between patients treated in the real-world or as part of a clinical trial. Overall, 46.6% of patients had long-term benefit. Independent markers associated with long-term benefit were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-performance status (ECOG-PS) 0 (P = 0.025) and absence of peritoneal metastases (P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in patients with advanced MMRd/MSI CRC in the routine clinical practice. ECOG-PS score and absence of peritoneal metastases provide simple markers that could help identify patients who benefit the most from this treatment.
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421P FOLFIRINOX with or without targeted therapy as first line for metastatic colorectal cancer: An AGEO multicenter real-world study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Super-resolution time-resolved imaging using computational sensor fusion. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1689. [PMID: 33462284 PMCID: PMC7813875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging across both the full transverse spatial and temporal dimensions of a scene with high precision in all three coordinates is key to applications ranging from LIDAR to fluorescence lifetime imaging. However, compromises that sacrifice, for example, spatial resolution at the expense of temporal resolution are often required, in particular when the full 3-dimensional data cube is required in short acquisition times. We introduce a sensor fusion approach that combines data having low-spatial resolution but high temporal precision gathered with a single-photon-avalanche-diode (SPAD) array with data that has high spatial but no temporal resolution, such as that acquired with a standard CMOS camera. Our method, based on blurring the image on the SPAD array and computational sensor fusion, reconstructs time-resolved images at significantly higher spatial resolution than the SPAD input, upsampling numerical data by a factor \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$4 \times 4$$\end{document}4×4 upsampling of experimental data. We demonstrate the technique for both LIDAR applications and FLIM of fluorescent cancer cells. This technique paves the way to high spatial resolution SPAD imaging or, equivalently, FLIM imaging with conventional microscopes at frame rates accelerated by more than an order of magnitude.
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1840P Impact of diabetes mellitus in cancer patients treated by chemotherapy: A real-life study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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443P First-line chemotherapy with raltitrexed in metastatic colorectal cancer: An AGEO multicentre study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Conical refraction mode of an optical resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1317-1320. [PMID: 32163953 DOI: 10.1364/ol.387182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental mode of a conical refraction resonator, i.e., an optical cavity where light experiences conical refraction (CR) from a biaxial crystal, is experimentally demonstrated in the plano-concave cavity configuration. We have discovered that the fundamental CR mode is characterized by the polarization and intensity structures of CR beams between the plane mirror and CR crystal, and it resembles the fundamental Gaussian mode with homogeneous polarization between the crystal and concave mirror. We theoretically explained this fundamental CR mode using the dual cone model and symmetry of the CR phenomenon and confirmed this explanation by numerical simulations.
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Impact of the IDEA study on clinical practice for stage III colon cancer patients: A French GERCOR - FFCD - GI UNICANCER national survey. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz246.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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FOLFOXIRI versus FOLFIRINOX in first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A propensity score analysis. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz247.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Does bevacizumab increase joint pain? Preliminary results of the BEVARTHRALGIA study. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz265.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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BRAF-mutated colorectal metastases: What is the benefit of liver surgery? Results from a cohort of 91 patients. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz246.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Regorafenib combined with irinotecan as second-line treatment in patients with metastatic gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas: A randomized phase 2 trial (PRODIGE 58 – UCGI 35 – REGIRI). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Titration of Antibodies to Tetanus Toxoid by Agglutination
of Purified Tetanus Toxoid Sensitized Latex Particles. Vox Sang 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000466830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Correlation between alternative endpoints and overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients eligible to a maintenance strategy. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Congrès de l’association américaine de recherche contre le cancer — AACR 2016. ONCOLOGIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-016-2647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Implementation and performance of an in-line incomplete Stokes polarimeter based on a single biaxial crystal. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:8758-8765. [PMID: 26479816 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.008758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing interest of polarimetric information in numerous applications, different Stokes polarimeter designs are provided in the literature for the measure of light beam polarization. Recently, the concept of polarimeters based on the conical refraction (CR) phenomenon, occurring in biaxial crystals, was proposed. CR polarimeters are snapshot polarimeters that allow controlling the volume of data redundancy without an increase in the acquisition time. We present the implementation, calibration, and analysis of an incomplete CR-polarimeter optimized for the measure of linear polarizations. A simpler and cheaper experimental configuration is achieved, if compared with other polarimeters proposed in the literature. The suitability of the polarimeter is experimentally demonstrated and some of its benefits, such as its performance in low-intensity conditions, are discussed.
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2631 Inclusion of patients with urothelial bladder cancer in phase 1 trials: What is the impact? Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)31448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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319 Risk factors of screen-failures in phase 1 clinical trials. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Transformation of vector beams with radial and azimuthal polarizations in biaxial crystals. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2015; 32:1012-1016. [PMID: 26366927 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present both experimentally and theoretically the transformation of radially and azimuthally polarized vector beams when they propagate through a biaxial crystal and are transformed by the conical refraction phenomenon. We show that, at the focal plane, the transverse pattern is formed by a ring-like light structure with an azimuthal node, this node being found at diametrically opposite points of the ring for radial/azimuthal polarizations. We also prove that the state of polarization of the transformed beams is conical refraction-like, i.e., that every two diametrically opposite points of the light ring are linearly orthogonally polarized.
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On the dual-cone nature of the conical refraction phenomenon. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1639-1642. [PMID: 25872036 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In conical refraction (CR), a focused Gaussian input beam passing through a biaxial crystal and parallel to one of the optic axes is transformed into a pair of concentric bright rings split by a dark (Poggendorff) ring at the focal plane. Here, we show the generation of a CR transverse pattern that does not present the Poggendorff fine splitting at the focal plane, i.e., it forms a single light ring. This light ring is generated from a nonhomogeneously polarized input light beam obtained by using a spatially inhomogeneous polarizer that mimics the characteristic CR polarization distribution. This polarizer allows modulating the relative intensity between the two CR light cones in accordance with the recently proposed dual-cone model of the CR phenomenon. We show that the absence of interfering rings at the focal plane is caused by the selection of one of the two CR cones.
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Polarization tailored novel vector beams based on conical refraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:5704-5715. [PMID: 25836800 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.005704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coherent vector beams with involved states of polarization (SOP) are widespread in the literature, having applications in laser processing, super-resolution imaging and particle trapping. We report novel vector beams obtained by transforming a Gaussian beam passing through a biaxial crystal, by means of the conical refraction phenomenon. We analyze both experimentally and theoretically the SOP of the different vector beams generated and demonstrate that the SOP of the input beam can be used to control both the shape and the SOP of the transformed beam. We also identify polarization singularities of such beams for the first time and demonstrate their control by the SOP of the input beam.
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Blue-detuned optical ring trap for Bose-Einstein condensates based on conical refraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:1638-1650. [PMID: 25835921 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.001638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for the optical manipulation of neutral atoms in annular light structures produced by the phenomenon of conical refraction occurring in biaxial optical crystals. For a beam focused to a plane behind the crystal, the focal plane exhibits two concentric bright rings enclosing a ring of null intensity called the Poggendorff ring. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the Poggendorff dark ring of conical refraction is confined in three dimensions by regions of higher intensity. We derive the positions of the confining intensity maxima and minima and discuss the application of the Poggendorff ring for trapping ultra-cold atoms using the repulsive dipole force of blue-detuned light. We give analytical expressions for the trapping frequencies and potential depths along both the radial and the axial directions. Finally, we present realistic numerical simulations of the dynamics of a 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensate trapped inside the Poggendorff ring which are in good agreement with corresponding experimental results.
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Enhanced Structure-Function Relationship in Glaucoma With an Anatomically and Geometrically Accurate Neuroretinal Rim Measurement. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 56:98-105. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Chimiothérapie des métastases résécables et initialement non résécables. ONCOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-014-2467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Super-Gaussian conical refraction beam. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:4349-4352. [PMID: 25078174 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the transformation of Gaussian input beams into super-Gaussian beams with a quasi flat-top transverse profile by means of the conical refraction phenomenon by adjusting the ratio between the ring radius and the waist radius of the input beam to 0.445. We discuss the beam propagation of the super-Gaussian beam and show that it has a confocal parameter three times larger than the one that would be obtained from a Gaussian beam. The experiments performed with a KGd(WO4)2 biaxial crystal are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
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[What do clinicians do with the results of the systematic staging imaging at the time of the breast cancer diagnosis?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 42:325-30. [PMID: 24411340 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asymptomatic distant metastasis is often looked for at the time of initial diagnosis of early breast cancer. However, there is no consensus on when to perform it and on the consequences on the treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-three asymptomatic women receiving systemic neoadjuvant (32 patients) or adjuvant treatment (91 patients) for breast cancer at the Oscar-Lambret center in September 2011 were considered. The staging imaging was a PET scan for 59 patients (pts), a CT scan and a bone scan for 59 patients and both for 5 patients. The result for each procedure was considered normal, abnormal but typically benign or potentially malignant. In this case, another imaging technique was carried out to confirm the suspected diagnosis. The patient was considered metastatic if the results of two different procedures were concordant and eventually in case of response to chemotherapy. RESULTS Nine pts were considered metastatic (9/125=7%). They were stage 1: 1, stage 2: 4 and stage 3: 4. The staging by CT, abdomen and pelvis scan coupled with bone scintigraphy discriminated five metastatic patients with overdiagnosis of 33 benign lesions and the need of 20 additional confirmatory tests. Similarly, the PET staging, more expensive, only discriminated two metastatic patients and 15 benign lesions requiring 20 confirmatory tests. CONCLUSION These results support the international recommendations to make a staging from stage IIIA. The CT, abdominal and pelvic scan coupled with bone scintigraphy should be considered as a gold standard in breast cancer staging.
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Generating a three-dimensional dark focus from a single conically refracted light beam. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:4648-4651. [PMID: 24322096 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report here the generation of a three-dimensional (3D) dark focus from a single focused monochromatic Gaussian beam that undergoes conical refraction when it propagates along one of the optic axes of a biaxial crystal. We study the resulting ring intensity pattern behind the crystal as a function of the ratio between the ring radius and the beam waist and derive the particular parameter values for which a 3D dark focus with null intensity at the ring center is formed. We have performed experiments with a KGd(WO(4))(2) biaxial crystal, reporting the generation of a bottle beam in full agreement with our theoretical investigations.
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Optical vault: a reconfigurable bottle beam based on conical refraction of light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:26335-26340. [PMID: 24216856 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.026335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We employ conical refraction of light in a biaxial crystal to create an optical bottle for photophoretic trapping and manipulation of particles in gaseous media. We show that by only varying the polarization state of the input light beam the optical bottle can be opened and closed in order to load and unload particles in a highly controllable manner.
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Wave-vector and polarization dependence of conical refraction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:4503-4511. [PMID: 23481983 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.004503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally address the wave-vector and polarization dependence of the internal conical refraction phenomenon by demonstrating that an input light beam of elliptical transverse profile refracts into two beams after passing along one of the optic axes of a biaxial crystal, i.e. it exhibits double refraction instead of refracting conically. Such double refraction is investigated by the independent rotation of a linear polarizer and a cylindrical lens. Expressions to describe the position and the intensity pattern of the refracted beams are presented and applied to predict the intensity pattern for an axicon beam propagating along the optic axis of a biaxial crystal.
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The Open Perimetry Interface: An enabling tool for clinical visual psychophysics. J Vis 2012; 12:12.11.22. [DOI: 10.1167/12.11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive persons in Kumasi, Ghana. Ghana Med J 2012; 46:27-33. [PMID: 22605886 PMCID: PMC3353501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence and predictors of sexual risk behaviours among HIV-positive individuals in clinical care in Kumasi, Ghana. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of 267 (43 males and 224 females) HIV-positive individuals attending Kumasi South Regional Hospital. METHODS An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to asses demographic and health characteristics, HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs and sexual risk behaviours. RESULTS Forty-four percent of the sample reported having sex after testing positive for HIV. Of the 175 participants with regular sex partners, 24% had HIV-positive partners. Majority (67%) had HIV-negative partners (serodiscordant couples) or partners of unknown status. More than half (51%) of the study population with regular sex partners reported that they had unprotected anal or vaginal sex. Participants who scored < 50% on the HIV/AIDS knowledge scale were 90% less likely to have used condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Disclosure of HIV status was associated with protective patterns of condom use (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.3-12.9). Participants on ARV were 80% less likely to have used condoms during the last sexual intercourse (OR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.04-0.6). CONCLUSION The high rates of sexual risk behaviour among HIV-positive individuals in this sample place others at risk of HIV infection. It also places these HIV positive individuals at risk for infection with sexually transmitted infections and super-infection with other HIV strains. These findings highlight the need to integrate HIV prevention in routine medical care in Ghana.
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Mass transfer and deodorization efficiency in a countercurrent spray tower for low superficial gas velocities. CAN J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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A two-stage neural spiking model of visual contrast detection in perimetry. Vision Res 2008; 48:1859-69. [PMID: 18602414 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Perimetry is a commonly used clinical test for visual function, limited by high variability. The sources of this variability need to be better understood. In this paper, we investigate whether noise intrinsic to neural firing could explain the variability in normal subjects. We present the most physiologically accurate model to date for stimulus detection in perimetry combining knowledge of the physiology of components of the visual system with signal detection theory, and show that it requires that detection be mediated by multiple cortical cells in order to give predictions consistent with psychometric functions measured in human observers.
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Abstract
Some migraineurs have increased thresholds for the detection of global dot motion. We investigated whether migraineurs show consequential abnormalities in the determination of direction of self-motion (heading) from simulated optic flow. The ability to determine heading from optic flow is likely to be necessary for optimal determination of self-motion through the environment. Twenty-five migraineurs and 25 controls participated. Global dot motion coherence thresholds were assessed, in addition to performance on two simulated heading tasks: one with a symmetrical flow field, and the second with differing velocity of optic flow on the left and right sides of the participant. While some migraineurs demonstrated abnormal global motion coherence thresholds, there was no difference in performance on the heading tasks at either simulated walking (5 km/h) or driving (50 km/h) speeds. Increased global motion coherence thresholds in migraineurs do not result in abnormal judgements of heading from 100% coherent optic flow.
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Abstract
AIM Psychophysical strategies designed for clinical visual field testing produce rapid estimates of threshold with relatively few stimulus presentations and so represent a trade-off between test quality and efficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the measurement error of a staircase algorithm similar to full threshold with standard automated perimetry (SAP) and frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) in glaucoma patients. METHODS Seven patients with early open angle glaucoma (OAG) were prospectively recruited. All were experienced in laboratory based psychophysics. Three matched test locations were examined with SAP (externally driven Humphrey field analyser) and FDP (CRT) in a single arbitrarily selected eye of each subject. Each location was tested twice with a 4-2-2 dB staircase strategy, similar to full threshold, and then with the method of constant stimuli (MOCS). Accuracy (threshold estimation error) was quantified by determination of differences between "true" threshold measurements made by MOCS and single staircase threshold estimates. Precision (repeatability) was quantified by the differences between repeated staircase threshold estimates. RESULTS Precision was relatively high for both tests, although higher for FDP than SAP at depressed sensitivity levels. The staircase strategy significantly underestimated threshold sensitivity for both test types, with the mean difference (95% CI) between staircase and MOCS thresholds being 4.48 dB (2.35 to 7.32) and 1.35 dB (0.56 to 1.73) for SAP and FDP respectively. Agreement levels (weighted kappa) between MOCS and staircase thresholds were found to be 0.48 for SAP and 0.85 for FDP. Although this "bias" appeared constant for FDP across all sensitivity levels, this was not the case for SAP where accuracy decreased at lower sensitivity levels. CONCLUSION Estimations of threshold sensitivity made using staircase strategies common to clinical visual field test instrumentation are associated with varying degrees of measurement error according to visual field test type and sensitivity. In particular, SAP significantly overestimates the "true" level of sensitivity, particularly in damaged areas of the visual field, suggesting that clinical data of this type should be interpreted with caution.
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Variability components of standard automated perimetry and frequency-doubling technology perimetry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:1404-10. [PMID: 11328758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare intra- and intertest variability components for both standard automated perimetry (SAP) and frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in a small group of normal individuals and patients with glaucoma. METHODS The method of constant stimuli (MOCS) was used to examine matched test locations with both SAP and FDT perimetry stimuli in a group of eight normal individuals and seven patients with glaucoma. Subjects were tested weekly at three predetermined visual field loci for 5 consecutive weeks. Frequency-of-seeing (FOS) curves were generated and used to quantify threshold sensitivity (50% seen on FOS, in decibels), intratest variability (FOS interquartile range, in decibels), and intertest variability (interquartile range of weekly repeated threshold determinations, in decibels). RESULTS In patients with glaucoma, SAP intra- and intertest variabilities were found to increase with sensitivity reductions, as previously reported. FDT perimetry revealed that both intra- and intertest variability components did not appreciably change with reductions in sensitivity. With the measurement scales used in this investigation, both intra- and intertest variability components were significantly greater for SAP than for FDT perimetry (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Intratest variability exceeded intertest variability for both SAP (P = 0.001) and FDT perimetry (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS For both SAP and FDT perimetry, variability occurring within a single test session contributed more to total variability than between-session variability. When the measurement scales available on commercial instrumentation were used, FDT perimetry exhibited significantly less variability than SAP, especially within regions of visual field sensitivity loss. FDT perimetry therefore shows promise as an effective test for detecting progressive glaucomatous visual field loss, although prospective longitudinal validation is still required to determine sensitivity to change.
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WHO infant and young child feeding. HEALTH VISITOR 1980; 53:188. [PMID: 6900617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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[Investigation of the immunity status towards tetanus of a population of mechanics at the car-factory "Renault" (author's transl)]. ANNALES DE MICROBIOLOGIE 1978; 129 B:437-49. [PMID: 371480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tetanus immunity has been studied in a population of mechanics working at the car-factory "Renault". For the study, 283 individuals were divided into 3 groups. The first group consisted of non-vaccined individuals, the second of vaccinated individuals and the third of individuals who had been boostered. The influence of different parameters on tetanus immunity status was considered, i. e. the age of the subjects, the time at which boostering was given, the serotherapy (when it was administered) and the contact with machine lubricating and cooling fluids. Clostridium tetani bacilli and spores were frequently found in aqueous machine fluids. Their presence is a potential hazard for non-vaccinated mechanics coming to contact with the fluids. Tetanus antibody levels in the sera of the tested population were determined in vivo by the toxin neutralization test. The influence on tetanus immunity of the different parameters considered in this paper was subjected to statistical analysis. From the whole population, 27% of the individuals were found to have no protection against tetanus. When age was taken into account, 53% of the individuals over 45 years old and 10% of those under 45 years old were shown to be devoid of tetanus immunity. It could be shown that younger individuals were better protected than older ones, because the formers had been immunized with adsorbed tetanus toxoid and most of the latters with fluid toxoid. Of the individuals in the third group who had received a booster injection within 15 years after primo-vaccination, 98% showed protective tetanus antibody levels in their sera in contrast to 25% when boostering had occurred more than 15 years after primo-vaccination. Contact with machine fluids was found to influence the degree of immunity of only those individuals whose boostering dated back to more than 25 years. Unexpectedly, 3 mechanics seemed to develop immunity after coming into contact with machine fluids. From the results reported here, it is concluded that tetanus immunity in vaccinated individuals should be renewed by a compulsory booster injection given every 5, 10 or, at the minimum, 15 years. Moreover, high-risk populations such as that represented by the mechanics should be immunized or boostered on commencing employment.
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[Comparative studies, in young recruits, of anti-tetanus antibody levels electrosyneresis: agglutination of sensitized latex particles and protection in the mouse]. REVUE FRANCAISE DE TRANSFUSION ET IMMUNO-HEMATOLOGIE 1977; 20:159-60. [PMID: 882778 DOI: 10.1016/s0338-4535(77)80029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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40
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[Marcel Raynaud (1911-1974)]. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL STANDARDIZATION 1976; 4:1-3. [PMID: 767342 DOI: 10.1016/0092-1157(76)90031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Titration of antibodies to tetanus toxoid by agglutination of purified tetanus toxoid sensitized latex particles. Vox Sang 1975; 28:238-42. [PMID: 1119135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1975.tb02762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The method of sensitized latex particle agglutination which we have devised allows the selection of samples of plasma for the preparation of immunoglobulins. The population of thus selected samples is the same as is selected by the in vivo test, having a titer greater than or equeal to 6 IU/ml. The test gives a clear-cut difference between the positive and negative results and does not give any prozone phenomenon. It can be used extensively, as the batches of sensitized latex particles may be stored for quite a long time.
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42
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Immunochemistry of tetanus toxin. The nitration of tyrosyl residues in tetanus toxin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 39:171-81. [PMID: 4203744 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb03115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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43
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Immunisation active contre le tétanos au moyen d'anatoxines de divers degrés de pureté. Med Mal Infect 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(73)80052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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On the structure of tetanus toxin. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1973; 276:271-88. [PMID: 4268159 DOI: 10.1007/bf00499881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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46
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[Titration of antitetanus immunoglobulins in man. Development of a latex plate test]. LA NOUVELLE PRESSE MEDICALE 1972; 1:935-8. [PMID: 5019298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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[Heterogeneity of tetanus anatoxin]. ANNALES DE L'INSTITUT PASTEUR 1971; 120:801-15. [PMID: 4997518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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49
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[Immunogenic property of tetanus anatoxins of various degrees of purity and polymerization]. ANNALES DE L'INSTITUT PASTEUR 1971; 120:791-9. [PMID: 4997517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Chemical characterization of tetanus toxin and toxoid. Amino acid composition, number of SH and S-S groups and N-terminal amino acid. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 17:100-5. [PMID: 5486573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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