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Alharbi NK, Aljamaan F, Aljami HA, Alenazi MW, Albalawi H, Almasoud A, Alharthi FJ, Azhar EI, Barhoumi T, Bosaeed M, Gilbert SC, Hashem AM. Immunogenicity of High-Dose MVA-Based MERS Vaccine Candidate in Mice and Camels. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081330. [PMID: 36016218 PMCID: PMC9413082 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic pathogen that can transmit from dromedary camels to humans, causing severe pneumonia, with a 35% mortality rate. Vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in mice, camels, and humans. Previously, we developed a vaccine based on the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) viral vector, encoding a full-length spike protein of MERS-CoV, MVA-MERS. Here, we report the immunogenicity of high-dose MVA-MERS in prime–boost vaccinations in mice and camels. Methods: Three groups of mice were immunised with MVA wild-type (MVA-wt) and MVA-MERS (MVA-wt/MVA-MERS), MVA-MERS/MVA-wt, or MVA-MERS/MVA-MERS. Camels were immunised with two doses of PBS, MVA-wt, or MVA-MERS. Antibody (Ab) responses were evaluated using ELISA and MERS pseudovirus neutralisation assays. Results: Two high doses of MVA-MERS induced strong Ab responses in both mice and camels, including neutralising antibodies. Anti-MVA Ab responses did not affect the immune responses to the vaccine antigen (MERS-CoV spike). Conclusions: MVA-MERS vaccine, administered in a homologous prime–boost regimen, induced high levels of neutralising anti-MERS-CoV antibodies in mice and camels. This could be considered for further development and evaluation as a dromedary vaccine to reduce MERS-CoV transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Fahad Aljamaan
- Animal Facilities, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya A. Aljami
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed W. Alenazi
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Albalawi
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almasoud
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima J. Alharthi
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Bosaeed
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
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Alharbi NK, Samman N, Alhayli S, Alghoribi MF, Almasoud A, Nehdi A. Development and Evaluation of Enzyme-Linked Viral Immune Capture Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:898726. [PMID: 36003542 PMCID: PMC9393230 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.898726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 and it has prompted unprecedented research activities for vaccines, therapeutics, and diagnostics. The real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard method of diagnosis; however, immune-based assays offer cost-effective, deployable, easy-to-read solutions for diagnosis and surveillance. Here, we present the development, optimization, and testing of an enzyme-linked viral immune capture assay (ELVICA). It utilizes the spike antigen as the detected target of the virus and antibody-coated beads to capture the virus and enrich the detection. This method can be readout by luminescent and colorimetric equipment. It can also be visualized by the imaging system, offering a variety of detection approaches. ELVICA showed specificity to SARS-CoV-2-pseudotyped viruses as compared to MERS-CoV-pseudotyped viruses. As compared to RT-PCR, ELVICA showed high compatibility in detecting the virus in patient respiratory samples, especially for samples that are below a Ct value of 32 in RT-PCR. This assay is readily adaptable for detecting other pathogens and serves as a quick and affordable diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nosaibah Samman
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeem Alhayli
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed F. Alghoribi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almasoud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atef Nehdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Atef Nehdi,
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Alharbi NK, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alwehaibe A, Alenazi MW, Almasoud A, Algaisi A, Alhumaydhi FA, Hashem AM, Bosaeed M, Alsagaby SA. Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG Antibodies Following COVID-19 Vaccines. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:4127-4136. [PMID: 35937784 PMCID: PMC9348632 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s362848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to investigate antibody immune responses induced by BNT162b2 and AZD1222 human COVID-19 vaccines in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods ELISA was used to evaluate antibodies, against the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein, in serum samples from 432 vaccinated individuals at six time points: pre-vaccination (baseline), post-prime, post-boost, 6-months, and 1 year post-vaccination, and 3 weeks post a third dose. Virus microneutralization assay was used to confirm antibody responses in a subset of samples. Results Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG were detected in most subjects post-prime, reached a peak level post-boost, and remained at high level at the 6-month follow-up. At 1 year post-vaccine, the antibody levels were low but increased to a significant level higher than the peak following a third dose. The third dose was given at an average of 250 days after the second dose. The virus microneutralization assay confirmed the neutralization activity of the induced SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. The vaccines induced higher IgG titres at post-prime (p=0.0001) and 6 months (p=0.006) in previously infected individuals. An increased interval between prime and boost, more than recommended time, appeared to enhance the IgG levels (p=0004). Moreover, the vaccines induced higher IgG levels in younger subjects (p=0.01). Conclusion These data provide insights and build on the current understanding of immune responses induced by these two vaccines; and support a third boosting dose for these COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Naif Khalaf Alharbi, Email
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amal Alwehaibe
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W Alenazi
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almasoud
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaisi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bosaeed
- Vaccine Development Unit, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard – Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A Alsagaby
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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Bosaeed M, Balkhy HH, Almaziad S, Aljami HA, Alhatmi H, Alanazi H, Alahmadi M, Jawhary A, Alenazi MW, Almasoud A, Alanazi R, Bittaye M, Aboagye J, Albaalharith N, Batawi S, Folegatti P, Ramos Lopez F, Ewer K, Almoaikel K, Aljeraisy M, Alothman A, Gilbert SC, Khalaf Alharbi N. Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine candidate in healthy Middle Eastern adults (MERS002): an open-label, non-randomised, dose-escalation, phase 1b trial. Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e11-e20. [PMID: 34751259 PMCID: PMC8565931 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ChAdOx1-vectored vaccine candidates against several pathogens have been developed and tested in clinical trials and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has now been licensed for emergency use for COVID-19. We assessed the safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine in a phase 1b trial in healthy Middle Eastern adults. METHOD MERS002 is an open-label, non-randomised, dose-escalation, phase 1b trial. Healthy Middle Eastern adults aged 18-50 years were included in the study. ChAdOx1 MERS was administered as a single intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle of the non-dominant arm at three different dose groups: 5·0 × 109 viral particles in a low-dose group, 2·5 × 1010 viral particles in an intermediate-dose group, and 5·0 × 1010 viral particles in a high-dose group. The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of ChAdOx1 MERS, measured by the occurrence of solicited and unsolicited adverse events after vaccination for up to 28 days and occurrence of serious adverse events up to 6 months. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04170829. FINDINGS Between Dec 17, 2019, and June 1, 2020, 24 participants were enrolled (six to the low-dose, nine to the intermediate-dose, and nine to the high-dose group) and received a dose; 23 were available for follow-up at 6 months. The one dose of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine was well tolerated with no serious adverse event reported during the 6 months of follow-up. Most adverse events were mild (67, 74%) and moderate (17, 19%). Six (7%) severe adverse events were reported by two participants in the intermediate-dose group (two feverish, two headache, one joint pain, and one muscle pain). Pain at the injection site was the most common local and overall adverse event, reported by 15 (63%) of the 24 participants. The most common systemic adverse event was headache, reported by 14 (58%), followed by muscle pain reported by 13 (54%). The vaccine induced both antibody and T cell immune responses in all volunteers; antibodies peaked at day 28 and T cell responses peaked at day 14; and continued until the end of follow-up at 6 months. INTERPRETATION The acceptable safety and immunogenicity data from this phase 1b trial of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine candidate in Healthy Middle Eastern adults, combined with previous safety and immunogenicity data from a trial in the UK, support selecting the ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine for advancement into phase 2 clinical evaluation. FUNDING UK Department of Health and Social Care, using UK Aid funding, managed by the UK National Institute for Health Research; and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bosaeed
- Clinical Trial Services, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sultan Almaziad
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya A Aljami
- Vaccine Development Unit, Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Alhatmi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Alanazi
- Clinical Trial Services, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashael Alahmadi
- Vaccine Development Unit, Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayah Jawhary
- Clinical Trial Services, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed W Alenazi
- Vaccine Development Unit, Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almasoud
- Vaccine Development Unit, Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alanazi
- Clinical Trial Services, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustapha Bittaye
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeremy Aboagye
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nahla Albaalharith
- Department of Nursing, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Batawi
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pedro Folegatti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fernando Ramos Lopez
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Khalid Almoaikel
- Clinical Trial Services, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Aljeraisy
- Clinical Trial Services, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Alothman
- Clinical Trial Services, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- Vaccine Development Unit, Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alroqi F, Masuadi E, Alabdan L, Nogoud M, Aljedaie M, Abu-Jaffal AS, Barhoumi T, Almasoud A, Alharbi NK, Alsaedi A, Khan M, Arabi YM, Nasr A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among high-risk healthcare workers in a MERS-CoV endemic area. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1268-1273. [PMID: 34479078 PMCID: PMC8386093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia are a unique population who have had exposures to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It follows that HCWs from this country could have pre-existingMERS-CoV antibodies that may either protect from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or cause false SARS-CoV-2 seropositive results. In this article, we report the seroprevalence of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 among high-risk healthcare workers in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study enrolling 420 high-risk HCWs who are physically in contact with COVID-19 patients in three tertiary hospitals in Riyadh city. The participants were recruited between the 1st of July to the end of December 2020. A 3 ml of the venous blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in high-risk HCWs was 14.8% based on SARS-CoV-2 IgG testing while only 7.4% were positive by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for viral RNA. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 seropositive HCWs had symptoms and the most frequent symptoms were body aches, fever, cough, loss of smell and taste, and headache. The seroprevalence of MERS-CoV IgG was 1% (4 participants) and only one participant had dual seropositivity against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Three MERS-CoV positive samples (75%) turned to be negative after using in-house ELISA and none of the MERS-CoV seropositive samples had detectable neutralization activity. CONCLUSION Our SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence results were higher than reported regional seroprevalence studies. This finding was expected and similar to other international findings that targeted high-risk HCWs. Our results provide evidence that the SARS-CoV-2- seropositivity in Saudi Arabia similar to other countries was due to exposure to SARS-CoV-2 rather than MERS-CoV antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayhan Alroqi
- Department of Paediatric, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital (KASCH), Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, City, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Masuadi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lulwah Alabdan
- Prince Mohammed Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital (PMAH), Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysa Nogoud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Aljedaie
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Abu-Jaffal
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tlili Barhoumi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almasoud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alsaedi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khan
- Prince Mohammed Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital (PMAH), Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen M Arabi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amre Nasr
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre (KAIMRC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alserehi HA, Alqunaibet AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alharbi NK, Alshukairi AN, Alanazi KH, Bin Saleh GM, Alshehri AM, Almasoud A, Hashem AM, Alruwaily AR, Alaswad RH, Al-Mutlaq HM, Almudaiheem AA, Othman FM, Aldakeel SA, Abu Ghararah MR, Jokhdar HA, Algwizani AR, Almudarra SS, Albarrag AM. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia: comparing case and control hospitals. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 99:115273. [PMID: 33296851 PMCID: PMC7677039 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) stand at the frontline for fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This puts them at higher risk of acquiring the infection than other individuals in the community. Defining immunity status among health care workers is therefore of interest since it helps to mitigate the exposure risk. This study was conducted between May 20th and 30th, 2020. Eighty-five hospitals across Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were divided into 2 groups: COVID-19 referral hospitals are those to which RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were admitted or referred for management (Case-hospitals). COVID-19 nonaffected hospitals where no COVID-19 patients had been admitted or managed and no HCW outbreak (Control hospitals). Next, seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among HCWs was evaluated; there were 12,621 HCWs from the 85 hospitals. There were 61 case-hospitals with 9379 (74.3%) observations, and 24 control-hospitals with 3242 (25.7%) observations. The overall positivity rate by the immunoassay was 299 (2.36%) with a significant difference between the case-hospital (2.9%) and the control-group (0.8%) (P value <0.001). There was a wide variation in the positivity rate between regions and/or cities in Saudi Arabia, ranging from 0% to 6.31%. Of the serology positive samples, 100 samples were further tested using the SAS2pp neutralization assay; 92 (92%) samples showed neutralization activity. The seropositivity rate in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is low and varies across different regions with higher positivity in case-hospitals than control-hospitals. The lack of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) in 8% of the tested samples could mean that assay is a more sensitive assay or that neutralization assay has a lower detection limits; or possibly that some samples had cross-reaction to spike protein of other coronaviruses in the assay, but these were not specific to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Ali Alserehi
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ada Mohammed Alqunaibet
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, and Quality and Patient Safety Departement, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Nizar Alshukairi
- Department of medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Amer Mohammed Alshehri
- Public Health Lab, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almasoud
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amaal Rabie Alruwaily
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab Habeeb Alaswad
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Mohammed Al-Mutlaq
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulllah Ali Almudaiheem
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Mahmoud Othman
- Research department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Sami Saeed Almudarra
- Executive Department of Global Health, Epidemiology, surveillance and preparedness affairs, Executive Department of Research, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed Albarrag
- Public Health Lab, Saudi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alharbi NK, Qasim I, Almasoud A, Aljami HA, Alenazi MW, Alhafufi A, Aldibasi OS, Hashem AM, Kasem S, Albrahim R, Aldubaib M, Almansour A, Temperton NJ, Kupke A, Becker S, Abu-Obaidah A, Alkarar A, Yoon IK, Azhar E, Lambe T, Bayoumi F, Aldowerij A, Ibrahim OH, Gilbert SC, Balkhy HH. Humoral Immunogenicity and Efficacy of a Single Dose of ChAdOx1 MERS Vaccine Candidate in Dromedary Camels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16292. [PMID: 31705137 PMCID: PMC6841732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
MERS-CoV seronegative and seropositive camels received a single intramuscular dose of ChAdOx1 MERS, a replication-deficient adenoviral vectored vaccine expressing MERS-CoV spike protein, with further groups receiving control vaccinations. Infectious camels with active naturally acquired MERS-CoV infection, were co-housed with the vaccinated camels at a ratio of 1:2 (infected:vaccinated); nasal discharge and virus titres were monitored for 14 days. Overall, the vaccination reduced virus shedding and nasal discharge (p = 0.0059 and p = 0.0274, respectively). Antibody responses in seropositive camels were enhancedby the vaccine; these camels had a higher average age than seronegative. Older seronegative camels responded more strongly to vaccination than younger animals; and neutralising antibodies were detected in nasal swabs. Further work is required to optimise vaccine regimens for younger seronegative camels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim Qasim
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Almasoud
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya A Aljami
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W Alenazi
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhafufi
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Aldibasi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Kasem
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, El Geish Street, 33516, Egypt
| | - Raed Albrahim
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Aldubaib
- College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almansour
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigel J Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Kupke
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Gieβen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Gieβen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Ali Abu-Obaidah
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alkarar
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - In-Kyu Yoon
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Esam Azhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Faisal Bayoumi
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Aldowerij
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman H Ibrahim
- Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah C Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hanan H Balkhy
- Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hashem AM, Algaissi A, Agrawal A, Al-amri S, Almasoud A, Alharbi N, Peng BH, Li X, Tseng CT. CD40-targeted S1 subunit vaccine protects against MERS-CoV and S1-associated pulmonary immunopathology in transgenic human DPP4 mouse model. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.139.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic respiratory virus that emerged in 2012. While infection control measures have played a major role in limiting human/camel-to-human transmissions, development of safe and effective human or camel vaccines is warranted. Here, we extended and optimized our previous rAd5-based vaccine platform characterized by in vivo amplified and CD40-mediated specific responses to generate MERS-CoV S1 subunit-based vaccine. We generated rAd5 constructs expressing CD40-targeted S1 fusion protein (rAd5-S1/F/CD40L), untargeted S1 (rAd5-S1), and GFP (rAd5-GFP), and evaluated their efficacy and safety in human DPP4 transgenic (hDPP4 Tg+) mice. Immunization of hDPP4 Tg+ mice showed that a single dose of rAd5-S1/F/CD40L elicited robust and significant specific IgG and neutralizing antibody responses as those induced in mice immunized with two-doses of rAd5-S1. After MERS-CoV challenge, both vaccines conferred complete protection against morbidity and mortality, as evidenced by significantly undetectable/reduced pulmonary viral loads as compared to control group. However, rAd5-S1 but not rAd5- S1/F/CD40L immunized mice exhibited marked pulmonary perivascular hemorrhage post MERS-CoV challenge despite the observed protection. Collectively, these data indicate that incorporating CD40L into this Ad5-based MERS-CoV S1 subunit vaccine as targeting molecule and molecular adjuvant can not only enhance immunogenicity and efficacy but also prevents induction of inadvertent pulmonary pathology in immunized and challenged mice, thereby offering a promising strategy to enhance the safety and potency of antigen-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Naif Alharbi
- 3King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Saudi Arabia
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Gong C, Almasoud A, Pellegrini-Moïse N, Pinel S, Barberi-Heyob M, Chastagner P, Boura C. PO-013 A novel peptidomimetic targeting NRP1 increases radiosensitivity of medulloblastoma stem cells. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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