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Gogoi BB, Yeasin M, Paul RK, Deka D, Malakar H, Saikia J, Rahman FH, Maiti CS, Sarkar A, Handique JG, Kanrar B, Singh AK, Karak T. Pollution indices of selected metals in tea (Camellia sinensis L.) growing soils of the Upper Assam region divulge a non-trifling menace of National Highway. Sci Total Environ 2024; 920:170737. [PMID: 38340860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the influence of a National Highway (NH) traversing tea estates (TEs) on heavy metal (HM) contamination in the top soils of Upper Assam, India. The dispersion and accumulation of six HMs, viz. cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), within tea-growing soils were assessed using diverse indices: contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC), enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), modified degree of contamination (MDC), Nemerow pollution index (PINemerow), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk factor (Eri), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The order of HM prevalence was Fe > Mn > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd. Elevated Cd levels near the NH prompted immediate attention, while Cd and Zn showed moderate pollution in CF, EF, and RI. The remaining metals posed minimal individual risk (Eri< 40), resulting in an overall contamination range of "nil to shallow," signifying slight contamination from the studied metals. From MDC values for investigated metals, it was found to be "zero to very low degree of contamination" at all locations except the vicinity of NH. Soil pollution, as determined by PLI, indicated unpolluted soils in both districts, yet PINemerow values indicated slight pollution. The statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant decrease in most of the indices of HM as the distance from NH increases. The application of multivariate statistical techniques namely Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis showed the presence of three distinct homogenous groups of distances based on different indices. This investigation underscores NH-associated anthropogenic effects on TE soil quality due to HM deposition, warranting proactive mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyot Bikash Gogoi
- Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Dikom, 786101 Dibrugarh, Assam, India; Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, Dibrugarh 786001, Assam, India; Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Diganta Deka
- North Bank Advisory Centre, Tea Research Association, Thakurbari 784 503, Assam, India
| | - Harisadhan Malakar
- Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara, 785008 Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jiban Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Feroze Hasan Rahman
- ICAR-NBSS and LUP, Regional Center Kolkata, Block DK, Sector II, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - C S Maiti
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | - Animesh Sarkar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | | | - Bappaditya Kanrar
- TLabs, Tea Research Association, Kolkata 700 016, West Bengal, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus, Medziphema 797106, Nagaland, India.
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Bharti N, Dwivedi AK, Gupta S, Singh AK, Sharma B, Khan IA. A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Relationship Between Malnutrition and Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy. Cureus 2024; 16:e55753. [PMID: 38586741 PMCID: PMC10999170 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cerebral palsy (CP) characterizes a range of permanent, nonprogressive symptoms of postural and motor dysfunction caused by an insult to the developing central nervous system in a fetus or an infant. CP manifests early in life, often within the first two to three years of age. CP is associated with poor growth, that is the deviation from the normal growth parameters. The prevalence of CP ranges from 2.0 to 3.5 per 1000 live births in high-income countries which is comparable to the estimates from low-income countries. Antenatal and perinatal insults are among the most commonly reported causes of CP; however, a large number of cases do not have an identifiable etiology of CP. The current study aims to examine the relationship between malnutrition and gross motor function in children with CP. Materials and Methods This study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nehru Hospital, Baba Raghav Das (BRD) Medical College, Gorakhpur (UP) over a period of one year (August 2020 to July 2021) after obtaining ethical clearance from the College Research Council. Children of age 1-15 years with CP attending the pediatric outpatient and inpatient departments were enrolled as the study participants after obtaining informed consent from a legal guardian. Assessment of motor function was done using the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS). Associations of malnutrition across levels of gross motor function were tested using Chi-square or Fisher's exact test whichever was applicable. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 as significant. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21 (Released 2012; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Result We analyzed 110 children with a diagnosis of CP (median age 6.5 years, interquartile range (IQR) 4.4-9.0 years). The majority (65/110; 59%) of the patients were male, and 68 (61.8%) delivered at term gestation. The most common presenting symptom among children with CP was seizures (79/110; 72.3%), the second most common being delayed milestones among 73 (66.8%), followed by difficulty in breathing among 63 (57.5%). The association between the anthropometric index of participants and GMFCS was found to be highly significant. Conclusion Most CP patients were facing gross motor disturbances. Spastic type of CP was most frequent, and more than half of the patients experienced feeding difficulty. A statistically significant association was found between gross motor functioning and the prevalence of malnutrition and stunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Bharti
- Pediatrics, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | | | - Shikha Gupta
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | | | | | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Community Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
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Shah M, Noronha V, Patil V, Menon N, Singh AK, Shah A, Kumar P, Roychoudhary O, Peelay Z, Janu A, Purandare N, Chakrabarty N, Patil V, Kaushal R, Shetty O, Pai T, Chandrani P, Chougule A, Prabhash K. The Role of Systemic Therapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and a Poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:128-129. [PMID: 38097463 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- M Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Shah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - O Roychoudhary
- Biostatistics, Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Z Peelay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Janu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Purandare
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Chakrabarty
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Patil
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - R Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - O Shetty
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - T Pai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - P Chandrani
- Department of Medical Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Chougule
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Pandey V, Mishra S, Maity N, Paul S, B AM, Roy AK, Glavin NR, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Singh AK, Kochat V. Probing Interlayer Interactions and Commensurate-Incommensurate Transition in Twisted Bilayer Graphene through Raman Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2024. [PMID: 38295130 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Twisted 2D layered materials have garnered much attention recently as a class of 2D materials whose interlayer interactions and electronic properties are dictated by the relative rotation/twist angle between the adjacent layers. In this work, we explore a prototype of such a twisted 2D system, artificially stacked twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG), where we probe, using Raman spectroscopy, the changes in the interlayer interactions and electron-phonon scattering pathways as the twist angle is varied from 0° to 30°. The long-range Moiré potential of the superlattice gives rise to additional intravalley and intervalley scattering of the electrons in TBLG, which has been investigated through their Raman signatures. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic band structure of the TBLG superlattices were found to be in agreement with the resonant Raman excitations across the van Hove singularities in the valence and conduction bands predicted for TBLG due to hybridization of bands from the two layers. We also observe that the relative rotation between the graphene layers has a marked influence on the second order overtone and combination Raman modes signaling a commensurate-incommensurate transition in TBLG as the twist angle increases. This serves as a convenient and rapid characterization tool to determine the degree of commensurability in TBLG systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Pandey
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Subhendu Mishra
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Nikhilesh Maity
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Sourav Paul
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Abhijith M B
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Ajit K Roy
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Nicholas R Glavin
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Vidya Kochat
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Yadav LP, Gangadhara K, Apparao VV, Yadav V, Mishra DS, Singh AK, Rane J, Kaushik P, Janani P, Kumar R, Verma AK, Kumar S, Malhotra SK, Shekhawat N. Genetic diversity, morphological traits, quality traits and antioxidants potentiality of Coccinia grandis germplasm under rainfed semi-arid region. Sci Rep 2024; 14:868. [PMID: 38195737 PMCID: PMC10776759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability for morphological and qualitative traits of Coccinia for development of trait specific lines at ICAR-Central Horticultural Experiment Station (CIAH-RS), Panchmahals (Godhra), Gujarat during 2020-2022. In this study, we evaluated 26 gynoecious accessions to assess the genetic divergence through principal component and cluster analysis. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rainfed semi-arid conditions. High values of PCV and GCV were observed for variables such as NFFP (25.13 and 22.20), PL (23.14 and 20.69), FD (24.01 and 21.46), AFW (22.98 and 20.13), NFPY (26.38 and 24.40), FYP (37.57 and 31.29), FY (35.55 and 33.20), AsC (28.65 and 27.73), Ac (24.32 and 21.06), TSS (37.23 and 35.94), DPPHL (20.71 and 20.38), FRAPL (21.08 and 20.92), TPF(20.81 and 20.45) respectively. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for vine length (VL), internodal length (IL), number of female flowers per plant (NFFP), fruit length (FL), peduncle length (PL), fruit diameter (FD), average fruit weight (AFW), number of fruit per plant per year (NFPY), fruit yield per plant (FYP), fruit yield (FY), ascorbic acid (AsC), acidity (Ac), total soluble solids (TSS), total phenols in leaves TPL), total flavonoids in leaves TFL, CUPRAC in leaves (CUPRACL), DPPH in leaves (DPPHL), FRAP in leaves (FRAPL), Total phenols in fruits (TPF), Total flavonoids in fruits (TFF), CUPRAC in fruits (CUPRACF) and DPPH in fruits (DPPHF). The FYP exhibited a significant positive correlation with variables like VL (0.6833), IL (0.2991), NFFP (0.8107), FD (0.5245), AFW (0.6766), NFPY (0.7659), ASC (0.4611), TSS (0.5004) and TPF (0.4281). The estimates of genetic parameters revealed scope for further improvement of fruit yield by selection. Of the eight principal components, PC-I through PC-VIII had eigen values greater than 1 and it accounts 85.02% of the total variation for 26 gynoecious accessions of Ivy gourd. The eigen values of PC-I comprised 5.775% of total variation followed by PC-II (4.250%), PC-III (3.175%), PC-IV (2.588%), PC-V (1.828%), PC-VI (1.447%), PC-VII (1.179%) and PC-VIII (1.013%).The cluster VI and cluster I having highest mean values for most of traits under study. Thus, genotypes from the distinct cluster like cluster VI and I for should be used for selection of parents and varietal improvement for further breeding programme in ivy gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalu Prasad Yadav
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India.
| | - K Gangadhara
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - V V Apparao
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - D S Mishra
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - A K Singh
- ICAR-Central Horicultulal Experiment Station (CIAH RS), Godhra, 389340, Gujarat, India
| | - Jagdish Rane
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner, 334006, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - P Janani
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Shillong, 793 009, Meghalaya, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner, 334006, Rajasthan, India
| | - A K Verma
- ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Beechwal, Bikaner, 334006, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - S K Malhotra
- ICAR-Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, Pusa, 110012, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Shekhawat
- ICAR-NBPGR Regional Station Jodhpur, C/o CAZRI, Jodhpur, 342003, Rajasthan, India
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Boutagy NE, Gamez-Mendez A, Fowler JW, Zhang H, Chaube BK, Esplugues E, Kuo A, Lee S, Horikami D, Zhang J, Citrin KM, Singh AK, Coon BG, Lee MY, Suarez Y, Fernandez-Hernando C, Sessa WC. Dynamic metabolism of endothelial triglycerides protects against atherosclerosis in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e170453. [PMID: 38175710 PMCID: PMC10866653 DOI: 10.1172/jci170453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are continually exposed to circulating lipids, and elevation of ApoB-containing lipoproteins causes atherosclerosis. Lipoprotein metabolism is highly regulated by lipolysis, largely at the level of the capillary endothelium lining metabolically active tissues. How large blood vessels, the site of atherosclerotic vascular disease, regulate the flux of fatty acids (FAs) into triglyceride-rich (TG-rich) lipid droplets (LDs) is not known. In this study, we showed that deletion of the enzyme adipose TG lipase (ATGL) in the endothelium led to neutral lipid accumulation in vessels and impaired endothelial-dependent vascular tone and nitric oxide synthesis to promote endothelial dysfunction. Mechanistically, the loss of ATGL led to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced inflammation in the endothelium. Consistent with this mechanism, deletion of endothelial ATGL markedly increased lesion size in a model of atherosclerosis. Together, these data demonstrate that the dynamics of FA flux through LD affects endothelial cell homeostasis and consequently large vessel function during normal physiology and in a chronic disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil E. Boutagy
- Department of Pharmacology
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
| | - Ana Gamez-Mendez
- Department of Pharmacology
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
| | - Joseph W.M. Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
| | - Hanming Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bal K. Chaube
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Enric Esplugues
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
| | - Daiki Horikami
- Department of Pharmacology
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Citrin
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Abhishek K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
| | - Brian G. Coon
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Monica Y. Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yajaira Suarez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William C. Sessa
- Department of Pharmacology
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and
- Department of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Yadav S, Singh AK, Selvaraj RK, Applegate TJ, Bhattacharya P, Shinall SB, Fenn LS, Shanmugasundaram R, Kim WK. Research Note: Effect of dietary xylo-oligosaccharide on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and specific cecal bacteria in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103189. [PMID: 37939588 PMCID: PMC10665916 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the prebiotic effect of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) supplemented in a corn-soybean meal (SBM) based conventional diet on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and quantification of specific bacteria in the ceca of broilers. A total of 240 d of hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments (corn-SBM-based control diet) containing 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% XOS. The broilers were raised for 21 d in 6 replicate cages, each containing 10 birds. Growth performance parameters were obtained weekly. Additionally, small intestinal tissues were collected to evaluate histomorphometry and whole ceca were collected to quantify bacterial populations on D21. The results showed that inclusion of XOS has similar body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) as the control group during the 21-day study. The results further indicate a tendency for the jejunum villus to crypt ratio (VH:CD) to increase in birds given 0.05 and 0.2% XOS (P = 0.08). Cecal bacteria quantification showed a linear increase in Bifidobacterium with increasing XOS levels (P < 0.0001) and a decrease Clostridium perfringens levels compared to birds fed the control diet (P < 0.0001). However, there were no differences in the total counts of Lactobacillus and E. coli. Together these results showed that while there were no differences in growth parameters up to 21 d, the histomorphology findings and the increase in Bifidobacterium, along with the reduction in C. perfringens observed in the XOS groups, suggest a beneficial impact of XOS inclusion on gut health. Further research with longer feeding periods and higher XOS levels should be conducted to explore potential positive effects on both growth and gut health parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - R K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - T J Applegate
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - S B Shinall
- Rayonier Advanced Materials, Inc., Jesup, GA 31545, USA
| | - L S Fenn
- Rayonier Advanced Materials, Inc., Jesup, GA 31545, USA
| | - R Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Singh AK, Prasad P, Cancelas JA. Mesenchymal stromal cells, metabolism, and mitochondrial transfer in bone marrow normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1325291. [PMID: 38169927 PMCID: PMC10759248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1325291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation-based treatments are in different phases of clinical development, ranging from current therapies to a promise in the repair and regeneration of diseased tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), which are fibroblast-like heterogeneous progenitors with multilineage differentiation (osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic) and self-renewal potential, and exist in the bone marrow (BM), adipose, and synovium, among other tissues, represent one of the most widely used sources of stem cells in regenerative medicine. MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) exhibit a variety of traits, including the potential to drive HSC fate and anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive capabilities via paracrine activities and interactions with the innate and adaptive immune systems. The role of BM-MSC-derived adipocytes is more controversial and may act as positive or negative regulators of benign or malignant hematopoiesis based on their anatomical location and functional crosstalk with surrounding cells in the BM microenvironment. This review highlights the most recent clinical and pre-clinical findings on how BM-MSCs interact with the surrounding HSCs, progenitors, and immune cells, and address some recent insights on the mechanisms that mediate MSCs and adipocyte metabolic control through a metabolic crosstalk between BM microenvironment cells and intercellular mitochondrial transfer in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K. Singh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Parash Prasad
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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9
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Chaube B, Citrin KM, Sahraei M, Singh AK, de Urturi DS, Ding W, Pierce RW, Raaisa R, Cardone R, Kibbey R, Fernández-Hernando C, Suárez Y. Suppression of angiopoietin-like 4 reprograms endothelial cell metabolism and inhibits angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8251. [PMID: 38086791 PMCID: PMC10716292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is known to regulate various cellular and systemic functions. However, its cell-specific role in endothelial cells (ECs) function and metabolic homeostasis remains to be elucidated. Here, using endothelial-specific Angptl4 knock-out mice (Angptl4iΔEC), and transcriptomics and metabolic flux analysis, we demonstrate that ANGPTL4 is required for maintaining EC metabolic function vital for vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Knockdown of ANGPTL4 in ECs promotes lipase-mediated lipoprotein lipolysis, which results in increased fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation. This is also paralleled by a decrease in proper glucose utilization for angiogenic activation of ECs. Mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Angptl4 showed decreased pathological neovascularization with stable vessel structures characterized by increased pericyte coverage and reduced permeability. Together, our study denotes the role of endothelial-ANGPTL4 in regulating cellular metabolism and angiogenic functions of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balkrishna Chaube
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kathryn M Citrin
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mahnaz Sahraei
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diego Saenz de Urturi
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard W Pierce
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raaisa Raaisa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Kibbey
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Sahu H, Patil VM, Menon N, Singh AK, Biswas S, Janu A, Chakraborty N, Prabhash K, Noronha V. Infections in Patients with Advanced-stage Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-mutant Lung Cancer - a Post-hoc Analysis of a Randomised Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:811-812. [PMID: 37838606 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sahu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V M Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Biswas
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Janu
- Department of Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - V Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Singh AK, Chaube B, Citrin KM, Fowler JW, Lee S, Catarino J, Knight J, Lowery S, Shree S, Boutagy N, Ruz-Maldonado I, Harry K, Shanabrough M, Ross TT, Malaker S, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C, Grabinska K, Sessa WC. Loss of cis-PTase function in the liver promotes a highly penetrant form of fatty liver disease that rapidly transitions to hepatocellular carcinoma. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.13.566870. [PMID: 38014178 PMCID: PMC10680637 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-linked fatty liver is a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 1,2 ; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to HCC remains unclear. The present study explores the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein NgBR, an essential component of the cis-prenyltransferases (cis-PTase) enzyme 3 , in chronic liver disease. Here we show that genetic depletion of NgBR in hepatocytes of mice (N-LKO) intensifies triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, inflammatory responses, ER/oxidative stress, and liver fibrosis, ultimately resulting in HCC development with 100% penetrance after four months on a high-fat diet. Comprehensive genomic and single cell transcriptomic atlas from affected livers provides a detailed molecular analysis of the transition from liver pathophysiology to HCC development. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2), a key enzyme in hepatic TAG synthesis, abrogates diet-induced liver damage and HCC burden in N-LKO mice. Overall, our findings establish NgBR/cis-PTase as a critical suppressor of NAFLD-HCC conversion and suggests that DGAT2 inhibition may serve as a promising therapeutic approach to delay HCC formation in patients with advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
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Biswas B, Thakur K, Pote TD, Sharma KD, Krishnan SG, Singh AK, Sharma TR, Rathour R. Genetic and molecular analysis of leaf blast resistance in Tetep derived line RIL4 and its relationship to genes at Pita/Pita 2 locus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18683. [PMID: 37907574 PMCID: PMC10618204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vietnamese indica landrace 'Tetep' is known worldwide for its durable and broad spectrum-resistance to blast. We performed genetic and molecular analyses of leaf blast resistance in a Tetep derived recombinant inbred line 'RIL4' which is resistant to both leaf and neck blast. Phenotypic analysis of segregating F2 progenies suggested that leaf blast resistance in RIL4 was controlled by a dominant gene tentatively designated as Pi-l(t). The gene was mapped to a 2.4 cm region close to the centromere of chromosome 12. The search for the gene content in the equivalent genomic region of reference cv. Nipponbare revealed the presence of five NBS-LRR genes, two of which corresponded to the alleles of Pita and Pi67 genes previously identified from Tetep. The two other genes, LOC_Os12g17090, and LOC_Os12g17490 represented the homologs of stripe rust resistance gene Yr10. The allelic tests with Pita2 and Pi67 lines suggested that the leaf blast resistance gene in RIL4 is either allelic or tightly linked to these genes. The genomic position of the leaf blast resistance gene in RIL4 perfectly coincided with the genomic position of a neck blast resistance gene Pb2 previously identified from this line suggesting that the same gene confers resistance to leaf and neck blast. The present results were discussed in juxtaposition with past studies on the genes of Pita/Pita2 resistance gene complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Biswas
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - K Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr YSP University of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag, 175048, India
| | - T D Pote
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - K D Sharma
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - T R Sharma
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - R Rathour
- CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India.
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13
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Iovoli AJ, Stephans KL, Bogart JA, Tian L, Videtic GM, Singh AK. Change in Quality of Life after Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) on a Prospective Trial of Peripheral Stage I or II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Predicts Survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e26-e27. [PMID: 37784997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) We previously reported the results of a randomized, multi-institutional phase II clinical trial evaluating one versus three fractions of SBRT for peripheral Stage I to II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A secondary objective to compare quality of life (QOL) data and its association with survival outcomes is reported. MATERIALS/METHODS Medically inoperable patients with biopsy-proven peripheral T1-2N0M0 NSCLC were enrolled. Patients were randomized to 30 Gy in 1 fraction (arm 1) or 60 Gy in 3 fractions (arm 2) and stratified by performance status. QOL scores from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC QLQ Lung Cancer-Specific Module (EORTC QLQ-LC13) questionnaires were required at baseline and each follow-up visit. Univariate models were generated to evaluate associations between QOL scores and survival with 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated at each time point. RESULTS Among 98 patients enrolled (49 in each arm), 88 patients had data available for QOL analysis. At 6 month follow up, patients with stable or decreased (n = 49) versus those with increased global QOL scores (n = 27) had worse progression-free survival (HR [Hazards' Ratio] 2.32 [CI, 1.14-4.73], p = 0.021) and overall survival (HR 2.13 [CI, 1.01-4.51], p = 0.048). Similar results persisted at the 12 month follow up for progression-free survival (HR 3.90 [CI, 1.52-10.04], p = 0.016) and overall survival (HR 3.25 [CI, 1.25-8.43], p = 0.016). Median overall survival for patients with stable or decreased global QOL versus increased global QOL at 6 month follow up was 39.0 vs 60.3 months (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION Change in QOL is an early predictor of survival following SBRT for patients with peripheral early-stage NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Iovoli
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - K L Stephans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - J A Bogart
- SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, NY
| | - L Tian
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - G M Videtic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - A K Singh
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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Iovoli AJ, Yu H, Advani PG, Malhotra H, Fung-Kee-Fung S, Malik NK, Singh AK, Farrugia MK. Sinoatrial Node Irradiation in Patients Undergoing Definitive Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Central Lung Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e27. [PMID: 37785020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The clinical consequences of sinoatrial node (SAN) and atrioventricular node (AVN) irradiation in patients undergoing thoracic stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) remains unclear. We examined the relationship between SAN and AVN dose with survival outcomes in patients with central non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. MATERIALS/METHODS A single-institutional retrospective review of patients with primary NSCLC undergoing definitive SBRT for centrally located tumors from February 2007 to December 2021 was performed. Central tumors were defined as within 2 cm of the proximal airway, mediastinum, great vessels, or spinal cord whereas ultracentral tumors were directly abutting any of the above structures. All patients underwent five-fraction SBRT to a total dose of 50 to 60 Gy. The SAN and AVN were contoured in accordance with a published contouring atlas and the maximum dose (Dmax) and mean dose (Dmean) for each structure were calculated. Sequential log rank testing between the 50th and 90th percentiles was used to identify potential cutoff values for the corresponding dosimetric parameters and non-cancer associated survival. RESULTS Among 93 eligible patients, the median age was 72.5 years (Inter-Quartile Range [IQR], 66.6-78.3), median follow up was 32.4 months (IQR, 13.0-49.6), and 48 patients were female (52%). There were 49 ultracentral tumors (53%) and the median planning target volume (PTV) was 31.0 cc (IQR, 18.0-53.3). The median SAN Dmax and Dmean were 95 cGy (IQR, 37-1,072) and 58 cGy (IQR, 26-641), respectively. The median AVN Dmax and Dmean were 45 cGy (IQR, 19-506) and 34 cGy (IQR, 15-160), respectively. Candidate cutoff values for SAN Dmax and Dmean were 1,309 cGy and 814 cGy, respectively. No significant cutoff values were identified for either AVN parameter. Kaplan-Meier analysis for the proposed SAN Dmean constraint was significantly associated with overall (p = 0.016) and non-cancer associated survival (p = 0.028). The SAN Dmax constraint was significantly associated with only overall survival (p = 0.029). In a multivariate model, the SAN Dmean cutoff significantly correlated with both overall (Hazard Ratio [HR] 2.1 [1.13-3.78], p = 0.019) and non-cancer associated survival (HR 2.39 [1.12-5.10], p = 0.025) whereas the SAN Dmax cutoff was only significantly associated with overall survival (HR 1.95 [1.03-3.68], p = 0.041). CONCLUSION SAN Dmax and Dmean were associated with significantly worse overall survival using cut-off values of 1,309 cGy and 814 cGy, respectively. SAN dose should be considered in radiation planning and further study on the consequence of SAN irradiation during SBRT is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Iovoli
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - H Yu
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - P G Advani
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - H Malhotra
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - N K Malik
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - A K Singh
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - M K Farrugia
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
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15
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Kumbhakar P, Ambekar RS, Parui A, Roy AK, Roy D, Singh AK, Tiwary CS. Energy Harvesting Using ZnO Nanosheet-Decorated 3D-Printed Fabrics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44513-44520. [PMID: 37697828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we decorated piezoresponsive atomically thin ZnO nanosheets on a polymer surface using additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) technology to demonstrate electrical-mechanical coupling phenomena. The output voltage response of the 3D-printed architecture was regulated by varying the external mechanical pressures. Additionally, we have shown energy generation by placing the 3D-printed fabric on the padded shoulder strap of a bag with a load ranging from ∼5 to ∼75 N, taking advantage of the excellent mechanical strength and flexibility of the coated 3D-printed architecture. The ZnO coating layer forms a stable interface between ZnO nanosheets and the fabric, as confirmed by combining density functional theory (DFT) and electrical measurements. This effectively improves the output performance of the 3D-printed fabric by enhancing the charge transfer at the interface. Therefore, the present work can be used to build a new infrastructure for next-generation energy harvesters capable of carrying out several structural and functional responsibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Kumbhakar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
- Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Rushikesh S Ambekar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Arko Parui
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajit K Roy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7718, United States
| | - Debmalya Roy
- Directorate of Nanomaterials, DMSRDE, GT Road, Kanpur 208013, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandra S Tiwary
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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Garg A, Nathawat R, Singh AK, Dixit S, Acharya M. Corrective and preventive actions (CAPAs) in eye bank. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:3128-3130. [PMID: 37602597 PMCID: PMC10565914 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1994_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This case series highlights the challenges in eye banking and the importance of a quality assurance program. Three cases triggered corrective and preventive actions (CAPAs) to improve the processes. Case 1 emphasized training to prevent retrieval failures. Case 2 stressed the need for blood samples and comprehensive documentation. In Case 3, mishandling led to policy revisions and staff training. CAPA involved identifying concerns, root cause analysis, action plans, implementation, checks, and closure. Errors can occur in man, machinery, process, and policies. Continuous CAPA ensures continuous quality improvement and safe corneal tissue transplantation, benefiting patients in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Garg
- Department of Cornea and Anterior Segment, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Nathawat
- Department of Eye Bank, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Quality Control, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Dixit
- Department of Eye Bank, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Acharya
- Department of Cornea and Anterior Segment, Dr. Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Gupta S, Singh AK, Sharma B, Khan IA. Clinical Manifestations and Disability After Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Among Pediatric Patients in Eastern Uttar Pradesh: A Retrospective Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e43777. [PMID: 37731427 PMCID: PMC10507368 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in pediatric patients can lead to a range of disabilities, affecting various aspects of their daily lives. The disease is caused by a diverse group of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoans. While significant progress has been made in combating the acute phase of the disease, the lingering effects on the physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being of survivors have yet to be comprehensively explored. The present retrospective study was conducted to investigate disabilities including neurological squeals and functional impairment challenges faced by AES survivors as they navigate life with disabilities. Methods We conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis of medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with AES and evaluated their follow-up visits at regular intervals during the study period. The Liverpool scoring system and clinical examinations were utilized to assess the presence and severity of disabilities in the patients. Results A total of 134 pediatric AES patients were included in the study; among them, 56% were males, and 44% were females. The mean age of the participants was 4.8 ± 3.1 years, and the mean number of days of hospitalization was 27.8 ± 30.8. Only 9.7% of the patients were found to be Japanese encephalitis (JE)-positive, and 87.5% of the participants were found to have disabilities in some or the other domain of the Liverpool Outcome Score (LOS). There were statistically significant correlations between the age of the patients and the LOS at follow-up. Post-recovery disabilities were more severe among patients who required a prolonged duration of hospitalization. Conclusion A considerable proportion of AES survivors are left with disabilities. Causes other than Japanese encephalitis are now more frequent in AES. The need for prolonged hospitalization is related to more severe disabilities. The early identification of disabilities through the Liverpool scoring system and clinical examination can aid in implementing appropriate intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
| | | | | | - Imran Ahmed Khan
- Community and Family Medicine, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur, IND
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18
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Namgial T, Singh AK, Singh NP, Francis A, Chattopadhyay D, Voloudakis A, Chakraborty S. Correction to: Differential expression of genes during recovery of Nicotiana tabacum from tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus infection. Planta 2023; 258:51. [PMID: 37490148 PMCID: PMC10368538 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Namgial
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A K Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - N P Singh
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Francis
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece.
| | - S Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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19
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Namgial T, Singh AK, Singh NP, Francis A, Chattopadhyay D, Voloudakis A, Chakraborty S. Differential expression of genes during recovery of Nicotiana tabacum from tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus infection. Planta 2023; 258:37. [PMID: 37405593 PMCID: PMC10322791 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nicotiana tabacum exhibits recovery response towards tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus. Transcriptome analysis revealed the differential expression of defense-related genes. Genes encoding for cysteine protease inhibitor, hormonal- and stress-related to DNA repair mechanism are found to be involved in the recovery process. Elucidating the role of host factors in response to viral infection is crucial in understanding the plant host-virus interaction. Begomovirus, a genus in the family Geminiviridae, is reported throughout the globe and is known to cause serious crop diseases. Tomato leaf curl Gujarat virus (ToLCGV) infection in Nicotiana tabacum resulted in initial symptom expression followed by a quick recovery in the systemic leaves. Transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a large number of differentially expressed genes both in symptomatic as well as recovered leaves when compared to mock-inoculated plants. The virus infected N. tabacum results in alteration of various metabolic pathways, phytohormone signaling pathway, defense related protein, protease inhibitor, and DNA repair pathway. RT-qPCR results indicated that Germin-like protein subfamily T member 2 (NtGLPST), Cysteine protease inhibitor 1-like (NtCPI), Thaumatin-like protein (NtTLP), Kirola-like (NtKL), and Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF109-like (NtERTFL) were down-regulated in symptomatic leaves when compared to recovered leaves of ToLCGV-infected plants. In contrast, the Auxin-responsive protein SAUR71-like (NtARPSL) was found to be differentially down-regulated in recovered leaves when compared to symptomatic leaves and the mock-inoculated plants. Lastly, Histone 2X protein like (NtHH2L) gene was found to be down-regulated, whereas Uncharacterized (NtUNCD) was up-regulated in both symptomatic as well as recovered leaves compared to the mock-inoculated plants. Taken together, the present study suggests potential roles of the differentially expressed genes that might govern tobacco's susceptibility and/or recovery response towards ToLCGV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Namgial
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A K Singh
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - N P Singh
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Francis
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Chattopadhyay
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - A Voloudakis
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, 11855, Greece.
| | - S Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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20
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Tomar P, Rajoriya JS, Ojha BK, Singh AK, Deshpande D, Choubey P, Raje A, Mishra GK, Perumal P. Tinospora cordifolia modulates the seminal parameters, leakage of intracellular enzymes and seminal antioxidants in equilibrated and cryopreserved semen of Sahiwal bulls. Reprod Domest Anim 2023. [PMID: 37009827 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the effects of stem extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy or Guduchi) in the semen extender on seminal parameters, leakage of intracellular enzymes and antioxidants in semen of Sahiwal bull. A total of 48 ejaculates from four bulls were selected for the study. Spermatozoa of 25×106 were incubated in 100, 300 and 500 μg of stem extract of Guduchi as Gr II, III and IV, respectively and pre-freeze and post-thaw semen samples were analysed for seminal parameters (motility, viability, total sperm abnormality; TSA, plasma membrane integrity; PMI, and acrosomal integrity; AcI), intracellular enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase; AST and lactate dehydrogenase; LDH) and seminal antioxidants (superoxide dismutase; SOD and catalase) in comparison with an untreated control group (Gr I). The results revealed that stem extract treated semen had significantly (p<0.05) higher motility, viability, PMI, AcI, SOD and catalase and had significantly (p<0.05) lower TSA, AST and LDH compared to those in untreated control group at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. Semen treated with 100 μg stem extract /25×106 spermatozoa had significantly (p<0.05) higher motility, viability, PMI, AcI, SOD and catalase and had significantly (p<0.05) lower TSA, AST and LDH compared to those in control, 300, and 500 μg treated groups at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. Further, these seminal parameters and antioxidants were showing decreasing trend and TSA and leakage of intra-cellular enzymes were showing increasing trend from Gr II to Gr IV at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. Thus, 100 μg/25×106 spermatozoa were optimum or suitable dose for cryopreservation of Sahiwal bull semen. The study concluded that T. cordifolia stem extract 100 μg/25×106 spermatozoa in the semen extender can be effectively utilized to reduce the oxidative stress and improve the pre-freeze and post-thaw seminal parameters in Sahiwal bull. However, further studies on effects of different concentrations of stem extract on in-vitro or in-vivo fertility trials are to be conducted to assess the impact of the stem extract supplementation in the semen extender on field pregnancy outcome in bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tomar
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - J S Rajoriya
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - B K Ojha
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A K Singh
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - D Deshpande
- Central Semen Station, Bhadbhada, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P Choubey
- Central Semen Station, Bhadbhada, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A Raje
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - G K Mishra
- NDVSU-College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P Perumal
- ICAR-Central, Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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21
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Singh AK, Choubey A, Srivastava RK, Bahga SS. Physics of moderately stretched electrified jets in electrohydrodynamic jet printing. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:045103. [PMID: 37198839 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.045103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing involves the deposition of a liquid jet issuing from a needle stretched under the effect of a strong electric field between the needle and a collector plate. Unlike the geometrically independent classical cone-jet observed at low flow rates and high applied electric fields, at a relatively high flow rate and moderate electric field, EHD jets are moderately stretched. Jetting characteristics of such moderately stretched EHD jets differ from the typical cone-jet due to the nonlocalized cone-to-jet transition. Hence, we describe the physics of the moderately stretched EHD jet applicable to the EHD jet printing process through numerical solutions of a quasi-one-dimensional model of the EHD jet and experiments. Through comparison with experimental measurements, we show that our simulations correctly predict the jet shape for varying flow rates and applied potential difference. We present the physical mechanism of inertia-dominated slender EHD jets based on the dominant driving and resisting forces and relevant dimensionless numbers. We show that the slender EHD jet stretches and accelerates primarily due to the balance of driving tangential electric shear and resisting inertia forces in the developed jet region, whereas in the vicinity of the needle, driving charge repulsion and resisting surface tension forces govern the cone shape. The findings of this study can help in operational understanding and better control of the EHD jet printing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek K Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anupam Choubey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rajiv K Srivastava
- Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Supreet Singh Bahga
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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22
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Kumbhakar P, Parui A, Dhakar S, Paliwal M, Behera R, Gautam ARS, Roy S, Ajayan P, Sharma S, Singh AK, Tiwary CS. Spontaneous Hydrogen Production using Gadolinium Telluride. iScience 2023; 26:106510. [PMID: 37123242 PMCID: PMC10130918 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing materials for controlled hydrogen production through water splitting is one of the most promising ways to meet current energy demand. Here, we demonstrate spontaneous and green production of hydrogen at high evolution rate using gadolinium telluride (GdTe) under ambient conditions. The spent materials can be reused after melting, which regain the original activity of the pristine sample. The phase formation and reusability are supported by the thermodynamics calculations. The theoretical calculation reveals ultralow activation energy for hydrogen production using GdTe caused by charge transfer from Te to Gd. Production of highly pure and instantaneous hydrogen by GdTe could accelerate green and sustainable energy conversion technologies.
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23
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Kumar G, Singh AK, Agarwal D. Structural and functional characterization of RNA dependent RNA polymerase of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MnRdRp). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12825-12837. [PMID: 36757137 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2175384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a highly valued farmed freshwater species and its production has been affected globally by white tail disease caused by M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV). MrNV is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for genome replication. Due to its essentiality for pathogenesis, it is an important drug target. The domain prediction of the complete sequence revealed the presence of two enzymatic regions namely methyl transferase and RdRp separated by transmembrane region. The predicted three-dimensional (3D) structure of MnRdRp using AlphaFold 2 shows that the structure is composed of three major sub-domains common for other polymerases namely fingers, palm and thumb. Structural similarity search revealed its similarity with other flaviviridea members especially with BVDV RdRp (BvdvRdRp). The structure of fingers and palm sub-domains is more conserved than the thumb sub-domain. A small α-helix named 'priming helix' having conserve Tyr was identified at position 829-833 with a potential role in de novo initiation. Analysis of electrostatic potential revealed that nucleotide and template channels are electropositive. Metal binding residues were identified as Asp599, Asp704 and Asp705. The α and β phosphates of incoming nucleotide interact with two Mn2+, Arg455 and Arg537. For recognition of 2'-OH of incoming rNTP, Asp604, Ser661 and Asn670 were identified which can form H-bond network with 2'-OH group. Docking study revealed that Dasabuvir can potentially inhibit MnRdRp. The study concluded that the overall structure and function of MnRdRp are similar to Flaviviridae polymerases and their inhibitors can work against this enzyme.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- College of Fisheries Science Gunla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - A K Singh
- College of Fisheries Science Gunla, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Deepak Agarwal
- TNJFU, Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, OMR, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Sasidharan JK, Patra MK, Khan JA, Singh AK, Karikalan M, De UK, Saxena AC, Dubal ZB, Singh SK, Kumar H, Krishnaswamy N. Differential expression of inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin synthases and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in the endometrium and circulation in different graded CEH-pyometra in bitch. Theriogenology 2023; 197:139-149. [PMID: 36516536 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH)-pyometra (CEH-P) is one of the most common reproductive disorders in bitches, posing a risk to both future fertility and life. The aims of the current study were to elucidate the differential expression patterns of inflammatory mediators at transcript and protein levels in the endometrium and to assess the concentrations of key inflammatory mediators in the peripheral circulation of bitches with different graded CEH-P. A total of 25 client-owned intact mixed breed bitches of 3-10 years presented to the outpatient department of RVP-TVCC of the institute were considered for the study. Of which, 22 cases suggestive of pyometra and 3 cases of CEH obtained during routine elective ovariohysterectomy were subjected to histopathological examination. Uteri were categorized into CEH (n = 3), moderate CEH-P (mCEH-P, n = 9), severe CEH-P (sCEH-P, n = 6) and atrophic pyometra (AT-P, n = 7). A group of age matched (n = 12) bitches without pyometra served as control. Endometrial transcripts such as IL6, IL8, PTGS2, PGFS, and SLPI were expressed differentially in the CEH and CEH-P bitch. In addition, a strong immunoreactivity (IR) of IL6, IL8, PTGS2, and mPGES1 was recorded in the sCEH-P uterus, while expression of IL10 was noticed in AT-P. In circulation, serum IL6 was the most relevant marker with high sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 84.6% at a cut off concentration 8.5 pg/mL followed by SLPI with 95.2% sensitivity, and 84.6% specificity at cut off concentration of 1.3 ng/mL. Serum IL10, PGFM and SLPI concentration in the peripheral circulation were 1.5-2.23 fold higher in mCEH-P, 0.87-2.5 fold higher in sCEH-P and 2.9-3.5 fold higher in AT-P than that of control. It is concluded that monitoring the serum concentration of IL6, IL10 and SLPI would be useful adjunct to the established hematobiochemical parameters in the management of pyometra in the bitch with critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Sasidharan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - M K Patra
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India.
| | - J A Khan
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - U K De
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India; Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - A C Saxena
- Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - S K Singh
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - H Kumar
- Animal Reproduction Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560 024, India
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25
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Lokwani P, Gupta N, Choudhary SK, Singh AK. Noise survey of neonatal intensive care unit at a government tertiary-care centre. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:619-625. [PMID: 38043020 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With technological advancement, Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) have become noisier than ever. Studies have shown the detrimental effects of increasing noise in NICU on growing pre-term and sick neonates. The present study aimed to survey the amount of noise in one of the NICU blocks of a government tertiary care centre and explore ways to control it when dealing with these sick babies. METHODS A detailed noise survey was carried out, for February 2023, in one of the two blocks of NICU in a government tertiary-care centre. The noise measurements were performed using two "Sound Ear 3" noise meters. The analyses were done in Leq (equivalent continuous sound levels) A-weighted decibels (dBA). RESULTS The extracted data analysis revealed that the NICU block was exposed to a mean Leq of 67.78 dBA noise with a maximum of 89.0 dBA. There was a significant difference between the values noted in devices at different locations and across different periods. There were certain instances (57 and 42 for two devices) when there were sudden spikes in the noise levels beyond 80 dBA. It was also seen that noise was more than 65 dBA most of the time (72% and 66% for the two devices). CONCLUSION The noise survey carried out over one month revealed a considerable amount of noise in the NICU of a government tertiary-care centre. The study also explored ways such as environmental modification, human behavior modification, awareness programs, and neonatal-centered modifications to reduce the noise and lower its detrimental effects on the growth of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lokwani
- Audiologist, Model Early Intervention Centre, Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - N Gupta
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - S K Choudhary
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
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26
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Sharma M, Marodia Y, Singh AK, Kurdia K, Gupta K, Sandhu MS. Gastrointestinal: An unusual cause of biliary obstruction in a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:8. [PMID: 35643980 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Y Marodia
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Kurdia
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Gupta
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - M S Sandhu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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27
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Halli HM, Govindasamy P, Choudhary M, Srinivasan R, Prasad M, Wasnik VK, Yadav VK, Singh AK, Kumar S, Vijay D, Pathak H. Range grasses to improve soil properties, carbon sustainability, and fodder security in degraded lands of semi-arid regions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158211. [PMID: 36029814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tropical grasses are the primary source of forage for livestock and a valuable resource for improving soil health and environmental sustainability in semi-arid regions. A study was carried out in a semi-arid region of central India to determine the short-term (6-year) impact of nine range grasses on soil physio-chemical and biological properties, carbon stock, and forage security. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. Results show that the majority of the grass roots were distributed in the upper soil layer (0-10 cm, 63.5-76.5 %), and then in the middle (10-20 cm, 21.3-25 %) and lower (20-30 cm, 2.2-11.5 %) layers. Perennial tussock grass (Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult) had a higher root volume (2219 mm3), followed by Guinea grass [Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs] (1860 mm3). A lower soil bulk density (BD, 1.11-1.23 g cm-3), higher gravimetric water content (GMW, 14.0-17.8 %), and soil organic carbon (0.38-0.73 %) were recorded for grass-cultivated plots compared to the barren land (1.38 g cm-3, 13.0 %, and 0.28 %, respectively). The perennial tussock grass and Guinea grass resulted in the highest soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC, 70.1 mg kg-1 soil) and enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, 17.09 μg TPF g-1 day-1 and fluorescein diacetate activity 4.94 μg fluorescein g-1 h-1). The considerable improvement in soil properties with minimal inputs resulted in a higher sustainable yield index and carbon sustainability index in plots planted with Guinea grass (0.9 and 89.29) and perennial tussock grass (0.89 and 71.61). Therefore, the cultivation of either Guinea grass or perennial tussock grass as an intercrop or sole crop in the semi-arid environment can be an ecologically sound strategy to improve soil health, C sequestration, and fodder supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanamant M Halli
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India; School of Soil Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Pune 413 115, India
| | - Prabhu Govindasamy
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India; Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - R Srinivasan
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - Mahendra Prasad
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - V K Wasnik
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - V K Yadav
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi 284 003, India
| | - D Vijay
- Division of Seed Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Himanshu Pathak
- School of Soil Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Pune 413 115, India
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28
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Ajay A, Craufurd P, Kumar V, Samaddar A, Malik RK, Sharma S, Ranjan H, Singh AK, Paudel G, Pundir AK, Poonia S, Kumar A, Kumar P, Singh DK, Singh M, Iftikar W, Ignatius M, Banik N, Mohapatra B, Sagwal P, Yadav AK, Munshi S, Panneerselvam P, McDonald A. Large survey dataset of rice production practices applied by farmers on their largest farm plot during 2018 in India. Data Brief 2022; 45:108625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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29
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Singh P, Anam, Chaurasia S, Kumar D, Singh AK, Singh P. Sugarcane Blanching at Specific Temperature and Time Combination Preserves Juice Physio‐biochemical, Microbial and Sensory Attributes. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.16205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Singh
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
| | - Anam
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
| | | | - Dilip Kumar
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
| | - AK Singh
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
| | - Pushpa Singh
- ICAR‐ Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow 226002
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Pathak R, Dutta P, Srivastava A, Rawat D, Gopal RK, Singh AK, Soni A, Biswas K. Strong Anharmonicity‐Induced Low Thermal Conductivity and High n‐type Mobility in the Topological Insulator Bi
1.1
Sb
0.9
Te
2
S. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210783. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riddhimoy Pathak
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Prabir Dutta
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Ashutosh Srivastava
- Materials Research Centre Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Divya Rawat
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005 India
| | - Radha Krishna Gopal
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560064 India
| | - Abhishek K. Singh
- Materials Research Centre Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Ajay Soni
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005 India
| | - Kanishka Biswas
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560064 India
- School of Advanced Materials and International Centre of Materials Science Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O. Bangalore 560064 India
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Singh AK, Acharya A, Carroll K, Lopes RD, McCausland FR, Mulloy L, Perkovic V, Solomon S, Waikar SS, Wanner C, Wong MG, Cobitz AR, Mallett SA, Shaddinger BC, McMurray JJV. Causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease: insights from the ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND cardiovascular outcomes trials. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are limited contemporary data available regarding adjudicated causes of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Prior studies have indicated that cardiovascular (CV) events are one of the most common causes of death among patients with CKD, with previous reports stating approximately 30% of patients died from CV causes [1]. Here, we report the adjudicated causes of death in two recently completed large-scale randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with ∼14,200 person years of follow-up: ASCEND-D [2] (median follow-up: 2.5 years; NCT02879305) and ASCEND-ND [3] (median follow-up: 1.9 years; NCT02876835). These trials investigated the safety and efficacy of daprodustat, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI), in correcting anaemia in patients with CKD.
Purpose
This study assessed the causes of death in patients with CKD in the ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND trials.
Methods
ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND were global, randomised, open-label, CV outcome trials in adult patients with CKD-related anaemia undergoing maintenance dialysis (ASCEND-D) or with pre-dialysis CKD (ASCEND-ND) who received daily oral daprodustat or conventional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). Cause of death was systematically and centrally adjudicated in a blinded fashion to the study treatment assignment by an independent committee.
Results
In ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND, respectively, 2964 and 3872 patients were randomised, of which 92% and 97% completed the study. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced across treatment groups within each trial. Adjudicated causes of death for the ASCEND-D and -ND trials are shown in the Table. All-cause mortality was similar in patients treated with daprodustat as compared with those treated with conventional ESA in both the ASCEND-D and -ND trials. Overall mortality in the ASCEND-D and -ND trials was 20.0% and 15.5%, respectively, and CV causes accounted for approximately 30–40% of all deaths and infection accounted for 25–30% of all deaths in both trials.
Conclusion
Although CV events were the most common cause of death in the ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND trials (30–40% of cases), the risk of death due to infection was also high, accounting for approximately 25–30% of all deaths across all study arms. Sudden death accounted for most CV deaths, particularly in the ASCEND-D trial. Infection as a cause of death was more frequent than previously reported in other RCTs or disease registries. Causes of death did not differ significantly between ASCEND-D and ASCEND-ND, or between treatments. However, as this is a selected population for a CV trial, it may not be representative of a real-life CKD population. Our results provide important data to inform the design of future studies in this population.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): This study was funded by GlaxoSmithKline. Medical writing support was provided Natasha Tracey, PhD (Ashfield MedComms, Macclesfield, UK) and was funded by GlaxoSmithKline.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - A Acharya
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York , United States of America
| | - K Carroll
- KJC Statistics , Macclesfield , United Kingdom
| | - R D Lopes
- Duke Clinical Research Institute , Durham , United States of America
| | - F R McCausland
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - L Mulloy
- Medical College of Georgia , Augusta , United States of America
| | - V Perkovic
- University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - S Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , United States of America
| | - S S Waikar
- Boston Medical Center , Boston , United States of America
| | - C Wanner
- University Hospital Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - M G Wong
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia and University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
| | - A R Cobitz
- GlaxoSmithKline plc. , Collegeville , United States of America
| | - S A Mallett
- GlaxoSmithKline plc. , London , United Kingdom
| | - B C Shaddinger
- GlaxoSmithKline plc. , Collegeville , United States of America
| | - J J V McMurray
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre , Glasgow , United Kingdom
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Karmacharya RM, Singh AK, Vaidya S, Tuladhar SM, Devbhandari M, Lama B, Kharel BB, Basnet S. Analysis of Lung Cancer Cases Presenting in Outpatient Department of University Hospital of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:452-455. [PMID: 37795723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer related death. Most common histopathology of lung cancer is non-small cell carcinoma of which adenocarcinoma is the most common. There are limited number of studies done in Nepal to know different aspects of lung cancer. Objective To know demographic parameters of patients diagnosed as lung cancer in a university hospital. The study also aims to know the different histopathological diagnosis of lung cancer. Method All the patients presenting to outpatient department (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular unit) of Dhulikhel Hospital, if are diagnosed as cancer of lung/bronchus will be included in the study. The duration of the study was January 2017 to December 2021. The details on age, gender, presenting symptoms, histopathology of lung cancer, operability will be included in database and will be analyzed. Result There were total of 127 patients diagnosed as lung cancer. Male:female ratio was 1.7:1. Overall mean age was 63.23 years (SD 13.5 years, Range 19-89 years). Non small cell carcinoma was the most common type of lung cancer with 83.7%. In non small cell carcinoma, most common type was Squamous cell carcinoma followed by undifferentiated and Adenocarcinoma. Only five (3.93%) cases were in operable stage. Conclusion Despite the fact that lung cancer is one of the most common cancer, patients usually present late and moslty are not in operable stage. This study shows that squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histopathology in lung cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Karmacharya
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Vaidya
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S M Tuladhar
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - M Devbhandari
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B Lama
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - B B Kharel
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Basnet
- Department of Surgery (Cardio Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Pathak R, Dutta P, Srivastava A, Rawat D, Gopal RK, Singh AK, Soni A, Biswas K. Strong Anharmonicity‐Induced Low Thermal conductivity and High n‐type Mobility in Topological Insulator Bi1.1Sb0.9Te2S. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riddhimoy Pathak
- JNCASR: Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research NCU INDIA
| | - Prabir Dutta
- JNCASR: Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research NCU INDIA
| | | | - Divya Rawat
- IIT Mandi: Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Physics INDIA
| | | | | | - Ajay Soni
- IIT Mandi: Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Physics INDIA
| | - Kanishka Biswas
- JNCASR: Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research New Chemistry Unit Jakkur Bangalore INDIA
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Malik A, Kumar A, Ellur RK, Krishnan S G, Dixit D, Bollinedi H, Vinod KK, Nagarajan M, Bhowmick PK, Singh NK, Singh AK. Molecular mapping of QTLs for grain dimension traits in Basmati rice. Front Genet 2022; 13:932166. [PMID: 35983411 PMCID: PMC9379801 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.932166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basmati rice is known for its extra-long slender grains, exceptional kernel dimensions after cooking, high volume expansion, and strong aroma. Developing high yielding Basmati rice varieties with good cooking quality is a gigantic task. Therefore, identifying the genomic regions governing the grain and cooked kernel dimension traits is of utmost importance for its use in marker-assisted breeding. Although several QTLs governing grain dimension traits have been reported, limited attempts have been made to map QTLs for grain and cooked kernel dimension traits of Basmati rice. In the current study, a population of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) was generated from a cross of Sonasal and Pusa Basmati 1121 (PB1121). In the RIL population, there was a significant positive correlation among the length (RRL: rough rice length, MRL: milled rice length, CKL: cooked kernel length) and breadth (RRB: rough rice breadth, MRB: milled rice breadth and CKB: cooked kernel breadth) of the related traits, while there was significant negative correlation between them. QTL mapping has led to the identification of four major genomic regions governing MRL and CKL. Two QTLs co-localize with the earlier reported major gene GS3 and a QTL qGRL7.1, while the remaining two QTLs viz., qCKL3.2 (qMRL3.2) and qCKL4.1 (qMRL4.1) were novel. The QTL qCKL3.2 has been bracketed to a genomic region of 0.78 Mb between the markers RM15247 and RM15281. Annotation of this region identified 18 gene models, of which the genes predicted to encode pentatricopeptides and brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 precursor may be the putative candidate genes. Furthermore, we identified a novel QTL qKER2.1 governing kernel elongation ratio (KER) in Basmati rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Malik
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Aruna Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Gopala Krishnan S
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Deepshikha Dixit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - KK Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - M Nagarajan
- Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, ICAR-IARI, Aduthurai, India
| | - PK Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - NK Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, IARI, New Delhi, India
| | - AK Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: AK Singh,
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Singh AK, Karmacharya RM, Vaidya S, Shrestha I, Siwakoti S. The Cut-off Value of Great Saphenous Vein Diameter at the Level of Femoral Condyle to Predict the Sapheno-Femoral Junction Incompetence. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:280-283. [PMID: 37042366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Varicose vein is one of the commonest problems that patients visit to a vascular out patient services (OPD). It causes a great deal of morbidity in today's population. Objective To see the correlation between the size of great saphenous and Saphenofemoral junction incompetence. Method From January 2019 till January 2020, 396 patients with symptomatic or clinically diagnosed varicose veins were screened for Saphenofemoral junction reflux. The diameter of the saphenous vein was measured with B-mode imaging, and reflux was quantified based on valve closure time using Doppler spectral measurements. Best saphenous vein diameter cutoff for predicting reflux was determined using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Result Out of 792 limbs, the Great Saphenous Venous System was involved in 452 limbs, the Short Saphenous Venous System was involved in 151 limbs and significant perforators were present in 240 limbs. Mean great Saphenous Vein diameter of diseased limb (Reflux Positive) was 5.68 mm and 4.0 mm in control group (Reflux Negative). Mean Saphenofemoral junction diameter was 8.23 mm in diseased limbs and 6.16 mm in control limbs. Receiver operating characteristics curve showed great saphenous vein diameter at femoral condyle of 4.5 mm as best cut-off value for diagnosis of sapheno femoral junction reflux. Conclusion Great Saphenous Vein diameter at femoral condyle of 4.5 mm is the best cut-off value for diagnosis Saphenofemoral junction reflux. The Sensitivity and specificity of this cut off value is 81.8% and 71% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Singh
- National Consultant, WHO, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R M Karmacharya
- Department of Department of General Surgery (CTVS Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Vaidya
- Department of Department of General Surgery (CTVS Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - I Shrestha
- Department of Department of General Surgery (CTVS Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Siwakoti
- Department of Department of General Surgery (CTVS Unit), Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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McDonald AJ, Keil A, Srivastava A, Craufurd P, Kishore A, Kumar V, Paudel G, Singh S, Singh AK, Sohane RK, Malik RK. Time management governs climate resilience and productivity in the coupled rice-wheat cropping systems of eastern India. Nat Food 2022; 3:542-551. [PMID: 37117949 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
India will need to produce 30% more wheat by 2050, and these gains must principally come from intensification in eastern India where low productivity is common. Through a dense network of on-farm surveys for the rice-wheat system in this region, we show that contemporary wheat sowing dates have a central influence on achieved and attainable yields, superseding all other crop management, soil and varietal factors. We estimate that untapped wheat production potential will increase by 69% with achievable adjustments to wheat sowing dates without incurring undesirable trade-offs with rice productivity, irrigation requirements or profitability. Our findings also indicate that transformative gains in wheat yields are only possible in eastern India if rice and wheat are managed as a coupled system. Steps taken to 'keep time' through better management of the annual cropping calendar will pay dividends for food security, profitability and climate resilience now and as a foundation for adaptation to progressive climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J McDonald
- Soil and Crops Sciences-School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Amit Srivastava
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - Peter Craufurd
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Regional Office, Lalitpur District, Nepal
| | - Avinash Kishore
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), New Delhi, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Gokul Paudel
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Regional Office, Lalitpur District, Nepal
| | - Sudhanshu Singh
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-South Asia Regional Centre (ISARC), Varanasi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | - R K Sohane
- Bihar Agricultural University (BAU), Sabour, India
| | - R K Malik
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), National Agricultural Science Complex (NASC), New Delhi, India
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Doan LC, Dahanayake JN, Mitchell-Koch KR, Singh AK, Vinh NQ. Probing Adaptation of Hydration and Protein Dynamics to Temperature. ACS Omega 2022; 7:22020-22031. [PMID: 35785325 PMCID: PMC9245114 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein dynamics is strongly influenced by the surrounding environment and physiological conditions. Here we employ broadband megahertz-to-terahertz spectroscopy to explore the dynamics of water and myoglobin protein on an extended time scale from femto- to nanosecond. The dielectric spectra reveal several relaxations corresponding to the orientational polarization mechanism, including the dynamics of loosely bound, tightly bound, and bulk water, as well as collective vibrational modes of protein in an aqueous environment. The dynamics of loosely bound and bulk water follow non-Arrhenius behavior; however, the dynamics of water molecules in the tightly bound layer obeys the Arrhenius-type relation. Combining molecular simulations and effective-medium approximation, we have determined the number of water molecules in the tightly bound hydration layer and studied the dynamics of protein as a function of temperature. The results provide the important impact of water on the biochemical functions of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan C. Doan
- Department
of Physics and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jayangika N. Dahanayake
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11600, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Abhishek K. Singh
- Department
of Physics and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Nguyen Q. Vinh
- Department
of Physics and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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38
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Ravikiran KT, Gopala Krishnan S, Abhijith KP, Bollinedi H, Nagarajan M, Vinod KK, Bhowmick PK, Pal M, Ellur RK, Singh AK. Genome-Wide Association Mapping Reveals Novel Putative Gene Candidates Governing Reproductive Stage Heat Stress Tolerance in Rice. Front Genet 2022; 13:876522. [PMID: 35734422 PMCID: PMC9208292 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.876522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature rise predicted for the future will severely affect rice productivity because the crop is highly sensitive to heat stress at the reproductive stage. Breeding tolerant varieties is an economically viable option to combat heat stress, for which the knowledge of target genomic regions associated with the reproductive stage heat stress tolerance (RSHT) is essential. A set of 192 rice genotypes of diverse origins were evaluated under natural field conditions through staggered sowings for RSHT using two surrogate traits, spikelet fertility and grain yield, which showed significant reduction under heat stress. These genotypes were genotyped using a 50 k SNP array, and the association analysis identified 10 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for grain yield, of which one QTN (qHTGY8.1) was consistent across the different models used. Only two out of 10 MTAs coincided with the previously reported QTLs, making the remaing eight novel. A total of 22 QTNs were observed for spikelet fertility, among which qHTSF5.1 was consistently found across three models. Of the QTNs identified, seven coincided with previous reports, while the remaining QTNs were new. The genes near the QTNs were found associated with the protein–protein interaction, protein ubiquitination, stress signal transduction, and so forth, qualifying them to be putative for RSHT. An in silico expression analysis revealed the predominant expression of genes identified for spikelet fertility in reproductive organs. Further validation of the biological relevance of QTNs in conferring heat stress tolerance will enable their utilization in improving the reproductive stage heat stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Ravikiran
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K P Abhijith
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - H Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - M Nagarajan
- Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, ICAR-IARI, Aduthurai, India
| | - K K Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - R K Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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VK A, Vairat AD, Minz PS, Singh AK, Chitranayak M, Juneja AK, Jayswal D. Whey removal characteristics during conventional production of chhana. Indian J Dairy Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2022.v75i03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Whey removal phenomena generally studied in terms of whey removal rate, chhana weight and moisture content during chhana production process. Despite all these above factors, moisture content concerned to be the important one to maintain its soft texture and suitability for manufacturing of diversified products. The present study was undertaken to identify best model to express whey draining process so as to predict the relevant characteristics such as moisture ratio, moisture content and moisture removal rate. Whey removal rate was pursued for different cow milk quantities (5, 10, 15 and 20 kg) using delayed straining technique for gravimetric removal of whey from the chhana mass. Among the mathematical models, Logarithmic model was found best in describing the whey draining characteristics and predicting the moisture ratio of chhana. Whey removal characteristics provides important insights for the development of equipments for chhana production, downstream processing equipments for whey and online sensors for monitoring the process that regulates the moisture content and final quality of chhana and chhana based products. The novelty of the work lied on the incorporation of mathematical modeling to the chhana production process.
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Jena B, Bajish CC, Turner J, Ravichandran M, Kshitija S, Anilkumar N, Singh AK, Pradhan PK, Ray Y, Saini S. Mechanisms associated with the rapid decline in sea ice cover around a stranded ship in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153379. [PMID: 35085627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the satellite data era starting from 1979, the extent of Antarctic sea ice increased moderately for the first 37 years. However, the extent decreased to record low levels from 2016 to 2020, with the drop being greatest in the Weddell and Lazarev Seas of the Southern Ocean. An important question for the scientific fraternity and policymakers is to understand what ocean-atmospheric processes triggered such a rapid decline in sea ice. We employ in-situ, satellite, and atmospheric reanalysis data to examine the causative mechanism of anomalous sea ice variability in the Lazarev Sea at a time of ice growth in the annual cycle (March-April 2019), when a cargo ship was stuck in extensive ice cover and freed following the unusual decline in sea ice. High-resolution Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar captured a distinct view of the ship location and track within extensive ice cover of fast sea ice, dense pack ice, and icebergs in the Lazarev Sea on 27 March 2019. Subsequently, the sea ice cover declined and reached the fourth lowest extent in the entire satellite record during April 2019 which was 25.6% lower than the long-term mean value of 2.65 × 106 km2. We show that the anomalous sea ice variability was due to the occurrence of eastward-moving polar cyclones, including a quasi-stationary explosive development that impacted sea ice through extreme changes in ocean-atmospheric conditions. The cyclone-induced dynamic (poleward propagation of ocean waves and ice motion) and thermodynamic (heat and moisture plumes from midlatitudes, ocean mixed layer warming) processes coupled with high tides provided a conducive environment for an exceptional decline in sea ice over the region of ship movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jena
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India.
| | - C C Bajish
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - J Turner
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Ravichandran
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - S Kshitija
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - N Anilkumar
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - A K Singh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - P K Pradhan
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Y Ray
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
| | - S Saini
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Vasco-da-Gama, India
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Huang Y, Zhou JH, Zhang H, Canfran-Duque A, Singh AK, Perry RJ, Shulman GI, Fernandez-Hernando C, Min W. Brown adipose TRX2 deficiency activates mtDNA-NLRP3 to impair thermogenesis and protect against diet-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:148852. [PMID: 35202005 PMCID: PMC9057632 DOI: 10.1172/jci148852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a crucial heat-generating organ, regulates whole-body energy metabolism by mediating thermogenesis. BAT inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired thermogenesis. However, the link between BAT inflammation and systematic metabolism remains unclear. Herein, we use mice with BAT deficiency of thioredoxin-2 (TRX2), a protein that scavenges mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), to evaluate the impact of BAT inflammation on metabolism and thermogenesis and its underlying mechanism. Our results show that BAT-specific TRX2 ablation improves systematic metabolic performance via enhancing lipid uptake, which protects mice from diet-induced obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and insulin resistance. TRX2 deficiency impairs adaptive thermogenesis by suppressing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, loss of TRX2 induces excessive mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial integrity disruption, and cytosolic release of mitochondrial DNA, which in turn activate aberrant innate immune responses in BAT, including the cGAS/STING and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. We identify NLRP3 as a key converging point, as its inhibition reverses both the thermogenesis defect and the metabolic benefits seen under nutrient overload in BAT-specific Trx2-deficient mice. In conclusion, we identify TRX2 as a critical hub integrating oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in BAT, uncovering an adaptive mechanism underlying the link between BAT inflammation and systematic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrui Huang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Jenny H Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
| | - Alberto Canfran-Duque
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Hernando
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology.,Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Comparative Medicine, and
| | - Wang Min
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Department of Pathology
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Dubey S, John D, Arora AK, Mathur U, Singh AK. Perception of Employees Regarding the Quality Management System Implemented at a Tertiary Care Eye Hospital in North India: A Mixed-Methods Study. Journal of Health Management 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634221087788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Quality management in healthcare is critical for hospitals and everyone in the loop —from physicians to support staff—needs to be aware of and involved in this process. Objectives: To assess the perception of employees about the quality management system (QMS) implemented at a tertiary care eye hospital in north India and to use it to identify scope for further improvement. Methods: This cross-sectional mixed-method study involved both questionnaire-based survey and an in-depth interview by a third party. The questionnaire had 12 questions to assess the changes in culture, infrastructure, environment, system, operation theatre and outpatient department. Employees shared their opinion about improvements brought by the QMS in eight years. Respondents were divided into five groups based on their job description: (i) doctors, (ii) technical staff (nursing/operation theatre/laboratory), (iii) optometrists/opticians/audiologists, (iv) patient care executives and (v) human resources/administration/others. Results: Of the 73 employees interviewed, 94.5% perceived an improved treatment and care process and 91.8% perceived improved treatment results. According to 83.6% of the employees, they were encouraged to report patient safety concerns and 71.2% saw improved incidence and adverse event management. The QMS has increased patient satisfaction according to 83%, while 91.8% felt it improved the profile of the hospital. The employees stated no negative effects of the QMS except a long waiting time of the patients and the duplication of paperwork. Conclusion: QMS has brought many positive changes across the hospital. Still, there is scope to reduce the patient waiting time and paperwork duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dubey
- Glaucoma Services, Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
| | - D. John
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru
| | - A K Arora
- Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
| | | | - A K Singh
- Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi
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Bishokarma S, Thapa U, Thapa M, Singh AK, Gurung S, Aryal B, Maharjan AM, Lakshmipathy G. Dysnatremia in Traumatic Brain Injury and its Association with Outcome. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:155-160. [PMID: 37017158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury on its own results in significant mortality and morbidity but it also contributes to complications that manifest as dysnatremia in the majority of cases. Objective The objective of this study is to assess the association of hyponatremia and hypernatremia with the severity of traumatic brain injury and its impact on mortality. Method This is a retrospective, descriptive, and analytic study conducted during a 1-year period from March 2018 to March 2019. The study population was selected from the patients presenting to the emergency department with TBI in the Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal. All the patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria of age were enrolled in the study. Patients with known renal disease due to the higher incidence of electrolyte disbalance were excluded. Association of outcome with hyponatremia and hypernatremia were sought using chi-square, fisher exact test and independent t test using SPSS ver 20. Result Over a period of 1 year, 367 patients with traumatic brain injuries were treated in our hospital. Hyponatremia was seen among 55 patients (14.9%) and hypernatremia was seen among 22 patients (5.99%). The age range of patients included in the study was 16 to 87 with a mean age of 37.96 ± 16.512 years. The male to female ratio was calculated as 3.2:1. Mild, moderate, and severe head injuries were 286 (77.9%), 37 (10.1%), and 44 (12%) respectively. Surgical intervention was performed among 77(21%) individuals. Our series showed an association between the severity of traumatic brain injury and hyponatremia however didn't show an association between the severity of traumatic brain injury and the development of hypernatremia. Conclusion We concluded that the severity of head injury is associated with severity of hyponatremia but not with severity of hypernatremia. Similarly, a strong association existed between the severity of hypernatremia and outcome of patients. However, such association was not seen with hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bishokarma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - U Thapa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - M Thapa
- Department of Neurology, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Gurung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Aryal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Ms Maharjan
- Department of Neurology, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - G Lakshmipathy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Science, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is a major contributor to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Importantly, IR and T2D substantially increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Although there are successful approaches to maintain glycemic control, there continue to be increased CV morbidity and mortality associated with metabolic disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the cellular and molecular processes that underlie cardiometabolic changes that occur during obesity so that optimal medical therapies can be designed to attenuate or prevent the sequelae of this disease. The vascular endothelium is in constant contact with the circulating milieu; thus, it is not surprising that obesity-driven elevations in lipids, glucose, and proinflammatory mediators induce endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and vascular remodeling in all segments of the vasculature. As cardiometabolic disease progresses, so do pathological changes in the entire vascular network, which can feed forward to exacerbate disease progression. Recent cellular and molecular data have implicated the vasculature as an initiating and instigating factor in the development of several cardiometabolic diseases. This Review discusses these findings in the context of atherosclerosis, IR and T2D, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. In addition, novel strategies to therapeutically target the vasculature to lessen cardiometabolic disease burden are introduced.
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Agarwal S, Singh AK. Electroreduction of CO 2 with Tunable Selectivity on Au-Pd Bimetallic Catalyst: A First Principle Study. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:11313-11321. [PMID: 35199984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electroreduction of CO2 exhibits great promise in mitigating CO2 from the atmosphere. However, it is quite challenging to produce C1 products selectively on metal surfaces due to inefficient binding of CO with a metal surface. Here, using density functional theory, we studied an experimentally viable system of gold alloyed with a high CO-binding metal palladium. It is observed that the selectivity toward formic acid and methane can be tuned on Au-Pd bimetallic catalysts. Pd-rich alloy surfaces such as Pd deposited on the (211) surface of Au (Pd@Au) are found to be highly selective toward formic acid with an ultralow limiting potential of -0.23 V vs SHE. Interestingly, as the surface of the alloy become Au-rich, the selectivity toward methane increases. Among all the Au-Pd bimetallic systems, the Au-rich (211) surface of Au3Pd alloy has a very low limiting potential of -0.9 V vs SHE for CO2 electroreduction to methane. The selectivity toward methane on this surface is enhanced due to its optimum CO* binding and the ease of CO* protonation to CHO*. The higher feasibility of CO* protonation is a result of the stabilization of adsorbed CHO*. This stabilization is attributed to the interaction of both C and O of the CHO* molecule with the surface Au and Pd. It is found that the selectivity of a catalyst depends upon the stability of various intermediates, which can be regulated by modifying the composition of Au and Pd in the alloy. The results presented here demonstrate broad opportunities to tune the selectivity of the catalyst with varying alloy compositions, which will help to develop novel catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Agarwal
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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Rashmi, Hasheminejad H, Herziger S, Mirzaalipour A, Singh AK, Netz RR, Böttcher C, Makki H, Sharma SK, Haag R. Supramolecular Engineering of Alkylated, Fluorinated, and Mixed Amphiphiles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100914. [PMID: 35239224 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The rational design of perfluorinated amphiphiles to control the supramolecular aggregation in aqueous medium is still a key challenge for the engineering of supramolecular architectures. Here we present the synthesis and physical properties of six novel non-ionic amphiphiles. We also studied the effect of mixed alkylated and perfluorinated segments in a single amphiphile and compared it with only alkylated and perfluorinated units. To explore their morphological behavior in aqueous medium, we used dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo-TEM/EM measurements. We further confirmed their assembly mechanisms with theoretical investigations, using the Martini model to perform large-scale coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. These novel synthesized amphiphiles offer a greater and more systematic understanding of how perfluorinated systems assemble in aqueous medium and suggest new directions for rational designing of new amphiphilic systems and interpreting their assembly process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Hooman Hasheminejad
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Svenja Herziger
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Alireza Mirzaalipour
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Roland R Netz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Forschungszentrum für Elektronenmikroskopie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Hesam Makki
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
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Dubey CS, Usham AL, Mishra BK, Shukla DP, Singh PK, Singh AK. Anthropogenic arsenic menace in contaminated water near thermal power plants and coal mining areas of India. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:1099-1127. [PMID: 34173907 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining and coal combustion in thermal power plants (TPPs) are the major anthropogenic sources of arsenic (As) contamination in many different industrial regions. In this study of industrial regions of West Bengal and Singrauli, it is observed that there is an anthropogenic contribution to the contamination from As-bearing coal. Up to 14.53 mg/kg of As is obtained in coal of West Bengal which also has very high average Fe concentration (16,095 mg/kg) along with high concentration of Cu, Mn and Hg. Similar observations are also found in Singrauli Industrial Region where 3.14 mg/kg of As with very high concentration of Fe 43,867 mg/kg along with high Cu, Mn and Hg concentration is found in coal samples. This low-grade bituminous coal contains arsenopyrite as observed by SEM-EDX. Arsenopyrite is converted to arsenolite upon combustion in these TPPs as observed in XRD. The fly ash has average As concentration of 1.53 mg/kg for West Bengal and 2.38 mg/kg for Singrauli Industrial Region and high concentration of toxic elements. The soil near these TPPs and mining areas is enriched in As, Fe, Hg, Cu and Mn. Not only As but high concentrations of Fe, Hg, Mn are also observed from analysis of water which relates to the anthropogenic inputs. The dissolution of arsenolite in reducing environments caused by periodic flooding releases As into water. Hence, the As contamination in the study area also has anthropogenic origin from coal consumption in TPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Dubey
- Faculty of Science, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, 754006, India
| | - A L Usham
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India.
| | - B K Mishra
- Department of Mining, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, 485001, India
| | - D P Shukla
- School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, HP, 175001, India
| | - P K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
| | - A K Singh
- CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826015, India
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Reid KM, Singh AK, Bikash CR, Wei J, Tal-Gan Y, Vinh NQ, Leitner DM. The origin and impact of bound water around intrinsically disordered proteins. Biophys J 2022; 121:540-551. [PMID: 35074392 PMCID: PMC8874019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins and water couple dynamically over a wide range of time scales. Motivated by their central role in protein function, protein-water dynamics and thermodynamics have been extensively studied for structured proteins, where correspondence to structural features has been made. However, properties controlling intrinsically disordered protein (IDP)-water dynamics are not yet known. We report results of megahertz-to-terahertz dielectric spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations of a group of IDPs with varying charge content along with structured proteins of similar size. Hydration water around IDPs is found to exhibit more heterogeneous rotational and translational dynamics compared with water around structured proteins of similar size, yielding on average more restricted dynamics around individual residues of IDPs, charged or neutral, compared with structured proteins. The on-average slower water dynamics is found to arise from excess tightly bound water in the first hydration layer, which is related to greater exposure to charged groups. The more tightly bound water to IDPs correlates with the smaller hydration shell found experimentally, and affects entropy associated with protein-water interactions, the contribution of which we estimate based on the dielectric measurements and simulations. Water-IDP dynamic coupling at terahertz frequencies is characterized by the dielectric measurements and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korey M. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Abhishek K. Singh
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | | | - Jessica Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yftah Tal-Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Nguyen Q. Vinh
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia,Corresponding author
| | - David M. Leitner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada,Corresponding author
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Yadav S, Teng PY, Singh AK, Choi J, Kim WK. Influence of Brassica spp. rapeseed and canola meal, and supplementation of bioactive compound (AITC) on growth performance, intestinal-permeability, oocyst shedding, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression of broilers challenged with E. maxima. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101583. [PMID: 34915210 PMCID: PMC8683514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding Brassica spp. including full-fat rapeseed, canola meal, and allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) to broiler chicken challenged with E. maxima. A total of 576 one-day old male broiler chicks were completely randomized to 8 treatments with 6 replicated cages and 12 birds per cage. The treatment diets consisted of nonchallenge control (NC, corn-SBM based diet), challenge control (CC), 10% rapeseed (10RS), 30% rapeseed (30RS), 20% canola (20CLM), 40% canola (40CLM), 500 ppm AITC (500AITC), and 1,000 ppm AITC (1000AITC). At d 14, all birds were challenged, except NC group, with a subclinical dose of E. maxima. Intestinal permeability was conducted on 5 d post-infection (dpi) and for oocyst shedding 5 to 6 dpi feces were pooled and collected. On 6 dpi, growth performance, lesion score, histomorphology, and gene expression were measured. The growth performance result showed that 10RS and 30RS groups had lower BW, BWG, FI, and higher FCR (P < 0.0001). During the challenge and overall periods, NC group had highest BW, BWG, and FI, and lowest FCR. The inclusion of canola meal showed lower performance during prechallenge period but was able to catch up BWG during challenge period. The AITC levels showed similar growth performance to CC group. Intestinal permeability for 20CLM, 40CLM, 500AITC and 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC, 10RS, and 30RS had higher permeability compared to NC (P < 0.0001). Oocyst shedding was significantly lower for 40CLM and NC, whereas all other treatments had higher oocyst shedding (P < 0.0001). All the challenged treatment groups had higher lesion score and microscore than NC (P < 0.0001). Histomorphology data showed that jejunum villus height (VH) for 1000AITC was similar to NC group, whereas CC group had the lowest VH (P = 0.01). The 30RS group had lower VH: crypt depth (CD) ratio in the jejunum and ileum. The gene expression at 6 dpi for claudin1, occludin, IL2, IL6, GLUT5, EAAT, BoAT, and LAT1 was significantly changed among the treatments. The results suggest that 30RS retards growth performance and deteriorate gut health during coccidiosis and should not be fed to chicken during the starter phase. Canola meal showed decline in growth prechallenge but maintained growth and intestinal health during the challenge period at 40% inclusion. AITC at 1,000 ppm showed similar growth as control group, but with improved gut health during the challenge period. Canola meal could be a good alternative to SBM especially during coccidiosis, whereas AITC needs to be tested vigorously in animal feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yadav
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - P-Y Teng
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - J Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Bollinedi H, Singh N, Gopala Krishnan S, Vinod KK, Bhowmick PK, Nagarajan M, Ellur RK, Singh AK. A novel LOX3-null allele (lox3-b) originated in the aromatic Basmati rice cultivars imparts storage stability to rice bran. Food Chem 2022; 369:130887. [PMID: 34461519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid deterioration of rice bran due to the LOX3 enzyme catalysed oxidation of PUFA is the major bottleneck for its utilization in various downstream applications. In the present study, we have identified a set of nine novel LOX3-null rice accessions carrying a deletion of C residue in the exon2 causing a frameshift mutation resulting in a truncated non-functional LOX3 protein. Our study, further manifested the predominance of C deletion based LOX3-null allele, named lox3-b, in the aromatic rice germplasm particularly in the Indian Basmati rice group. The LOX3-null genotypes exhibited significantly reduced rancidity, after six months of storage. They also showed significantly lower percentage reduction of linoleic acid (LA), higher γ-oryzanol content and lower hexanal content. A functional dCAPS marker designed based on the deletion polymorphism clearly differentiated LOX3 and lox3-b alleles, and has the potential application in marker assisted rice breeding programmes to develop cultivars with better bran storability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - S Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - K K Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - P K Bhowmick
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - M Nagarajan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Rice Breeding and Genetics Research Centre, Aduthurai, India
| | - R K Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India.
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