1
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Foley AR, Sperinde G, Fischer SK. Expanding assay range to accommodate a monoclonal antibody therapeutic quantification in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:129-140. [PMID: 38088824 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapeutic levels in neurodegenerative diseases are often measured in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Due to 0.1% drug partition from serum to CSF and the higher sensitivity needs, usually two different assays are required. The different Gyrolab Bioaffy compact discs can extend the dynamic range of assays. Here, an assay was developed and adapted on two different Gyrolab Bioaffy compact discs (200 and 4000 nl) to achieve the required sensitivity and assay dynamic range needed for the measurement of drug in both serum and CSF. This was accomplished by using the same critical reagents with minimal assay development to transition from a serum to a CSF assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Foley
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Gizette Sperinde
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Saloumeh K Fischer
- BioAnalytical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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2
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Foley AR, Raskatov J. AN ENANTIOMERIC FRAGMENT PAIR (EFP) APPROACH FOR THE STUDY OF CELLULAR UPTAKE OF INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED PROTEINS. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200146. [PMID: 35417609 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The study of intrinsically disordered and amyloidogenic proteins poses a major challenge to researchers: the propensity of the system to aggregate and to form amyloid fibrils and deposits . This intrinsic nature limits the way amyloids can be studied and increases the level of complexity of the techniques needed to study the system of interest. Recent reports suggest that cellular recognition and internalization of pre-fibrillary species of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins may initiate some of its toxic actions. Therefore, developing novels tools to facilitate the understanding and determination of the interactions between intrinsically disordered proteins and the cellular membrane is becoming increasingly valuable. Here, we present and propose an approach for the study of the interactions of intrinsically disordered proteins with the cellular surface based on the use of enantiomeric fragment pairs (EFPs). By following a stepwise methodology in which the amyloidogenic peptide or protein is fragmented into specific segments, we show how this approach can be exploited to differentiate between different types of cellular uptake, to determine the degree of receptor-mediated cellular internalization of intrinsically disordered peptides and proteins, and to pinpoint the specific regions within the amino acid sequence responsible for the cellular recognition. Adopting this approach overcomes aggregation-related challenges and offers a particularly well-suited platform for the elucidation of receptor-intermediated recognition, uptake, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jevgenij Raskatov
- UCSC, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1156 High Street, 95064, Santa Cruz, UNITED STATES
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3
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Allen AC, Efrem M, Mahalingam U, Guarino-Hotz M, Foley AR, Raskatov JA, Song C, Lindley SA, Li J, Chen B, Zhang JZ. Hollow Gold Nanosphere Templated Synthesis of PEGylated Hollow Gold Nanostars and Use for SERS Detection of Amyloid Beta in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12344-12352. [PMID: 34726922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) have been used as the template for seed-mediated growth of multibranched hollow gold nanostars (HNS). The HGNs were synthesized via anerobic reduction of cobalt chloride to cobalt nanoparticles and then formation of a gold shell via galvanic replacement followed by the oxidation of the cobalt core. We obtained control of the inner core size of the HGNs by increasing the size of the sacrificial cobalt core and by varying the ratio of B(OH)3/BH4 using boric acid rather than 48 h aged borohydride. We synthesized the HNS by reducing Au3+ ions in the presence of Ag+ ions using ascorbic acid, creating a spiky morphology that varied with the Au3+/Ag+ ratio. A broadly tunable localized surface plasmon resonance was achieved through control of both the inner core and the spike length. Amyloid beta (Aβ) was conjugated to the HNS by using a heterobifunctional PEG linker and identified by the vibrational modes associated with the conjugated ring phenylalanine side chain. A bicinchoninic acid assay was used to determine the concentration of Aβ conjugated to HNS as 20 nM, which is below the level of Aβ that negatively affects long-term potentiation. Both the core size and spike length were shown to affect the optical properties of the resulting nanostructures. This HGN templated method introduced a new parameter for enhancing the plasmonic properties of gold nanostars, namely, the addition of a hollow core. Hollow gold nanostars are highly desirable for a wide range of applications, including high sensitivity disease detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A'Lester C Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Mekedlawit Efrem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Umadevi Mahalingam
- Department of Physics, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal 624 101, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Melissa Guarino-Hotz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alejandro R Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Chengyu Song
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sarah A Lindley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jing Li
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Bin Chen
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Jin Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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4
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Abstract
Amyloid aggregation and human disease are inextricably linked. Examples include Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and type II diabetes. While seminal advances on the mechanistic understanding of these diseases have been made over the last decades, controlling amyloid fibril formation still represents a challenge, and it is a subject of active research. In this regard, chiral modifications have increasingly been proved to offer a particularly well-suited approach toward accessing to previously unknown aggregation pathways and to provide with novel insights on the biological mechanisms of action of amyloidogenic peptides and proteins. Here, we summarize recent advances on how the use of mirror-image peptides/proteins and d-amino acid incorporations have helped modulate amyloid aggregation, offered new mechanistic tools to study cellular interactions, and allowed us to identify key positions within the peptide/protein sequence that influence amyloid fibril growth and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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5
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Foley AR, Raskatov JA. Assessing Reproducibility in Amyloid β Research: Impact of Aβ Sources on Experimental Outcomes. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2425-2430. [PMID: 32249510 PMCID: PMC7647053 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The difficulty of synthesizing and purifying the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide, combined with its high aggregation propensity and low solubility under physiological conditions, leads to a wide variety of experimental results from kinetic assays to biological activity. Thus, it becomes challenging to reproduce outcomes, and this limits our ability to rely on reported results as the foundation for new research. This article examines variability of the Aβ peptide from different sources, comparing purity, and oligomer and fibril formation propensity side by side. The results highlight the importance of performing rigorous controls so that meaningful biophysical, biochemical, and neurobiological results can be obtained to improve our understanding on Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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6
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Raskatov JA, Virgil S, Lee H, Henling LM, Chan K, Kuhn AJ, Foley AR. Cover Feature: A Facile Method for the Separation of Methionine Sulfoxide Diastereomers, Structural Assignment, and DFT Analysis (Chem. Eur. J. 20/2020). Chemistry 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
| | - Scott Virgil
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUCSC 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, California USA
| | - Hsiau‐Wei Lee
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
| | - Lawrence M. Henling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUCSC 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, California USA
| | - Ka Chan
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
| | - Ariel J. Kuhn
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
| | - Alejandro R. Foley
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
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7
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Raskatov JA, Virgil S, Lee H, Henling LM, Chan K, Kuhn AJ, Foley AR. A Facile Method for the Separation of Methionine Sulfoxide Diastereomers, Structural Assignment, and DFT Analysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:4467-4470. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
| | - Scott Virgil
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUCSC 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, California USA
| | - Hsiau‐Wei Lee
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
| | - Lawrence M. Henling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUCSC 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, California USA
| | - Ka Chan
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
| | - Ariel J. Kuhn
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
| | - Alejandro R. Foley
- Dept. of Chemistry and BiochemistryUCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz, California USA
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8
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Foley AR, Lee HW, Raskatov JA. A Focused Chiral Mutant Library of the Amyloid β 42 Central Electrostatic Cluster as a Tool To Stabilize Aggregation Intermediates. J Org Chem 2020; 85:1385-1391. [PMID: 31875394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidogenic peptides and proteins aggregate into fibrillary structures that are usually deposited in tissues and organs and are often involved in the development of diseases. In contrast to native structured proteins, amyloids do not follow a defined energy landscape toward the fibrillary state and often generate a vast population of aggregation intermediates that are transient and exceedingly difficult to study. Here, we employ chiral editing as a tool to study the aggregation mechanism of the Amyloid β (Aβ) 42 peptide, whose aggregation intermediates are thought to be one of the main driving forces in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Through the design of a focused chiral mutant library (FCML) of 16 chiral Aβ42 variants, we identified several point D-substitutions that allowed us to modulate the aggregation propensity and the biological activity of the peptide. Surprisingly, the reduced propensity toward aggregation and the stabilization of oligomeric intermediates did not always correlate with an increase in toxicity. In the present study, we show how chiral editing can be a powerful tool to trap and stabilize Aβ42 conformers that might otherwise be too transient and dynamic to study, and we identify sites within the Aβ42 sequence that could be potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Hsiau-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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9
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Dutta S, Foley AR, Kuhn AJ, Abrams B, Lee H, Raskatov JA. New insights into differential aggregation of enantiomerically pure and racemic Aβ40 systems. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Alejandro R. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Ariel J. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Life Sciences Microscopy CenterUniversity of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Hsiau‐Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California
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10
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Heywood I, Camilo F, Cotton WD, Yusef-Zadeh F, Abbott TD, Adam RM, Aldera MA, Bauermeister EF, Booth RS, Botha AG, Botha DH, Brederode LRS, Brits ZB, Buchner SJ, Burger JP, Chalmers JM, Cheetham T, de Villiers D, Dikgale-Mahlakoana MA, du Toit LJ, Esterhuyse SWP, Fanaroff BL, Foley AR, Fourie DJ, Gamatham RRG, Goedhart S, Gounden S, Hlakola MJ, Hoek CJ, Hokwana A, Horn DM, Horrell JMG, Hugo B, Isaacson AR, Jonas JL, Jordaan JDBL, Joubert AF, Józsa GIG, Julie RPM, Kapp FB, Kenyon JS, Kotzé PPA, Kriel H, Kusel TW, Lehmensiek R, Liebenberg D, Loots A, Lord RT, Lunsky BM, Macfarlane PS, Magnus LG, Magozore CM, Mahgoub O, Main JPL, Malan JA, Malgas RD, Manley JR, Maree MDJ, Merry B, Millenaar R, Mnyandu N, Moeng IPT, Monama TE, Mphego MC, New WS, Ngcebetsha B, Oozeer N, Otto AJ, Passmoor SS, Patel AA, Peens-Hough A, Perkins SJ, Ratcliffe SM, Renil R, Rust A, Salie S, Schwardt LC, Serylak M, Siebrits R, Sirothia SK, Smirnov OM, Sofeya L, Swart PS, Tasse C, Taylor DT, Theron IP, Thorat K, Tiplady AJ, Tshongweni S, van Balla TJ, van der Byl A, van der Merwe C, van Dyk CL, Van Rooyen R, Van Tonder V, Van Wyk R, Wallace BH, Welz MG, Williams LP. Inflation of 430-parsec bipolar radio bubbles in the Galactic Centre by an energetic event. Nature 2019; 573:235-237. [PMID: 31511683 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1532-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Galactic Centre contains a supermassive black hole with a mass of four million Suns1 within an environment that differs markedly from that of the Galactic disk. Although the black hole is essentially quiescent in the broader context of active galactic nuclei, X-ray observations have provided evidence for energetic outbursts from its surroundings2. Also, although the levels of star formation in the Galactic Centre have been approximately constant over the past few hundred million years, there is evidence of increased short-duration bursts3, strongly influenced by the interaction of the black hole with the enhanced gas density present within the ring-like central molecular zone4 at Galactic longitude |l| < 0.7 degrees and latitude |b| < 0.2 degrees. The inner 200-parsec region is characterized by large amounts of warm molecular gas5, a high cosmic-ray ionization rate6, unusual gas chemistry, enhanced synchrotron emission7,8, and a multitude of radio-emitting magnetized filaments9, the origin of which has not been established. Here we report radio imaging that reveals a bipolar bubble structure, with an overall span of 1 degree by 3 degrees (140 parsecs × 430 parsecs), extending above and below the Galactic plane and apparently associated with the Galactic Centre. The structure is edge-brightened and bounded, with symmetry implying creation by an energetic event in the Galactic Centre. We estimate the age of the bubbles to be a few million years, with a total energy of 7 × 1052 ergs. We postulate that the progenitor event was a major contributor to the increased cosmic-ray density in the Galactic Centre, and is in turn the principal source of the relativistic particles required to power the synchrotron emission of the radio filaments within and in the vicinity of the bubble cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Heywood
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. .,South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - F Camilo
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - W D Cotton
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.,National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - F Yusef-Zadeh
- CIERA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - T D Abbott
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R M Adam
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M A Aldera
- Tellumat (Pty) Ltd, Retreat, South Africa
| | - E F Bauermeister
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R S Booth
- Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A G Botha
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D H Botha
- EMSS Antennas (Pty) Ltd, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - L R S Brederode
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.,SKA Organisation, Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Z B Brits
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S J Buchner
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J P Burger
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J M Chalmers
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Cheetham
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D de Villiers
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - L J du Toit
- EMSS Antennas (Pty) Ltd, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - S W P Esterhuyse
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B L Fanaroff
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A R Foley
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D J Fourie
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R R G Gamatham
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Goedhart
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Gounden
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M J Hlakola
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C J Hoek
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Hokwana
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D M Horn
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J M G Horrell
- IDIA, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - B Hugo
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A R Isaacson
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J L Jonas
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J D B L Jordaan
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.,EMSS Antennas (Pty) Ltd, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A F Joubert
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G I G Józsa
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R P M Julie
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - F B Kapp
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J S Kenyon
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - P P A Kotzé
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H Kriel
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T W Kusel
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Lehmensiek
- EMSS Antennas (Pty) Ltd, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - D Liebenberg
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Loots
- Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R T Lord
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B M Lunsky
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P S Macfarlane
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L G Magnus
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C M Magozore
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O Mahgoub
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J P L Main
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J A Malan
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R D Malgas
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J R Manley
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M D J Maree
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Merry
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Millenaar
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Mnyandu
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - I P T Moeng
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T E Monama
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M C Mphego
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - W S New
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Ngcebetsha
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N Oozeer
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.,African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Muizenberg, South Africa
| | - A J Otto
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S S Passmoor
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A A Patel
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Peens-Hough
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S J Perkins
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S M Ratcliffe
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Renil
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Rust
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Salie
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L C Schwardt
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Serylak
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - R Siebrits
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S K Sirothia
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - O M Smirnov
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Sofeya
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P S Swart
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Tasse
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,GEPI, CNRS, PSL Research University, Meudon, France
| | - D T Taylor
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - I P Theron
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,EMSS Antennas (Pty) Ltd, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - K Thorat
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.,South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A J Tiplady
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Tshongweni
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T J van Balla
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A van der Byl
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C van der Merwe
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C L van Dyk
- Peralex Electronics (Pty) Ltd, Bergvliet, South Africa
| | - R Van Rooyen
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - V Van Tonder
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Van Wyk
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B H Wallace
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M G Welz
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L P Williams
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Foley AR, Finn TS, Kung T, Hatami A, Lee HW, Jia M, Rolandi M, Raskatov JA. Trapping and Characterization of Nontoxic Aβ42 Aggregation Intermediates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3880-3887. [PMID: 31319029 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) 42 is an aggregation-prone peptide and the believed seminal etiological agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intermediates of Aβ42 aggregation, commonly referred to as diffusible oligomers, are considered to be among the most toxic forms of the peptide. Here, we studied the effect of the age-related epimerization of Ser26 (i.e., S26s chiral edit) in Aβ42 and discovered that this subtle molecular change led to reduced fibril formation propensity. Surprisingly, the resultant soluble aggregates were nontoxic. To gain insight into the structural changes that occurred in the peptide upon S26s substitution, the system was probed using an array of biophysical and biochemical methods. These experiments consistently pointed to the stabilization of aggregation intermediates in the Aβ42-S26s system. To better understand the changes arising as a consequence of the S26s substitution, molecular level structural studies were performed. Using a combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- and density functional theory (DFT)-computational approach, we found that the S26s chiral edit induced only local structural changes in the Gly25-Ser26-Asn27 region. Interestingly, these subtle changes enabled the formation of an intramolecular Ser26-Asn27 H-bond, which disrupted the ability of Asn27 to engage in the fibrillogenic side chain-to-side chain H-bonding pattern. This reveals that intermolecular stabilizing interactions between Asn27 side chains are a key element controlling Aβ42 aggregation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Thomas S. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Timothy Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Asa Hatami
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Hsiau-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Abstract
Amyloid β 42 (Aβ42) is an inherently disordered peptide, whose toxic actions are believed to play important roles in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Four fibril structures of the peptide that display broadly similar characteristics were recently published, but a systematic comparison of these structures is lacking. In this paper, a topological framework was created to enable such understanding and produced new insights into subtle structural elements that underlie the overall structural diversity. A DFT-based analysis illuminated some of the energetic differences that arise as a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Science Building 356, 1156 High Street, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Science Building 356, 1156 High Street, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Dutta S, Foley AR, Warner CJA, Zhang X, Rolandi M, Abrams B, Raskatov JA. Suppression of Oligomer Formation and Formation of Non‐Toxic Fibrils upon Addition of Mirror‐Image Aβ42 to the Natural
l
‐Enantiomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Alejandro R. Foley
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Dept. of Biomolecular Engineering Life Sciences Microscopy Center UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz 95064 CA USA
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Dutta S, Foley AR, Warner CJA, Zhang X, Rolandi M, Abrams B, Raskatov JA. Suppression of Oligomer Formation and Formation of Non-Toxic Fibrils upon Addition of Mirror-Image Aβ42 to the Natural l-Enantiomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11506-11510. [PMID: 28682473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Racemates often have lower solubility than enantiopure compounds, and the mixing of enantiomers can enhance the aggregation propensity of peptides. Amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 is an aggregation-prone peptide that is believed to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease. Soluble Aβ42 aggregation intermediates (oligomers) have emerged as being particularly neurotoxic. We hypothesized that the addition of mirror-image d-Aβ42 should reduce the concentration of toxic oligomers formed from natural l-Aβ42. We synthesized l- and D-Aβ42 and found their equimolar mixing to lead to accelerated fibril formation. Confocal microscopy with fluorescently labeled analogues of the enantiomers showed their colocalization in racemic fibrils. Owing to the enhanced fibril formation propensity, racemic Aβ42 was less prone to form soluble oligomers. This resulted in the protection of cells from the toxicity of l-Aβ42 at concentrations up to 50 μm. The mixing of Aβ42 enantiomers thus accelerates the formation of non-toxic fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro R Foley
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Dept. of Biomolecular Engineering, Life Sciences Microscopy Center, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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Warner CJA, Dutta S, Foley AR, Raskatov JA. A Tailored HPLC Purification Protocol That Yields High-purity Amyloid Beta 42 and Amyloid Beta 40 Peptides, Capable of Oligomer Formation. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28448032 DOI: 10.3791/55482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidogenic peptides such as the Alzheimer's disease-implicated Amyloid beta (Aβ), can present a significant challenge when trying to obtain high purity material. Here we present a tailored HPLC purification protocol to produce high-purity amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40) peptides. We have found that the combination of commercially available hydrophobic poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) stationary phase, polymer laboratory reverse phase - styrenedivinylbenzene (PLRP-S) under high pH conditions, enables the attainment of high purity (>95%) Aβ42 in a single chromatographic run. The purification is highly reproducible and can be amended to both semi-preparative and analytical conditions depending upon the amount of material wished to be purified. The protocol can also be applied to the Aβ40 peptide with identical success and without the need to alter the method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Subrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz
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Warner CJ, Dutta S, Foley AR, Chen E, Kliger DS, Raskatov JA. Using chiral peptide substitutions to probe the structure function relationship of a key residue of Aβ42. Chirality 2016; 29:5-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Subrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, Santa Cruz; CA USA
| | - Alejandro R. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, Santa Cruz; CA USA
| | - Eefei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, Santa Cruz; CA USA
| | - David S. Kliger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, Santa Cruz; CA USA
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, Santa Cruz; CA USA
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Warner CJA, Dutta S, Foley AR, Raskatov JA. Introduction of d-Glutamate at a Critical Residue of Aβ42 Stabilizes a Prefibrillary Aggregate with Enhanced Toxicity. Chemistry 2016; 22:11967-70. [PMID: 27272258 PMCID: PMC5096037 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid beta peptide 42 (Aβ42) is an aggregation-prone peptide that plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer's disease. We report that a subtle perturbation to the peptide through a single chirality change at glutamate 22 leads to a pronounced delay in the β-sheet adoption of the peptide. This was accompanied by an attenuated propensity of the peptide to form fibrils, which was correlated with changes at the level of the fibrillary architecture. Strikingly, the incorporation of d-glutamate was found to stabilize a soluble, ordered macromolecular assembly with enhanced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells, highlighting the importance of advanced prefibrillary Aβ aggregates in neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J A Warner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Science Building, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Subrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Science Building, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Alejandro R Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Science Building, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Physical Science Building, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, USA.
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18
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Warner CJA, Dutta S, Foley AR, Raskatov JA. Inside Cover: Introduction of d
-Glutamate at a Critical Residue of Aβ42 Stabilizes a Prefibrillary Aggregate with Enhanced Toxicity (Chem. Eur. J. 34/2016). Chemistry 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. A. Warner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Physical Science Building; University of California; 1156 High Street Santa Cruz USA
| | - Subrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Physical Science Building; University of California; 1156 High Street Santa Cruz USA
| | - Alejandro R. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Physical Science Building; University of California; 1156 High Street Santa Cruz USA
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Physical Science Building; University of California; 1156 High Street Santa Cruz USA
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19
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Donkervoort S, Papadaki M, de Winter JM, Neu MB, Kirschner J, Bolduc V, Yang ML, Gibbons MA, Hu Y, Dastgir J, Leach ME, Rutkowski A, Foley AR, Krüger M, Wartchow EP, McNamara E, Ong R, Nowak KJ, Laing NG, Clarke NF, Ottenheijm C, Marston SB, Bönnemann CG. TPM3 deletions cause a hypercontractile congenital muscle stiffness phenotype. Ann Neurol 2015; 78:982-994. [PMID: 26418456 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in TPM3, encoding Tpm3.12, cause a clinically and histopathologically diverse group of myopathies characterized by muscle weakness. We report two patients with novel de novo Tpm3.12 single glutamic acid deletions at positions ΔE218 and ΔE224, resulting in a significant hypercontractile phenotype with congenital muscle stiffness, rather than weakness, and respiratory failure in one patient. METHODS The effect of the Tpm3.12 deletions on the contractile properties in dissected patient myofibers was measured. We used quantitative in vitro motility assay to measure Ca(2+) sensitivity of thin filaments reconstituted with recombinant Tpm3.12 ΔE218 and ΔE224. RESULTS Contractility studies on permeabilized myofibers demonstrated reduced maximal active tension from both patients with increased Ca(2+) sensitivity and altered cross-bridge cycling kinetics in ΔE224 fibers. In vitro motility studies showed a two-fold increase in Ca(2+) sensitivity of the fraction of filaments motile and the filament sliding velocity concentrations for both mutations. INTERPRETATION These data indicate that Tpm3.12 deletions ΔE218 and ΔE224 result in increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of the troponin-tropomyosin complex, resulting in abnormally active interaction of the actin and myosin complex. Both mutations are located in the charged motifs of the actin-binding residues of tropomyosin 3, thus disrupting the electrostatic interactions that facilitate accurate tropomyosin binding with actin necessary to prevent the on-state. The mutations destabilize the off-state and result in excessively sensitized excitation-contraction coupling of the contractile apparatus. This work expands the phenotypic spectrum of TPM3-related disease and provides insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of the actin-tropomyosin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Donkervoort
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Papadaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J M de Winter
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M B Neu
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - V Bolduc
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M L Yang
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Section of Child Neurology, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M A Gibbons
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Y Hu
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Dastgir
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M E Leach
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Children's National Health System, Washington DC, USA
| | - A Rutkowski
- Kaiser SCPMG, Cure CMD, P.O. Box 701, Olathe, KS 66051, USA
| | - A R Foley
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Krüger
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E P Wartchow
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - E McNamara
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - R Ong
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - K J Nowak
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - N F Clarke
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cac Ottenheijm
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S B Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C G Bönnemann
- National Institutes of Health, Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Kim J, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Foley AR, Fernandez-Fuente M, Brown SC, Torelli S, Feng L, Sewry CA, Muntoni F. Flow cytometry analysis: a quantitative method for collagen VI deficiency screening. Neuromuscul Disord 2011; 22:139-48. [PMID: 22075033 PMCID: PMC3657173 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3 genes result in collagen VI myopathies: Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), Bethlem myopathy (BM) and intermediate phenotypes. At present, none of the existing diagnostic techniques for evaluating collagen VI expression is quantitative, and the detection of subtle changes in collagen VI expression remains challenging. We investigated flow cytometry analysis as a means of quantitatively measuring collagen VI in primary fibroblasts and compared this method with the standard method of fibroblast collagen VI immunohistochemical analysis. Eight UCMD and five BM molecularly confirmed patients were studied and compared to five controls. Flow cytometry analysis consistently detected a reduction of collagen VI of at least 60% in all UCMD cases. In BM cases the levels of collagen VI were variable but on average 20% less than controls. Flow cytometry analysis provides an alternative method for screening for collagen VI deficiency at the protein level in a quantitative, time and cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Foley AR, Arce A, Greenberg I, Gorham P. Collaboration between public and private agencies in developing a community mental health service. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1971; 22:337-40. [PMID: 4334366 DOI: 10.1176/ps.22.11.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Foley AR. [Tuberculosis]. Cah Nurs 1969; 42:155-8. [PMID: 5193123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Foley AR, Brodie HK. The administrative process as an instrument of change. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1969; 20:1-8. [PMID: 5775088 DOI: 10.1176/ps.20.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Foley AR. Tularemia in quebec. Can Med Assoc J 1968; 98:466. [PMID: 20329170 PMCID: PMC1923937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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30
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Morin YL, Foley AR, Martineau G, Roussel J. Quebec beer-drinkers' cardiomyopathy: forty-eight cases. Can Med Assoc J 1967; 97:881-3. [PMID: 6051256 PMCID: PMC1923396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Foley AR. [What has epidemiology to offer public health today and in the future?]. Can J Public Health 1966; 57:463-6. [PMID: 5976897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nagler FP, Foley AR, Furesz J, Martineau G. Studies on attenuated measles-virus vaccines in Canada. Bull World Health Organ 1965; 32:791-801. [PMID: 5294304 PMCID: PMC2555284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the results of a study of live attenuated measles vaccines (one in a series of WHO-sponsored field trials) carried out in children 6-33 months old at an orphanage in Quebec City. The Enders Edmonston B vaccine alone and the same vaccine administered with gamma-globulin were compared with the Schwarz further-attenuated vaccine. The over-all seroconversion rates were found to be 96.9%, 98.1% and 98.8% respectively. Severe clinical reactions, except for high fever, were not observed in any of the groups. Rectal temperatures over 103 degrees F (39.5 degrees C) were noted in 16.2% of the children given Schwarz vaccine, in 59.2% of the children receiving the Enders Edmonston B vaccine alone and in 27.8% of the children inoculated with the Enders Edmonston B vaccine plus gamma-globulin. The high incidence of mild pharyngitis following inoculation of these vaccines was not observed in the group of children who had received vaccine plus gamma-globulin. No significant differences were noted in the frequency of other symptoms, such as cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and diarrhoea, between vaccinated and control groups.
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