1
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Kesapragada M, Sun YH, Zlobina K, Recendez C, Fregoso D, Yang HY, Aslankoohi E, Isseroff R, Rolandi M, Zhao M, Gomez M. Deep learning classification for macrophage subtypes through cell migratory pattern analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1259037. [PMID: 38385029 PMCID: PMC10879298 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1259037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages can exhibit pro-inflammatory or pro-reparatory functions, contingent upon their specific activation state. This dynamic behavior empowers macrophages to engage in immune reactions and contribute to tissue homeostasis. Understanding the intricate interplay between macrophage motility and activation status provides valuable insights into the complex mechanisms that govern their diverse functions. In a recent study, we developed a classification method based on morphology, which demonstrated that movement characteristics, including speed and displacement, can serve as distinguishing factors for macrophage subtypes. In this study, we develop a deep learning model to explore the potential of classifying macrophage subtypes based solely on raw trajectory patterns. The classification model relies on the time series of x-y coordinates, as well as the distance traveled and net displacement. We begin by investigating the migratory patterns of macrophages to gain a deeper understanding of their behavior. Although this analysis does not directly inform the deep learning model, it serves to highlight the intricate and distinct dynamics exhibited by different macrophage subtypes, which cannot be easily captured by a finite set of motility metrics. Our study uses cell trajectories to classify three macrophage subtypes: M0, M1, and M2. This advancement holds promising implications for the future, as it suggests the possibility of identifying macrophage subtypes without relying on shape analysis. Consequently, it could potentially eliminate the necessity for high-quality imaging techniques and provide more robust methods for analyzing inherently blurry images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Kesapragada
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Yao-Hui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ksenia Zlobina
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Cynthia Recendez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Fregoso
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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2
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Park Y, Hernandez S, Hernandez CO, Schweiger HE, Li H, Voitiuk K, Dechiraju H, Hawthorne N, Muzzy EM, Selberg JA, Sullivan FN, Urcuyo R, Salama SR, Aslankoohi E, Knight HJ, Teodorescu M, Mostajo-Radji MA, Rolandi M. Modulation of neuronal activity in cortical organoids with bioelectronic delivery of ions and neurotransmitters. Cell Rep Methods 2024; 4:100686. [PMID: 38218190 PMCID: PMC10831944 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Precise modulation of brain activity is fundamental for the proper establishment and maturation of the cerebral cortex. To this end, cortical organoids are promising tools to study circuit formation and the underpinnings of neurodevelopmental disease. However, the ability to manipulate neuronal activity with high temporal resolution in brain organoids remains limited. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a bioelectronic approach to control cortical organoid activity with the selective delivery of ions and neurotransmitters. Using this approach, we sequentially increased and decreased neuronal activity in brain organoids with the bioelectronic delivery of potassium ions (K+) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively, while simultaneously monitoring network activity. This works highlights bioelectronic ion pumps as tools for high-resolution temporal control of brain organoid activity toward precise pharmacological studies that can improve our understanding of neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Sebastian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Cristian O Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Hunter E Schweiger
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Houpu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kateryna Voitiuk
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Harika Dechiraju
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nico Hawthorne
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Elana M Muzzy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - John A Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Frederika N Sullivan
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Roberto Urcuyo
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Sofie R Salama
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Heather J Knight
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA.
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3
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Mehta AS, Teymoori S, Recendez C, Fregoso D, Gallegos A, Yang HY, Aslankoohi E, Rolandi M, Isseroff RR, Zhao M, Gomez M. Quantifying innervation facilitated by deep learning in wound healing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16885. [PMID: 37803028 PMCID: PMC10558471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nerves (PNs) innervate the dermis and epidermis, and are suggested to play an important role in wound healing. Several methods to quantify skin innervation during wound healing have been reported. Those usually require multiple observers, are complex and labor-intensive, and the noise/background associated with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) images could cause quantification errors/user bias. In this study, we employed the state-of-the-art deep neural network, Denoising Convolutional Neural Network (DnCNN), to perform pre-processing and effectively reduce the noise in the IHC images. Additionally, we utilized an automated image analysis tool, assisted by Matlab, to accurately determine the extent of skin innervation during various stages of wound healing. The 8 mm wound is generated using a circular biopsy punch in the wild-type mouse. Skin samples were collected on days 3, 7, 10 and 15, and sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were stained against pan-neuronal marker- protein-gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) antibody. On day 3 and day 7, negligible nerve fibers were present throughout the wound with few only on the lateral boundaries of the wound. On day 10, a slight increase in nerve fiber density appeared, which significantly increased on day 15. Importantly, we found a positive correlation (R2 = 0.926) between nerve fiber density and re-epithelization, suggesting an association between re-innervation and re-epithelization. These results established a quantitative time course of re-innervation in wound healing, and the automated image analysis method offers a novel and useful tool to facilitate the quantification of innervation in the skin and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abijeet Singh Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sam Teymoori
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Cynthia Recendez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Daniel Fregoso
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Anthony Gallegos
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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4
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Baniya P, Tebyani M, Asefifeyzabadi N, Nguyen T, Hernandez C, Zhu K, Li H, Selberg J, Hsieh HC, Pansodtee P, Yang HY, Recendez C, Keller G, Hee WS, Aslankoohi E, Isseroff RR, Zhao M, Gomez M, Rolandi M, Teodorescu M. A system for bioelectronic delivery of treatment directed toward wound healing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14766. [PMID: 37679425 PMCID: PMC10485133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of wearable bioelectronic systems is a promising approach for optimal delivery of therapeutic treatments. These systems can provide continuous delivery of ions, charged biomolecules, and an electric field for various medical applications. However, rapid prototyping of wearable bioelectronic systems for controlled delivery of specific treatments with a scalable fabrication process is challenging. We present a wearable bioelectronic system comprised of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device cast in customizable 3D printed molds and a printed circuit board (PCB), which employs commercially available engineering components and tools throughout design and fabrication. The system, featuring solution-filled reservoirs, embedded electrodes, and hydrogel-filled capillary tubing, is assembled modularly. The PDMS and PCB both contain matching through-holes designed to hold metallic contact posts coated with silver epoxy, allowing for mechanical and electrical integration. This assembly scheme allows us to interchange subsystem components, such as various PCB designs and reservoir solutions. We present three PCB designs: a wired version and two battery-powered versions with and without onboard memory. The wired design uses an external voltage controller for device actuation. The battery-powered PCB design uses a microcontroller unit to enable pre-programmed applied voltages and deep sleep mode to prolong battery run time. Finally, the battery-powered PCB with onboard memory is developed to record delivered currents, which enables us to verify treatment dose delivered. To demonstrate the functionality of the platform, the devices are used to deliver H[Formula: see text] in vivo using mouse models and fluoxetine ex vivo using a simulated wound environment. Immunohistochemistry staining shows an improvement of 35.86% in the M1/M2 ratio of H[Formula: see text]-treated wounds compared with control wounds, indicating the potential of the platform to improve wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Baniya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Maryam Tebyani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Narges Asefifeyzabadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Cristian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Houpu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Hao-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Cynthia Recendez
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Gordon Keller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Wan Shen Hee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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5
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Luo L, Manda S, Park Y, Demir B, Sanchez J, Anantram MP, Oren EE, Gopinath A, Rolandi M. DNA nanopores as artificial membrane channels for bioprotonics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5364. [PMID: 37666808 PMCID: PMC10477224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membrane channels mediate information exchange between cells and facilitate molecular recognition. While tuning the shape and function of membrane channels for precision molecular sensing via de-novo routes is complex, an even more significant challenge is interfacing membrane channels with electronic devices for signal readout, which results in low efficiency of information transfer - one of the major barriers to the continued development of high-performance bioelectronic devices. To this end, we integrate membrane spanning DNA nanopores with bioprotonic contacts to create programmable, modular, and efficient artificial ion-channel interfaces. Here we show that cholesterol modified DNA nanopores spontaneously and with remarkable affinity span the lipid bilayer formed over the planar bio-protonic electrode surface and mediate proton transport across the bilayer. Using the ability to easily modify DNA nanostructures, we illustrate that this bioprotonic device can be programmed for electronic recognition of biomolecular signals such as presence of Streptavidin and the cardiac biomarker B-type natriuretic peptide, without modifying the biomolecules. We anticipate this robust interface will allow facile electronic measurement and quantification of biomolecules in a multiplexed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Swathi Manda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yunjeong Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Busra Demir
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jesse Sanchez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - M P Anantram
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ersin Emre Oren
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Ashwin Gopinath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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6
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Mehta AS, Teymoori S, Recendez C, Fregoso D, Gallegos A, Yang HY, Isseroff R, Zhao M, Gomez M, Aslankoohi E, Rolandi M. Quantifying innervation facilitated by deep learning in wound healing. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3088471. [PMID: 37461461 PMCID: PMC10350234 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3088471/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral nerves (PNs) innervate the dermis and epidermis, which have been suggested to play an important role in wound healing. Several methods to quantify skin innervation during wound healing have been reported. Those usually require multiple observers, are complex and labor-intensive, and noise/background associated with the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) images could cause quantification errors/user bias. In this study, we employed the state-of-the-art deep neural network, DnCNN, to perform pre-processing and effectively reduce the noise in the IHC images. Additionally, we utilized an automated image analysis tool, assisted by Matlab, to accurately determine the extent of skin innervation during various stages of wound healing. The 8mm wound is generated using a circular biopsy punch in the wild-type mouse. Skin samples were collected on days 3,7,10 and 15, and sections from paraffin-embedded tissues were stained against pan-neuronal marker- protein-gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) antibody. On day 3 and day 7, negligible nerve fibers were present throughout the wound with few only on the lateral boundaries of the wound. On day 10, a slight increase in nerve fiber density appeared, which significantly increased on day 15. Importantly we found a positive correlation (R 2 = 0.933) between nerve fiber density and re-epithelization, suggesting an association between re-innervation and re-epithelization. These results established a quantitative time course of re-innervation in wound healing, and the automated image analysis method offers a novel and useful tool to facilitate the quantification of innervation in the skin and other tissues.
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7
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Park Y, Hernandez S, Hernandez CO, Schweiger HE, Li H, Voitiuk K, Dechiraju H, Hawthorne N, Muzzy EM, Selberg JA, Sullivan FN, Urcuyo R, Salama SR, Aslankoohi E, Teodorescu M, Mostajo-Radji MA, Rolandi M. Modulation of neuronal activity in cortical organoids with bioelectronic delivery of ions and neurotransmitters. bioRxiv 2023:2023.06.10.544416. [PMID: 37333351 PMCID: PMC10274913 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.10.544416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Precise modulation of brain activity is fundamental for the proper establishment and maturation of the cerebral cortex. To this end, cortical organoids are promising tools to study circuit formation and the underpinnings of neurodevelopmental disease. However, the ability to manipulate neuronal activity with high temporal resolution in brain organoids remains limited. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a bioelectronic approach to control cortical organoid activity with the selective delivery of ions and neurotransmitters. Using this approach, we sequentially increased and decreased neuronal activity in brain organoids with the bioelectronic delivery of potassium ions (K+) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively, while simultaneously monitoring network activity. This works highlights bioelectronic ion pumps as tools for high-resolution temporal control of brain organoid activity toward precise pharmacological studies that can improve our understanding of neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Sebastian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Cristian O. Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Hunter E. Schweiger
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
| | - Houpu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kateryna Voitiuk
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
| | - Harika Dechiraju
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Nico Hawthorne
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Elana M. Muzzy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - John A. Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Roberto Urcuyo
- Centro de Electroquímica y Energía Química (CELEQ), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Sofie R. Salama
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Mohammed A. Mostajo-Radji
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Live Cell Biotechnology Discovery Lab, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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8
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Hollingsworth WR, Johnston AR, Jia M, Luo L, Park Y, Meier W, Palmer J, Rolandi M, Ayzner AL. Influence of Backbone Regioregularity on the Optoelectronic and Mechanical Response of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte-Based Hydrogels. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2277-2285. [PMID: 36882905 PMCID: PMC10026064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to form robust, optoelectronically responsive, and mechanically tunable hydrogels using facile processing is desirable for sensing, biomedical, and light-harvesting applications. We demonstrate that such a hydrogel can be formed using aqueous complexation between one conjugated and one nonconjugated polyelectrolyte. We show that the rheological properties of the hydrogel can be tuned using the regioregularity of the conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) backbone, leading to significantly different mesoscale gel morphologies. We also find that the exciton dynamics in the long-time limit reflect differences in the underlying electronic connectivity of the hydrogels as a function CPE regioregularity. The influence of excess small ions on the hydrogel structure and the exciton dynamics similarly depends on the regioregularity in a significant way. Finally, electrical impedance measurements lead us to infer that these hydrogels can act as mixed ionic/electronic conductors. We believe that such gels possess an attractive combination of physical-chemical properties that can be leveraged in multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Hollingsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Anna R Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Manping Jia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Le Luo
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Yunjeong Park
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Walter Meier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jack Palmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alexander L Ayzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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9
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Hernandez C, Aslankoohi E, Frolikov P, Li H, Kurniawan S, Rolandi M. Implementing QR codes in academia to improve sample tracking, data accessibility, and traceability in multicampus interdisciplinary collaborations. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282783. [PMID: 37023011 PMCID: PMC10079063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing number of multicampus interdisciplinary projects in academic institutions expedites a necessity for tracking systems that provide instantly accessible data associated with devices, samples, and experimental results to all collaborators involved. This need has become particularly salient with the COVID pandemic when consequent travel restrictions have hampered in person meetings and laboratory visits. Minimizing post-pandemic travel can also help reduce carbon footprint of research activities. Here we developed a Quick Response (QR) code tracking system that integrates project management tools for seamless communication and tracking of materials and devices between multicampus collaborators: one school of medicine, two engineering laboratories, three manufacturing cleanroom sites, and three research laboratories. Here we aimed to use this system to track the design, fabrication, and quality control of bioelectronic devices, in vitro experimental results, and in vivo testing. Incorporating the tracking system into our project helped our multicampus teams accomplish milestones on a tight timeline via improved data traceability, manufacturing efficiency, and shared experimental results. This tracking system is particularly useful to track device issues and ensure engineering device consistency when working with expensive biological samples in vitro and animals in vivo to reduce waste of biological and animal resources associated with device failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Pavel Frolikov
- Department of Computational Media, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Houpu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Sri Kurniawan
- Department of Computational Media, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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10
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Seiler ST, Mantalas GL, Selberg J, Cordero S, Torres-Montoya S, Baudin PV, Ly VT, Amend F, Tran L, Hoffman RN, Rolandi M, Green RE, Haussler D, Salama SR, Teodorescu M. Modular automated microfluidic cell culture platform reduces glycolytic stress in cerebral cortex organoids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20173. [PMID: 36418910 PMCID: PMC9684529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip systems combine microfluidics, cell biology, and tissue engineering to culture 3D organ-specific in vitro models that recapitulate the biology and physiology of their in vivo counterparts. Here, we have developed a multiplex platform that automates the culture of individual organoids in isolated microenvironments at user-defined media flow rates. Programmable workflows allow the use of multiple reagent reservoirs that may be applied to direct differentiation, study temporal variables, and grow cultures long term. Novel techniques in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip fabrication are described here that enable features on the upper and lower planes of a single PDMS substrate. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of automated cerebral cortex organoid cultures shows benefits in reducing glycolytic and endoplasmic reticulum stress compared to conventional in vitro cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer T Seiler
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Gary L Mantalas
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Sergio Cordero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Sebastian Torres-Montoya
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pierre V Baudin
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Victoria T Ly
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Finn Amend
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Liam Tran
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Ryan N Hoffman
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Richard E Green
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - David Haussler
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Sofie R Salama
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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11
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Zhao M, Rolandi M, Isseroff RR. Bioelectric Signaling: Role of Bioelectricity in Directional Cell Migration in Wound Healing. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:cshperspect.a041236. [PMID: 36041786 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In wound healing, individual cells' behaviors coordinate movement toward the wound center to restore small or large barrier defects. The migration of epithelial cells as a continuous sheet structure is one of the most important processes by which the skin barrier is restored. How such multicellular and tissue level movement is initiated upon injury, coordinated during healing, and stopped when wounds healed has been a research focus for decades. When skin is wounded, the compromised epithelial barrier generates endogenous electric fields (EFs), produced by ion channels and maintained by cell junctions. These EFs are present across wounds, with the cathodal pole at the wound center. Epithelial cells detect minute EFs and migrate directionally in response to electrical signals. It has long been postulated that the naturally occurring EFs facilitate wound healing by guiding cell migration. It is not until recently that experimental evidence has shown that large epithelial sheets of keratinocytes or corneal epithelial cells respond to applied EFs by collective directional migration. Although some of the mechanisms of the collective cell migration are similar to those used by isolated cells, there are unique mechanisms that govern the coordinated movement of the cohesive sheet. We will review the understanding of wound EFs and how epithelial cells and other cells important to wound healing respond to the electric signals individually as well as collectively. Mounting evidence suggests that wound bioelectrical signaling is an important mechanism in healing. Critical understanding and proper exploitation of this mechanism will be important for better wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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12
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Jia M, Luo L, Rolandi M. Correlating Ionic Conductivity and Microstructure in Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels for Bioelectronic Devices. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202270017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Jia M, Luo L, Rolandi M. Correlating Ionic Conductivity and Microstructure in Polyelectrolyte Hydrogels for Bioelectronic Devices. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100687. [PMID: 35020249 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels have become the material of choice in bioelectronic devices because their high-water content leads to efficient ion transport and a conformal interface with biological tissue. While the morphology of hydrogels has been thoroughly studied, systematical studies on their ionic conductivity is less common. Here, we present an easy-to-implement strategy to characterize the ionic conductivity of a series of polyelectrolyte hydrogels with different amounts of monomer and crosslinker and correlate their ionic conductivity with microstructure. Higher monomer increases the ionic conductivity of the polyelectrolyte hydrogel due to the increased charge carrier density, but also leads to excessive swelling that may cause device failure upon integration with bioelectronic devices. Increasing the amount of crosslinker can reduce the swelling ratio by increasing the crosslinking density and reducing the mesh size of the hydrogel, which cuts down the ionic conductivity. Further investigation on the porosity and tortuosity of the swollen hydrogels correlates the microstructure with the ionic conductivity. These results are generalizable for various polyelectrolyte hydrogel systems with other ions as the charge carrier and provide a facile guidance to design polyelectrolyte hydrogel with desired ionic conductivity and microstructure for applications in bioelectronic devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manping Jia
- M. Jia, L. Luo, M. Rolandi, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Le Luo
- M. Jia, L. Luo, M. Rolandi, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- M. Jia, L. Luo, M. Rolandi, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, 95064, USA
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14
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Hosseini Jafari B, Zlobina K, Marquez G, Jafari M, Selberg J, Jia M, Rolandi M, Gomez M. A feedback control architecture for bioelectronic devices with applications to wound healing. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210497. [PMID: 34847791 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices can provide an interface for feedback control of biological processes in real-time based on sensor information tracking biological response. The main control challenges are guaranteeing system convergence in the presence of saturating inputs into the bioelectronic device and complexities from indirect control of biological systems. In this paper, we first derive a saturated-based robust sliding mode control design for a partially unknown nonlinear system with disturbance. Next, we develop a data informed model of a bioelectronic device for in silico simulations. Our controller is then applied to the model to demonstrate controlled pH of a target area. A modular control architecture is chosen to interface the bioelectronic device and controller with a bistable phenomenological model of wound healing to demonstrate closed-loop biological treatment. External pH is regulated by the bioelectronic device to accelerate wound healing, while avoiding chronic inflammation. Our novel control algorithm for bioelectronic devices is robust and requires minimum information about the device for broad applicability. The control architecture makes it adaptable to any biological system and can be used to enhance automation in bioengineering to improve treatments and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Hosseini Jafari
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ksenia Zlobina
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Giovanny Marquez
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mohammad Jafari
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA 31907, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Manping Jia
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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15
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Ly VT, Baudin PV, Pansodtee P, Jung EA, Voitiuk K, Rosen YM, Willsey HR, Mantalas GL, Seiler ST, Selberg JA, Cordero SA, Ross JM, Rolandi M, Pollen AA, Nowakowski TJ, Haussler D, Mostajo-Radji MA, Salama SR, Teodorescu M. Picroscope: low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1261. [PMID: 34737378 PMCID: PMC8569150 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02779-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous longitudinal imaging across multiple conditions and replicates has been crucial for scientific studies aiming to understand biological processes and disease. Yet, imaging systems capable of accomplishing these tasks are economically unattainable for most academic and teaching laboratories around the world. Here, we propose the Picroscope, which is the first low-cost system for simultaneous longitudinal biological imaging made primarily using off-the-shelf and 3D-printed materials. The Picroscope is compatible with standard 24-well cell culture plates and captures 3D z-stack image data. The Picroscope can be controlled remotely, allowing for automatic imaging with minimal intervention from the investigator. Here, we use this system in a range of applications. We gathered longitudinal whole organism image data for frogs, zebrafish, and planaria worms. We also gathered image data inside an incubator to observe 2D monolayers and 3D mammalian tissue culture models. Using this tool, we can measure the behavior of entire organisms or individual cells over long-time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria T Ly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Pierre V Baudin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Erik A Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Kateryna Voitiuk
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Yohei M Rosen
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Helen Rankin Willsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Gary L Mantalas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Spencer T Seiler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - John A Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sergio A Cordero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Jayden M Ross
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - David Haussler
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Sofie R Salama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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16
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Phillips M, Wheeler AC, Robinson MJ, Leppert V, Jia M, Rolandi M, Hirst LS, Amemiya CT. Colloidal structure and proton conductivity of the gel within the electrosensory organs of cartilaginous fishes. iScience 2021; 24:102947. [PMID: 34458698 PMCID: PMC8379299 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilaginous fishes possess gel-filled tubular sensory organs called Ampullae of Lorenzini (AoL) that are used to detect electric fields. Although recent studies have identified various components of AoL gel, it has remained unclear how the molecules are structurally arranged and how their structure influences the function of the organs. Here we describe the structure of AoL gel by microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering and infer that the material is colloidal in nature. To assess the relative function of the gel's protein constituents, we compared the microscopic structure, X-ray scattering, and proton conductivity properties of the gel before and after enzymatic digestion with a protease. We discovered that while proteins were largely responsible for conferring the viscous nature of the gel, their removal did not diminish proton conductivity. The findings lay the groundwork for more detailed studies into the specific interactions of molecules inside AoL gel at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Phillips
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Alauna C. Wheeler
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Matthew J. Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Valerie Leppert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Linda S. Hirst
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Chris T. Amemiya
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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17
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Montroni D, Leonard J, Rolandi M, Falini G. Morphology and organization of the internal shell of Ariolimax californicus (Gastropoda; Stylommatophora), an asymmetric two-face biomineralized matrix. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107764. [PMID: 34171489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A slug is a shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusk. During evolution, slugs have lost their mineralized external shell but some of them have retained an internal shell (IS). Unlike external shells, which have been widely investigated, the ISs have been poorly studied. We report for the first time the compositional and complete morphological characterization of Ariolimax californicus' IS. According to literature, this shell calcifies and decalcifies depending on the animal's needs. Its composition is mostly organic, consisting of proteins and β-chitin. The internal shell is organized in layers and membranes in which CaCO3 crystal formation occurs in specific areas. In the two faces of the IS we observed different morphologies and aggregations of calcite bio-crystals along with a different organization of the organic matrix. Dorsally, the mineral forms a thick layer composed of misaligned crystal aggregates of large dimensions, separated by thin organic layers. This suggests a protective purpose and the use of this layer as a long-term calcium storage system. Ventrally, the mineral phase is organized in small crystal aggregates of comparable size, separated by thin organic layers, and quite aligned one to the other. The whole ventral mineral layer is covered by a membrane, identified as the hypostracum. This face is proposed to be a short-term calcium storage system. In vitro crystallization experiments suggest massive calcium ions sequestration from the solution for the precipitation of calcite crystals inside the organic matrix. In conclusion, this research provides new information on the dynamic of biomineralization on mollusk evolved in calcium-poor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devis Montroni
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Janet Leonard
- Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNR-ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Jia M, Kim J, Nguyen T, Duong T, Rolandi M. Natural biopolymers as proton conductors in bioelectronics. Biopolymers 2021; 112:e23433. [PMID: 34022064 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices sense or deliver information at the interface between living systems and electronics by converting biological signals into electronic signals and vice-versa. Biological signals are typically carried by ions and small molecules. As such, ion conducting materials are ideal candidates in bioelectronics for an optimal interface. Among these materials, ion conducting polymers that are able to uptake water are particularly interesting because, in addition to ionic conductivity, their mechanical properties can closely match the ones of living tissue. In this review, we focus on a specific subset of ion-conducting polymers: proton (H+ ) conductors that are naturally derived. We first provide a brief introduction of the proton conduction mechanism, and then outline the chemical structure and properties of representative proton-conducting natural biopolymers: polysaccharides (chitosan and glycosaminoglycans), peptides and proteins, and melanin. We then highlight examples of using these biopolymers in bioelectronic devices. We conclude with current challenges and future prospects for broader use of natural biopolymers as proton conductors in bioelectronics and potential translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Thi Duong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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19
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Strauss MJ, Jia M, Evans AM, Castano I, Li RL, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Roesner EK, Swartz JL, Chavez AD, Enciso AE, Stoddart JF, Rolandi M, Dichtel WR. Diverse Proton-Conducting Nanotubes via a Tandem Macrocyclization and Assembly Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8145-8153. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Austin M. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ioannina Castano
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Emily K. Roesner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jeremy L. Swartz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D. Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alan E. Enciso
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - William R. Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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20
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Jia M, Rolandi M. Soft and Ion-Conducting Materials in Bioelectronics: From Conducting Polymers to Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901372. [PMID: 31976634 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronics devices that directly interface with cells and tissue have applications in neural and cardiac stimulation and recording, electroceuticals, and brain machine interfaces for prostheses. The interface between bioelectronic devices and biological tissue is inherently challenging due to the mismatch in both mechanical properties (hard vs soft) and charge carriers (electrons vs ions). In addition to conventional metals and silicon, new materials have bridged this interface, including conducting polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, as well as ion-conducting polymers and hydrogels. This review provides an update on advances in soft bioelectronic materials for current and future therapeutic applications. Specifically, this review focuses on soft materials that can conduct both electrons and ions, and also deliver drugs and small molecules. The future opportunities and emerging challenges in the field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Cruz CA 94064 USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Cruz CA 94064 USA
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21
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Guo QH, Jia M, Liu Z, Qiu Y, Chen H, Shen D, Zhang X, Tu Q, Ryder MR, Chen H, Li P, Xu Y, Li P, Chen Z, Shekhawat GS, Dravid VP, Snurr RQ, Philp D, Sue ACH, Farha OK, Rolandi M, Stoddart JF. Single-Crystal Polycationic Polymers Obtained by Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Photopolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6180-6187. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthew R. Ryder
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew C.-H. Sue
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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22
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Wu C, Selberg J, Nguyen B, Pansodtee P, Jia M, Dechiraju H, Teodorescu M, Rolandi M. A Microfluidic Ion Sensor Array. Small 2020; 16:e1906436. [PMID: 31965738 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A balanced concentration of ions is essential for biological processes to occur. For example, [H+ ] gradients power adenosine triphosphate synthesis, dynamic changes in [K+ ] and [Na+ ] create action potentials in neuronal communication, and [Cl- ] contributes to maintaining appropriate cell membrane voltage. Sensing ionic concentration is thus important for monitoring and regulating many biological processes. This work demonstrates an ion-selective microelectrode array that simultaneously and independently senses [K+ ], [Na+ ], and [Cl- ] in electrolyte solutions. To obtain ion specificity, the required ion-selective membranes are patterned using microfluidics. As a proof of concept, the change in ionic concentration is monitored during cell proliferation in a cell culture medium. This microelectrode array can easily be integrated in lab-on-a-chip approaches to physiology and biological research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Harika Dechiraju
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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23
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Levin M, Selberg J, Rolandi M. Endogenous Bioelectrics in Development, Cancer, and Regeneration: Drugs and Bioelectronic Devices as Electroceuticals for Regenerative Medicine. iScience 2019; 22:519-533. [PMID: 31837520 PMCID: PMC6920204 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major frontier in the post-genomic era is the investigation of the control of coordinated growth and three-dimensional form. Dynamic remodeling of complex organs in regulative embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer reveals that cells and tissues make decisions that implement complex anatomical outcomes. It is now essential to understand not only the genetics that specifies cellular hardware but also the physiological software that implements tissue-level plasticity and robust morphogenesis. Here, we review recent discoveries about the endogenous mechanisms of bioelectrical communication among non-neural cells that enables them to cooperate in vivo. We discuss important advances in bioelectronics, as well as computational and pharmacological tools that are enabling the taming of biophysical controls toward applications in regenerative medicine and synthetic bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - John Selberg
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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24
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Foley AR, Finn TS, Kung T, Hatami A, Lee HW, Jia M, Rolandi M, Raskatov JA. Trapping and Characterization of Nontoxic Aβ42 Aggregation Intermediates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3880-3887. [PMID: 31319029 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) 42 is an aggregation-prone peptide and the believed seminal etiological agent of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Intermediates of Aβ42 aggregation, commonly referred to as diffusible oligomers, are considered to be among the most toxic forms of the peptide. Here, we studied the effect of the age-related epimerization of Ser26 (i.e., S26s chiral edit) in Aβ42 and discovered that this subtle molecular change led to reduced fibril formation propensity. Surprisingly, the resultant soluble aggregates were nontoxic. To gain insight into the structural changes that occurred in the peptide upon S26s substitution, the system was probed using an array of biophysical and biochemical methods. These experiments consistently pointed to the stabilization of aggregation intermediates in the Aβ42-S26s system. To better understand the changes arising as a consequence of the S26s substitution, molecular level structural studies were performed. Using a combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- and density functional theory (DFT)-computational approach, we found that the S26s chiral edit induced only local structural changes in the Gly25-Ser26-Asn27 region. Interestingly, these subtle changes enabled the formation of an intramolecular Ser26-Asn27 H-bond, which disrupted the ability of Asn27 to engage in the fibrillogenic side chain-to-side chain H-bonding pattern. This reveals that intermolecular stabilizing interactions between Asn27 side chains are a key element controlling Aβ42 aggregation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R. Foley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Thomas S. Finn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Timothy Kung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Asa Hatami
- Sangamo Therapeutics, Richmond, California 94804, United States
| | - Hsiau-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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25
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Montroni D, Zhang X, Leonard J, Kaya M, Amemiya C, Falini G, Rolandi M. Structural characterization of the buccal mass of Ariolimax californicus (Gastropoda; Stylommatophora). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212249. [PMID: 31390363 PMCID: PMC6685607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological materials such as chiton tooth, squid beak, and byssal threads of bivalves have inspired the development of new technologies. To this end, we have characterized the acellular components in the buccal mass of the terrestrial slug Ariolimax californicus (banana slug). These components are the radula, the jaw, and the odontophore. In the radula, calcium-rich denticles are tightly interlocked one to the other on top of a nanofibrous chitin membrane. The jaw has a nanostructured morphology made of chitin to achieve compression resistance and is directly linked to the foregut cuticle, which has a protective nanofibrous structure. Finally, in the odontophore, we observed a structurally elastic microstructure that interfaces soft tissues with a highly stressed radula membrane. Based on those observations, we discuss the interaction between these components and highlight how the materials in these task-specific components have evolved. This structure-properties-function study of the A. californicus' buccal mass may aid in the design and fabrication of novel bioinspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devis Montroni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Departiment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Leonard
- Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Chris Amemiya
- School of Natural Science, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Departiment of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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26
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Strakosas X, Selberg J, Pansodtee P, Yonas N, Manapongpun P, Teodorescu M, Rolandi M. A non-enzymatic glucose sensor enabled by bioelectronic pH control. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10844. [PMID: 31350439 PMCID: PMC6659689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring from sweat and tears can improve the quality of life of diabetic patients and provide data for more accurate diagnosis and treatment. Current continuous glucose sensors use enzymes with a one-to-two week lifespan, which forces periodic replacement. Metal oxide sensors are an alternative to enzymatic sensors with a longer lifetime. However, metal oxide sensors do not operate in sweat and tears because they function at high pH (pH > 10), and sweat and tears are neutral (pH = 7). Here, we introduce a non-enzymatic metal oxide glucose sensor that functions in neutral fluids by electronically inducing a reversible and localized pH change. We demonstrate glucose monitoring at physiologically relevant levels in neutral fluids mimicking sweat, and wireless communication with a personal computer via an integrated circuit board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenofon Strakosas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Nebyu Yonas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pattawut Manapongpun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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27
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O’Mahony T, Petz J, Cook J, Cheng K, Rolandi M. The Design Help Desk: A collaborative approach to design education for scientists and engineers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212501. [PMID: 31042751 PMCID: PMC6493711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual design, learning sciences, and nanotechnology may be strange bedfellows; yet, as this paper highlights, peer interaction between a designer and a scientist is an effective method for helping scientists acquire visual design skills. We describe our findings from observing twelve sessions at the Design Help Desk, a tutoring center at the University of Washington. At each session, a scientist (who is expert in his own domain but a novice in design) consulted a designer (who is expert in design but a novice in science) in order to receive advice and guidance on how to improve a scientific visualization. At the Design Help Desk, this pairing consistently produced a momentary disequilibrium in the scientist's thought process: a disequilibrium that led to agency (where the scientist gained ownership of his/her own learning) and conceptual change in the scientist's understanding of visual design. Scientists who visited the Design Help Desk were satisfied with their experience, and their published work demonstrated an improved ability to visually communicate research findings-a skill critical to the advancement of science. To our knowledge, the Design Help Desk is a unique effort to educate scientists in visual design; we are not aware of any other design-advice/tutoring centers at public or private universities in the United States or abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O’Mahony
- Institute for Connecting Neuroscience with Teaching and Learning (iCNtl), Seattle, WA, United States of America
- LIFE (Learning in Informal and Formal Environments) Center, College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jason Petz
- Division of Design, School of Art + Art History + Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Cook
- Division of Design, School of Art + Art History + Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Karen Cheng
- Division of Design, School of Art + Art History + Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Institute for Connecting Neuroscience with Teaching and Learning (iCNtl), Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
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28
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Strakosas X, Selberg J, Zhang X, Christie N, Hsu P, Almutairi A, Rolandi M. A Bioelectronic Platform Modulates pH in Biologically Relevant Conditions. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1800935. [PMID: 30989015 PMCID: PMC6446605 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices that modulate pH can affect critical biological processes including enzymatic activity, oxidative phosphorylation, and neuronal excitability. A major challenge in controlling pH is the high buffering capacity of many biological media. To overcome this challenge, devices need to be able to store and deliver a large number of protons on demand. Here, a bioelectronic modulator that controls pH using palladium nanoparticles contacts with high surface area as a proton storage medium is developed. Reversible electronically triggered acidosis (low pH) and alkalosis (high pH) in physiologically relevant buffer conditions are achieved. As a proof of principle, this new platform is used to control the degradation and fluorescence of acid sensitive polymeric microparticles loaded with a pH sensitive fluorescent dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenofon Strakosas
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95064USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95064USA
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95064USA
| | - Noah Christie
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95064USA
| | - Peng‐Hao Hsu
- UCSD Center of ExcellenceDepartment of NanoEngineeringJacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA92093USA
| | - Adah Almutairi
- UCSD Center of ExcellenceDepartment of NanoEngineeringJacobs School of EngineeringUniversity of California San Diego9500 Gilman Dr.La JollaCA92093USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCA95064USA
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29
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Abstract
Proton conductivity is important in many natural phenomena including oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and archaea, uncoupling membrane potentials by the antibiotic Gramicidin, and proton actuated bioluminescence in dinoflagellate. In all of these phenomena, the conduction of protons occurs along chains of hydrogen bonds between water and hydrophilic residues. These chains of hydrogen bonds are also present in many hydrated biopolymers and macromolecule including collagen, keratin, chitosan, and various proteins such as reflectin. All of these materials are also proton conductors. Recently, our group has discovered that the jelly found in the Ampullae of Lorenzini- shark’s electro-sensing organs- is the highest naturally occurring proton conducting substance. The jelly has a complex composition, but we proposed that the conductivity is due to the glycosaminoglycan keratan sulfate (KS). Here we measure the proton conductivity of hydrated keratan sulfate purified from Bovine Cornea. PdHx contacts at 0.50 ± 0.11 mS cm -1, which is consistent to that of Ampullae of Lorenzini jelly at 2 ± 1 mS cm -1. Proton conductivity, albeit with lower values, is also shared by other glycosaminoglycans with similar chemical structures including dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate A, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. This observation supports the relationship between proton conductivity and the chemical structure of biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Selberg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Hemmatian Z, Tunuguntla RH, Noy A, Rolandi M. Electronic control of H+ current in a bioprotonic device with carbon nanotube porins. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212197. [PMID: 30794578 PMCID: PMC6386364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid biotic abiotic devices can be used to interface electronics with biological systems for novel therapies or to increase device functionality beyond silicon. Many strategies exist to merge the electronic and biological worlds, one dominated by electrons and holes as charge carriers, the other by ions. In the biological world, lipid bilayers and ion channels are essential to compartmentalize the cell machinery and regulate ionic fluxes across the cell membrane. Here, we demonstrate a bioelectronic device in which a lipid bilayer supported on H+-conducting Pd/PdHx contacts contains carbon nanotubes porin (CNTP) channels. This bioelectronic device uses CNTPs to control of H+ flow across the lipid bilayer with a voltage applied to the Pd/PdHx contacts. Potential applications of these devices include local pH sensing and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hemmatian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Ramya H. Tunuguntla
- Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Physics and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, United States of America
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Soto-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351750, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zahra Hemmatian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jennifer Black
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - François Baneyx
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351750, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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32
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Patel HA, Selberg J, Salah D, Chen H, Liao Y, Mohan Nalluri SK, Farha OK, Snurr RQ, Rolandi M, Stoddart JF. Proton Conduction in Tröger's Base-Linked Poly(crown ether)s. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:25303-25310. [PMID: 29869495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exactly 50 years ago, the ground-breaking discovery of dibenzo[18]crown-6 (DB18C6) by Charles Pedersen led to the use of DB18C6 as a receptor in supramolecular chemistry and a host in host-guest chemistry. We have demonstrated proton conductivity in Tröger's base-linked polymers through hydrogen-bonded networks formed from adsorbed water molecules on the oxygen atoms of DB18C6 under humid conditions. Tröger's base-linked polymers-poly(TBL-DB18C6)- t and poly(TBL-DB18C6)- c-synthesized by the in situ alkylation and cyclization of either trans- or cis-di(aminobenzo) [18]crown-6 at room temperature have been isolated as high-molecular-weight polymers. The macromolecular structures of the isomeric poly(TBL-DB18C6)s have been established by spectroscopic techniques and size-exclusion chromatography. The excellent solubility of these polymers in chloroform allows the formation of freestanding membranes, which are thermally stable and also show stability under aqueous conditions. The hydrophilic nature of the DB18C6 building blocks in the polymer facilitates retention of water as confirmed by water vapor adsorption isotherms, which show a 23 wt % water uptake. The adsorbed water is retained even after reducing the relative humidity to 25%. The proton conductivity of poly(TBL-DB18C6)- t, which is found to be 1.4 × 10-4 mS cm-1 in a humid environment, arises from the hydrogen bonding and the associated proton-hopping mechanism, as supported by a modeling study. In addition to proton conductivity, the Tröger's base-linked polymers reported here promise a wide range of applications where the sub-nanometer-sized cavities of the crown ethers and the robust film-forming ability are the governing factors in dictating their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical Engineering , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Dhafer Salah
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) , Riyadh 11442 , Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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Hemmatian Z, Jalilian E, Lee S, Strakosas X, Khademhosseini A, Almutairi A, Shin SR, Rolandi M. Delivery of Cargo with a Bioelectronic Trigger. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:21782-21787. [PMID: 29905062 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems exchange information often with chemical signals. Here, we demonstrate the chemical delivery of a fluorescent label using a bioelectronic trigger. Acid-sensitive microparticles release fluorescin diacetate upon low pH induced by a bioelectronic device. Cardiac fibroblast cells (CFs) uptake fluorescin diacetate, which transforms into fluorescein and emits a fluorescent signal. This proof-of-concept bioelectronic triggered delivery may be used in the future for real-time programming and control of cells and cell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hemmatian
- Department of Electrical Engineering , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Elmira Jalilian
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , University College London , London EC1V 9EL , United Kingdom
| | | | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Department of Electrical Engineering , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21569 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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Amit M, Roy S, Deng Y, Josberger E, Rolandi M, Ashkenasy N. Measuring Proton Currents of Bioinspired Materials with Metallic Contacts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:1933-1938. [PMID: 29265803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer at the interface between the active layer and the contact is essential in any device. Transfer of electronic charges across the contact/active layer interface with metal contacts is well-understood. To this end, noble metals, such as gold or platinum, are widely used. With these contacts, ionic currents (especially protonic) are often neglected because ions and protons do not transfer across the interface between the contact and the active layer. Palladium hydride contacts have emerged as good contacts to measure proton currents because of a reversible redox reaction at the interface and subsequent absorption/desorption of H into palladium, translating the proton flow reaching the interface into an electron flow at the outer circuit. Here, we demonstrate that gold and palladium contacts also collect proton currents, especially under high relative humidity conditions because of electrochemical reactions at the interface. A marked kinetic isotope effect, which is a signature of proton currents, is observed with gold and palladium contacts, indicating both bulk and contact processes involving proton transfer. These phenomena are attributed to electrochemical processes involving water splitting at the interface. In addition to promoting charge transfer at the interface, these interfacial electrochemical processes inject charge carriers into the active layer and hence can also modulate the bulk resistivity of the materials, as was found for the studied peptide fibril films. We conclude that proton currents may not be neglected a priori when performing electronic measurements on biological and bioinspired materials with gold and palladium contacts under high humidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yingxin Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Erik Josberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California , Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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35
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Dutta S, Foley AR, Warner CJA, Zhang X, Rolandi M, Abrams B, Raskatov JA. Suppression of Oligomer Formation and Formation of Non‐Toxic Fibrils upon Addition of Mirror‐Image Aβ42 to the Natural
l
‐Enantiomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Alejandro R. Foley
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Dept. of Biomolecular Engineering Life Sciences Microscopy Center UCSC 1156 High Street Santa Cruz 95064 CA USA
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36
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Dutta S, Foley AR, Warner CJA, Zhang X, Rolandi M, Abrams B, Raskatov JA. Suppression of Oligomer Formation and Formation of Non-Toxic Fibrils upon Addition of Mirror-Image Aβ42 to the Natural l-Enantiomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11506-11510. [PMID: 28682473 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Racemates often have lower solubility than enantiopure compounds, and the mixing of enantiomers can enhance the aggregation propensity of peptides. Amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 is an aggregation-prone peptide that is believed to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease. Soluble Aβ42 aggregation intermediates (oligomers) have emerged as being particularly neurotoxic. We hypothesized that the addition of mirror-image d-Aβ42 should reduce the concentration of toxic oligomers formed from natural l-Aβ42. We synthesized l- and D-Aβ42 and found their equimolar mixing to lead to accelerated fibril formation. Confocal microscopy with fluorescently labeled analogues of the enantiomers showed their colocalization in racemic fibrils. Owing to the enhanced fibril formation propensity, racemic Aβ42 was less prone to form soluble oligomers. This resulted in the protection of cells from the toxicity of l-Aβ42 at concentrations up to 50 μm. The mixing of Aβ42 enantiomers thus accelerates the formation of non-toxic fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro R Foley
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Abrams
- Dept. of Biomolecular Engineering, Life Sciences Microscopy Center, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, USA
| | - Jevgenij A Raskatov
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSC, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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37
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Strakosas X, Selberg J, Hemmatian Z, Rolandi M. Taking Electrons out of Bioelectronics: From Bioprotonic Transistors to Ion Channels. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1600527. [PMID: 28725527 PMCID: PMC5515233 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
From cell-to-cell communication to metabolic reactions, ions and protons (H+) play a central role in many biological processes. Examples of H+ in action include oxidative phosphorylation, acid sensitive ion channels, and pH dependent enzymatic reactions. To monitor and control biological reactions in biology and medicine, it is desirable to have electronic devices with ionic and protonic currents. Here, we summarize our latest efforts on bioprotonic devices that monitor and control a current of H+ in physiological conditions, and discuss future potential applications. Specifically, we describe the integration of these devices with enzymatic logic gates, bioluminescent reactions, and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenofon Strakosas
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCalifornia95064USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCalifornia95064USA
| | - Zahra Hemmatian
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCalifornia95064USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCalifornia95064USA
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38
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Abstract
Chitin nanofibers are the fundamental building blocks of numerous structural natural materials. From top-down to bottom-up, here we review engineering strategies to produce chitin nanofibers for engineered materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Cruz
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Cruz
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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39
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Hemmatian Z, Keene S, Josberger E, Miyake T, Arboleda C, Soto-Rodríguez J, Baneyx F, Rolandi M. Electronic control of H + current in a bioprotonic device with Gramicidin A and Alamethicin. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12981. [PMID: 27713411 PMCID: PMC5059763 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In biological systems, intercellular communication is mediated by membrane proteins and ion channels that regulate traffic of ions and small molecules across cell membranes. A bioelectronic device with ion channels that control ionic flow across a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) should therefore be ideal for interfacing with biological systems. Here, we demonstrate a biotic-abiotic bioprotonic device with Pd contacts that regulates proton (H+) flow across an SLB incorporating the ion channels Gramicidin A (gA) and Alamethicin (ALM). We model the device characteristics using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) solution to the Nernst-Planck equation for transport across the membrane. We derive the permeability for an SLB integrating gA and ALM and demonstrate pH control as a function of applied voltage and membrane permeability. This work opens the door to integrating more complex H+ channels at the Pd contact interface to produce responsive biotic-abiotic devices with increased functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hemmatian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Scott Keene
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Erik Josberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Takeo Miyake
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Carina Arboleda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Soto-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - François Baneyx
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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40
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Soto-Rodríguez J, Hemmatian Z, Josberger EE, Rolandi M, Baneyx F. A Palladium-Binding Deltarhodopsin for Light-Activated Conversion of Protonic to Electronic Currents. Adv Mater 2016; 28:6581-5. [PMID: 27185384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fusion of a palladium-binding peptide to an archaeal rhodopsin promotes intimate integration of the lipid-embedded membrane protein with a palladium hydride protonic contact. Devices fabricated with the palladium-binding deltarhodopsin enable light-activated conversion of protonic currents to electronic currents with on/off responses complete in seconds and a nearly tenfold increase in electrical signal relative to those made with the wild-type protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Hemmatian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Erik E Josberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - François Baneyx
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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41
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Jin J, Lee D, Im HG, Han YC, Jeong EG, Rolandi M, Choi KC, Bae BS. Chitin Nanofiber Transparent Paper for Flexible Green Electronics. Adv Mater 2016; 28:5169-75. [PMID: 27146562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A transparent paper made of chitin nanofibers (ChNF) is introduced and its utilization as a substrate for flexible organic light-emitting diodes is demonstrated. Given its promising macroscopic properties, biofriendly characteristics, and availability of the raw material, the utilization of the ChNF transparent paper as a structural platform for flexible green electronics is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Daewon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gyun Im
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Cheol Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Gyo Jeong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Kyung Cheol Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Soo Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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42
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Bihar E, Deng Y, Miyake T, Saadaoui M, Malliaras GG, Rolandi M. A Disposable paper breathalyzer with an alcohol sensing organic electrochemical transistor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27582. [PMID: 27291059 PMCID: PMC4904368 DOI: 10.1038/srep27582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breathalyzers estimate Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) from the concentration of ethanol in the breath. Breathalyzers are easy to use but are limited either by their high price and by environmental concerns, or by a short lifetime and the need for continuous recalibration. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept disposable breathalyzer using an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) modified with alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as the sensor. The OECT is made with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and is printed on paper. ADH and its cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) are immobilized onto the OECT with an electrolyte gel. When the OECT-breathalyzer is exposed to ethanol vapor, the enzymatic reaction of ADH and ethanol transforms NAD+ into NADH, which causes a decrease in the OECT source drain current. In this fashion, the OECT-breathalyzer easily detects ethanol in the breath equivalent to BAC from 0.01% to 0.2%. The use of a printed OECT may contribute to the development of breathalyzers that are disposable, ecofriendly, and integrated with wearable devices for real-time BAC monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloїse Bihar
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France.,Microvitae Technologies, Hôtel Technologique, Europarc Sainte Victoire, Route de Valbrillant, Meyreuil, 13590, France.,Department of Flexible Electronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - Yingxin Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Takeo Miyake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Mohamed Saadaoui
- Department of Flexible Electronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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43
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Josberger EE, Hassanzadeh P, Deng Y, Sohn J, Rego MJ, Amemiya CT, Rolandi M. Proton conductivity in ampullae of Lorenzini jelly. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1600112. [PMID: 27386543 PMCID: PMC4928922 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In 1678, Stefano Lorenzini first described a network of organs of unknown function in the torpedo ray-the ampullae of Lorenzini (AoL). An individual ampulla consists of a pore on the skin that is open to the environment, a canal containing a jelly and leading to an alveolus with a series of electrosensing cells. The role of the AoL remained a mystery for almost 300 years until research demonstrated that skates, sharks, and rays detect very weak electric fields produced by a potential prey. The AoL jelly likely contributes to this electrosensing function, yet the exact details of this contribution remain unclear. We measure the proton conductivity of the AoL jelly extracted from skates and sharks. The room-temperature proton conductivity of the AoL jelly is very high at 2 ± 1 mS/cm. This conductivity is only 40-fold lower than the current state-of-the-art proton-conducting polymer Nafion, and it is the highest reported for a biological material so far. We suggest that keratan sulfate, identified previously in the AoL jelly and confirmed here, may contribute to the high proton conductivity of the AoL jelly with its sulfate groups-acid groups and proton donors. We hope that the observed high proton conductivity of the AoL jelly may contribute to future studies of the AoL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik E. Josberger
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Pegah Hassanzadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Yingxin Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joel Sohn
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Chris T. Amemiya
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Corresponding author.
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44
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Hassanzadeh P, Kazemzadeh-Narbat M, Rosenzweig R, Zhang X, Khademhosseini A, Annabi N, Rolandi M. Ultrastrong and Flexible Hybrid Hydrogels based on Solution Self-Assembly of Chitin Nanofibers in Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA). J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2539-2543. [PMID: 27453781 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00021e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate ultrastrong and flexible hydrogels by self-assembling chitin nanofiber in the presence of gelatin methacryloyl. We tune the mechanical properties of the hydrogel with chitin nanofiber content and show proof-of-concept applications in engineering vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hassanzadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA) ; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (USA)
| | - M Kazemzadeh-Narbat
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139 (USA) ; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - R Rosenzweig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA)
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA) ; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (USA)
| | - A Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139 (USA) ; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA) ; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 (USA) ; Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea ; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Annabi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139 (USA) ; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - M Rolandi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (USA) ; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (USA)
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Abstract
In 1804, Theodore von Grotthuss proposed a mechanism for proton (H(+)) transport between water molecules that involves the exchange of a covalent bond between H and O with a hydrogen bond. This mechanism also supports the transport of OH(-) as a proton hole and is essential in explaining proton transport in intramembrane proton channels. Inspired by the Grotthuss mechanism and its similarity to electron and hole transport in semiconductors, we have developed semiconductor type devices that are able to control and monitor a current of H(+) as well as OH(-) in hydrated biopolymers. In this topical review, we revisit these devices that include protonic diodes, complementary, transistors, memories and transducers as well as a phenomenological description of their behavior that is analogous to electronic semiconductor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Miyake
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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46
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Zhang X, Hassanzadeh P, Miyake T, Jin J, Rolandi M. Squid beak inspired water processable chitosan composites with tunable mechanical properties. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2273-2279. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00106h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By modulating the degree of cross-linking, this lightweight composite can be tuned with a range of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Cruz
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Pegah Hassanzadeh
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Cruz
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Takeo Miyake
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Cruz
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Jungho Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- University of California
- Santa Cruz
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Cheng
- School of Art, Art History of Design at the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195
| | - Brett A. Helms
- The Molecular Foundry; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley California 94720
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Washington; Seattle Washington 98195
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rolandi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
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Josberger EE, Deng Y, Sun W, Kautz R, Rolandi M. Two-terminal protonic devices with synaptic-like short-term depression and device memory. Adv Mater 2014; 26:4986-4990. [PMID: 24789251 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-terminal protonic devices with PdHx proton conducting contacts and a Nafion channel achieve 25 ms spiking, short term depression, and low-energy memory switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik E Josberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
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