1
|
Marquez G, Dechiraju H, Baniya P, Li H, Tebyani M, Pansodtee P, Jafari M, Barbee A, Orozco J, Teodorescu M, Rolandi M, Gomez M. Delivering biochemicals with precision using bioelectronic devices enhanced with feedback control. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298286. [PMID: 38743674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine endeavors to personalize treatments, considering individual variations in patient responses based on factors like genetic mutations, age, and diet. Integrating this approach dynamically, bioelectronics equipped with real-time sensing and intelligent actuation present a promising avenue. Devices such as ion pumps hold potential for precise therapeutic drug delivery, a pivotal aspect of effective precision medicine. However, implementing bioelectronic devices in precision medicine encounters formidable challenges. Variability in device performance due to fabrication inconsistencies and operational limitations, including voltage saturation, presents significant hurdles. To address this, closed-loop control with adaptive capabilities and explicit handling of saturation becomes imperative. Our research introduces an enhanced sliding mode controller capable of managing saturation, adept at satisfactory control actions amidst model uncertainties. To evaluate the controller's effectiveness, we conducted in silico experiments using an extended mathematical model of the proton pump. Subsequently, we compared the performance of our developed controller with classical Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and machine learning (ML)-based controllers. Furthermore, in vitro experiments assessed the controller's efficacy using various reference signals for controlled Fluoxetine delivery. These experiments showcased consistent performance across diverse input signals, maintaining the current value near the reference with a relative error of less than 7% in all trials. Our findings underscore the potential of the developed controller to address challenges in bioelectronic device implementation, offering reliable precision in drug delivery strategies within the realm of precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Marquez
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Harika Dechiraju
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Prabhat Baniya
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Houpu Li
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Maryam Tebyani
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Jafari
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA, United States of America
| | - Alexie Barbee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Orozco
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baniya P, Tebyani M, Asefifeyzabadi N, Nguyen T, Hernandez C, Zhu K, Li H, Selberg J, Hsieh HC, Pansodtee P, Yang HY, Recendez C, Keller G, Hee WS, Aslankoohi E, Isseroff RR, Zhao M, Gomez M, Rolandi M, Teodorescu M. A system for bioelectronic delivery of treatment directed toward wound healing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14766. [PMID: 37679425 PMCID: PMC10485133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of wearable bioelectronic systems is a promising approach for optimal delivery of therapeutic treatments. These systems can provide continuous delivery of ions, charged biomolecules, and an electric field for various medical applications. However, rapid prototyping of wearable bioelectronic systems for controlled delivery of specific treatments with a scalable fabrication process is challenging. We present a wearable bioelectronic system comprised of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) device cast in customizable 3D printed molds and a printed circuit board (PCB), which employs commercially available engineering components and tools throughout design and fabrication. The system, featuring solution-filled reservoirs, embedded electrodes, and hydrogel-filled capillary tubing, is assembled modularly. The PDMS and PCB both contain matching through-holes designed to hold metallic contact posts coated with silver epoxy, allowing for mechanical and electrical integration. This assembly scheme allows us to interchange subsystem components, such as various PCB designs and reservoir solutions. We present three PCB designs: a wired version and two battery-powered versions with and without onboard memory. The wired design uses an external voltage controller for device actuation. The battery-powered PCB design uses a microcontroller unit to enable pre-programmed applied voltages and deep sleep mode to prolong battery run time. Finally, the battery-powered PCB with onboard memory is developed to record delivered currents, which enables us to verify treatment dose delivered. To demonstrate the functionality of the platform, the devices are used to deliver H[Formula: see text] in vivo using mouse models and fluoxetine ex vivo using a simulated wound environment. Immunohistochemistry staining shows an improvement of 35.86% in the M1/M2 ratio of H[Formula: see text]-treated wounds compared with control wounds, indicating the potential of the platform to improve wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Baniya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Maryam Tebyani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Narges Asefifeyzabadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Tiffany Nguyen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Cristian Hernandez
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Houpu Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - John Selberg
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Hao-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Pattawong Pansodtee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Cynthia Recendez
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Gordon Keller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Wan Shen Hee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Elham Aslankoohi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tebyani M, Spaeth A, Cramer N, Teodorescu M. A Geometric Kinematic Model for Flexible Voxel-Based Robots. Soft Robot 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/soro.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tebyani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Alex Spaeth
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | | | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spaeth A, Tebyani M, Haussler D, Teodorescu M. Spiking neural state machine for gait frequency entrainment in a flexible modular robot. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240267. [PMID: 33085673 PMCID: PMC7577446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a modular architecture for neuromorphic closed-loop control based on bistable relaxation oscillator modules consisting of three spiking neurons each. Like its biological prototypes, this basic component is robust to parameter variation but can be modulated by external inputs. By combining these modules, we can construct a neural state machine capable of generating the cyclic or repetitive behaviors necessary for legged locomotion. A concrete case study for the approach is provided by a modular robot constructed from flexible plastic volumetric pixels, in which we produce a forward crawling gait entrained to the natural frequency of the robot by a minimal system of twelve neurons organized into four modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Spaeth
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Maryam Tebyani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - David Haussler
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Mircea Teodorescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|