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Tauchert SR, Volkov M, Ehberger D, Kazenwadel D, Evers M, Lange H, Donges A, Book A, Kreuzpaintner W, Nowak U, Baum P. Polarized phonons carry angular momentum in ultrafast demagnetization. Nature 2022; 602:73-77. [PMID: 35110761 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic phenomena are ubiquitous in nature and indispensable for modern science and technology, but it is notoriously difficult to change the magnetic order of a material in a rapid way. However, if a thin nickel film is subjected to ultrashort laser pulses, it loses its magnetic order almost completely within femtosecond timescales1. This phenomenon is widespread2-7 and offers opportunities for rapid information processing8-11 or ultrafast spintronics at frequencies approaching those of light8,9,12. Consequently, the physics of ultrafast demagnetization is central to modern materials research1-7,13-28, but a crucial question has remained elusive: if a material loses its magnetization within mere femtoseconds, where is the missing angular momentum in such a short time? Here we use ultrafast electron diffraction to reveal in nickel an almost instantaneous, long-lasting, non-equilibrium population of anisotropic high-frequency phonons that appear within 150-750 fs. The anisotropy plane is perpendicular to the direction of the initial magnetization and the atomic oscillation amplitude is 2 pm. We explain these observations by means of circularly polarized phonons that quickly absorb the angular momentum of the spin system before macroscopic sample rotation. The time that is needed for demagnetization is related to the time it takes to accelerate the atoms. These results provide an atomistic picture of the Einstein-de Haas effect and signify the general importance of polarized phonons for non-equilibrium dynamics and phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Tauchert
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - M Volkov
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - D Ehberger
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - D Kazenwadel
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - M Evers
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - H Lange
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Donges
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - A Book
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department E21, Garching, Germany
| | - W Kreuzpaintner
- Technische Universität München, Physik-Department E21, Garching, Germany.,Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, China
| | - U Nowak
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany
| | - P Baum
- Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Physik, Konstanz, Germany. .,Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching, Germany.
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Bruckner H, Hirschfeld A, DeJager R, Bassali F, Gurell D, Nghiem V, Dusowitz E, Distenfeld S, Schwartz M, Book A. Blood Tests Predict Safe Survival of Elderly with Resistant GI Cancers. J Geriatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(21)00427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Calvert A, Vandrevala T, Parsons R, Barber V, Book A, Book G, Carrington D, Greening V, Griffiths P, Hake D, Khalil A, Luck S, Montague A, Star C, Ster IC, Wood S, Heath PT, Jones CE. Changing knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards cytomegalovirus in pregnancy through film-based antenatal education: a feasibility randomised controlled trial of a digital educational intervention. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:565. [PMID: 34407771 PMCID: PMC8375137 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital infection globally, however information about CMV is not routinely included in antenatal education in the United Kingdom. This feasibility study aimed to gather the essential data needed to design and power a large randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the efficacy of a digital intervention in reducing the risk of CMV acquisition in pregnancy. In order to do this, we carried out a single-centre RCT, which explored the knowledge, attitudes and risk reduction behaviours in women in the intervention and treatment as usual groups, pre- and post-intervention. METHODS CMV seronegative women living with a child less than four years old, receiving antenatal care at a single UK tertiary centre, were randomised to the digital intervention or 'treatment as usual' groups. Participants completed questionnaires before the digital intervention and after and at 34 gestational weeks, and responses within groups and between groups were compared using tailored randomisation tests. CMV serology was tested in the first trimester and at the end of pregnancy. RESULTS Of the 878 women screened, 865 samples were analysed with 43% (n = 372) being CMV seronegative and therefore eligible to take part in the RCT; of these, 103 (27.7%) women were enrolled and 87 (84%) of these completed the study. Most participants (n = 66; 64%) were unfamiliar with CMV at enrolment, however at 34 gestational weeks, women in the intervention group (n = 51) were more knowledgeable about CMV compared to the treatment as usual group (n = 52) and reported engaging in activities that may increase the risk of CMV transmission less frequently. The digital intervention was highly acceptable to pregnant women. Overall, four participants seroconverted over the course of the study: two from each study group. CONCLUSIONS A large multi-centre RCT investigating the efficacy of a CMV digital intervention is feasible in the United Kingdom; this study has generated essential data upon which to power such a study. This single-centre feasibility RCT demonstrates that a digital educational intervention is associated with increase in knowledge about CMV and can result in behaviour change which may reduce the risk of CMV acquisition in pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03511274 , Registered 27.04.18, http://www.Clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Calvert
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Tushna Vandrevala
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston-Upon-Thames, UK
| | - Robin Parsons
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Victoria Barber
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston-Upon-Thames, UK
| | - Alex Book
- Parent Caring for a Child With Congenital CMV Infection, London, UK
| | - Gayle Book
- Parent Caring for a Child With Congenital CMV Infection, London, UK
| | - David Carrington
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Greening
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Griffiths
- University College London, Medical School, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Danielle Hake
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Asma Khalil
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Luck
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Kingston-Upon-Thames, UK
| | - Amy Montague
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston-Upon-Thames, UK
| | | | - Irina Chis Ster
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul T Heath
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christine E Jones
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, and NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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Bruckner H, Hirschfeld A, De Jager R, Bassali F, Gurell D, Nghiem V, Book A, Distenfeld S, Weinberger N. MODERATE DOSE SEQUENTIAL CHEMOTHERAPY (CT) ALGORITHMS (ALGOS) FOR THE ELDERLY WITH AND WITHOUT RESISTANT CANCERS (R-C). J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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De Jager R, Bruckner H, Hirschfeld A, Gurell D, Nghiem V, Book A, Distenfeld S, Weinberger N. MODERATE SEQUENTIAL THIRD- TO FOURTH-LINE CHEMOTHERAPY (CT) ALGORITHMS (ALGO) FOR THE ELDERLY WITH RESISTANT COLORECTAL CANCER (R-CRC). J Geriatr Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1879-4068(19)31196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The current article is an experience report on the establishment of an ENT clinic in Asmara/Eritrea and the organization of regular work stays for the further education of local colleagues. Objectives of the project are content and structural support for self-help and thus achievement of sustainable development aid, which benefits both the medical development of the country and the care of the local patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jungehülsing
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann gGmbH, Charlottenstr. 72, 14467, Potsdam, Deutschland.
| | - U Markmiller
- Plastische und ästhetische Chirurgie am Untermain, Aschaffenburg, Deutschland
| | - U Schröder
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig - Holstein, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - A Book
- Evangelisches Krankenhaus Hubertus, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - A Teclu
- ENT Clinic, Orotta Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - E Stennert
- Emeritus Univ.-Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland
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Frosina P, Logue M, Book A, Huizinga T, Amos S, Stark S. The effect of cognitive load on nonverbal behavior in the cognitive interview for suspects. Personality and Individual Differences 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Book A, Fehlandt C, Krija M, Radke M, Pappert D. [Methemoglobin intoxication by prilocaine in EMLA. Accidental intoxication of an infant with scald injuries]. Anaesthesist 2009; 58:370-4. [PMID: 19212728 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-009-1512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The case of an infant who had received EMLA(R) for local pain therapy after scalding to 5% of the body surface with boiling water is reported. Due to the application of EMLA(R) on the injured skin and exceeding the recommended doses of prilocaine and lidocaine the child developed symptomatic methemoglobinemia. During surgical wound dressing the boy showed cyanosis, decreased peripheral oxygen saturation and potentially suffered a general seizure. With a symptomatic therapy including mechanical ventilation and anticonvulsive drugs the methemoglobinemia normalized within 9 h. The child recovered without any neurological impairment after wound treatment was completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Book
- Zentrum für Anästhesie, Intensivtherapie und OP-Management, Klinikum Ernst von Bergmann, Charlottenstr.72, 14467 Potsdam, Deutschland.
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Abounader R, Ranganathan S, Lal B, Fielding K, Book A, Dietz H, Burger P, Laterra J. Erratum: Reversion of Human Glioblastoma Malignancy by U1 Small Nuclear RNA/Ribozyme Targeting of Scatter Factor/Hepatocyte Growth Factor and c-met Expression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jnci.a024155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abounader R, Ranganathan S, Lal B, Fielding K, Book A, Dietz H, Burger P, Laterra J. Reversion of human glioblastoma malignancy by U1 small nuclear RNA/ribozyme targeting of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor and c-met expression. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:1548-56. [PMID: 10491431 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.18.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of scatter factor (SF), also known as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and its receptor, c-met, is often associated with malignant progression of human tumors, including gliomas. Overexpression of SF/HGF in experimental gliomas enhances tumorigenicity and tumor-associated angiogenesis (i.e., growth of new blood vessels). However, the role of endogenous SF/HGF or c-met expression in the malignant progression of gliomas has not been examined directly. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that human glioblastomas can be SF/HGF-c-met dependent and that a reduction in endogenous SF/HGF or c-met expression can lead to inhibition of tumor growth and tumorigenicity. METHODS Expression of the SF/HGF and c-met genes was inhibited by transfecting glioblastoma cells with chimeric transgenes consisting of U1 small nuclear RNA, a hammerhead ribozyme, and antisense sequences. The effects of reduced SF/HGF and c-met expression on 1) SF/HGF-dependent induction of immediate early genes (c-fos and c-jun), indicative of signal transduction; 2) anchorage-independent colony formation (clonogenicity), an in vitro correlate of solid tumor malignancy; and 3) intracranial tumor formation in immunodeficient mice were quantified. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Introduction of the transgenes into glioblastoma cells reduced expression of the SF/HGF and c-met genes to as little as 2% of control cell levels. Reduction in c-met expression specifically inhibited SF/HGF-dependent signal transduction (P<.01). Inhibition of SF/HGF or c-met expression in glioblastoma cells possessing an SF/HGF-c-met autocrine loop reduced tumor cell clonogenicity (P =.005 for SF/HGF and P=.009 for c-met) and substantially inhibited tumorigenicity (P<.0001) and tumor growth in vivo (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first successful inhibition of SF/HGF and c-met expression in a tumor model directly demonstrating a role for endogenous SF/HGF and c-met in human glioblastoma. Our results suggest that targeting the SF/HGF-c-met signaling pathway may be an important approach in controlling tumor progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Division
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genetic Therapy
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Glioblastoma/therapy
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/therapeutic use
- RNA, Catalytic/genetics
- RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- RNA, Small Nuclear/genetics
- RNA, Small Nuclear/therapeutic use
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abounader
- Department of Neuroscience and Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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