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Shalaby AS, Eid HH, El-Shiekh RA, Youssef FS, Al-Karmalawy AA, Farag NA, Sleem AA, Morsy FA, Ibrahim KM, Tadros SH. A Comparative GC/MS Analysis of Citrus Essential Oils: Unveiling the Potential Benefits of Herb-Drug Interactions in Preventing Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300778. [PMID: 37599265 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to test the potential of Citrus oils in protecting against paracetamol (PAR)-induced hepatotoxicity. The essential oils of Pineapple sweet orange (OO), Murcott mandarin (MO), Red grapefruit (GO), and Oval kumquat (KO) were investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-seven compounds were identified, with monoterpene hydrocarbons being abundant class. d-Limonene had the highest percentage (92.98 %, 92.82 %, 89.75 %, and 94.46 % in OO, MO, GO, and KO, respectively). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that octanal, linalool, germacrene D, and d-limonene were the principal discriminatory metabolites that segregated the samples into three distinct clusters. In vitro antioxidant capacities were ranged from 1.2-12.27, 1.79-5.91, and 235.05-585.28 μM Trolox eq/mg oil for 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic (ABTS), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), respectively. In vivo, citrus oils exhibited a significant reduction in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and nitric oxide (NO). Additionally, there was an increase in glutathione reductase (GSH), and the liver architecture was nearly normal. Molecular docking revealed that d-limonene exhibited a good inhibitory interaction with cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms 1A2, 3A4, and 2E1, with binding energies of -6.17, -4.51, and -5.61 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya S Shalaby
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Eid
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, 34518, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza, 12566, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Fatma Adly Morsy
- Pathology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Soad H Tadros
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Shalaby AS, Eid HH, El-Shiekh RA, Mohamed OG, Tripathi A, Al-Karmalawy AA, Sleem AA, Morsy FA, Ibrahim KM, Tadros SH, Youssef FS. Taming Food-Drug Interaction Risk: Potential Inhibitory Effects of Citrus Juices on Cytochrome Liver Enzymes Can Safeguard the Liver from Overdose Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity. ACS Omega 2023; 8:26444-26457. [PMID: 37521669 PMCID: PMC10373174 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity worldwide. Because of N-acetyl cysteine's limited therapeutic efficacy and safety, searching for alternative therapeutic substitutes is necessary. This study investigated four citrus juices: Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck var. Pineapple (pineapple sweet orange), Citrus reticulata Blanco × Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (Murcott mandarin), Citrus paradisi Macfadyen var. Ruby Red (red grapefruit), and Fortunella margarita Swingle (oval kumquat) to improve the herbal therapy against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS profiling of the investigated samples resulted in the identification of about 40 metabolites belonging to different phytochemical classes. Phenolic compounds were the most abundant, with the total content ranked from 609.18 to 1093.26 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL juice. The multivariate data analysis revealed that phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, 2-O-rhamnosyl-swertisin, fortunellin (acacetin-7-O-neohesperidoside), sinensetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin represented the crucial discriminatory metabolites that segregated the analyzed samples. Nevertheless, the antioxidant activity of the samples was 1135.91-2913.92 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, 718.95-3749.47 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, and 2304.74-4390.32 μM Trolox eq/mL juice, as revealed from 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity, respectively. The in vivo paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats was established and assessed by measuring the levels of hepatic enzymes and antioxidant biomarkers. Interestingly, the concomitant administration of citrus juices with a toxic dose of paracetamol effectively recovered the liver injury, as confirmed by normal sections of hepatocytes. This action could be due to the interactions between the major identified metabolites (hesperidin, hesperetin, phloretin 3',5'-di-C-glucoside, fortunellin, poncirin, nobiletin, apigenin-6,8-digalactoside, 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin, naringenin, and naringin) and cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP3A4, CYP2E1, and CYP1A2), as revealed from the molecular docking study. The most promising compounds in the three docking processes were hesperidin, fortunellin, poncirin, and naringin. Finally, a desirable food-drug interaction was achieved in our research to overcome paracetamol overdose-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya S. Shalaby
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H. Eid
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Natural
Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural
Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Pharmacology
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Fatma Adly Morsy
- Pathology
Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Ibrahim
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Soad H. Tadros
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Fadia S. Youssef
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OME, Sayed MAEBM, Omara EA, Sleem AA. Cardioprotection by methylene Blue Against Epinephrine-Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias and Myocardial Injury. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE 2023; 20:64-72. [DOI: 10.37394/23208.2023.20.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Methylene blue is used in the treatment of vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery, anaphylaxis, and septic shock refractory to epinephrine and fluid resuscitation. In this study, we investigated the potential protective effect of methylene blue on the development of cardiac arrhythmias after injection of epinephrine in rats. Methylene blue was given intraperitoneally at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg. Cardiac arrhythmia was then induced with 10 μg/kg of epinephrine intravenously. In untreated, control rats, epinephrine caused bradycardia (96.48 ± 1.06 vs. 365.03 ± 0.68 beats/min), increased PR interval (0.54 ± 0.04 vs. 0.039 ± 0.004), RR interval (0.64 ± 0.003 vs. 0.16 ± 0.004 sec), shortened QTc interval (0.067 ± 0.05 vs. 0.1 ± 0.004 sec), increased QRS duration (0.048 ± 0.005 vs. 0.028 ± 0.002 sec), decreased R wave amplitude (0.3 ± 0.03 vs. 0.49 ± 0.04 mv), decreased the height of the ST segment (-0.0696 ± 0.004 vs. -0.0054 ± 0.003 mv), and caused ventricular extrasystoles (7.92 ± 0.56 vs. 0.5 ± 0.5). Methylene blue given at 50 or 100 mg/kg increased the heart rate, decreased RR interval, QRS duration and the drop in the ST height, increased duration of QTc interval and R wave amplitude and decreased the number of extrasystoles. The histological study showed that methylene blue protected against myocardial structural disorganization, cellular damage, necrosis, and haemorrhage between muscle fibres induced by epinephrine injection. We conclude that methylene blue dose-dependently prevented epinephrine-induced arrhythmias and cardiac muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | | | - Enayat A Omara
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, EGYPT
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Abdel-Salam OM, Mohamed Sayed MAEB, A. Omara E, A. Sleem A. The Protection by Vitamin E Against Tramadol-Induced Proconvulsant Effects and Brain Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats. J Neurol Epidemiol 2023; 8:1-10. [DOI: 10.12974/2309-6179.2023.08.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the opioid analgesic tramadol on the development of epileptic seizures and neuronal injury and the possible modulatory effect of vitamin E (Vit E) in rats with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced status epilepticus. Rats received repeated intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of PTZ till the development of status epilepticus and were pretreated once with tramadol (30, 60 or 90 mg/kg), vitamin E (Vit E, 70 mg/kg) or both tramadol (90 mg/kg) and Vit E (70 mg/kg) prior to starting PTZ injections. Seizure scores, the latency time and the PTZ dose for each group required to reach status epilepticus were determined and histopathological examination of the brain tissue was done. Results indicated that tramadol produced both anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects. The anticonvulsant effects of tramadol were observed for facial twitching (stage 1), convulsive body waves (stage 2), and myoclonic jerks and rearing (stage 3) and turn over onto one side position (stage 4) that were significantly inhibited by tramadol. In contrast, tonic-clonic convulsions (stage 5) were significantly increased by 60 or 90 mg/kg of tramadol as compared to PTZ control group. The mean latency and PTZ threshold dose for status epilepticus were markedly decreased after tramadol. The administration of Vit E exerted beneficial effects in decreasing epilepsy scores and increasing both the latency time and threshold dose of PTZ for reaching status epilepticus. Meanwhile, rats treated with both tramadol and Vit E exhibited significant increase in tonic-clonic convulsions and markedly shortened latency time to reach status epilepticus compared to those treated with only Vit E. In cerebral cortex and hippocampus, PTZ resulted in apoptotic cells, darkly stained degenerated and vacuolated neurons and gliosis. These pathological changes increased after tramadol but were markedly reduced by Vit E treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that: (i) tramadol exerts both anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects; (ii) tramadol shortened the latency time and decreased the threshold dose of PTZ for evoking status epilepticus; (iii) PTZ-induced seizures and brain damage can be inhibited by Vit E; (iv) tramadol at high doses interferes with the effect of Vit E in inhibiting tonic-clonic convulsions and in reducing brain damage.
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El-Feky A, El Sawi S, Aly H, Sleem AA, eL Batanony M. Potential therapeutic effects of isolated polysaccharides from some edible plant wastes: Characterization and bioactivities. Egypt J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.21608/ejchem.2022.153901.6660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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El-Hawary SS, Mubarek MM, Lotfy RA, Sleem AA, Okba MM. In vivo antidiabetic potential of standardized Gymnocarpos decandrus Forssk. Extract. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1129-1135. [PMID: 34900766 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Gymnocarpos decandrus (Caryophyllaceae) is a well-known wild plant used as a food for grazing animals. Recently it showed potent antidiabetic potential beside its established anti-inflammatory, analgesic and diuretic activities. G. decandrus antidiabetic potential was reported through in-vitro models and resulted in promising α-amylase, α-glucosidase and antiviral Coxsackie B4 inhibitory activities; however no in-vivo studies were conducted. Purpose This study aims to examine Gymnocarpos decandrus ethanol extract (GDEE) safety and to evaluate its in vivo antidiabetic potential. Method Adult albino rats were injected intraperitoneally with alloxan to induce diabetes mellitus and the glucose level was measured after two and four weeks against metformin as a standard drug. Additionally, GDEE characterization and standardization were carried out. Results GDEE LD50 was up to 5.8 mg/kg and exhibited significant antidiabetic activity 77.17% comparable to the standard drug metformin. Its total phenolics, and flavonoids amounted 127.2 ± 0.23 and 85.5 ± 0.21 mg/g respectively. Vitexin was used as a marker compound for GDEE (140.70 mg/100 gm). Conclusion This study represents the sole in vivo scientific validation of G. decandrus recently documented in vitro antidiabetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Ainy, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Mubarek
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Matariya, 11753 Egypt
| | - Rehab A Lotfy
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Matariya, 11753 Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mona M Okba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Ainy, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
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Youssef FS, Labib RM, Sleem AA, Meselhy KM. Discrimination of
Vitis vinifera
varieties using DNA fingerprinting and NMR coupled with chemometrics and their impact on the efficacy of fluoxetine and indomethacin in vivo. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fadia S. Youssef
- Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Rola M. Labib
- Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Pharmacology Department National Research Center Giza Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Meselhy
- Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University Cairo Egypt
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Montaser AS, Jlassi K, Ramadan MA, Sleem AA, Attia MF. Alginate, gelatin, and carboxymethyl cellulose coated nonwoven fabrics containing antimicrobial AgNPs for skin wound healing in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:203-210. [PMID: 33484799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonwoven fabrics containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely utilized to assist management of infected wounds and those at risk of infection. However, such materials have varied responses due to their chemical nature. Herein we investigated the correlation between the concentration of AgNPs taken up by nonwoven viscose material and antibacterial activity in a simulated wound fluid model against two bacterial models (i.e., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Thereafter, the developed nonwoven viscose containing AgNPs were independently coated with two polyacid carbohydrate polymers (i.e., carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCs), alginate (ALG)), and gelatin (GEL) protein in order to study their influence on the physical and biological attributes in vitro and in vivo. Intensive characterizations were utilized to monitor the physicochemical features of the developed nonwoven viscose. The results demonstrated that higher concentrations of AgNPs were taken up by viscose fabric whilewhile increasing AgNPs in the colloidal solution during padding process. Overall, the treated nonwoven fabric with and without polymers' coatings showed remarkable antibacterial activity against two bacterial models in vitro. As well as they achieved high and speed wound recovery in rats which was almost similar to commercial dermazin treatment. Therefore, it validates excellent nonwoven dressing clinically relevant to the wound type and condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Montaser
- Pretreatment and Finishing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Khouloud Jlassi
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Ramadan
- Pretreatment and Finishing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Pharmacological Department, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Attia
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Abdel-Salam OM, Youssef Morsy SM, Youness ER, Yassen NN, Sleem AA. The effect of low dose amphetamine in rotenone-induced toxicity in a mice model of Parkinson's disease. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2020; 23:1207-1217. [PMID: 32963743 PMCID: PMC7491496 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.45175.10524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of low dose amphetamine on oxidative stress and rotenone-induced neurotoxicity and liver injury were examined in vivo in a mice model of Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male mice were treated with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, every other day for two weeks, subcutaneously). Mice received either the vehicle or amphetamine intraperitoneally at doses of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg. Oxidative stress was assessed by measurement of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity in the brain and liver. In addition, brain concentrations of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and tyrosine hydroxylase were determined and histopathology and Bax/Bcl-2 immunohistochemistry were performed. RESULTS The levels of lipid peroxidation and NO were increased and TAC and PON-1 were decreased significantly compared with vehicle-injected control mice. There were also significantly increased NF-κB and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase in the brain following rotenone administration. These changes were significantly attenuated by amphetamine. Rotenone caused neurodegenerative changes in the substantia nigra, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. The liver showed degenerative changes in hepatocytes and infiltration of Kupffer cells. Bax/Bcl2 ratio was significantly increased in brain and liver tissues. Amphetamine prevented these histopathological changes and the increase in apoptosis evoked by rotenone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that low dose amphetamine exerts anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, protects against rotenone-induced neurodegeneration, and could prevent neuronal cell degeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eman R. Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha N. Yassen
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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EL Hosary R, El-Mancy SM, El Deeb KS, Eid HH, EL Tantawy ME, Shams MM, Samir R, Assar NH, Sleem AA. Efficient wound healing composite hydrogel using Egyptian Avena sativa L. polysaccharide containing β-glucan. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1331-1338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abdel-Salam OME, Sleem AA, Sayed MAEBM, Youness ER, Shaffie N. Correction to: Capsaicin Exerts Anti-convulsant and Neuroprotective Effects in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1062-1063. [PMID: 32100166 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contains an error in the Y axis units in Fig. 1b, c (the symbol µ is not clear: µmol/g.tissue). This has been corrected by publishing this erratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M E Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OME, Sleem AA, Youness ER, Omara EA. Identification of biomarkers for the detection of subtle brain injury after cannabis and/or tramadol administration. Egypt J Forensic Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-019-0165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is a need to identify biomarkers which could indicate the occurrence of brain injury in drug abuse.
Objectives
We aimed to investigate ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase-1 (UCH-L1), a neuronal cell body injury marker, the glial protein S-100 beta (S100β), and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as putative markers for neuronal injury due to cannabis, tramadol, or their combined use.
Materials and methods
Rats were treated with cannabis and/or tramadol subcutaneously daily for 6 weeks and UCH-L1, S100β, and GFAP were immunoassayed in the brain and serum.
Results
The results are as follows: (i) either cannabis or tramadol increased UCH-L1 and GFAP in the brain, (ii) serum UCH-L1 and GFAP increased by the highest dose of cannabis or tramadol, (iii) there was no additive effect for cannabis and tramadol on UCH-L1 or GFAP level in the brain or serum, (iv) S100β decreased in the brain by 5–20 mg/kg of cannabis and in the serum following 20 mg/kg of cannabis, and (v) S100β levels increased in the brain after 20 mg/kg of tramadol but decreased the brain and serum after both cannabis and tramadol. Cytoplasmic vacuolations, apoptotic cells, and gliosis were observed in the brain tissue of cannabis and/or tramadol-treated rats.
Conclusions
These results suggest that changes in UCH-L1, GFAP, or S100β are likely to reflect neurotoxicity and serum levels could be used to detect neuronal damage in chronic users.
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El-Hawary SS, Fathy FI, Sleem AA, Morsy FA, Khadar MS, Mansour MK. Anticholinesterase activity and metabolite profiling of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman leaves and fruits via UPLC-QTOF-PDA-MS. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1671-1675. [PMID: 31148478 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1622113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a complete metabolic profile of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and fruits of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman via UPLC-QTOF-PDA-MS and to evaluate their anticholinesterase activities in a model of Alzheimer disease. The current study has identified 39 metabolites belonging to various chemical classes (i.e. flavonols, phenolic acids, fatty acids, stilbenoids and lignans). While the fatty acids predominated in both leaves and fruits, the stilbenoids were more predominant in leaves. Their neuroprotective effect was comparable to Aricept; the standard drug used in treatment of Alzheimer disease. Both extracts significantly decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity and improved the histopathological changes in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rat model of aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer disease. In light of the current study, Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman is recommended as promising candidate for palliative treatment in Alzheimer disease through inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fify I Fathy
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma A Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai S Khadar
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai K Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OME, Sleem AA, Mohamed Sayed MAEB, Youness ER, Shaffie N. Neuroprotective Effects of Low Dose Anandamide in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamine) is an endogenous cannabinoid receptor CB1 ligand that exhibits neuroprotective effects in the brain. In this study, the effect of exogenously given anandamide on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced chemical kindling oxidative stress and brain damage in rats was studied. Rats were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with 35 mg/kg PTZ once every 48 hours for 12 times to induce seizures. Anandamide was i.p. given. 30 min prior to PTZ injection at 100 or 200 mg/kg. Injections of PTZ induced significant increase in brain lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde: MDA), and nitric oxide associated with marked decrease in brain reduced glutathione (GSH). There were also significant decrements in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) concentration, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activities in brain tissue of PTZ injected rats. Meanwhile, there was no significant effect for PTZ on the concentration of brain neutrophil elastase. Anandamide administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly decreased MDA and increased GSH contents and at 200 mg/kg significantly decreased nitric oxide in brain of PTZ-treated rats. The drug also caused significant increments in AChE concentration and PON-1 activity but had no significant effect on BChE or neutrophil elastase in rats treated with PTZ. Anandamide given at the dose of 200mg/kg significantly decreased the mean seizure scores over the study period by 22.3% and the frequency of myoclonic jerks and rearing (stage 3) by 56.7% compared with the vehicle-treated group. Anandamide given at 100 and 200 mg/kg completely inhibited the development of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (stage 5). It is concluded that in the PTZ-induced seizures, the cannabinoid receptor CB1 agonist anandamide decreases brain oxidative stress, neuronal injury, and exerts an antiepileptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eman R. Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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M.E. Abdel-Salam O, A. Sleem A, Abd El Baset Mohamed Sayed M, A. Khadrawy Y, A. Morsy F. Cannabis sativa Increases Seizure Severity and Brain Lipid Peroxidation in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling in Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13005/bpj/1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Cannabis sativa extract on chemical kindling induced in rats by the repeated intraperitoneal (ip) injections of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) was studied. Rats were treated with PTZ (35 mg/kg) once every 48 hours for 12 times alone or with ip Cannabis sativa (20 mg/kg expressed as Δ9-THC content) 30 min prior to PTZ injection. Seizures were recorded for 20 minutes. Control rats received ip saline. Cannabis treatment caused significant elevation of mean seizure score as compared to PTZ only group after the 5th, 6th and 7th PTZ repeated injections during seizure development. In particular, cannabis caused significant elevation in the frequency of myoclonic jerks, rearing (stage 3), turn over onto one side position and back position (stage 4), and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (stage 5) compared with the PTZ only group. PTZ caused significant elevations in brain lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), and nitric oxide along with deceased reduced glutathione level. In addition, brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity significantly decreased compared to control value after PTZ treatment. Cannabis given to PTZ treated rats caused significant increase in brain malondialdehyde and AChE activity compared to PTZ only group. Reduced glutathione level was restored by cannabis. Histopathological studies indicated the presence of spongiform changes, degenerated and necrotic neurons, inflammatory cells, and gliosis in cerebral cortex and degeneration of some Purkinje cells in the cerebellum in both PTZ- and cannabis-PTZ-treated groups. It is concluded that in an epilepsy model induced by repeated PTZ administration, cannabis increased lipid peroxidation and mean seizure score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fatma A. Morsy
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel Hafez NA, Ali KA, Ibrahim AA, Elnaggar DH, Sleem AA. Design, Synthesis and In-vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Celecoxib Analogues as NSAID. Mini Rev Med Chem 2018; 18:1398-1408. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180530124509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A. Abdel Hafez
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre,12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Korany A. Ali
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre,12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alhussein A. Ibrahim
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre,12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina H. Elnaggar
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre,12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Esmail RSE, Mohammed NA, Khadrawy YA, Sleem AA, Abdulaziz AM. Protection by Neostigmine and Atropine Against Brain and Liver Injury Induced by Acute Malathion Exposure. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:510-521. [PMID: 29768876 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of treatment with neostigmine alone or with atropine on brain oxidative stress and on brain and liver tissue damage following acute malathion toxicity. Rats were intraperitoneally treated with malathion 150 mg/kg along with neostigmine (200 or 400 μg/kg) or neostigmine (200 μg/kg) + atropine (1 mg/kg) and euthanized 4 h later. Results indicated that compared with the saline group, malathion resulted in (i) higher brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (46.4% and 86.2%); (ii) decreased brain reduced glutathione (GSH) (67.6%); (iii) decreased brain paraoxonase-1 (PON1), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities (31.2%, 21.6% and 60%); (iv) decreased brain glucose (-38.1%); (v) neuronal degeneration in cortex and hippocampus and markedly increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining in the hippocampus; (v) hydropic and fatty degeneration in liver. Rats treated with malathion along with neostigmine or neostigmine + atropine showed no change in brain MDA but decreased nitric oxide (-34.2%-48%). GSH increased after neostigmine 200 μg/kg or neostigmine + atropine (35.8% and 41%). PON1 activity increased (42%-35.2%) and glucose concentrations increased (91.5%-81.5%) by 400 μg/kg neostigmine or neostigmine + atropine. Brain AChE activity remained unchanged but BChE activity showed 18.3% increment after 400 μg/kg neostigmine. Rats treated with 400 μg/kg neostigmine or neostigmine + atropine had normal neuronal appearance in cortex and hippocampus and weak GFAP expression in hippocampus. Liver damage was prevented by neostigmine + atropine. These results suggest that treatment with neostigmine + atropine afforded protection against the deleterious effects of acute malathion on the brain and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M E Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | | | - Nadia A Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Department of Physiology, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo, 12311, Egypt
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Salam OMA, Sleem AA, Omara EA, Hassan NS. Effect of Ribavirin Alone or Combined with Silymarin on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M.E. Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enayat A. Omara
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabila S. Hassan
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Yassen NN, Khadrawy YA, El-Toukhy SE, Sleem AA. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors protect against brain and liver damage caused by acute malathion intoxication. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:773-786. [PMID: 28942826 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, on oxidative stress and tissue damage in brain and liver and on DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in malathion intoxicated rats. METHODS Malathion (150 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) along with l-NAME or 7-NI (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) and rats were euthanized 4 h later. The lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (nitrite), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity were measured in both brain and liver. Moreover, the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glucose concentrations were determined in brain. Liver enzyme determination, Comet assay, histopathological examination of brain and liver sections and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunohistochemistry were also performed. RESULTS (i) Rats treated with only malathion exhibited increased nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) accompanied with a decrease in GSH content, and PON-1 activity in brain and liver. Glutathione peroxidase activity, TAC, glucose concentrations, AChE and BChE activities were decreased in brain. There were also raised liver aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and increased DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes (Comet assay). Malathion caused marked histopathological changes and increased the expression of iNOS in brain and liver tissues. (ii) In brain of malathion-intoxicated rats, l-NAME or 7-NI resulted in decreased nitrite and MDA contents while increasing TAC and PON1 activity. Reduced GSH and GPx activity showed an increase by l-NAME. AChE activity increased by 20 mg/kg l-NAME and 10 mg/kg 7-NI. AChE activity decreased by the higher dose of 7-NI while either dose of 7-NI resulted in decreased BChE activity. (iii) In liver of malathion-intoxicated rats, decreased MDA content was observed after l-NAME or 7-NI. Nitrite level was unchanged by l-NAME but increased after 7-NI which also resulted in decreased GSH concentration and PON1 activity. Either inhibitor resulted in decreased liver ALT activity. (iv) DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes was markedly inhibited by l-NAME or 7-NI treatment. (v) iNOS expression in brain and liver decreased by l-NAME or 7-NI. (vi) More marked improvement of the histopathological alterations induced by malathion in brain and liver was observed after 7-NI compared with l-NAME. CONCLUSIONS In malathion intoxicated rats, the neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-NI and to much less extent l-NAME were able to protect the brain and liver tissue integrity along with improvement in oxidative stress parameters. The decrease in DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes by NOS inhibitors also suggests the involvement of nitric oxide in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha N Yassen
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OM, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Yassen NN, Khadrawy YA, El-Toukhy SE, Sleem AA. Novel neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of citric acid in acute malathion intoxication. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:1181-1194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Khadrawy YA, Sleem AA. Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and paraoxonase 1 activities in rats treated with cannabis, tramadol or both. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:1089-1094. [PMID: 27890370 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Cannabis sativa resin and/or tramadol, two commonly drugs of abuse on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities as a possible cholinergic biomarkers of neurotoxicity induced by these agents. METHODS Rats were treated with cannabis resin (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) (equivalent to the active constituent Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol), tramadol (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) or tramadol (10 mg/kg) combined with cannabis resin (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) subcutaneously daily for 6 weeks. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured in brain and serum. We also measured the activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in serum of rats treated with these agents. RESULTS (i) AChE activity in brain increased after 10-20 mg/kg cannabis resin (by 16.3-36.5%). AChE activity in brain did not change after treatment with 5-20 mg/kg tramadol. The administration of both cannabis resin (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) and tramadol (10 mg/kg) resulted in decreased brain AChE activity by 14.1%, 12.9% and 13.6%, respectively; (ii) BChE activity in serum was markedly and dose-dependently inhibited by cannabis resin (by 60.9-76.9%). BChE activity also decreased by 17.6-36.5% by 10-20 mg/kg tramadol and by 57.2-63.9% by the cannabis resin/tramadol combined treatment; (iii) Cannabis resin at doses of 20 mg/kg increased serum PON1 activity by 25.7%. In contrast, tramadol given at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in serum PON1 activity by 19%, 36.7%, and 46.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, treatment with cannabis resin plus tramadol resulted in 40.2%, 35.8%, 30.7% inhibition of PON1 activity compared to the saline group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that cannabis resin exerts different effects on AChE and BChE activities which could contribute to the memory problems and the decline in cognitive function in chronic users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman R Youness
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Abou Zeid AH, Aboutabl EA, Sleem AA, El-Rafie HM. Water soluble polysaccharides extracted from Pterocladia capillacea and Dictyopteris membranacea and their biological activities. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:62-6. [PMID: 25256459 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cold and hot water extracts (CWE, HWE) of both the red alga Pterocladia capillacea (P. capillacea) and the brown alga Dictyopteris membranacea (D. membranacea) were studied for their polysaccharide contents. In both (CWE) and (HWE) extracts. Relatively higher yields were obtained in case of P. capillacea pillacea (2.87 and 6.46%, respectively). The polysaccharide contents of the CWE hydrolyzate of both studied algae analyzed by HPLC were found to be enriched with glucuronic acid, arabinose and glucose, whereas, HWE hydrolyzate were found to be rich in glucuronic acid and fructose. The polysaccharide contents of the CWE and HWE extracts of (D. membranacea) showed appreciable antimicrobial activity in addition to a moderate antitumor activity against HELA (Cervix carcinoma cell line) at IC50 = 9.83 μg/dl, respectively. Whereas the polysaccharide contents of the CWE and HWE extracts of (P. capillacea) exhibited a promising anticoagulant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Abou Zeid
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
| | - E A Aboutabl
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kasr Al-Aini, Cairo University, 11562, Egypt
| | - A A Sleem
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - H M El-Rafie
- Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
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El-Kashoury ESA, El-Askary HI, Kandil ZA, Salem MA, Sleem AA. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 67:571-9. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2012-11-1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrodistilled oils of the fresh aerial parts of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. cultivated in Egypt were prepared from samples collected along the four seasons. The percentage yields of these essential oils were 0.50%, 0.52%, 0.60%, and 0.47% of the dry weight for winter, spring, summer, and autumn samples. GC/MS analyses of all samples revealed a qualitative and quantitative variability in the oil composition. The total number of compounds identified was 46 among which 15 were common in all samples. The oxygenated compounds constituted about 45%, 46%, 63%, and 44% of the total composition of the oils for winter, spring, summer, and autumn samples, respectively. Carvone was the major constituent in spring, summer, and autumn samples (about 31%, 56%, and 35%, respectively), while limonene (ca. 26%) was the major constituent of the winter sample followed by carvone (ca. 25%). The essential oil of the highest yield (full-fl owering summer sample), with the highest oxygenated constituents and carvone contents, was screened for certain biological activities. It exhibited analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory activities (75% and 82% relative to indomethacin). It also showed a potent in vivo antioxidant activity (96% relative to vitamin E). In addition, it exerted moderate cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, and in vitro antioxidant activities. Moreover, the oil had a potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MIC = 4 μg/ml), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MIC = 5.2 μg/ml), and Aspergillus niger (MIC = 6.8 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayeda A. El-Kashoury
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hesham I. El-Askary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A. Kandil
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, El-Behoose St. 31, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Fawzy GA, Abdallah HM, Marzouk MSA, Soliman FM, Sleem AA. Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Major Flavonoids of Cynanchum acutum L. (Asclepiadaceae) Growing in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 63:658-62. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2008-9-1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Seven flavonoids were isolated from the butanol fraction of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Cynanchum acutum L. (Asclepiadaceae). All of which have been isolated for the first time from the genus Cynanchum. Their structures were established as quercetin 3-O-β-galacturonopyranoside (1), quercetin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), tamarixtin 3-O-β-galacturonopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-O-β-galacturonopyranoside (4), 8-hydroxyquercetin 3-O-β-galactopyranoside (5), tamarixtin 3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (6), and tamarixtin 7-O-α-arabinopyranoside (7) on the basis of their chromatographic properties, chemical and spectroscopic data. The major isolated flavonoids 1, 2 and 3 were found to exhibit significant antioxidant and antidiabetic activities (by measuring blood glucose and insulin levels). This is the first report about the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of compounds 1 - 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A. Fawzy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. A. Marzouk
- Chemistry of Tannins and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, El-Behoose St., El-Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fathy M. Soliman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El-Aini St., 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, El-Behoose St., El-Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Morsy SMY, Omara EA, Sleem AA. Citric acid effects on brain and liver oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. J Med Food 2014; 17:588-98. [PMID: 24433072 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in the greatest amounts in citrus fruits. This study examined the effect of citric acid on endotoxin-induced oxidative stress of the brain and liver. Mice were challenged with a single intraperitoneal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 200 μg/kg). Citric acid was given orally at 1, 2, or 4 g/kg at time of endotoxin injection and mice were euthanized 4 h later. LPS induced oxidative stress in the brain and liver tissue, resulting in marked increase in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and nitrite, while significantly decreasing reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) showed a pronounced increase in brain tissue after endotoxin injection. The administration of citric acid (1-2 g/kg) attenuated LPS-induced elevations in brain MDA, nitrite, TNF-α, GPx, and PON1 activity. In the liver, nitrite was decreased by 1 g/kg citric acid. GPx activity was increased, while PON1 activity was decreased by citric acid. The LPS-induced liver injury, DNA fragmentation, serum transaminase elevations, caspase-3, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were attenuated by 1-2 g/kg citric acid. DNA fragmentation, however, increased after 4 g/kg citric acid. Thus in this model of systemic inflammation, citric acid (1-2 g/kg) decreased brain lipid peroxidation and inflammation, liver damage, and DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M E Abdel-Salam
- 1 Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Center , Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Omara EA, Sleem AA. Effect of ketamine on oxidative stress following lipopolysaccharide administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-013-1854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Salama MM, Ezzat SM, El Dine RS, El-Sayed AM, Sleem AA. New bioactive metabolites from a crown gall induced on an Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. tree. Z NATURFORSCH C 2013; 68:461-470. [PMID: 24601084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Applying a bioactivity-guided isolation strategy for the ethanolic extract of crown gall tumours induced on an Eucalyptus tereticornis tree, two new compounds in addition to a known one were isolated. The new compounds were identified as an amino acid derivative named 1-ethyl-6-(1'-methyl-1'-phenylethyl) piperidin-2-one (1) and a lanostane tetracyclic triterpene named 3beta-hydroxy-24-methyllanosta-8,17(20),24(28)-trien-22-oic acid (2), together with stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside (3). The three compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against two human cell lines, breast (MCF7) and colon (HCT116), with IC50 values of 1.01, 1.54, and 2.15 microg/ml, respectively, against MCF7 and 3.49, 3.83, and 3.39 microg/ ml, respectively, against HCT116. Furthermore, in rats elevated levels of blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein (LDLc) were significantly reduced, while the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDLc) was significantly increased by administration of the ethanolic extract as well as of 3. These results support a correlation between the reduction of blood cholesterol levels and improvement of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Shahira M Ezzat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham Salah El Dine
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Aly M El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Khadrawy YA, Sleem AA. Brain and liver oxidative stress after sertraline and haloperidol treatment in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 24:115-23. [PMID: 23435186 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2012-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haloperidol is a classic antipsychotic drug known for its propensity to cause extrapyramidal side effects. Sertraline is an antidepressant drug which has been reported to cause extrapyramidal symptoms. We aimed to see whether treatment with sertraline would worsen the effect of haloperidol on oxidative stress in the brains of mice. METHODS Sertraline (10 or 20 mg/kg), haloperidol (2 mg/kg), haloperidol combined with sertraline or saline was administered daily via the subcutaneous route and mice were euthanized 10 days later when biochemical assays were carried out. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (nitrite) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities were determined in the brain and liver. RESULTS Sertraline monotherapy did not alter GSH, MDA, TAC or nitrite in the brain. Haloperidol decreased GSH and TAC and increased MDA and nitrite. The combined treatment with sertraline and haloperidol resulted in increased MDA, but to a lesser extent than haloperidol monotherapy. A significant increase in GSH and TAC and decreased nitrite was observed after the combination treatment was compared with haloperidol monotherapy. Catalase activity decreased with sertraline or haloperidol treatment. PON1 activity decreased with sertraline and haloperidol monotherapy and showed a further decrease with the combination therapy compared with haloperidol monotherapy. AChE activity decreased after haloperidol and increased with the combination treatment compared with haloperidol monotherapy. In the liver, GSH was unaltered after sertraline, haloperidol or their combination. MDA increased with sertraline, haloperidol and their combination. TAC decreased after combination therapy. Nitric oxide increased after sertraline, haloperidol or their combination. PON1 activity decreased with sertraline, haloperidol and with sertraline-haloperidol co-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Sertraline did not worsen brain oxidative stress-induced with haloperidol, however, liver peroxidation increased. Sertraline decreased catalase and PON1 activity which might expose the brain to further oxidative insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M E Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Nassar MI, Aboutabl ESA, Eskander DM, Grace MH, El-Khrisy EDA, Sleem AA. Flavonoid glycosides and pharmacological activity of Amphilophium paniculatum. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:17-21. [PMID: 23598920 PMCID: PMC3579015 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nothing is reported on Amphilophium paniculatum (L.) Kunth. This study aimed at investigation of chemical constituents of the leaves of Amphilophium paniculatum, grown in Egypt, in addition to pharmacological evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of a new compound, along with 5 known flavonoids. Pharmacological activities were carried out on different extracts of A. paniculatum leaves. RESULTS Identification of a new flavone glycoside, acacetin 8-C-β-D- glucopyranosy l-(1→2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) in addition to 5 known flavonoids. The 70% ethanol crud extract and its successive chloroform, ethyl acetate, and 100% ethanol extracts showed significant anti-inflammatoryactivity,analgesic effect, antipyretic activity, antioxidant activity, and anti-hyperglycemic activity. Determination of the median lethal dose (LD50) revealed that the different extracts were safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I Nassar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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Abdel Salam OME, Mohammed NA, Sleem AA, Farrag AR. The effect of antidepressant drugs on thioacetamide-induced oxidative stress. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:735-744. [PMID: 23609356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and sertraline and the tricyclic drug imipramine on oxidative stress in the brain and liver caused by thioacetamide in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drugs were administered orally once daily at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg for two weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection of thioacetamide (300 mg/kg). Rats were euthanized 24 h after thioacetamide. Reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide were measured in brain and liver. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in serum and histopathological evaluation of liver injury was performed. RESULTS The administration of thioacetamide increased MDA by 151.8% and 161.2%, increased nitric oxide by 57.2% and 63.9% and decreased GSH by -40.6% and -67% in the brain and liver, respectively. Thioacetamide markedly increased serum ALT, AST and ALP by 277.8, 80.8 and 121%, respectively. In the brain, MDA was decreased in rats treated with fluoxetine or sertraline. The level of GSH increased by fluoxetine and by the higher dose of sertraline. Nitric oxide in brain was unchanged by fluoxetine, but increased after sertraline at 20 mg/kg. Brain MDA was increased by imipramine, which also decreased brain nitrite level. In the liver, fluoxetine or sertraline treatment increased GSH and nitrite levels. MDA was also increased by either drug. The drugs markedly decreased ALT, but increased ALP in serum. Meanwhile, imipramine decreased liver nitric oxide levels (at the lower dose only -32.9%), markedly increased hepatic GSH, but did not change MDA level. Serum ALT decreased by imipramine (but AST and ALP showed no change). Histopathological and histochemical examinations indicated that thioacetamide-induced liver injury was not decreased after treatment with the antidepressant drugs. CONCLUSIONS In thioacetamide-treated rats, pretreatment with the SSRIs drugs fluoxetine and sertraline is associated with decreased lipid peroxidation in brain; liver peroxidation, however, is increased. Imipramine displayed opposite effects. The thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage was not reduced by fluoxetine, sertraline or imipramine.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M E Abdel Salam
- Departments of Toxicology and Narcotics, Medical Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abdel-Salam OME, Sleem AA, Shafee N. Hepatoprotective effects of Cynara extract and silymarin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Salama MM, Ezzat SM, Dine RSE, El-Sayed AM, Sleem AA. New Bioactive Metabolites from a Crown Gall Induced on an Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Tree. Z NATURFORSCH C 2013. [DOI: 10.5560/znc.2013.68c0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abdel-Salam OME, Youness ER, Mohammed NA, Abd-Elmoniem M, Omara E, Sleem AA. Neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon®) in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Drug Discov Ther 2012; 6:306-314. [PMID: 23337818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF, Daflon®) is a phlebotonic drug widely used in chronic venous or lymphatic insufficiency. We aimed to investigate the effects of MPFF on hepatic and brain oxidative stress and on liver injury caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. MPFF (4.5, 9, or 18 mg/kg) or saline was administered orally for two days prior to intraperitoneal (i.p.) LPS (300 μg/kg) and at time of LPS administration. Rats were euthanized 4 h after LPS injection. The administration of LPS increased oxidative stress in brain and liver tissue. Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased by 193.5 and 191.8%, reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased by 73.8 and 70.8% and nitric oxide increased by 118.2 and 151.7% in the brain and liver, respectively. Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity decreased by 42.6%. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were raised by 101.8, 93.6, and 223.2%, respectively. Rats treated with MPFF at 9 and 18 mg/kg showed decreased brain MDA (27.5-34%), nitrite (25.5-41%) and increased GSH (27.2-74.1%). In the liver, MDA decreased by 16.4-59.8%, nitrite decreased by 54.7-56.7%, and GSH increased by 15.2-70.5% with MPFF at 4.5, 9, or 18 mg/kg, respectively. Serum PON1 activity showed 41-65.9% increments with MPFF. Significant reductions in serum AST, ALT, and ALP were seen after treatment with MPFF. Moreover, the degree of histological damage, expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase and the apoptotic enzyme caspase-3 in the liver were substantially reduced. MPFF thus prevented the increased oxidative stress and inflammation in brain and liver as well as the liver dysfunction caused by endotoxemia in the rat.
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El-hawary SS, El-sofany RH, Abdel-Monem AR, Ashour RS, Sleem AA. Polyphenolics content and biological activity of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) spreng growing in Egypt (Lamiaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2012.32.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shabana MM, El Sayed AM, Yousif MF, El Sayed AM, Sleem AA. Bioactive constituents from Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. and Rhus coriaria L. Pharmacogn Mag 2012; 7:298-306. [PMID: 22262932 PMCID: PMC3261063 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.90410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The leaf ethanol extract of Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. has evidenced medicinal value due to its hepatoprotective activity. It demonstrated inhibitory effects on test standard microbes approximated to 40% the potency of ofloxacin and fluconazole. The same extract evidenced in vitro cytotoxicity on human cell lines, liver carcinoma HEPG2, larynx carcinoma HEP2, and colon carcinoma HCT116 cell lines when compared to doxorubicin. Materials and Methods: Fractionation of the leaf ethanol extract led to the isolation of the polyphenols, ethyl gallate, and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, a hydrocarbon, hendecane, the fatty acid ester, methyl linoleate, and four triterpenoids, betulonic acid, 3-acetyl-methyl betulinate, lupenone and lupeol for the first time, in addition to the previously reported phenol acids and flavonoids, gallic acid, methyl gallate, quercetin, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside. Results: The ethanol extract of the fruit of the genetically related Rhus coriaria L., known as sumac, afforded protocatechuic acid, isoquercitrin, and myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside from the fruits for the first time, in addition to the previously reported phenol acids and flavonoids, gallic acid, methyl gallate, kaempferol, and quercetin. Conclusion: The leaf ethanol extract of H. caffrum Bernh. exhibited variable anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities, besides the hepatoprotective, in vitro cytotoxic and anti-microbial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan M Shabana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Abdel-Salam OM, El-Sayed El-Shamarka M, Salem NA, El-Mosallamy AE, Sleem AA. Amelioration of the haloperidol-induced memory impairment and brain oxidative stress by cinnarizine. EXCLI J 2012; 11:517-30. [PMID: 27540345 PMCID: PMC4983713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol is a classic antipsychotic drug known for its propensity to cause extrapyramidal symptoms and impaired memory, owing to blockade of striatal dopamine D2 receptors. Cinnarizine is a calcium channel blocker with D2 receptor blocking properties which is widely used in treatment of vertiginous disorders. The present study aimed to see whether cinnarizine would worsen the effect of haloperidol on memory function and on oxidative stress in mice brain. Cinnarizine (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg), haloperidol, or haloperidol combined with cinnarizine was administered daily via the subcutaneous route and mice were examined on weekly basis for their ability to locate a submerged plate in the water maze test. Mice were euthanized 30 days after starting drug injection. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) were determined in brain. Haloperidol substantially impaired water maze performance. The mean time taken to find the escape platform (latency) was significantly delayed by haloperidol (2 mg/kg, i.p.) on weeks 1-8 of the test, compared with saline control group. In contrast, those treated with haloperidol and cinnarizine showed significantly shorter latencies, which indicated that learning had occurred immediately. Haloperidol resulted in increased MDA in cortex, striatum, cerebellum and midbrain. GSH decreased in cortex, striatum and cerebellum and nitric oxide increased in cortex. Meanwhile, treatment with cinnarizine (20 mg/kg) and haloperidol resulted in significant decrease in MDA cortex, striatum, cerebellum and midbrain and an increase in GSH in cortex and striatum, compared with haloperidol group. These data suggest that cinnarizine improves the haloperidol induced brain oxidative stress and impairment of learning and memory in the water maze test in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam, Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; FAX: 202-33370931, E-mail:
| | | | - Neveen A. Salem
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Mosallamy AE, Sleem AA, Abdel-Salam OM, Shaffie N, Kenawy SA. Antihypertensive and Cardioprotective Effects of Pumpkin Seed Oil. J Med Food 2012; 15:180-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Shaffie
- Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A. Kenawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Kashoury ESA, El-Askary HI, Kandil ZA, Salem MA, Sleem AA. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Z NATURFORSCH C 2012. [DOI: 10.5560/znc.2012.67c0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abdel-Salam OM, Morsy SMY, Sleem AA. The effect of different antidepressant drugs on oxidative stress after lipopolysaccharide administration in mice. EXCLI J 2011; 10:290-302. [PMID: 29033710 PMCID: PMC5611632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine and the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) impiramine on oxidative stress in brain and liver induced by lipopolysaccharide administration in mice. Each drug was administered subcutaneously at doses of 10 or 20 mg/kg, for two days prior to intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of lipopolysaccharide E (LPS: 200 µg/kg). Mice were euthanized 4 h after administration of the lipopolysaccharide. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) concentrations were measured in brain and liver. Results: The administration of lipopolysaccharide increased oxidative stress in brain and liver; it increased brain MDA by 36.1 and liver MDA by 159.8 %. GSH decreased by 34.1 % and 64.8 % and nitric oxide increased by 78.7 % and 103.8 % in brain and liver, respectively. In brain, MDA decreased after the administration of sertraline and by the lower dose of fluoxetine or fluvoxamine, but increased after the higher dose of imipramine. Reduced glutathione increased after sertraline, fluvoxamine and the lower dose of fluoxetine or imipramine. Nitric oxide decreased by sertraline, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and by the lower dose of imipramine. In the liver, all drugs decreased MDA and increased GSH level. Nitric oxide is decreased by sertraline, fluvoxamine and by the lower dose of fluoxetine or imipramine. It is concluded that, during mild systemic inflammatory illness induced by peripheral bacterial endotoxin injection, the SSRIs fluoxetine, sertraline and fluvoxamine reduced, while the TCA impiramine increased oxidative stress induced in the brain. The SSRIs as well as imipramine reduced oxidative stress due to lipopolysaccharide in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam, Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt; FAX: 202-33370931, E-mail:
| | | | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo
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Abdel-Salam OM, Mohammed NA, Sleem AA. The effects of trimetazidine on lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress in mice. EXCLI J 2011; 10:162-172. [PMID: 27857673 PMCID: PMC5109013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of trimetazidine, a novel anti-ischemic agent, on the development of oxidative stress induced in mice with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin were investigated. The drug was administered orally once daily at doses of 1.8, 3.6 or 7.2 mg/kg for two days prior to intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of lipopolysaccharide E (200 μg/kg) and at time of endotoxin administration. Mice were euthanized 4 h after administration of the lipopolysaccharide. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) concentrations were measured in brain and liver. The administration of lipopolysaccharide increased oxidative stress in both the brain and liver tissue. MDA increased by 33.9 and 107.1 %, GSH decreased by 23.9 and 84.3 % and nitric oxide increased 70.3 and 48.4 % in the brain and liver, respectively. Compared with the lipopolysaccharide control group, brain MDA decreased by 26.2 and 36.7 %, while GSH increased by 18.2 and 25.8 % after the administration of trimetazidine at 3.6 and 7.2 mg/kg, respectively. Brain nitric oxide decreased by 45.3, 50.8 and 57.0 % by trimetazidine at 1.8, 3.6 and 7.2 mg/kg, respectively. In the liver, MDA decreased by 18.7, 30.7 and 49.4 % and GSH increased by 150.3, 204.8 and 335.4 % following trimetazidine administration at 1.8, 3.6 and 7.2 mg/kg. Meanwhile, nitric oxide decreased by 17.3 % by 7.2 mg/kg of trimetazidine. These results indicate that administration of trimetazidine in the presence of mild systemic inflammatory response alleviates oxidative stress in the brain and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam
- Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Cairo,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Omar M.E. Abdel-Salam, Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo/Egypt; FAX: 202-33370931, E-mail:
| | | | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo
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El-Askary HI, El-Olemy MM, Salama MM, Sleem AA, Amer MH. Bioguided isolation of pentacyclic triterpenes from the leaves of Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R. Br. growing in Egypt. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1755-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.608848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham I. El-Askary
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. El-Olemy
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology , German University in Cairo , Cairo 11835 , Egypt
| | - Maha M. Salama
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- c Department of Pharmacology , National Research Center , Egypt
| | - Mahetab H. Amer
- a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo 11562 , Egypt
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology , German University in Cairo , Cairo 11835 , Egypt
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Salama MM, Ezzat SM, Sleem AA. A new hepatoprotective flavone glycoside from the flowers of Onopordum alexandrinum growing in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 66:251-9. [PMID: 21812342 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2011-5-608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction of the flowers of Onopordum alexandrinum L. (Asteraceae) yielded a new flavonoidal glycoside designated as acacetin-7-O-galacturonide (9), alongside with nine known flavonoids; 6-methoxy-apigenin (hispidulin) (1), acacetin (2), apigenin (3), luteolin (4), kaempferol (5), eriodictyol (6), apigenin-7-O-glucoside (7), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (8), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (10). The compounds were assayed for their hepatoprotective activity against CCl4-induced hepatic cell damage in rats and free radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Compounds 4, 6, 9, and 10 have not been previously reported from flowers of O. alexandrinum L., and this is the first report of acacetin-7-O-galacturonide (9) in nature which has also shown significant hepatoprotective and free radical scavenging effects. The isolated compounds were identified using different spectroscopic methods (UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, and COSY).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Salama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Kassem MES, Shoela S, Marzouk MM, Sleem AA. A sulphated flavone glycoside from Livistona australis and its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1381-7. [PMID: 21793764 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.587188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A new flavone glycoside tricin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside-2″-sulphate sodium salt along with 14 known flavonoid compounds were isolated and identified from the aqueous methanol extract of Livistona australis leaves. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive NMR (¹H, ¹³C, HSQC and H-H COSY) and ESIMS data. Antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of the methanol extract of the leaves as well as the new compound were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona E S Kassem
- Department of Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics, National Research Centre, El Tahrir Street, Dokki 12311, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abdel-Salam OME, Khadrawy YA, Salem NA, Sleem AA. Oxidative Stress in a Model of Toxic Demyelination in Rat Brain: The Effect of Piracetam and Vinpocetine. Neurochem Res 2011; 36:1062-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Salama MM, Ezzat SM, Sleem AA. A New Hepatoprotective Flavone Glycoside from the Flowers of Onopordum alexandrinum Growing in Egypt. Z NATURFORSCH C 2011. [DOI: 10.5560/znc.2011.66c0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wahba HM, AbouZid SF, Sleem AA, Apers S, Pieters L, Shahat AA. Chemical and biological investigation of some Clerodendrum species cultivated in Egypt. Pharm Biol 2011; 49:66-72. [PMID: 20738216 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.494674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phytochemical investigation of Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabberley (Lamiaceae) cultivated in Egypt and evaluation for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of the methanol and chloroform extracts of Clerodendrum chinense, Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze, Clerodendrum glabrum E. Meyer. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of the methanol and chloroform extracts of Clerodendrum species under investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Air-dried powdered leaves of C. chinense were extracted with MeOH 80%. This extract was fractionated with successive portions of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. By further fractionation through silica gel, polyamide and reversed phase column chromatography several compounds were isolated which were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy. For biological study, the powdered leaves of C. chinense, C. indicum and C. glabrum were extracted by chloroform and then extracted with methanol. The acute anti-inflammatory effect of tested extracts of the leaves of Clerodendrum species under investigation was estimated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Antipyretic effect was evaluated and compared with that of paracetamol as standard using the yeast-induced hyperthermia method on female albino rats. Analgesic effect was evaluated and compared with that of Novalgin (metamizol sodium) as standard using an electric current anxious stimulus. RESULTS Verbascoside, isoverbascoside, decaffeoylverbascoside, hispidulin, lupeol and icariside B5 were isolated from the leaves of C. chinense for the first time. Cornoside and rengyolone were also isolated. The methanol extract of the leaves of C. chinense and verbascoside showed significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. CONCLUSION The present study provided a scientific validation of the traditional claims suggested for C. chinense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham M Wahba
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Sueif University, Beni-Sueif, Egypt
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Nassar MI, Aboutabl ESA, Ahmed RF, El-Khrisy EDA, Ibrahim KM, Sleem AA. Secondary metabolites and bioactivities of Myrtus communis. Pharmacognosy Res 2010; 2:325-9. [PMID: 21713133 PMCID: PMC3111689 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.75449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myrtus species are characterized by the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils and fatty acids. They are remedies for variety of ailments. This study therefore investigated medicinal effects of Myrtus communis L. METHODS Bioactivity studies of Myrtus communis L. leaves were carried out on volatile oil, 7% methanol and aqueous extracts and the isolated compounds myricetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-∝-rhamnopyranoside and gallic acid. RESULTS Determination of the median lethal dose (LD(50)) revealed that the volatile oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts were practically nontoxic and highly safe as no lethality was observed. The tested materials (volatile oil, alcoholic and aqueous extracts, myricetin 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, myricetin 3-O-∝-rhamnopyranoside and gallic acid) showed significant antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects as compared with control groups and reference drugs. CONCLUSION Administration of extracts of M. communis leaves could be safe at the dose used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - El-Sayed A. Aboutabl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania F. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Khaled M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Sleem
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdel Salam OM, Sleem AA, Shafee N. Effect of trazodone and nefazodone on hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. Drug Discov Ther 2010; 4:285-297. [PMID: 22491211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors trazodone and nefazodone on liver injury induced by treatment with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rats. Liver damage was induced in rats by oral administration of CCl(4) (2.8 mL/kg in olive oil). Nefazodone (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), trazodone (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), silymarin (25 mg/kg), or saline (control) was orally administered once daily in association with CCl(4) and for one week thereafter. Liver damage was assessed by determining serum enzyme activities and hepatic histopathology. In CCl(4)-treated rats, treatment with trazodone (5, 10, 20 mg/ kg), reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels by 24, 38.6, and 49.3%. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were decreased by 18.1, 37.9, and 42.2%, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels decreased by 25.7, 32.6, and 39.7%, respectively. Nefazodone (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner reduced the elevation of ALT levels by 15.6, 36.5, and 45.9%, AST levels by 16.7, 17.3, and 43%, and ALP by 30.5, 37.5, and 42.9%, respectively. Silymarin treatment reduced the levels of ALT, AST, and ALP by 56.1-62.8, 56.0-64.0, and 50.1-58.2%, respectively. The administration of CCl(4) decreased levels of reduced glutathione in blood compared to the vehicle-treated group. In CCl(4)-treated rats, reduced glutathione levels increased after trazodone in a dose-dependent manner. Reduced glutathione was increased by nefazodone at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/kg, but not after 20 mg/kg nefazodone. Reduced glutathione levels were increased by the administration of silymarin to near normal values. The administration of CCl(4) resulted in a marked increase in nitric oxide levels in serum (the concentrations of nitrite/nitrate) as compared to the control group. Treatment with trazodone or nefazodone caused a dose-dependent decrease in serum nitric oxide levels compared with the CCl(4) control group. Histopathological and histomorphometric examinations also indicated that CCl(4)-induced liver injury was less severe in trazodone and nefazodone-treated groups than in the CCl(4) control groups. Metabolic perturbations caused by CCl(4) in the form of decreased intracellular protein and mucopolysaccharide content in hepatocytes were improved by treatment with trazodone and nefazodone. It is concluded that administration of serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors trazodone and nefazodone is associated with a reduction in experimental liver injury induced by CCl(4).
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Affiliation(s)
- O Me Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Salam OMEA, Sleem AA, Omara EA, Hassan NS. Hepatoprotective effects of misoprostol and silymarin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 23:179-88. [PMID: 19298238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of misoprostol, silymarin or the co-administration of misoprostol + silymarin on the carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatic injury in rats. Misoprostol (10, 100, 1000 microg/kg), silymarin (25 mg/kg) or misoprostol (100 microg/kg) + silymarin (25 mg/kg) was given once daily orally simultaneously with CCl(4) and for 15 days thereafter. The results showed that misoprostol (10, 100 or 1000 microg/kg) conferred significant protection against the hepatotoxic actions of CCl(4) in rats, reducing serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels by 24.7%, 42.6% and 49.4%, respectively compared with controls. Misoprostol, given at 100 or 1000 microg/kg, decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 28 and 43.6% and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 19.3% and 53.4% respectively. Meanwhile, silymarin reduced ALT, AST and ALP levels by 62.7%, 66.1% and 65.1% respectively. The co-administration of misoprostol (100 microg/kg) and silymarin (25 mg/kg) resulted in 61.4%, 66.1% and 57.5% reduction in ALT, AST and ALP levels respectively. Histopathological alterations and depletion of hepatocyte glycogen and DNA content by CCl(4) were markedly reduced after treatment with misoprostol, silymarin or misoprostol + silymarin. Image analysis of liver specimens revealed a marked reduction in liver necrosis; area of damage: 32.4%, 24% and 10.2% after misoprostol (10, 100 or 1000 microg/kg), 7.2% after silymarin and 10.9% after treatment with misoprostol 100 microg/kg + silymarin, compared with CCl(4) control group (46.7%). These results indicate that treatment with misoprostol protects against hepatocellular necrosis induced by CCl(4). This study suggests a potential therapeutic use for misoprostol in liver injury.
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