1
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Tang C, Zhang H, Border JJ, Liu Y, Fang X, Jefferson JR, Gregory A, Johnson C, Lee TJ, Bai S, Sharma A, Shin SM, Yu H, Roman RJ, Fan F. Impact of knockout of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 on structural and mechanical properties of rat middle cerebral arteries: implications for vascular aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:3135-3147. [PMID: 38200357 PMCID: PMC11009215 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging influences hemodynamics, elevating risks for vascular diseases and dementia. We recently demonstrated that knockout (KO) of Dusp5 enhances cerebral and renal hemodynamics and cognitive function. This improvement correlates with elevated pPKC and pERK1/2 levels in the brain and kidneys. Additionally, we observed that Dusp5 KO modulates the passive mechanical properties of cerebral and renal arterioles, associated with increased myogenic tone at low pressure, enhanced distensibility, greater compliance, and reduced stiffness. The present study evaluates the structural and mechanical properties of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in Dusp5 KO rats. We found that vascular smooth muscle cell layers and the collagen content in the MCA wall are comparable between Dusp5 KO and control rats. The internal elastic lamina in the MCA of Dusp5 KO rats exhibits increased thickness, higher autofluorescence intensity, smaller fenestrae areas, and fewer fenestrations. Despite an enhanced myogenic response and tone of the MCA in Dusp5 KO rats, other passive mechanical properties, such as wall thickness, cross-sectional area, wall-to-lumen ratio, distensibility, incremental elasticity, circumferential wall stress, and elastic modulus, do not significantly differ between strains. These findings suggest that while Dusp5 KO has a limited impact on altering the structural and mechanical properties of MCA, its primary role in ameliorating hemodynamics and cognitive functions is likely attributable to its enzymatic activity on cerebral arterioles. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific enzymatic mechanisms and explore potential clinical applications in the context of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Tang
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jane J Border
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yedan Liu
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Joshua R Jefferson
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Claire Johnson
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Seung Min Shin
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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2
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Suryadevara R, Gregory A, Lu R, Xu Z, Masoomi A, Lutz SM, Berman S, Yun JH, Saferali A, Ryu MH, Moll M, Sin DD, Hersh CP, Silverman EK, Dy J, Pratte KA, Bowler RP, Castaldi PJ, Boueiz A. Blood-based Transcriptomic and Proteomic Biomarkers of Emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:273-287. [PMID: 37917913 PMCID: PMC10840768 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202301-0067oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotype with important prognostic implications. Identifying blood-based biomarkers of emphysema will facilitate early diagnosis and development of targeted therapies. Objectives: To discover blood omics biomarkers for chest computed tomography-quantified emphysema and develop predictive biomarker panels. Methods: Emphysema blood biomarker discovery was performed using differential gene expression, alternative splicing, and protein association analyses in a training sample of 2,370 COPDGene participants with available blood RNA sequencing, plasma proteomics, and clinical data. Internal validation was conducted in a COPDGene testing sample (n = 1,016), and external validation was done in the ECLIPSE study (n = 526). Because low body mass index (BMI) and emphysema often co-occur, we performed a mediation analysis to quantify the effect of BMI on gene and protein associations with emphysema. Elastic net models with bootstrapping were also developed in the training sample sequentially using clinical, blood cell proportions, RNA-sequencing, and proteomic biomarkers to predict quantitative emphysema. Model accuracy was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for subjects stratified into tertiles of emphysema severity. Measurements and Main Results: Totals of 3,829 genes, 942 isoforms, 260 exons, and 714 proteins were significantly associated with emphysema (false discovery rate, 5%) and yielded 11 biological pathways. Seventy-four percent of these genes and 62% of these proteins showed mediation by BMI. Our prediction models demonstrated reasonable predictive performance in both COPDGene and ECLIPSE. The highest-performing model used clinical, blood cell, and protein data (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in COPDGene testing, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.90). Conclusions: Blood transcriptome and proteome-wide analyses revealed key biological pathways of emphysema and enhanced the prediction of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robin Lu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
| | | | - Aria Masoomi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sharon M. Lutz
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jeong H. Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
| | - Don D. Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Craig P. Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Jennifer Dy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Russell P. Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
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3
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Tang C, Zhang H, Border JJ, Liu Y, Fang X, Jefferson JR, Gregory A, Johnson C, Lee TJ, Bai S, Sharma A, Shin SM, Yu H, Roman RJ, Fan F. Role of Dusp5 KO on Vascular Properties of Middle Cerebral Artery in Rats. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.04.569939. [PMID: 38106132 PMCID: PMC10723354 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging influences hemodynamics, elevating risks for vascular diseases and dementia. We recently demonstrated that knockout (KO) of Dusp5 enhances cerebral and renal hemodynamics and cognitive function. This improvement correlates with elevated pPKC and pERK1/2 levels in the brain and kidneys. Additionally, we observed that Dusp5 KO modulates the passive mechanical properties of cerebral and renal arterioles, associated with increased myogenic tone at low pressure, enhanced distensibility, greater compliance, and reduced stiffness. The present study evaluates the structural and mechanical properties of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in Dusp5 KO rats. We found that vascular smooth muscle cell layers and the collagen content in the MCA wall are comparable between Dusp5 KO and control rats. The internal elastic lamina in the MCA of Dusp5 KO rats exhibits increased thickness, higher autofluorescence intensity, smaller fenestrae areas, and fewer fenestrations. Despite an enhanced myogenic response and tone of the MCA in Dusp5 KO rats, other passive mechanical properties, such as wall thickness, cross-sectional area, wall-to-lumen ratio, distensibility, incremental elasticity, circumferential wall stress, and elastic modulus, do not significantly differ between strains. These findings suggest that while Dusp5 KO has a limited impact on altering the structural and mechanical properties of MCA, its primary role in ameliorating hemodynamics and cognitive functions is likely attributable to its enzymatic activity on cerebral arterioles. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific enzymatic mechanisms and explore potential clinical applications in the context of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Tang
- Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Jane J. Border
- Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Yedan Liu
- Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Xing Fang
- Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Joshua R. Jefferson
- Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Claire Johnson
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Seung Min Shin
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Fan Fan
- Pharmacology &Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
- Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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4
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Oska N, Eltanani S, Shawky M, Naghdi A, Gregory A, Yumnamcha T, Ibrahim AS. Upper glycolytic components contribute differently in controlling retinal vascular endothelial cellular behavior: Implications for endothelial-related retinal diseases. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294909. [PMID: 38033124 PMCID: PMC10688887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal degenerative diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema are characterized by impaired retinal endothelial cells (RECs) functionality. While the role of glycolysis in glucose homeostasis is well-established, its contributions to REC barrier assembly and cell spreading remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the importance of upper glycolytic components in regulating the behavior of human RECs (HRECs). METHODS Electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology was employed to analyze the real-time impact of various upper glycolytic components on maintaining barrier functionality and cell spreading of HRECs by measuring cell resistance and capacitance, respectively. Specific inhibitors were used: WZB117 to inhibit Glut1/3, lonidamine to inhibit hexokinases, PFK158 to inhibit the PFKFB3-PFK axis, and TDZD-8 to inhibit aldolases. Additionally, the viability of HRECs was evaluated using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS The most significant reduction in electrical resistance and increase in capacitance of HRECs resulted from the dose-dependent inhibition of PFKFB3/PFK using PFK158, followed by aldolase inhibition using TDZD-8. LDH level analysis at 24- and 48-hours post-treatment with PFK158 (1 μM) or TDZD-8 (1 and 10 μM) showed no significant difference compared to the control, indicating that the disruption of HRECs functionality was not attributed to cell death. Conversely, inhibiting Glut1/3 with WZB117 had minimal impact on HREC behavior, except at higher concentrations (10 μM) and prolonged exposure. Lastly, inhibiting hexokinase with lonidamine did not noticeably alter HREC cell behavior. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the unique impacts of components within upper glycolysis on HREC functionality, emphasizing the crucial role of the PFKFB3/PFK axis in regulating HREC behavior. Understanding the specific contributions of each glycolytic component in preserving normal REC functionality will facilitate the development of targeted interventions for treating endothelial cell dysfunction in retinal disorders while minimizing effects on healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Oska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Shaimaa Eltanani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Armaan Naghdi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
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5
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Kieleczawa KA, Luke K, Gregory A. Genetic analysis of two species of Mnomen in the Kalamazoo Watershed reveal panmixia in Z. Aquatica, structure among Z. Palustris, and hybridization in areas of sympatry. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15971. [PMID: 37933259 PMCID: PMC10625758 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mnomen or wild rice of the genus Zizania is an important part of Native American culture, especially in Michigan for the Ojibwe nation. An oil spill in 2010 along the Kalamazoo River and the subsequent clean-up lead to renewed interest in management of Mnomen within the Kalamazoo watershed. The affected water bodies were surveyed for Zizania species to map existing populations, determine the existing genetic diversity and species present, and to identify potential hybridization. Using Traditional Ecological Knowledge of rice beds and opportunistic sampling of encountered plants, 28 rice beds were sampled. Two species of Zizania were identified Z. palustris and Z. aquatica. Genetic diversity was measured using 11 microsatellite loci and was moderately high for both species (Z. aquatica HE = 0.669, H0 = 0.672, n = 26 and Z. palustris HE = 0.697, H0 = 0.636, n = 57). No evidence of population bottle-necking was found. Z. palustris was found to have k = 3 populations on the landscape, while Z. aquatica was found to be a single panmictic population. Several individual hybrids were confirmed using genotyping and they were all found in areas where the two species co-occurred. Additionally, Z. aquatica was found to have expanded into areas historically with only Z. palustris downstream of the oil spill, potentially due to dredging and sediment relocation as part of the clean-up effort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaylee Luke
- Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States of America
- LabCorp, Colombus, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Department of Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
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6
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Gregory A, Yumnamcha T, Shawky M, Eltanani S, Naghdi A, Ross BX, Lin X, Ibrahim AS. The Warburg effect alters amino acid homeostasis in human retinal endothelial cells: implication for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15973. [PMID: 37749155 PMCID: PMC10520048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) remains a leading cause of blindness despite progress in screening and treatment. Recently, the Warburg effect, a metabolic alteration affecting amino acid (AA) metabolism in proliferating cells, has drawn attention regarding its role in PDR. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the Warburg effect on AA metabolism in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) subjected to PDR-associated risk factors and validate the findings in patients with PDR. In vitro experiments exposed HRECs to high glucose (HG) and/or hypoxia (Hyp), known inducers of the Warburg effect. The HG + Hyp group of HRECs exhibited significant differences in non-essential AAs with aliphatic non-polar side chains, mainly driven by elevated glycine concentrations. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed several glycine metabolism-related pathways significantly altered due to the Warburg effect induced by HG + Hyp. Crucially, vitreous humor samples from PDR patients displayed higher glycine levels compared to non-diabetic and diabetic patients without PDR. The odds ratio for PDR patients with glycine levels above the cut-off of 0.0836 µM was 28 (p = 0.03) compared to non-PDR controls. In conclusion, this study provides mechanistic insights into how a specific Warburg effect subtype contributes to glycine accumulation in PDR and supports glycine's potential as a biomarker for PDR pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gregory
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Eltanani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Armaan Naghdi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Bing X Ross
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Xihui Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Ahmed S Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, 540 East Canfield, Gordon Scott Hall (room 7133), Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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7
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Gregory A, Wright D, Spencer H, Mankowski JJ, Dickens JC, Stephens J, Neuber AA. An apparatus for probing multipactor in X-band waveguide components. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:2888169. [PMID: 37140338 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rectangular waveguides are susceptible to avalanche-style breakdown via the multipactor phenomenon. The growth in secondary electron density produced via multipactor can damage and destroy RF components. A pulse-adjustable, hard-switched modulator powering an X-band magnetron was utilized to drive a modular experimental setup that enables testing different surface geometries and coatings. Power measurements, taken via diodes, and phase measurements, facilitated via a double-balanced mixer, were integrated into the overall apparatus enabling multipactor detection with high sensitivity and nanosecond temporal resolution. The utilized 150 kW peak microwave source with 2.5 μs pulse width and 100 Hz repetition frequency allows for threshold testing without the need for initial electron seeding. This paper includes the initial results of surface conditioning of the test multipactor gap via electron bombardment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gregory
- Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - D Wright
- Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - H Spencer
- Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - J J Mankowski
- Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - J C Dickens
- Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - J Stephens
- Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - A A Neuber
- Center for Pulsed Power and Power Electronics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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8
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Abstract
People believe that effort is valuable, but what kind of value does it confer? We find that displays of effort signal moral character. Eight studies (N = 5,502) demonstrate the nature of these effects in the domains of paid employment, personal fitness, and charitable fundraising. The exertion of effort is deemed morally admirable (Studies 1-6) and is monetarily rewarded (Studies 2-6), even in situations where effort does not directly generate additional product, quality, or economic value. Convergent patterns of results emerged in South Korean and French cross-cultural replications (Studies 2b and 2c). We contend that the seeming irrationality of valuing effort for its own sake, such as in situations where one's efforts do not directly increase economic output (Studies 3-6), reveals a "deeply rational" social heuristic for evaluating potential cooperation partners. Specifically, effort cues engender broad moral trait ascriptions, and this moralization of effort influences donation behaviors (Study 5) and cooperative partner choice decision-making (Studies 4 and 6). In situating our account of effort moralization into past research and theorizing, we also consider the implications of these effects for social welfare policy and the future of work. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared B Celniker
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Hyunjin J Koo
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Paul K Piff
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Peter H Ditto
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Azim F Shariff
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
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9
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Oganesyan A, Gregory A, Malard F, Ghahramanyan N, Mohty M, Kazandjian D, Mekinian A, Hakobyan Y. Monoclonal gammopathies of clinical significance (MGCS): In pursuit of optimal treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1045002. [PMID: 36505449 PMCID: PMC9728929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS) represents a new clinical entity referring to a myriad of pathological conditions associated with the monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The establishment of MGCS expands our current understanding of the pathophysiology of a range of diseases, in which the M protein is often found. Aside from the kidney, the three main organ systems most affected by monoclonal gammopathy include the peripheral nervous system, skin, and eye. The optimal management of these MGUS-related conditions is not known yet due to the paucity of clinical data, the rarity of some syndromes, and limited awareness among healthcare professionals. Currently, two main treatment approaches exist. The first one resembles the now-established therapeutic strategy for monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS), in which chemotherapy with anti-myeloma agents is used to target clonal lesion that is thought to be the culprit of the complex clinical presentation. The second approach includes various systemic immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive options, including intravenous immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, or biological agents. Although some conditions of the MGCS spectrum can be effectively managed with therapies aiming at the etiology or pathogenesis of the disease, evidence regarding other pathologies is severely limited to individual patient data from case reports or series. Future research should pursue filling the gap in knowledge and finding the optimal treatment for this novel clinical category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Oganesyan
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia,Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia,*Correspondence: Artem Oganesyan,
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Florent Malard
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Nerses Ghahramanyan
- Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mohamad Mohty
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Cellular Therapy, INSERM, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Dickran Kazandjian
- Myeloma Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arsène Mekinian
- Department of Internal Medicine (DMU i3), Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France,French-Armenian Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Yervand Hakobyan
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health, Yerevan, Armenia,Department Of Adult Hematology, Hematology Center after Prof. R. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
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10
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Barnard JCT, Lee JP, Alexander O, Jarosch S, Garratt D, Picciuto R, Kowalczyk K, Ferchaud C, Gregory A, Matthews M, Marangos JP. Delivery of stable ultra-thin liquid sheets in vacuum for biochemical spectroscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1044610. [PMID: 36452452 PMCID: PMC9701818 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1044610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of ultra-thin flat liquid sheets capable of running in vacuum has provided an exciting new target for X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the liquid and solution phases. Several methods have become available for delivering in-vacuum sheet jets using different nozzle designs. We compare the sheets produced by two different types of nozzle; a commercially available borosillicate glass chip using microfluidic channels to deliver colliding jets, and an in-house fabricated fan spray nozzle which compresses the liquid on an axis out of a slit to achieve collision conditions. We find in our tests that both nozzles are suitable for use in X-ray absorption spectroscopy with the fan spray nozzle producing thicker but more stable jets than the commercial nozzle. We also provide practical details of how to run these nozzles in vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. T. Barnard
- Extreme Light Consortium, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Gregory A, Xu Z, Pratte K, Lee S, Liu C, Chase R, Yun J, Saferali A, Hersh CP, Bowler R, Silverman E, Castaldi PJ, Boueiz A. Clustering-based COPD subtypes have distinct longitudinal outcomes and multi-omics biomarkers. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001182. [PMID: 35999035 PMCID: PMC9403129 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can progress across several domains, complicating the identification of the determinants of disease progression. In our previous work, we applied k-means clustering to spirometric and chest radiological measures to identify four COPD-related subtypes: ‘relatively resistant smokers (RRS)’, ‘mild upper lobe-predominant emphysema (ULE)’, ‘airway-predominant disease (AD)’ and ‘severe emphysema (SE)’. In the current study, we examined the associations of these subtypes to longitudinal COPD-related health measures as well as blood transcriptomic and plasma proteomic biomarkers. Methods We included 8266 non-Hispanic white and African-American smokers from the COPDGene study. We used linear regression to investigate cluster associations to 5-year prospective changes in spirometric and radiological measures and to gene expression and protein levels. We used Cox-proportional hazard test to test for cluster associations to prospective exacerbations, comorbidities and mortality. Results The RRS, ULE, AD and SE clusters represented 39%, 15%, 26% and 20% of the studied cohort at baseline, respectively. The SE cluster had the greatest 5-year FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and emphysema progression, and the highest risks of exacerbations, cardiovascular disease and mortality. The AD cluster had the highest diabetes risk. After adjustments, only the SE cluster had an elevated respiratory mortality risk, while the ULE, AD and SE clusters had elevated all-cause mortality risks. These clusters also demonstrated differential protein and gene expression biomarker associations, mostly related to inflammatory and immune processes. Conclusion COPD k-means subtypes demonstrate varying rates of disease progression, prospective comorbidities, mortality and associations to transcriptomic and proteomic biomarkers. These findings emphasise the clinical and biological relevance of these subtypes, which call for more study for translation into clinical practice. Trail registration number NCT00608764.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gregory
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine Pratte
- Department of Biostatistics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Congjian Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeong Yun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aabida Saferali
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russell Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Edwin Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Boueiz A, Xu Z, Chang Y, Masoomi A, Gregory A, Lutz S, Qiao D, Crapo JD, Dy JG, Silverman EK, Castaldi PJ. Machine Learning Prediction of Progression in Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second in the COPDGene® Study. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis 2022; 9:349-365. [PMID: 35649102 PMCID: PMC9448009 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.2021.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heterogeneous nature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicates the identification of the predictors of disease progression. We aimed to improve the prediction of disease progression in COPD by using machine learning and incorporating a rich dataset of phenotypic features. METHODS We included 4496 smokers with available data from their enrollment and 5-year follow-up visits in the COPD Genetic Epidemiology (COPDGene®) study. We constructed linear regression (LR) and supervised random forest models to predict 5-year progression in forced expiratory in 1 second (FEV1) from 46 baseline features. Using cross-validation, we randomly partitioned participants into training and testing samples. We also validated the results in the COPDGene 10-year follow-up visit. RESULTS Predicting the change in FEV1 over time is more challenging than simply predicting the future absolute FEV1 level. For random forest, R-squared was 0.15 and the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for the prediction of participants in the top quartile of observed progression was 0.71 (testing) and respectively, 0.10 and 0.70 (validation). Random forest provided slightly better performance than LR. The accuracy was best for Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 1-2 participants, and it was harder to achieve accurate prediction in advanced stages of the disease. Predictive variables differed in their relative importance as well as for the predictions by GOLD. CONCLUSION Random forest, along with deep phenotyping, predicts FEV1 progression with reasonable accuracy. There is significant room for improvement in future models. This prediction model facilitates the identification of smokers at increased risk for rapid disease progression. Such findings may be useful in the selection of patient populations for targeted clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- *These authors contributed equally
| | - Zhonghui Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- *These authors contributed equally
| | - Yale Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Aria Masoomi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sharon Lutz
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - James D. Crapo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Jennifer G. Dy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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13
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Parsons L, Jenks J, Runia T, Gregory A. Comparing Methods of Defining Priority Areas for Greater Sage-Grouse. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.896023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife managers delineate priority areas for species to define critical habitat and to prioritize management efforts. Each method used to identify priority areas involves data that can be unavailable or expensive to obtain. Therefore, it is of interest to compare spatial efficiency between methods used for defining priority areas. We compared priority areas created using different methods and data types. We used resource selection function (RSF) models to predict areas of high use and generated a map depicting ≥ 90% predicted use in three seasons; it was 1,143 km2, encompassed 91% of nests, 68% of summer locations, and 71% of winter locations. We compared the RSF priority area to priority areas developed using two alternative methods: (1) modified conservation buffer, and (2) utilization distribution (UD) models. The modified conservation buffer method was used by South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks in 2014 to delineate a priority area by buffering active lek sites by 6.4 km, including connectivity corridors defined via expert opinion, and known high use areas. The priority area generated by the modified conservation buffer method was 3,977 km2, encompassed 95% of nest locations, 92% of spring/summer locations, and 99% of winter locations. Lastly, we developed a priority area using combined UDs from radio-tracking data gathered during spring/summer, and winter and included a lek buffer encompassing 90% of known nest-sites. This priority area was 3,498 km2, encompassed 99% of nests, 98% of spring/summer locations, and 97% of winter locations. The priority area generated by RSF models was the smallest and encompassed the least number of nests and spring/summer and winter locations but was considered the most spatially efficient; it had the most nests, spring/summer locations, and winter locations per 100 km2. The UD and modified conservation buffer methods created priority areas that were similar in size and spatial efficiency. The modified conservation buffer method encompassed >90% of known sage-grouse locations and nests, indicating that in the absence of detailed movement data and more sophisticated modeling, the method can be sufficient in developing an adequate priority area.
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14
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Godbole S, Labaki WW, Pratte KA, Hill A, Moll M, Hastie AT, Peters SP, Gregory A, Ortega VE, DeMeo D, Cho MH, Bhatt SP, Wells JM, Barjaktarevic I, Stringer KA, Comellas A, O’Neal W, Kechris K, Bowler RP. A Metabolomic Severity Score for Airflow Obstruction and Emphysema. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050368. [PMID: 35629872 PMCID: PMC9143560 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease with marked metabolic disturbance. Previous studies have shown the association between single metabolites and lung function for COPD, but whether a combination of metabolites could predict phenotype is unknown. We developed metabolomic severity scores using plasma metabolomics from the Metabolon platform from two US cohorts of ever-smokers: the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) (n = 648; training/testing cohort; 72% non-Hispanic, white; average age 63 years) and the COPDGene Study (n = 1120; validation cohort; 92% non-Hispanic, white; average age 67 years). Separate adaptive LASSO (adaLASSO) models were used to model forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and MESA-adjusted lung density using 762 metabolites common between studies. Metabolite coefficients selected by the adaLASSO procedure were used to create a metabolomic severity score (metSS) for each outcome. A total of 132 metabolites were selected to create a metSS for FEV1. The metSS-only models explained 64.8% and 31.7% of the variability in FEV1 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. For MESA-adjusted lung density, 129 metabolites were selected, and metSS-only models explained 59.0% of the variability in the training cohort and 17.4% in the validation cohort. Regression models including both clinical covariates and the metSS explained more variability than either the clinical covariate or metSS-only models (53.4% vs. 46.4% and 31.6%) in the validation dataset. The metabolomic pathways for arginine biosynthesis; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; and glycine, serine, and threonine pathway were enriched by adaLASSO metabolites for FEV1. This is the first demonstration of a respiratory metabolomic severity score, which shows how a metSS can add explanation of variance to clinical predictors of FEV1 and MESA-adjusted lung density. The advantage of a comprehensive metSS is that it explains more disease than individual metabolites and can account for substantial collinearity among classes of metabolites. Future studies should be performed to determine whether metSSs are similar in younger, and more racially and ethnically diverse populations as well as whether a metabolomic severity score can predict disease development in individuals who do not yet have COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Wassim W. Labaki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.W.L.); (K.A.S.)
| | - Katherine A. Pratte
- Division of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (K.A.P.); (A.H.); (R.P.B.)
| | - Andrew Hill
- Division of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (K.A.P.); (A.H.); (R.P.B.)
| | - Matthew Moll
- Channing Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.M.); (D.D.); (M.H.C.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Annette T. Hastie
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunology, Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Stephen P. Peters
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy & Immunology, Internal Medicine, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston Salem, NC 20157, USA;
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Victor E. Ortega
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA;
| | - Dawn DeMeo
- Channing Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.M.); (D.D.); (M.H.C.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.M.); (D.D.); (M.H.C.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Surya P. Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - J. Michael Wells
- UAB Lung Health Center, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Igor Barjaktarevic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Kathleen A. Stringer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.W.L.); (K.A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and the NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alejandro Comellas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Wanda O’Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Russell P. Bowler
- Division of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA; (K.A.P.); (A.H.); (R.P.B.)
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15
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Xu Z, Platig J, Lee S, Boueiz A, Chase R, Jain D, Gregory A, Suryadevara R, Berman S, Bowler R, Hersh CP, Laederach A, Castaldi PJ. Cigarette smoking-associated isoform switching and 3' UTR lengthening via alternative polyadenylation. Genomics 2021; 113:4184-4195. [PMID: 34763026 PMCID: PMC8722433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking induces a profound transcriptomic and systemic inflammatory response. Previous studies have focused on gene level differential expression of smoking, but the genome-wide effects of smoking on alternative isoform regulation have not yet been described. We conducted RNA sequencing in whole-blood samples of 454 current and 767 former smokers in the COPDGene Study, and we analyzed the effects of smoking on differential usage of isoforms and exons. At 10% FDR, we detected 3167 differentially expressed genes, 945 differentially used isoforms and 160 differentially used exons. Isoform switch analysis revealed widespread 3' UTR lengthening associated with cigarette smoking. The lengthening of these 3' UTRs was consistent with alternative usage of distal polyadenylation sites, and these extended 3' UTR regions were significantly enriched with functional sequence elements including microRNA and RNA-protein binding sites. These findings warrant further studies on alternative polyadenylation events as potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Xu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Platig
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adel Boueiz
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rob Chase
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dhawal Jain
- Pulmonary Drug Discovery Laboratory, Bayer US LLC. Pharmaceuticals, Research & Development, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Seth Berman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alain Laederach
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Pokhrel S, Gregory A, Mellor A. Perioperative care in cardiac surgery. BJA Educ 2021; 21:396-402. [PMID: 34567795 PMCID: PMC8446225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjae.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pokhrel
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | | | - A. Mellor
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
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17
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Singh T, Alagasundaramoorthy S, Gregory A, Astor BC, Maursetter L. Low dialysis potassium bath is associated with lower mortality in end-stage renal disease patients admitted to hospital with severe hyperkalemia. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:2059-2063. [PMID: 34476092 PMCID: PMC8406055 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperkalemia is a modifiable risk factor for sudden cardiac death, a leading cause of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The optimal treatment of hyperkalemia in hospitalized end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is nonexistent in literature, which has prompted studies from outpatient dialysis to be extrapolated to inpatient care. The goal of this study was to determine if low-potassium dialysate 1 mEq/L is associated with higher mortality in hospitalized ESRD patients with severe hyperkalemia (serum potassium >6.5 mmol/L). Methods We conducted a retrospective study of all adult ESRD patients admitted with severe hyperkalemia between January 2011 and August 2016. Results There were 209 ESRD patients on HD admitted with severe hyperkalemia during the study period. Mean serum potassium was 7.1 mmol/L. In-hospital mortality or cardiac arrest in ESRD patients with severe hyperkalemia was 12.4%. Median time to dialysis after serum potassium result was 2.0 h (25, 75 interquartile range 0.9, 4.2 h). Totally, 47.4% of patients received dialysis with 1 mEq/L concentration potassium bath. The use of 1 mEq/L potassium bath was associated with significantly lower mortality or cardiac arrest in ESRD patients admitted with severe hyperkalemia (odds ratio 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.09–0.80, P = 0.01). Conclusion We conclude that use of 1 mEq/L potassium bath for treatment of severe hyperkalemia (>6.5 mmol/L) in hospitalized ESRD patients is associated with decreased in-hospital mortality or cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Singh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sayee Alagasundaramoorthy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Gregory
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brad C Astor
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura Maursetter
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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18
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Wade RC, Simmons JP, Boueiz A, Gregory A, Wan ES, Regan EA, Bhatt SP, Han MK, Bowler RP, Crapo JD, Silverman EK, Washko GR, Dransfield MT, Wells JM. Pulmonary Artery Enlargement is Associated with Exacerbations and Mortality in Ever-Smokers with Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:481-485. [PMID: 34014810 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202103-0619le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Chad Wade
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - J Patrick Simmons
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Adel Boueiz
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Channing Division of Network Medicine, 1869, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Medicine, 370908, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1861, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Emily S Wan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1861, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,VA Boston Health Care System Jamaica Plain Campus, 20025, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Regan
- National Jewish Health Department of Medicine, 551774, Division of Rheumatology, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Surya P Bhatt
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - MeiLan K Han
- University of Michigan Michigan Medicine, 21614, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Russell P Bowler
- National Jewish Health Department of Medicine, 551774, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - James D Crapo
- National Jewish Health Department of Medicine, 551774, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Channing Division of Network Medicine, 1869, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Medicine, 370908, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - George R Washko
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Medicine, 370908, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, 19957, Acute Care Service, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - J Michael Wells
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, 9967, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, 19957, Acute Care Service, Birmingham, Alabama, United States;
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19
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Abstract
The diagnosis of sport-related concussion is still based primarily on history and physical examination. Use of a standardized history and examination form is recommended. There have been many tests investigated, but none have been proven to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of concussion. Sideline management is based on recognition, diagnosis, and initial treatment. It is clear that symptoms of a concussion can worsen with continued play, and so, if a concussion is suspected based on observation, history, and physical examination, then the athlete should be removed from play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gregory
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Sports Medicine, Medical Center East, Suite 3200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Sourav Poddar
- Family Medicine and Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CU Sports Medicine Center, 2000 South Colorado Boulevard, The Colorado Center Tower One, Suite 4500, Denver, CO 80222, USA
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20
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21
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Willard JW, Lafontaine A, Gregory A, Liddle D. Hand Injury - Basketball. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000677644.70764.5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) represents a major health care burden. Despite the advent of screening and interventional procedures, the long-term clinical outcomes remain suboptimal, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). While CKD and PAD share common predisposing factors, emerging studies indicate that their co-existence is not merely an association; instead, CKD represents a strong, independent risk factor for PAD. These findings implicate CKD-specific mediators of PAD that remain incompletely understood. Moreover, there is a need to understand the mechanisms underlying poor outcomes after interventions for PAD in CKD. This review discusses unique clinical aspects of PAD in patients with CKD, including high prevalence and worse outcomes after vascular interventions and the influence of renal allograft transplantation. In doing so, it also highlights underappreciated aspects of PAD in patients with CKD, such as disparities in revascularization and higher peri-procedural mortality. While previous reviews have discussed general mechanisms of PAD pathogenesis, focusing on PAD in CKD, this review underscores a need to probe for CKD-specific pathogenic pathways that may unravel novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PAD and ultimately improve the risk stratification and management of patients with CKD and PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkiruka V Arinze
- 1 Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jean M Francis
- 2 Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alik Farber
- 1 Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- 2 Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,4 Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,5 Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Sayer J, Stirland H, Gregory A, Peck M, Deakin M, Lee K. Type 2 and 3 intestinal failure workload at a district general hospital - implications for national commissioning. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Lumba-Brown A, Yeates KO, Sarmiento K, Breiding MJ, Haegerich TM, Gioia GA, Turner M, Benzel EC, Suskauer SJ, Giza CC, Joseph M, Broomand C, Weissman B, Gordon W, Wright DW, Moser RS, McAvoy K, Ewing-Cobbs L, Duhaime AC, Putukian M, Holshouser B, Paulk D, Wade SL, Herring SA, Halstead M, Keenan HT, Choe M, Christian CW, Guskiewicz K, Raksin PB, Gregory A, Mucha A, Taylor HG, Callahan JM, DeWitt J, Collins MW, Kirkwood MW, Ragheb J, Ellenbogen RG, Spinks TJ, Ganiats TG, Sabelhaus LJ, Altenhofen K, Hoffman R, Getchius T, Gronseth G, Donnell Z, O'Connor RE, Timmons SD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Among Children. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:e182853. [PMID: 30193284 PMCID: PMC7006878 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, in children is a rapidly growing public health concern because epidemiologic data indicate a marked increase in the number of emergency department visits for mTBI over the past decade. However, no evidence-based clinical guidelines have been developed to date for diagnosing and managing pediatric mTBI in the United States. Objective To provide a guideline based on a previous systematic review of the literature to obtain and assess evidence toward developing clinical recommendations for health care professionals related to the diagnosis, prognosis, and management/treatment of pediatric mTBI. Evidence Review The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Center for Injury Prevention and Control Board of Scientific Counselors, a federal advisory committee, established the Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Guideline Workgroup. The workgroup drafted recommendations based on the evidence that was obtained and assessed within the systematic review, as well as related evidence, scientific principles, and expert inference. This information includes selected studies published since the evidence review was conducted that were deemed by the workgroup to be relevant to the recommendations. The dates of the initial literature search were January 1, 1990, to November 30, 2012, and the dates of the updated literature search were December 1, 2012, to July 31, 2015. Findings The CDC guideline includes 19 sets of recommendations on the diagnosis, prognosis, and management/treatment of pediatric mTBI that were assigned a level of obligation (ie, must, should, or may) based on confidence in the evidence. Recommendations address imaging, symptom scales, cognitive testing, and standardized assessment for diagnosis; history and risk factor assessment, monitoring, and counseling for prognosis; and patient/family education, rest, support, return to school, and symptom management for treatment. Conclusions and Relevance This guideline identifies the best practices for mTBI based on the current evidence; updates should be made as the body of evidence grows. In addition to the development of the guideline, CDC has created user-friendly guideline implementation materials that are concise and actionable. Evaluation of the guideline and implementation materials is crucial in understanding the influence of the recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J Breiding
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tamara M Haegerich
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gerard A Gioia
- Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Stacy J Suskauer
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher C Giza
- The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles
| | | | - Catherine Broomand
- Center for Neuropsychological Services, Kaiser Permanente, Roseville, California
| | | | - Wayne Gordon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Karen McAvoy
- Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, Colorado
| | - Linda Ewing-Cobbs
- Children's Learning Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas (UT) Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Margot Putukian
- University Health Services, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Shari L Wade
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Meeryo Choe
- The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles
| | - Cindy W Christian
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - P B Raksin
- John H. Stroger, Jr Hospital of Cook County (formerly Cook County Hospital), Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anne Mucha
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James M Callahan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - John DeWitt
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Michael W Collins
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - John Ragheb
- Nicklaus Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Theodore J Spinks
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, St Joseph's Children's Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | - Tom Getchius
- American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Zoe Donnell
- Social Marketing Group, ICF, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Shelly D Timmons
- Penn State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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25
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Lumba-Brown A, Yeates KO, Sarmiento K, Breiding MJ, Haegerich TM, Gioia GA, Turner M, Benzel EC, Suskauer SJ, Giza CC, Joseph M, Broomand C, Weissman B, Gordon W, Wright DW, Moser RS, McAvoy K, Ewing-Cobbs L, Duhaime AC, Putukian M, Holshouser B, Paulk D, Wade SL, Herring SA, Halstead M, Keenan HT, Choe M, Christian CW, Guskiewicz K, Raksin PB, Gregory A, Mucha A, Taylor HG, Callahan JM, DeWitt J, Collins MW, Kirkwood MW, Ragheb J, Ellenbogen RG, Spinks TJ, Ganiats TG, Sabelhaus LJ, Altenhofen K, Hoffman R, Getchius T, Gronseth G, Donnell Z, O'Connor RE, Timmons SD. Diagnosis and Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children: A Systematic Review. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:e182847. [PMID: 30193325 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the research guiding pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) clinical management, in large part because of heightened concerns about the consequences of mTBI, also known as concussion, in children. The CDC National Center for Injury Prevention and Control's (NCIPC) Board of Scientific Counselors (BSC), a federal advisory committee, established the Pediatric Mild TBI Guideline workgroup to complete this systematic review summarizing the first 25 years of literature in this field of study. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of the pediatric mTBI literature to serve as the foundation for an evidence-based guideline with clinical recommendations associated with the diagnosis and management of pediatric mTBI. EVIDENCE REVIEW Using a modified Delphi process, the authors selected 6 clinical questions on diagnosis, prognosis, and management or treatment of pediatric mTBI. Two consecutive searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL, and SportDiscus. The first included the dates January 1, 1990, to November 30, 2012, and an updated search included December 1, 2012, to July 31, 2015. The initial search was completed from December 2012 to January 2013; the updated search, from July 2015 to August 2015. Two authors worked in pairs to abstract study characteristics independently for each article selected for inclusion. A third author adjudicated disagreements. The risk of bias in each study was determined using the American Academy of Neurology Classification of Evidence Scheme. Conclusion statements were developed regarding the evidence within each clinical question, and a level of confidence in the evidence was assigned to each conclusion using a modified GRADE methodology. Data analysis was completed from October 2014 to May 2015 for the initial search and from November 2015 to April 2016 for the updated search. FINDINGS Validated tools are available to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and management of pediatric mTBI. A significant body of research exists to identify features that are associated with more serious TBI-associated intracranial injury, delayed recovery from mTBI, and long-term sequelae. However, high-quality studies of treatments meant to improve mTBI outcomes are currently lacking. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This systematic review was used to develop an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of pediatric mTBI. While an increasing amount of research provides clinically useful information, this systematic review identified key gaps in diagnosis, prognosis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew J Breiding
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tamara M Haegerich
- Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gerard A Gioia
- Children's National Health System, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Stacy J Suskauer
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland.,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher C Giza
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Catherine Broomand
- Kaiser Permanente, Center for Neuropsychological Services, Roseville, California
| | | | - Wayne Gordon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Karen McAvoy
- Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, Colorado
| | - Linda Ewing-Cobbs
- Children's Learning Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | | | - Margot Putukian
- Princeton University, University Health Service, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | - David Paulk
- Kaiser Permanente, Center for Neuropsychological Services, Roseville, California
| | - Shari L Wade
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Meeryo Choe
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Cindy W Christian
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - P B Raksin
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anne Mucha
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - H Gerry Taylor
- Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James M Callahan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - John DeWitt
- Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute and School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Michael W Collins
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - John Ragheb
- Nicklaus Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - T J Spinks
- St. Joseph's Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | - Tom Getchius
- American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Zoe Donnell
- ICF, Social Marketing Group, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Shelly D Timmons
- Penn State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey
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26
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Johnson AS, Wood D, Austin DR, Brahms C, Gregory A, Holzner KB, Jarosch S, Larsen EW, Parker S, Strüber C, Ye P, Tisch JWG, Marangos JP. Apparatus for soft x-ray table-top high harmonic generation. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:083110. [PMID: 30184663 DOI: 10.1063/1.5041498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable recent interest in tabletop soft X-ray attosecond sources enabled by the new generation of intense, few-cycle laser sources at operating wavelengths longer than 800 nm. In our recent work [Johnson et al., Sci. Adv. 4(5), eaar3761 (2018)], we have demonstrated a new regime for the generation of X-ray attosecond pulses in the water window (284-540 eV) by high-harmonic generation, which resulted in soft X-ray fluxes of ≈109 photons/s and a maximum photon energy of 600 eV, an order of magnitude and 50 eV higher, respectively, than previously attained with few-cycle drivers. Here we present the key elements of our apparatus for the generation and detection of soft X-ray high harmonic radiation in the water window. Of critical importance is a differentially pumped gas target capable of supporting the multi-atmospheric pressures required to phase-match the high energy emission while strongly constraining the gas density, suppressing the effects of ionization and absorption outside the interaction region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan S Johnson
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Wood
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dane R Austin
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Brahms
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin B Holzner
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Esben W Larsen
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Parker
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Strüber
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Ye
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - John W G Tisch
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jon P Marangos
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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27
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Gregory A, Sunil K. 334 The sun and your health: Targeting teenagers and adolescents in British Columbia. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Johnson AS, Austin DR, Wood DA, Brahms C, Gregory A, Holzner KB, Jarosch S, Larsen EW, Parker S, Strüber CS, Ye P, Tisch JWG, Marangos JP. High-flux soft x-ray harmonic generation from ionization-shaped few-cycle laser pulses. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar3761. [PMID: 29756033 PMCID: PMC5947981 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven high-harmonic generation provides the only demonstrated route to generating stable, tabletop attosecond x-ray pulses but has low flux compared to other x-ray technologies. We show that high-harmonic generation can produce higher photon energies and flux by using higher laser intensities than are typical, strongly ionizing the medium and creating plasma that reshapes the driving laser field. We obtain high harmonics capable of supporting attosecond pulses up to photon energies of 600 eV and a photon flux inside the water window (284 to 540 eV) 10 times higher than previous attosecond sources. We demonstrate that operating in this regime is key for attosecond pulse generation in the x-ray range and will become increasingly important as harmonic generation moves to fields that drive even longer wavelengths.
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29
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Walgenbach D, Klein JC, Gregory A. The Role of Calmodulin Methionine Oxidation in Regulating Conformational Change. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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30
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Lee JH, Gregory A, Hogarth P, Rogers C, Hayflick SJ. Looking Deep into the Eye-of-the-Tiger in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:583-588. [PMID: 29371252 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A detailed delineation of the MR imaging changes in the globus pallidus in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration will be helpful for diagnosis and monitoring of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the morphologic spectrum of the "eye-of-the-tiger" sign and the topographic pattern of iron deposition in a group of patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-four MR imaging scans from 54 individuals with PANK2 mutations were analyzed for signal patterns in the globus pallidus. Sixteen SWI data from 15 patients who underwent 1.5T (n = 7), 3T (n = 7), and 7T (n = 2) MR imaging were included to visualize the iron topography. RESULTS The linear hyperintensity alongside the medial border of the globus pallidus was the earliest T2 signal change. This finding was evident before SWI changes from iron deposition became visible. T2WI performed in early childhood mostly showed isolated hyperintense signal. In adult patients, marked signal reduction within an earlier hyperintense center resulting from iron accumulation led to the loss of signal difference between the central and surrounding areas. Signal hypointensity on SWI progressed from the medial to the lateral portion of the globus pallidus with increasing age. The fiber connections between the medial globus pallidus and the anteromedial aspect of the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus were markedly hypointense on SWI. CONCLUSIONS In pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, the globus pallidus MR imaging changes using SWI develop as region-specific and age-dependent phenomena. Signal inhomogeneity was observed across the globus pallidus in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration and should be considered when determining the concentration of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Lee
- From the Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics (J.-H.L., A.G., P.H., C.R., S.J.H.) .,Department of Neurology (J.-H.L.), Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - A Gregory
- From the Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics (J.-H.L., A.G., P.H., C.R., S.J.H.)
| | - P Hogarth
- From the Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics (J.-H.L., A.G., P.H., C.R., S.J.H.).,Neurology (P.H., S.J.H.)
| | - C Rogers
- From the Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics (J.-H.L., A.G., P.H., C.R., S.J.H.)
| | - S J Hayflick
- From the Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics (J.-H.L., A.G., P.H., C.R., S.J.H.) .,Neurology (P.H., S.J.H.).,Pediatrics (S.J.H.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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31
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Watts CR, Gregory A, Frisbie C, Lovas S. Effects of force fields on the conformational and dynamic properties of amyloid β(1-40) dimer explored by replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2017; 86:279-300. [PMID: 29235155 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The conformational space and structural ensembles of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and their oligomers in solution are inherently disordered and proven to be challenging to study. Optimum force field selection for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the biophysical relevance of results are still unknown. We compared the conformational space of the Aβ(1-40) dimers by 300 ns replica exchange MD simulations at physiological temperature (310 K) using: the AMBER-ff99sb-ILDN, AMBER-ff99sb*-ILDN, AMBER-ff99sb-NMR, and CHARMM22* force fields. Statistical comparisons of simulation results to experimental data and previously published simulations utilizing the CHARMM22* and CHARMM36 force fields were performed. All force fields yield sampled ensembles of conformations with collision cross sectional areas for the dimer that are statistically significantly larger than experimental results. All force fields, with the exception of AMBER-ff99sb-ILDN (8.8 ± 6.4%) and CHARMM36 (2.7 ± 4.2%), tend to overestimate the α-helical content compared to experimental CD (5.3 ± 5.2%). Using the AMBER-ff99sb-NMR force field resulted in the greatest degree of variance (41.3 ± 12.9%). Except for the AMBER-ff99sb-NMR force field, the others tended to under estimate the expected amount of β-sheet and over estimate the amount of turn/bend/random coil conformations. All force fields, with the exception AMBER-ff99sb-NMR, reproduce a theoretically expected β-sheet-turn-β-sheet conformational motif, however, only the CHARMM22* and CHARMM36 force fields yield results compatible with collapse of the central and C-terminal hydrophobic cores from residues 17-21 and 30-36. Although analyses of essential subspace sampling showed only minor variations between force fields, secondary structures of lowest energy conformers are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Watts
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | - Cole Frisbie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sándor Lovas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
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32
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Fichadiya A, Kotha V, Gregory A, Herget E, Tai E, Holloway D, Appoo J. WHAT IS THE LONG-TERM AORTIC REMODELING OUTCOME AFTER HEMI-ARCH REPAIR FOR ACUTE TYPE A DISSECTION? AN 11-YEAR STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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33
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Miller R, Gregory A, Kent W, Clarke B. RISK OF PERI-OPERATIVE BLEEDING AND OUTCOMES DURING LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE IMPLANTATION. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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34
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Abstract
In the My Teaching Partner (MTP) program, coaches engage teachers in six to nine coaching cycles across a school year. Guided by the program's theory, coaches help teachers reflect on the emotional, organizational, and instructional features of classrooms. MTP was originally developed for Pre-K and early elementary classrooms (MTP Pre-K), but the current paper focuses on the secondary school version of this program, MTP-Secondary (MTP-S), given the need for coaching models with middle and high school teachers. The paper presents the guiding theory of MTP-S and how it relates to key components of the coaching cycle. We then offer a brief synthesis of research demonstrating its effectiveness in raising achievement, promoting positive peer interactions, and reducing racial disparities in teachers' discipline practices. We provide ideas for future research that would help advance theory on the essential components of effective coaching programs in secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gregory
- Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | | | | | - J P Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia
| | - R C Pianta
- Curry School of Education, University of Virginia
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Abstract
Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by muscle pain, weakness and myoglobinuria and ranges in severity from asymptomatic to life threatening with acute kidney failure. While a common condition in adult populations, it is understudied in pediatrics and the majority of adolescent cases are likely exercise-induced, caused by strenuous exercise in athletes. Recently, in our pediatric sports medicine practice, we have seen numerous cases of late adolescent high school athletes who present with severe muscle pain and were found to have elevated creatine kinase levels. The cases review potential contributing factors including characteristics of the workout, use of supplements, caffeine, medication, and metabolic or genetic predisposition. Treatment for exercised-induced rhabdomyolysis rarely requires more than rehydration. Return to play should be progressive, individualized, and include acclimatization and monitoring of hydration status, though guidelines require further review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hummel
- a Department of Pediatrics , Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Andrew Gregory
- a Department of Pediatrics , Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Neerav Desai
- a Department of Pediatrics , Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Alex Diamond
- a Department of Pediatrics , Monroe Carell Jr Childrens Hospital at Vanderbilt , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
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Sallis RE, Matuszak JM, Baggish AL, Franklin BA, Chodzko-Zajko W, Fletcher BJ, Gregory A, Joy E, Matheson G, McBride P, Puffer JC, Trilk J, Williams J. Call to Action on Making Physical Activity Assessment and Prescription a Medical Standard of Care. Curr Sports Med Rep 2016; 15:207-14. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Chain K, Gregory A. Use of Electrocardiogram as Part of the Preparticipation Examination. Pediatr Ann 2016; 45:e26-9. [PMID: 26783971 DOI: 10.3928/00904481-20151214-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A sudden cardiac event or death in a young athlete is a traumatic and memorable event. These tragic events have long-lasting and widespread influences that not only affect the person's immediate family, but also have profound effects on the team, school, and entire community. Over the past several decades there has been a significant research effort in the area of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes in hopes of decreasing preventable deaths. One area of research and discussion that has emerged is the use of electrocardiograms (EKGs) in preparticipation screening examinations as a tool to help identify athletes at risk for SCD. The use of an EKG in addition to a detailed history and physical examination is a controversial and frequently debated topic. To help sort through some of the controversy, this article discusses some of the pros and cons of incorporating the EKG as a screening modality in the preparticipation evaluation for clearance to participate in sports.
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38
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Reeser JC, Gregory A, Berg RL, Comstock RD. A Comparison of Women's Collegiate and Girls' High School Volleyball Injury Data Collected Prospectively Over a 4-Year Period. Sports Health 2015; 7:504-10. [PMID: 26502443 PMCID: PMC4622377 DOI: 10.1177/1941738115600143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a relative paucity of research examining the sport-specific injury epidemiology of high school and collegiate volleyball athletes. Moreover, differences in study methodology frequently limit our ability to compare and contrast injury data collected from selected populations. HYPOTHESIS There are differences between the injury patterns characteristic of high school and collegiate female volleyball athletes. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS We statistically analyzed injury incidence and outcome data collected over a 4-year interval (2005-2006 to 2008-2009) by 2 similar injury surveillance systems, the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Injury Surveillance System (NCAA ISS) and the High School Reporting Injuries Online (HS RIO). We compared diagnoses, anatomic distribution of injuries, mechanisms of injury, and time lost from training or competition between high school and collegiate volleyball athletes. RESULTS The overall volleyball-related injury rate was significantly greater among collegiate athletes than among high school athletes during both competition (injury rate ratio, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4) and practice (injury rate ratio, 3.5; 95% CI, 3.1-3.9). Collegiate athletes had a higher rate of ankle sprain, knee injury, and shoulder injury. Concussions represented a relatively high percentage of injuries in both populations (5.0% of total NCAA ISS injuries vs 4.8% of total HS RIO injuries, respectively). CONCLUSION The data suggest that although similar, there were distinct differences between the injury patterns of the 2 populations. Compared with high school volleyball players, collegiate athletes have a higher rate of acute time loss injury as well as overuse time loss injury (particularly patellar tendinosis). Concussions represented a significant and worrisome component of the injury pattern for both study populations. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The injury data suggest that important differences exist in the injury patterns of female high school compared with collegiate volleyball athletes. Consideration of the specific injury patterns may be helpful in future prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Vanderbilt Sports Medicine Medical Center East, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard L Berg
- Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - R Dawn Comstock
- Colorado School of Public Health, Epidemiology University of Colorado School of Medicine, Pediatrics, Pediatric Injury Prevention, Education, and Research (PIPER) Program, Aurora, Colorado
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39
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Abstract
In 2008, the Concussion in Sport Group (CISG) published its third consensus statement and introduced 10 'modifying' factors that were presumed clinically to influence the investigation and management of concussions in sports. Young age was listed as one of the modifying factors. In some cases, these modifiers were thought to be predictive of prolonged or persistent symptoms. These same modifying factors were retained in the fourth iteration of the CISG consensus statement (2013), although mention was made of possible limitations of their efficacy. The CISG statements provided several empirical references regarding young age as a modifying factor. We reviewed the published sports concussion literature with the purpose of determining empirical studies that support or refute the inclusion of young age as a modifier of concussive injury in sports. We performed a systematic review of the PubMed database utilizing the keywords concussion, sports, mild traumatic brain injury, youth, adolescents, and children. English language studies were extracted by the authors and summarized for review. Multiple empirical studies were found indicating that younger athletes may take longer to recover from a sports-related concussion (SRC) than their older peers. However, studies did not indicate that younger athletes were at more risk for prolonged recovery (>4 wk). Empirical evidence supports the inclusion of young age as a modifying factor in sports concussion. However, the difference in recovery time seems relatively small (a few days) and young age does not predict prolonged recovery (>4 wk). The findings support the inclusion of young age as a specific modifier in the treatment of SRC and have implications for the clinical management of this common injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Foley
- 1Pediatric Orthopedic Associates, Atlanta, GA; 2Vanderbilt Sports Concussion Center, Nashville, TN; 3Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; 4Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; 5Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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41
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Gregory A, Vedio A, Stone B, Green S, Bronsdon C. Targeted testing in primary care demonstrates high prevalence of hepatitis B infection within the Slovak-Roma population in Sheffield, UK. J Viral Hepat 2014; 21:e138-9. [PMID: 25056611 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gregory
- Page Hall Medical Centre, Sheffield, UK.
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42
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DiFiori JP, Benjamin HJ, Brenner JS, Gregory A, Jayanthi N, Landry GL, Luke A. Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48:287-8. [PMID: 24463910 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-093299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P DiFiori
- Division of Sports Medicine and Non-Operative Orthopaedics, Departments of Family Medicine and Orthopaedics, University of California, , Los Angeles, California, USA
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43
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Gregory A. William Harvey, Aristotle and astrology. Br J Hist Sci 2014; 47:199-215. [PMID: 24941731 DOI: 10.1017/s0007087413000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper I argue that William Harvey believed in a form of astrology. It has long been known that Harvey employed a macrocosm-microcosm analogy and used alchemical terminology in describing how the two types of blood change into one another. This paper then seeks to examine a further aspect of Harvey in relation to the magical tradition. There is an important corollary to this line of thought, however. This is that while Harvey does have a belief in astrology, it is strongly related to Aristotle's views in this area and is quite restricted and attenuated relative to some contemporary beliefs in astrology. This suggests a more general thesis. While Harvey was amenable to ideas which we associate with the natural magic tradition, those ideas had a very broad range of formulation and there was a limit to how far he would accept them. This limit was largely determined by Harvey's adherence to Aristotle's natural philosophy and his Christian beliefs. I argue that this is also the case in relation to Harvey's use of the macrocosm-microcosm analogy and of alchemical terminology, and, as far as we can rely on the evidence, this informs his attitudes towards witches as well. Understanding Harvey's influences and motives here is important in placing him properly in the context of early seventeenth-century thought.
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44
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Basey-Fisher TH, Guerra N, Triulzi C, Gregory A, Hanham SM, Stevens MM, Maier SA, Klein N. Blood Measurements: Microwaving Blood as a Non-Destructive Technique for Haemoglobin Measurements on Microlitre Samples (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2014). Adv Healthc Mater 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201470017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Chiara Triulzi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Andrew Gregory
- National Physical Laboratory; Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
| | | | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Department of Physics; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Norbert Klein
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
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45
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Basey-Fisher TH, Guerra N, Triulzi C, Gregory A, Hanham SM, Stevens MM, Maier SA, Klein N. Microwaving blood as a non-destructive technique for haemoglobin measurements on microlitre samples. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:536-42. [PMID: 24002989 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The non-destructive ex vivo determination of haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration offers the capability to conduct multiple red blood cell haematological measurements on a single sample, an advantage that current optical techniques are unable to offer. Here, a microwave method and device for the accurate and non-destructive determination of Hgb concentration in microlitre blood samples are described. Using broadband microwave spectroscopy, a relationship is established between the dielectric properties of murine blood and Hgb concentration that is utilized to create a technique for the determination of Hgb concentration. Subsequently, a microwave dielectric resonator-microfluidic system is implemented in the analysis of 52 murine samples with microlitre volumes and Hgb concentrations ranging from 0 to 17 g dL(-1) . Using the characterized relationship, independent and minimally invasive Hgb measurements are made on nine healthy mice as well as seven with mutations in the Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that leads to colorectal cancer and consequently anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Chiara Triulzi
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Andrew Gregory
- National Physical Laboratory; Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
| | | | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Department of Physics; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Norbert Klein
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ UK
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46
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47
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Abstract
Youth football is a popular sport in the United States and has been for some time. There are currently more than 3 million participants in youth football leagues according to USA Football. While the number of participants and overall injuries may be higher in other sports, football has a higher rate of injuries. Most youth sporting events do not have medical personnel on the sidelines in event of an injury or emergency. Therefore it is necessary for youth sports coaches to undergo basic medical training in order to effectively act in these situations. In addition, an argument could be made that appropriate medical personnel should be on the sideline for collision sports at all levels, from youth to professional. This article will discuss issues pertinent to sideline coverage of youth football, including coaching education, sideline personnel, emergency action plans, age and size divisions, tackle versus flag football, and injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Rizzone
- Vanderbilt Sports Medicine, Medical Center East, Nashville, TN
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48
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Alkarekshi W, Armitage AP, Boyron O, Davies CJ, Govere M, Gregory A, Singh K, Solan GA. Phenolate Substituent Effects on Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone by Aluminum Complexes Bearing 2-(Phenyl-2-olate)-6-(1-amidoalkyl)pyridine Pincers. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om301057d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa Alkarekshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester
LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Armitage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester
LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Olivier Boyron
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés, Université
de Lyon, CNRS-UCBL, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne,
France
| | - Christopher J. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester
LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Matifadza Govere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester
LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Andrew Gregory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester
LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Kuldip Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester
LE1 7RH, U.K
| | - Gregory A. Solan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester
LE1 7RH, U.K
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Gregory A, Hutcheon D. Substituting Peanut Flour for Wheat Flour in a Muffin Recipe to Increase Protein Intake. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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50
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Kilburn R, Gregory A, Murray A. Using a Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo modelling approach to identify the relative risk to farmed Scottish Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a multi-sector industry of Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Viruses from introduction and emergent sources. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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