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Abdelrahman H, Hofmann D, Sleighter RL, Olk DC, Berns AE, Miano T, Shaheen SM, Cocozza C. Molecular composition and possible transformations of labile soil organic matter fractions in Mediterranean arable soils: Relevance and implications. Environ Res 2023:116315. [PMID: 37276976 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the increased global interest in sequestering carbon in soil, it is necessary to understand the composition of different pools of soil organic matter (SOM) that cycle over suitably short timeframes. To explore in detail the chemical composition of agroecologically relevant yet distinct fractions of SOM, the light fraction of SOM (LFOM), the 53-μm particulate organic matter (POM), and the mobile humic acid (MHA) fractions were sequentially extracted from agricultural soils and characterized using both 13C cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy and also Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The NMR results showed a decrease in the O-alkyl C region assigned to carbohydrates (51-110 ppm) and an increase in the aromatic region (111-161 ppm) proceeding from the LFOM to the POM and then to the MHA fraction. Similarly, based on the thousands of molecular formulae assigned to the peaks detected by FT-ICR-MS, condensed hydrocarbons were dominant only in the MHA, while aliphatic formulae were abundant in the POM and LFOM fractions. The molecular formulae of the LFOM and POM were mainly grouped in the high H/C lipid-like and aliphatic space, whereas a portion of the MHA compounds showed an extremely high (17-33, average of 25) double bond equivalent (DBE) values, corresponding to low H/C values of 0.3-0.6, representative of condensed hydrocarbons. The labile components appeared most pronounced in the POM (93% of formulae have H/C ≥ 1.5) similar to the LFOM (89% of formulae have H/C ≥ 1.5) but in contrast to the MHA (74% of formulae have H/C ≥ 1.5). The presence of both labile and recalcitrant components in the MHA fraction suggests that the stability and persistence of soil organic matter is influenced by a complex interaction of physical, chemical, and biological factors in soil. Understanding the composition and distribution of different SOM fractions can provide valuable insights into the processes that govern carbon cycling in soils, which can help inform strategies for sustainable land management and climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Dept., Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Diana Hofmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Daniel C Olk
- USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Anne E Berns
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Jülich, Germany
| | - Teodoro Miano
- DiSSPA-Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Claudio Cocozza
- DiSSPA-Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Esiana BOI, Coates CJ, Adderley WP, Berns AE, Bol R. Phenoloxidase activity and organic carbon dynamics in historic Anthrosols in Scotland, UK. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259205. [PMID: 34705877 PMCID: PMC8550383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are chemical precursor building blocks of soil organic matter. Their occurrence can be inhibitory to certain enzymes present in soil, thereby influencing the rate of decomposition of soil organic matter. Microbe-derived phenoloxidases (laccases) are extracellular enzymes capable of degrading recalcitrant polyphenolic compounds. In this study, our aim was to investigate the relationships between phenoloxidase enzyme activity, organic carbon content and microbial abundance in the context of long-term anthropogenically amended soils. To achieve this, we used a series of complementary biochemical analytical methods including gas chromatography, enzyme assays and solid-state Carbon-13 Cross Polarisation Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (13C CPMAS NMR). Using several anthrosols found in St Andrews (Scotland, UK) that had been subjected to intense anthropogenic modification since the medieval period (11th century AD) to present-day, we were able to scope the impact of past waste disposal on soils. The long-term anthropogenic impact led to organic matter-rich soils. Overall, phenoloxidase activity increased by up to 2-fold with soil depth (up to 100 cm) and was inversely correlated with microbial biomass. Solid-state 13C NMR characterisation of carbon species revealed that the observed decline in soil organic matter with depth corresponded to decreases in the labile organic carbon fractions as evidenced by changes in the O/N-alkyl C region of the spectra. The increase in phenoloxidase activity with depth would appear to be a compensatory mechanism for the reduced quantities of organic carbon and lower overall nutrient environment in subsoils. By enzymatically targeting phenolic compounds, microbes can better utilise recalcitrant carbon when other labile soil carbon sources become limited, thereby maintaining metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benneth O. I. Esiana
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Graduate School – Research, Aomori Public University, Aomori, Japan
- * E-mail: (BOIE); (CJC)
| | - Christopher J. Coates
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (BOIE); (CJC)
| | - W. Paul Adderley
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E. Berns
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3 Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3 Agrosphere), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom
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Manna S, Singh N, Purakayastha T, Berns AE. Effect of deashing on physico-chemical properties of wheat and rice straw biochars and potential sorption of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Berns AE, Philipp H, Lewandowski H, Choi JH, Lamshöft M, Narres HD. Interactions of 15N-Sulfadiazine and Soil Components As Evidenced by 15N-CPMAS NMR. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:3748-3757. [PMID: 29465228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of sulfonamides (SNs) in animal husbandry has led to an unintentional widespread occurrence in several environmental compartments. The implementation of regulations and management recommendations to reduce the potential risk of development of antibiotic resistances necessitates detailed knowledge on their fate in soil. We present results from two independent incubation studies of 15N-labeled sulfadiazines (SDZ) which focused on identifying binding types in bound residues. In the first study 15N-amino labeled SDZ was incubated with two previously isolated humic acids in the presence and absence of Trametes versicolor laccase, while in the second study 15N-double-labeled SDZ was incubated with a typical agricultural Luvisol and the humic acid fraction isolated after sequential extraction of the soil. The freeze-dried humic acid fractions of both studies were then analyzed by 15N-CPMAS NMR and compared with the 15N-spectra of synthesized model compounds. In both studies amide bonds and Michael adducts were identified, while formation of imine bonds could be excluded. In the humic acid study, where less harsh extraction methods were applied, possible formation of H-bridging and sequestration were additionally detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Berns
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3) - Agrosphere , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Herbert Philipp
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3) - Agrosphere , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Hans Lewandowski
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3) - Agrosphere , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
| | - Jeong-Heui Choi
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) , Dortmund University of Technology , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Marc Lamshöft
- Institute of Environmental Research (INFU) , Dortmund University of Technology , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Narres
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3) - Agrosphere , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich , Germany
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Mehmood K, Berns AE, Pütz T, Burauel P, Vereecken H, Opitz T, Zoriy M, Hofmann D. No effect of digestate amendment on Cs-137 and Sr-90 translocation in lysimeter experiments. Chemosphere 2017; 172:310-315. [PMID: 28086159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The soil-plant transfer of Cs-137 and Sr-90 in different crops was determined with respect to the present-day amendment practice of using digestate from biogas fermenters. The studies were performed using large lysimeters filled with undisturbed luvisol monoliths. In contrast to the conservative tracer, Br-, neither of the studied radionuclides showed a significant vertical translocation nor effect of the applied digestate amendment compared to a non-amended control was found. Furthermore, no significant plant uptake was measured for both nuclides in wheat or oat as indicated by the low transfer factors between soil-shoot for Cs-137 (TF 0.001-0.010) and for Sr-90 (0.10-0.51). The transfer into nutritionally relevant plant parts was even lower with transfer factors for soil-grain for Cs-137 (TF 0.000-0.001) and for Sr-90 (0.01-0.06). Hence, the amendment with biogas digestate is unfortunately not an option to further reduce plant uptake of these radionuclides in agricultural crops, but it does not increase plant uptake either.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anne E Berns
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Pütz
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Burauel
- Sustainable Campus (ZC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Opitz
- Institute of Safety and Radiation Protection (S), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Myroslav Zoriy
- Institute of Safety and Radiation Protection (S), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Diana Hofmann
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3)(Taiz, 2006 #36), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Leo-Brandt-Strasse, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Zhang M, Engelhardt I, Šimůnek J, Bradford SA, Kasel D, Berns AE, Vereecken H, Klumpp E. Co-transport of chlordecone and sulfadiazine in the presence of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in soils. Environ Pollut 2017; 221:470-479. [PMID: 28012669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Batch and saturated soil column experiments were conducted to investigate sorption and mobility of two 14C-labeled contaminants, the hydrophobic chlordecone (CLD) and the sulfadiazine (SDZ), in the absence or presence of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The transport behaviors of CLD, SDZ, and MWCNTs were studied at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.1-10 mg L-1) and they were applied in the column studies at different times. The breakthrough curves and retention profiles were simulated using a numerical model that accounted for the advective-dispersive transport of all compounds, attachment/detachment of MWCNTs, equilibrium and kinetic sorption of contaminants, and co-transport of contaminants with MWCNTs. The experimental results indicated that the presence of mobile MWCNTs facilitated remobilization of previously deposited CLD and its co-transport into deeper soil layers, while retained MWCNTs enhanced SDZ deposition in the topsoil layers due to the increased adsorption capacity of the soil. The modeling results then demonstrated that the mobility of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in the environment and the high affinity and entrapment of contaminants to ENPs were the main reasons for ENP-facilitated contaminant transport. On the other hand, immobile MWCNTs had a less significant impact on the contaminant transport, even though they were still able to enhance the adsorption capacity of the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyue Zhang
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Irina Engelhardt
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; TU Freiberg, Department of Hydrogeology, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jirka Šimůnek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Scott A Bradford
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | - Daniela Kasel
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anne E Berns
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Erwin Klumpp
- Agrosphere Institute (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Gottselig N, Wiekenkamp I, Weihermüller L, Brüggemann N, Berns AE, Bogena HR, Borchard N, Klumpp E, Lücke A, Missong A, Pütz T, Vereecken H, Huisman JA, Bol R. A Three-Dimensional View on Soil Biogeochemistry: A Dataset for a Forested Headwater Catchment. J Environ Qual 2017; 46:210-218. [PMID: 28177415 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.07.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of the variability in soil properties and their relationship to processes and spatial patterns in forested landscapes is limited due to the scarcity of datasets providing such information. Here we present a spatially highly resolved dataset () that provides detailed information on the three-dimensional variability of biogeochemical properties in the Wüstebach catchment (western Germany), a long-term environmental observation site of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) project. High-resolution soil sampling was conducted, and physical and biogeochemical soil parameters were recorded per horizon. The dataset is helpful in the analysis of the spatial heterogeneity in biogeochemical properties within soil horizons and with depth through the soil profile. In addition, it shows links between hydrological and biogeochemical properties and processes within the system. Overall, the dataset provides a high-resolution view into (re)cycling, leaching, and storage of nutrients on the catchment scale in a forested headwater catchment.
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Dutta A, Mandal A, Manna S, Singh SB, Berns AE, Singh N. Effect of organic carbon chemistry on sorption of atrazine and metsulfuron-methyl as determined by (13)C-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:620. [PMID: 26353968 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) content is the major soil component affecting pesticide sorption. However, recent studies have highlighted the fact that it is not the total carbon content of the organic matter, but its chemical structure which have a profound effect on the pesticide's sorption. In the present study, sorption of atrazine and metsulfuron-methyl herbicides was studied in four SOM fractions viz. commercial humic acid, commercial lignin, as well as humic acid and humin extracted from a compost. Sorption data was fitted to the Freundlich adsorption equation. In general, the Freundlich slope (1/n) values for both the herbicides were <1. Except for atrazine sorption on commercial humic acid, metsulfuron-methyl was more sorbed. Desorption results suggested that atrazine was more desorbed than metsulfuron-methyl. Lignin, which showed least sorption of both the herbicides, showed minimum desorption. Sorption of atrazine was best positively correlated with the alkyl carbon (adjusted R (2) = 0.748) and carbonyl carbon (adjusted R (2) = 0.498) but, their effect was statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.05). Metsulfuron-methyl sorption showed best positive correlation with carbonyl carbon (adjusted R (2) = 0.960; P = 0.05) content. Sorption of both the herbicides showed negative correlation with O/N-alkyl carbon. Correlation of herbicide's sorption with alkyl and carbonyl carbon content of SOM fractions suggested their contribution towards herbicide sorption. But, sorption of metsulfuron-methyl, relatively more polar than atrazine, was mainly governed by the polar groups in SOM. IR spectra showed that H-bonds and charge-transfer bonds between SOM fraction and herbicides probably operated as mechanisms of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dutta
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suman Manna
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S B Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anne E Berns
- Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG-3), 52425, Juelich, Germany
| | - Neera Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Cimò G, Kucerik J, Berns AE, Schaumann GE, Alonzo G, Conte P. Effect of heating time and temperature on the chemical characteristics of biochar from poultry manure. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:1912-1918. [PMID: 24506474 DOI: 10.1021/jf405549z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Poultry manure (PM) chars were obtained at different temperatures and charring times. Chemical-physical characterization of the different PM chars was conducted by cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) (13)C NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. CPMAS (13)C NMR spectra showed that the chemical composition of PM char is dependent on production temperature rather than on production duration. Aromatic and alkyl domains in the PM chars obtained at the lowest temperatures remained unchanged at all heating times applied for their production. The PM char obtained at the highest temperature consisted only of aromatic structures having chemical nature that also appeared invariant with heating time. Thermogravimetry revealed differences in the thermo-oxidative stability of the aromatic domains in the different PM chars. The PM char produced at the highest temperature appeared less stable than those produced at the lowest temperatures. This difference was explained by a protective effect of the alkyl groups, which are still present in chars formed at lower temperature. The analysis of the chemical and physicochemical character of poultry manure chars produced at different temperatures can increase understanding of the role of these materials in the properties and behavior of char-amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cimò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo , v.le delle Scienze edificio 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Fernández-Bayo JD, Saison C, Voltz M, Disko U, Hofmann D, Berns AE. Chlordecone fate and mineralisation in a tropical soil (andosol) microcosm under aerobic conditions. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:395-403. [PMID: 23827360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine insecticide that, even decades after its ban, poses a threat to the environment and human health. Nevertheless, its environmental fate in soils has scarcely been investigated, and elementary data on its degradation and behaviour in soil are lacking. The mineralisation and sorption of chlordecone and the formation of possible metabolites were evaluated in a tropical agricultural andosol. Soil microcosms with two different soil horizons (S-A and S-B) were incubated for 215 days with 14C-chlordecone. At five different times (1, 33, 88, 150 and 215 days) the extractability of 14C-chlordecone was analysed. Mineralisation was monitored using 14CO2 traps of NaOH. The appearance of metabolites was studied using thin layer and gas chromatography techniques. At the end of the experiment, the water soluble 14C-activity was 2% of the remaining 14C-chlordecone for S-A and 8% for S-B. Only 12% of the remaining activity was non extractable and more than 80% remained extractable with organic solvents. For the first time to our knowledge, a significant mineralisation of chlordecone was measured in a microcosm under aerobic conditions (4.9% for S-A and 3.2% for S-B of the initial 14C-activity). The drastically lower emission of 14CO2 in sterilised microcosms indicated the biological origin of chlordecone mineralisation in the non-sterilised microcosms. No metabolites could be detected in the soil extracts. The mineralisation rate of chlordecone decreased by one order of magnitude throughout the incubation period. Thus, the chlordecone content in the soil remained large. This study confirms the existence of chlordecone degrading organisms in a tropical andosol. The reasons why their activity is restricted should be elucidated to allow the development of bioremediation approaches. Possible reasons are a heterogeneous distribution a chlordecone between sub-compartments with different microbial activities or a degradation of chlordecone by co-metabolic processes controlled by a limited supply of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus D Fernández-Bayo
- IRD, UMR LISAH Bât 24, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France; INRA, UMR LISAH Bât 24, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.
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Niedrée B, Berns AE, Vereecken H, Burauel P. Do Chernobyl-like contaminations with (137)Cs and (90)Sr affect the microbial community, the fungal biomass and the composition of soil organic matter in soil? J Environ Radioact 2013; 118:21-29. [PMID: 23231995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
(137)Cs and (90)Sr are the main radionuclides responsible for contamination of agricultural soils due to core melts in nuclear power plants such as Chernobyl or Fukushima. The present study focused on effects of Chernobyl-like contaminations on the bacterial and fungal community structure, the fungal biomass and the formation of soil organic matter in native and in sterilized and reinoculated soils. 2% wheat straw [m/m] was applied to a typical agricultural soil, artificially contaminated with (137)Cs and (90)Sr, and it was then incubated in microcosms for three months at 20 °C and 50% of the water-holding capacity. The development of the microbial communities was monitored with 16S and 18S rDNA denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The quantification of the ergosterol content was used as a proxy for changes in the fungal biomass. Changes in the soil organic matter were determined using the (13)C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnet resonance technique ((13)C-CP/MAS NMR). Slight but significant population shifts in the DGGE gel patterns could be related to the applied radionuclides. However, radiation-induced impacts could not be seen in either the chemical composition of the soil organic matter or in the development of the fungal biomass. Impacts caused by sterilization and reinoculation prevailed in the microcosms of the present study. Contaminations with (137)Cs or (90)Sr up to 50-fold that of the hotspots occurring in Chernobyl led to minor changes in soil microbial functions suggesting a strong resilience of natural soils with respect to radioactive contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Niedrée
- Agrosphere Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen Str., 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Jablonowski ND, Borchard N, Zajkoska P, Fernández-Bayo JD, Martinazzo R, Berns AE, Burauel P. Biochar-mediated [14C]atrazine mineralization in atrazine-adapted soils from Belgium and Brazil. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:512-6. [PMID: 23265348 DOI: 10.1021/jf303957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar addition to soil has been reported to reduce the microbial degradation of pesticides due to sorption of the active compound. This study investigated whether the addition of hardwood biochar alters the mineralization of (14)C-labeled atrazine in two atrazine-adapted soils from Belgium and Brazil at different moisture regimens. Biochar addition resulted in an equally high or even in a significantly higher atrazine mineralization compared to the soils without biochar. Statistical analysis revealed that the extent of atrazine mineralization was more influenced by the specific soil than by the addition of biochar. It was concluded that biochar amendment up to 5% by weight does not negatively affect the mineralization of atrazine by an atrazine-adapted soil microflora.
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Li C, Berns AE, Schäffer A, Séquaris JM, Vereecken H, Ji R, Klumpp E. Effect of structural composition of humic acids on the sorption of a branched nonylphenol isomer. Chemosphere 2011; 84:409-414. [PMID: 21524780 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
By using dialysis equilibrium experiments, the sorption of a branched nonylphenol isomer [4-(1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylpentyl)-phenol] (NP111) on various humic acids (HAs) isolated from river sediments and two reference HAs was studied. The HAs were characterized by solid-state (13)C direct polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C DP/MAS NMR) spectroscopy. Sorption isotherms of NP111 on HAs were described by a linear model. The organic carbon-normalized sorption coefficient (K(OC)) ranged from 2.3×10(3) to 1.5×10(4)Lkg(-1). Interestingly, a clear correlation between K(OC) value and alkyl C content was observed, indicating that the aliphaticity of HAs markedly dominates the sorption of NP111. These new mechanistic insights about the NP111 sorption indicate that the fate of nonylphenols in soil or sediment depends not only on the content of HA, but also on its structural composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Li
- Institute Agrosphere, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Berns AE, Conte P. Effect of RF Field Inhomogeneity and Sample Restriction on Spectral Resolution of CP/MAS-13C NMR Spectra of Natural Organic Matter~!2009-07-15~!2009-12-11~!2010-06-18~! ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1874769801003020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Altenburger R, Kühnel D, Bittens M, Daus B, Brack W, Centler F, Harms H, Thullner M, Wick LY, Goss KU, Kopinke FD, Mackenzie K, Miltner A, Liess M, Wennrich R, Berns AE, Burauel P. Chemicals in the Environment (CITE). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12302-010-0142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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E. Berns A. Effect of RF Field Inhomogeneity and Sample Restriction on Spectral Resolution of CP/MAS-13C NMR Spectra of Natural Organic Matter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1874769801003010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Singh N, Berns AE, Hennecke D, Hoerner J, Koerdel W, Schaeffer A. Effect of soil organic matter chemistry on sorption of trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene. J Hazard Mater 2010; 173:343-348. [PMID: 19748732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of organic contaminants in soil is mainly attributed to the soil organic matter (SOM) content. However, recent studies have highlighted the fact that it is not the total carbon content of the organic matter, but its chemical structure which have a profound effect on the sorption of organic contaminants. In the present study sorption of two nitroaromatic contaminants viz. trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) was studied in different SOM fractions viz. a commercial humic acid, commercial lignin and humic acid and humin extracted from a compost. (13)C-DP/MAS NMR studies indicated that the structural composition of the organic carbon in different SOM fractions was different. The order of sorption of the nitroaromatics in the different sorbents was: humic acid-commercial>humic acid-compost>humin approximately lignin. Among the aliphatic and aromatic carbon fractions (representing bulk of SOM matrix), adsorption parameter K(f)(1/n) for nitroaromatics sorption correlated well with the aliphatic carbon (r=0.791 for TNT and 0.829 for 2,4-DNT) than the aromatic carbon (r=0.634 for TNT and r=0.616 for 2,4-DNT). However, among carbon containing functional groups, carbonyl carbon showed strong positive correlation with sorption of TNT (r=0.991) and 2,4-DNT (r=0.967) while O-alkyl carbon showed negative correlation (r=0.832 for TNT and r=0.828 for 2,4-DNT). The study indicates that aliphatic domains in the SOM significantly affect the non-specific sorption of both the nitroaromatic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neera Singh
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.
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Berns AE, Schnitzler F, Drewes N, Vereecken H, Burauel P. Dynamics of benazolin under the influence of degrading maize straw in undisturbed soil columns. Environ Toxicol Chem 2007; 26:2151-7. [PMID: 17867883 DOI: 10.1897/07-009r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of organic carbon amendment on the fate of benazolin was investigated in undisturbed soil columns. The soil columns were obtained from three different soil types located in three different regions with different crop production regimes. All soils were operated in a normal crop production regime, and one of the soils was additionally operated in low and high crop production regimes. Two experimental setups were conducted, one using [(14)C]maize straw and nonlabeled benazolin and one using nonlabeled maize straw and [(14)C]benazolin. The column experiments with [(14)C]maize straw showed that the residual crop residues remained mainly in the top layer. Benazolin and its metabolites showed a higher retention in columns that were amended with maize straw compared to column without amendment. The production regimes of the soils did not influence the behavior of benazolin. The effect of maize straw incorporation on the translocation and degradation of benazolin could well be caused by a change in the soil microbial activity, leading to an enhanced degradation of benazolin and producing metabolites exhibiting a sorption behavior different from the parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Berns
- Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere, Institute 4: Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Zhang Z, Berns AE, Willbold S, Buitenhuis J. Synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted colloidal silica particles with improved stability in aqueous solvents. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 310:446-55. [PMID: 17346738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The known grafting procedures of colloidal silica particles with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) lead to grafting layers that detach from the silica surface and dissolve in water within a few days. We present a new grafting procedure of PEG onto silica with a significant improvement of the stability of the grafting layers in aqueous solvents. Moreover, the procedure avoids any dry states or other circumstances leading to strong aggregation of the particles. To achieve the improved water stability, Stöber silica particles are first pre-coated with a silane coupling agent (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APS) to incorporate active amine groups. The water solubility of the pre-coating layer was minimized using a combination of APS with bis-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)amine (BTMOSPA) or bis-(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTEOSE). These pre-coated particles were then reacted with N-succinimidyl ester of mono-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) carboxylic acid to form PEG-grafted silica particles. The particles form stable dispersions in aqueous solutions as well as several organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkun Zhang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, IFF-Weiche Materie, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Schnitzler F, Lavorenti A, Berns AE, Drewes N, Vereecken H, Burauel P. The influence of maize residues on the mobility and binding of benazolin: investigating physically extracted soil fractions. Environ Pollut 2007; 147:4-13. [PMID: 17240026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Revised: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 09/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The amount of non-extractable residues and the distribution of benazolin and its metabolites were evaluated three months after herbicide application (14C-labelled) in physically extracted soil fractions of topsoil layers of undisturbed soil columns with and without incorporated maize straw (14C-labelled). In addition, a variety of wet-chemical and spectroscopic methods were used to characterise the structure of organic carbon within the different soil fractions. The addition of crop residues increased the amount of dissolved organic carbon, enhanced the aromaticity of the organic carbon structure and enforced the aggregation of organomineral complexes. After incorporation of crop residues, an increase in the formation of metabolic compounds of benazolin and of non-extractable residues was detected. These results indicate that the addition of crop residues leads to a decrease in mobility and bioaccessibility of benazolin and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Schnitzler
- Agrosphere, ICG IV, Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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