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D'Souza AM, Mark J, Demarcantonio M, Leino D, Sisson R, Geller JI. Pediatric laryngeal carcinoma in a heterozygous carrier of Fanconi anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28139070 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A case of invasive, keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx in an 8-year-old female treated with laryngectomy is presented. Perinatal exposure to human papilloma virus and constitutional heterozygosity for a FANCC mutation were identified, though FANCC heterozygosity is not known to be cancer predisposing. An additional tumor-associated mutation in NOTCH1 was also identified potentially contributing to oncogenesis. This case illustrates an exceedingly rare type of cancer in the pediatric population and discusses diagnostic workup, evaluation of risk factors for head and neck cancer, and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M D'Souza
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J Mark
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - M Demarcantonio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - D Leino
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - R Sisson
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - J I Geller
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Petrassi M, Barber R, Be C, Beach S, Cox B, D'Souza AM, Duggan N, Hussey M, Fox R, Hunt P, Jarai G, Kosaka T, Oakley P, Patel V, Press N, Rowlands D, Scheufler C, Schmidt O, Srinivas H, Turner M, Turner R, Westwick J, Wolfreys A, Pathan N, Watson S, Thomas M. Identification of a Novel Allosteric Inhibitory Site on Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 Enabling Unprecedented Selectivity Over all Related Hydroxylases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:240. [PMID: 28529483 PMCID: PMC5418348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has demonstrated multi-serotonin receptor dependent pathologies, characterized by increased tone (5-HT1B receptor) and complex lesions (SERT, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2B receptors) of the pulmonary vasculature together with right ventricular hypertrophy, ischemia and fibrosis (5-HT2B receptor). Selective inhibitors of individual signaling elements – SERT, 5-HT2A, 5HT2B, and combined 5-HT2A/B receptors, have all been tested clinically and failed. Thus, inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate limiting step in 5-HT synthesis, has been suggested as a more broad, and thereby more effective, mode of 5-HT inhibition. However, selectivity over non-pathogenic enzyme family members, TPH2, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and tyrosine hydroxylase has hampered therapeutic development. Here we describe the site/sequence, biochemical, and biophysical characterization of a novel allosteric site on TPH1 through which selectivity over TPH2 and related aromatic amino acid hydroxylases is achieved. We demonstrate the mechanism of action by which novel compounds selectively inhibit TPH1 using surface plasma resonance and enzyme competition assays with both tryptophan ligand and BH4 co-factor. We demonstrate 15-fold greater potency within a human carcinoid cell line versus the most potent known TPH1/2 non-specific inhibitor. Lastly, we detail a novel canine in vivo system utilized to determine effective biologic inhibition of newly synthesized 5-HT. These findings are the first to demonstrate TPH1-selective inhibition and may pave the way to a truly effective means to reduce pathologic 5-HT and thereby treat complex remodeling diseases such as PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Petrassi
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Rob Barber
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Celine Be
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchBasel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Beach
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Brian Cox
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Anne-Marie D'Souza
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Nick Duggan
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Martin Hussey
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Roy Fox
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Peter Hunt
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Takatoshi Kosaka
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Paul Oakley
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Viral Patel
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Neil Press
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - David Rowlands
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | | | - Oliver Schmidt
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | | | - Mary Turner
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Rob Turner
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - John Westwick
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Alison Wolfreys
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Nuzhat Pathan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Simon Watson
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK.,Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZenecaGothenburg, Sweden
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Reilly S, Dhillon BJ, Nkanza KM, D'Souza AM, Taylor N, Hobbs SJ, Freke A, Roome AP. Adenovirus type 8 keratoconjunctivitis--an outbreak and its treatment with topical human fibroblast interferon. J Hyg (Lond) 1986; 96:557-75. [PMID: 3016080 PMCID: PMC2129685 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400066365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis is described which involved at least 186 people; adenovirus type 8 was identified in 50 of the cases. Topical human fibroblast interferon was assessed in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which 34 patients participated. Seventeen of the 34 trial patients yielded adenovirus type 8; three were infected with adenovirus type 7. The outbreak was curtailed by control of infection measures: principally careful hand-washing by medical personnel between cases and by discouraging attendance of new cases at the Eye Infirmary. Consequently the trial numbers are small. In addition there was a wide interpatient variation in the severity of infection. Therefore it was not possible to make any statistically valid conclusions concerning the recovery rate of patients receiving interferon or placebo.
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