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Duarte MJ, Tien PC, Kardashian A, Ma Y, Hunt P, Kuniholm MH, Adimora AA, Fischl MA, French AL, Topper E, Konkle-Parker D, Minkoff H, Ofotokun I, Plankey M, Sharma A, Price JC. Microbial Translocation and Gut Damage Are Associated With an Elevated Fast Score in Women Living With and Without HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae187. [PMID: 38680610 PMCID: PMC11055391 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Steatohepatitis is common in persons living with HIV and may be associated with gut microbial translocation (MT). However, few studies have evaluated the gut-liver axis in persons living with HIV. In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we examined the associations of HIV and circulating biomarkers linked to MT and gut damage using the FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase (FAST) score, a noninvasive surrogate for steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis. Methods Among 883 women with HIV and 354 without HIV, we used multivariable regression to examine the associations of HIV and serum biomarkers linked to MT and gut damage (kynurenine and tryptophan ratio, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, soluble CD14, and soluble CD163) with a log-transformed FAST score after adjusting for key covariates. We used a path analysis and mediation models to determine the mediating effect of each biomarker on the association of HIV with FAST. Results HIV infection was associated with a 49% higher FAST score. MT biomarker levels were higher in women with HIV than women without HIV (P < .001 for each). MT biomarkers mediated 13% to 32% of the association of HIV and FAST score. Conclusions Biomarkers linked to MT and gut damage are associated with a higher FAST score and mediate the association of HIV with a higher FAST score. Our findings suggest that MT may be an important mechanism by which HIV increases the risk of steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Duarte
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Phyllis C Tien
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ani Kardashian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark H Kuniholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Adaora A Adimora
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret A Fischl
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Audrey L French
- Department of Medicine, CORE Center/Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Topper
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Konkle-Parker
- School of Nursing, Medicine and Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Howard Minkoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Downstate Health Sciences University, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Ighovwerha Ofotokun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Plankey
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer C Price
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Horne S, Hunt P, Hall B, Jefferys S, Vassallo J, Gurney I. War and disaster are forcing a major rethink around mass casualty management. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002489. [PMID: 37709506 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Mass casualty events (MASCAL) do not follow the same rules as typical major incidents. In the West at least, the latter often occur in stable, networked trauma systems, whereas MASCAL are characterised by overwhelming numbers of patients, compounded by protracted scene and transport times, decompensated response systems and significant disruption to infrastructure, command and control.This paper describes the 8Ds approach being taken by the UK Defence Medical Services and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Emergency Medicine Panel framework to approach MASCAL. The eight domains were derived from literature about management of casualties in the World Wars, and also from approaches taken by civilian health systems as they struggle to manage increasing demand. They are: distribute; decompress; delay; delegate; deliver faster and deliver better; dynamic levels of care; and de-escalate These domains will allow a structured approach to research and innovate around MASCAL, informing better guidelines for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Horne
- Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Hunt
- 16 Medical Regiment, Colchester, UK
| | - B Hall
- Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - J Vassallo
- Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - I Gurney
- Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
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3
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Scott L, Laker-Oketta M, Byakwaga H, Glidden D, Mwebesa B, Muzoora C, Maurer T, Assenzio M, Hunt P, Bangsberg D, Haberer J, Martin J. Impact of Kaposi Sarcoma on Quality of Life Amongst HIV-infected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in East Africa. medRxiv 2023:2023.07.21.23292658. [PMID: 37546765 PMCID: PMC10402209 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.23292658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, increased antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability has improved survival after diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) compared to the pre-ART era, but mortality among patients with KS is still considerably higher than HIV-infected persons without KS. Furthermore, among those patients with KS who are treated initially with ART without adjunct chemotherapy and who do survive, little is known about how well they function and feel - quality of life (QOL) - compared to those without KS. METHODS Among HIV-infected adults initiating ART in two prospective studies in Uganda, we compared those presenting with KS to those without KS. QOL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Survey-HIV instrument prior to ART initiation and at 16, 32, and 48 weeks thereafter; higher scores indicate better QOL. To ascertain the independent effect of KS versus non-KS on 11 domains of QOL and two summary scores, we created mixed effects models adjusted for directed acyclic graph-informed confounders. RESULTS We examined 224 participants with KS and 730 without KS, among whom 64% were women and median age was 34 years. Prior to ART initiation, participants had a median CD4+ T count of 159 cells/mm3 and plasma HIV RNA of 5.1 log10 copies/ml. In adjusted analyses prior to ART initiation, those with KS had lower mean scores in 8 of 11 QOL domains and both physical and mental health summary scores compared to those without KS. After 48 weeks of ART, those with KS had higher mean QOL scores compared those without KS in 4 domains and the mental health summary score, and lower scores in only one domain. There was no significant difference in 6 domains and the physical health summary score. CONCLUSIONS Amongst HIV-infected adults in East Africa, at time of ART initiation, those with KS had worse mean QOL compared to those without KS. Over the first year of ART, those with KS became comparable to or exceeded those without KS in most QOL domains. The findings indicate that some patients with KS can be treated with ART alone and further emphasize the need to predict those who will do well with ART alone versus those who need additional initial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Scott
- University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Bwana Mwebesa
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda
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4
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Hastie E, Moser C, Sun X, Lennox J, Hsue PY, Bosch RJ, Deeks S, Meneses MV, Lederman MM, Hunt P, Henrich TJ, Marconi VC, Gianella S. Effect of Immune-Modulatory Interventions on Asymptomatic Cytomegalovirus Shedding During Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:64-69. [PMID: 36881933 PMCID: PMC10490531 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term consequences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are likely the result of persistent inflammation and immune dysfunction of which cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a known contributor. We leveraged 2 AIDS Clinical Trials Group clinical trials exploring the effects of immune modulators (ruxolitinib and sirolimus) on inflammation in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy to determine whether these interventions affected CMV shedding at various mucosal sites. Analyzing 635 mucosal samples collected, we found no significant difference in CMV levels across study arms or time points. Men had more CMV shedding than women. We did confirm an association between higher CMV DNA and immune markers associated with HIV persistence and HIV-associated mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hastie
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Carlee Moser
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lennox
- Department of Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine and Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Priscilla Y Hsue
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ronald J Bosch
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Milenka V Meneses
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vincent C Marconi
- Department of Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine and Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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5
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Chen J, Hunt P, Khordoc C, Hardy E, Mitchell C. Quality of life (QoL) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF): a systematic review. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with significant clinical unmet need as mortality and morbidity rates are high despite current treatments. Patient-reported quality of life (QoL) is an important and clinically relevant endpoint in patients with HF so understanding the impact of HFpEF on QoL is essential.
Purpose
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize data on QoL in HFpEF.
Methods
Systematic searches of Medline, Medline Epub Ahead of Print (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations), Embase, and EBM Reviews were conducted in October 2021. Congress proceedings from the past 3 years and reference lists of included publications were also searched. Publications were screened against eligibility criteria by title/abstract and then by full text. Eligibility criteria included clinical studies of any design reporting baseline QoL in adults with HFpEF published from 2016 onwards.
Results
The electronic database search identified 6,403 articles on HFpEF. After screening, 35 full publications reporting HFpEF and QoL were included. Study designs included observational cohort (n=17), cross-sectional (n=3), and post-hoc analyses of interventional studies (n=15). Tools used to measure QoL included KCCQ (n=17), MLHFQ (n=12), EQ-5D-VAS (n=8), SF-12 (n=2), SF-36 (n=2), and EHFSQ-1 (n=1). Health-state utility values (HSUVs) were captured using EQ-5D in four studies. HSUVs in HFpEF ranged from 0.67–0.74, indicating a substantial QoL burden. Eleven studies using various instruments compared QoL in patients with HFpEF vs non-HFpEF (Table 1). Of these, five reported statistically significantly poorer QOL in HFpEF vs non-HFpEF, one reported statistically significantly poorer QOL in non-HFpEF vs HFpEF and five found no statistically significant difference between HF subtypes. Four studies compared QoL in men vs women with three reporting statistically significantly worse QoL in women. Three studies examined the impact of comorbidities, and all reported statistically significantly poorer QoL in patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome. Two studies examined the effect of age; one reported that, vs elderly patients (age ≥85 years), younger patients (age ≤55 years) with HFpEF had statistically significantly worse QoL despite having fewer comorbidities; in contrast, the second study reported that younger patients (age ≤55 years) had statistically significantly better QoL than elderly patients (age ≥75 years). Two studies reported on hospitalizations, with one reporting no difference in QoL between patients who had previously been hospitalized and those who had not and the other reporting that readmission for HF correlated with QoL.
Conclusions
QoL burden among HFpEF patients is substantial. QoL may be affected by age, comorbidities, gender, and prior hospitalization, and may be associated with poorer outcomes. QoL in HFpEF is generally poorer than in non-HFpEF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): AstraZeneca
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- AstraZenca, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D , Gaithersburg , United States of America
| | - P Hunt
- AstraZenca, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D , Gaithersburg , United States of America
| | - C Khordoc
- AstraZenca, CVRM, Biopharmaceuticals, Global Medical , Wilmington , United States of America
| | - E Hardy
- Mtech Access Ltd , York , United Kingdom
| | - C Mitchell
- Mtech Access Ltd , Bicester , United Kingdom
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Gahan Y, Hunt P, Duggan C, Geraghty K, Murphy R. CN47 Future-proofing the Irish Association for Nurses in Oncology: Identifying the professional and educational needs of members. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Foulkes M, Hunt P, Orton S, Sharma N, Cox L. CN55 The testing times project: Collaboration in action. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Altinbas A, Holmes JA, Salloum S, Lidofsky A, Alatrakchi N, Somsouk M, Hunt P, Deeks S, Chew KW, Lauer G, Kruger A, Lin W, Chung RT. LOXL-2 and TNC-C are markers of liver fibrogenesis in HCV/HIV-, HIV- and HCV-infected patients. Biomark Med 2022; 16:839-846. [PMID: 35786977 PMCID: PMC9437769 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2021-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lysil oxidase like enzyme-2 (LOXL-2) and TNC-C play important roles in organ fibrosis. We assessed circulating LOXL-2 and TNC-C levels and their relationship to fibrosis severity in HIV- and/or HCV-infected individuals. Methods: Healthy controls (n = 22), HIV mono- (n = 15), HCV mono- (n = 52) and HCV/HIV-co-infected (n = 92) subjects were included. Results: LOXL-2 and TNC-C levels were significantly higher in HCV mono- and HCV/HIV-co-infected individuals with F0 compared to healthy controls. In addition, in HCV/HIV-co-infected individuals, LOXL-2 levels were higher in intermediate fibrosis compared to no/mild fibrosis. Conclusion: In HCV/HIV-co-infected study participants, both LOXL-2 and TNC-C were significantly higher in intermediate fibrosis compared to no/mild fibrosis, but did not further increase with advanced fibrosis. Furthermore, both markers were elevated among HCV/HIV-positive individuals with mild/no fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Altinbas
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jacinta A Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shadi Salloum
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anna Lidofsky
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nadia Alatrakchi
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Steven Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kara W Chew
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Georg Lauer
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Annie Kruger
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wenyu Lin
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School & Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Shapiro AE, Ignacio RAB, Whitney BM, Delaney JA, Nance RM, Bamford L, Wooten D, Keruly JC, Burkholder G, Napravnik S, Mayer KH, Webel AR, Kim HN, Van Rompaey SE, Christopoulos K, Jacobson J, Karris M, Smith D, Johnson MO, Willig A, Eron JJ, Hunt P, Moore RD, Saag MS, Mathews WC, Crane HM, Cachay ER, Kitahata MM. Factors Associated With Severity of COVID-19 Disease in a Multicenter Cohort of People With HIV in the United States, March-December 2020. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 90:369-376. [PMID: 35364600 PMCID: PMC9246864 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the spectrum of COVID-19 in people with HIV (PWH) is critical to provide clinical guidance and risk reduction strategies. SETTING Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic System, a US multisite clinical cohort of PWH in care. METHODS We identified COVID-19 cases and severity (hospitalization, intensive care, and death) in a large, diverse HIV cohort during March 1, 2020-December 31, 2020. We determined predictors and relative risks of hospitalization among PWH with COVID-19, adjusted for disease risk scores. RESULTS Of 16,056 PWH in care, 649 were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and December 2020. Case fatality was 2%; 106 (16.3%) were hospitalized, and 12 died. PWH with current CD4 count <350 cells/mm 3 [aRR 2.68; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93 to 3.71; P < 0.001] or lowest recorded CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 (aRR 1.67; 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.36; P < 0.005) had greater risks of hospitalization. HIV viral load and antiretroviral therapy status were not associated with hospitalization, although most of the PWH were suppressed (86%). Black PWH were 51% more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19 compared with other racial/ethnic groups (aRR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.19; P = 0.03). Chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and increased cardiovascular and hepatic fibrosis risk scores were associated with higher hospitalization risk. PWH who were older, not on antiretroviral therapy, and with current CD4 count <350 cells/mm 3 , diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were overrepresented among PWH who required intubation or died. CONCLUSIONS PWH with CD4 count <350 cells/mm 3 , and a history of CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 , have a clear excess risk of severe COVID-19, accounting for comorbidities associated with severe outcomes. PWH with these risk factors should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination and early treatment and monitored closely for worsening illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Bamford
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Darcy Wooten
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sonia Napravnik
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maile Karris
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Davey Smith
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Willig
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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10
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Shapiro AE, Bender Ignacio RA, Whitney BM, Delaney JA, Nance RM, Bamford L, Wooten D, Keruly JC, Burkholder G, Napravnik S, Mayer KH, Webel AR, Kim HN, Van Rompaey SE, Christopoulos K, Jacobson J, Karris M, Smith D, Johnson MO, Willig A, Eron JJ, Hunt P, Moore RD, Saag MS, Mathews WC, Crane HM, Cachay ER, Kitahata MM. Factors associated with severity of COVID-19 disease in a multicenter cohort of people with HIV in the United States, March-December 2020. medRxiv 2021:2021.10.15.21265063. [PMID: 34704092 PMCID: PMC8547524 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.15.21265063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease in people with HIV (PWH) is critical to provide clinical guidance and implement risk-reduction strategies. OBJECTIVE To characterize COVID-19 in PWH in the United States and identify predictors of disease severity. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING Geographically diverse clinical sites in the CFAR Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS). PARTICIPANTS Adults receiving HIV care through December 31, 2020. MEASUREMENTS COVID-19 cases and severity (hospitalization, intensive care, death). RESULTS Of 16,056 PWH in care, 649 were diagnosed with COVID-19 between March-December 2020. Case fatality was 2%; 106 (16.3%) were hospitalized and 12 died. PWH with current CD4 count <350 cells/mm 3 (aRR 2.68; 95%CI 1.93-3.71; P<.001) or lowest recorded CD4 count <200 (aRR 1.67; 95%CI 1.18-2.36; P<.005) had greater risk of hospitalization. HIV viral load suppression and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status were not associated with hospitalization, although the majority of PWH were suppressed (86%). Black PWH were 51% more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19 compared to other racial/ethnic groups (aRR 1.51; 95%CI 1.04-2.19, P=.03). Chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and increased cardiovascular and hepatic fibrosis risk scores were associated with higher risk of hospitalization. PWH who were older, not on ART, with current CD4 <350, diabetes, and CKD were overrepresented amongst PWH who required intubation or died. LIMITATIONS Unable to compare directly to persons without HIV; underestimate of total COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSIONS PWH with CD4 <350 cells/mm 3 , low CD4/CD8 ratio, and history of CD4 <200, have a clear excess risk of severe COVID-19, after accounting for comorbidities also associated with severe outcomes. PWH with these risk factors should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, early treatment, and monitored closely for worsening illness.
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11
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Berni E, Ambery P, Adamsson Eryd S, Jenkins-Jones S, Brown M, Astbury C, Hunt P, Currie C. POS1432 SHORT-TERM RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN ADULTS TREATED WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Exposure to corticosteroids is recognised to increase the risk of osteoporosis.Objectives:Our aim was to evaluate patients’ short-term absolute risk of osteoporosis over the course of their first continuous exposure to corticosteroids.Methods:This was an observational study using UK data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Adult patients were selected if exposed to systemic corticosteroids for any condition and had no prior osteoporosis. Non-exposed adults matched on age, sex, and disease burden were selected from the general population. Patients were followed from their first exposure to corticosteroid to the earlier of 90 days following the end of continuous prescribing or for a maximum of three years. Cohorts were categorised by age (18-42 years, 43-67 and 68-92 years), BMI (underweight, normal overweight, obese and obese+) and gender. Absolute risk rates were calculated for each of these categories.Results:In total, 573,056 exposed patients were matched 1:1 to non-exposed controls. Mean age was 52 years; 57% were female. The mean and median days’ supply were 50.9 and 13 days, respectively. Underweight females aged 68-92 years exposed to corticosteroids had the highest absolute risk of osteoporosis (70.9 per 1000 patient years (PKPY)); in matched non-exposed controls this was 26.6 PKPY. Generally, following their first continuous exposure to corticosteroids, patients taking steroids had greater risk of osteoporosis compared with those in the same age, sex and BMI category never exposed to corticosteroids.Conclusion:Whilst it is understood that exposure to corticosteroids increases the risk of osteoporosis, there are large differences in risk in accordance with age, sex and BMI. Alternatives to corticosteroids are urgently needed.MaleFemaleSteroid-exposedNever exposedSteroid-exposedNever exposedAge groupBMI groupPatientsAbsolute rate (per 1,000 patient years)PatientsAbsolute rate (per 1,000 patient years)p-valuePatientsAbsolute rate (per 1,000 patient years)PatientsAbsolute rate (per 1,000 patient years)p-value18-421: Underweight1,2422.01,1950.00.56613,0794.53,4860.90.13612: Normal18,7982.219,6380.0<0.000142,2340.947,3400.10.00493: Overweight16,5362.615,1140.00.000124,8930.524,0090.10.23824: Obese +10,3110.68,4530.00.287426,6000.620,3200.30.461443-671: Underweight1,25427.46830.00.00402,42030.91,99018.50.11412: Normal27,0378.626,5692.0<0.000145,46715.950,4236.1<0.00013: Overweight42,4284.343,8720.7<0.000142,62010.843,2534.1<0.00014: Obese +31,4782.530,8520.80.000745,3396.039,8762.4<0.000168-921: Underweight93630.343210.30.15051,53270.91,23926.60.00032: Normal15,89111.315,0214.5<0.000118,30842.318,71718.6<0.00013: Overweight21,3717.323,1371.8<0.000119,14926.219,76012.9<0.00014: Obese +11,2165.611,3961.90.002114,45320.013,6148.7<0.0001Disclosure of Interests:Ellen Berni Consultant of: Employed by Pharmatelligence, which carries out consultancy work for AstraZeneca and other pharmaceutical companies., Philip Ambery Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Employee of: AstraZeneca, Samuel Adamsson Eryd Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Employee of: AstraZeneca, Sara Jenkins-Jones Consultant of: Employed by Pharmatelligence, which carries out consultancy work for AstraZeneca and other pharmaceutical companies., Mary Brown Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Employee of: AstraZeneca, Carol Astbury Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Employee of: AstraZeneca, Phillip Hunt Shareholder of: AstraZeneca, Employee of: AstraZeneca, Craig Currie Consultant of: Director of Pharmatelligence, which carries out consultancy work for AstraZeneca and other pharmaceutical companies
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Sinha A, Ma Y, Scherzer R, Rahalkar S, Neilan BD, Crane H, Drozd D, Martin J, Deeks SG, Hunt P, Hsue PY. Carnitine Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Risk and Myocardial Infarction in HIV -Infected Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011037. [PMID: 31030595 PMCID: PMC6512101 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Changes in the gut microbiota that occur with chronic HIV infection could play a role in HIV‐associated atherosclerosis. Choline, carnitine, betaine, and trimethylamine N‐oxide are small molecules that are, in part, metabolized or produced by the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that these metabolites would be associated with carotid artery intima‐media thickness and MI in PLWH. Methods and Results Carotid artery intima‐media thickness was measured at baseline and at a median interval of 4 years in 162 PLWH from the SCOPE (Study of the Consequences of the Protease Inhibitor Era) cohort in San Francisco, CA. Separately, 105 PLWH (36 cases with type I adjudicated MI and 69 controls without MI) were selected from the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems, a multicenter clinic‐based cohort. Controls were matched by demographics, CD4 cell count, and duration of viral suppression. In the SCOPE cohort, higher carnitine levels had a significant association with presence of carotid plaque and greater baseline and progression of mean carotid artery intima‐media thickness after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the treated and suppressed subgroup, these associations with carnitine remained significant after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort, the risk of MI was significantly increased in subjects with carnitine levels in the highest quartile after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions In PLWH, including the treated and suppressed subgroup, carnitine is independently associated with carotid artery intima‐media thickness, carotid plaque, and MI in 2 separate cohorts. These results emphasize the potential role of gut microbiota in HIV‐associated atherosclerosis and MI, especially in relation to carnitine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sinha
- 1 Department of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL
| | - Yifei Ma
- 2 Department of Medicine San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Rebecca Scherzer
- 2 Department of Medicine San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA
| | - Smruti Rahalkar
- 3 Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine San Francisco General Hospital University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Brendan D Neilan
- 3 Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine San Francisco General Hospital University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Heidi Crane
- 4 Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Daniel Drozd
- 4 Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- 5 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- 6 Positive Health Program San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco CA
| | - Peter Hunt
- 7 Division of HIV/AIDS Department of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
| | - Priscilla Y Hsue
- 3 Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine San Francisco General Hospital University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA
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Hunt P, Hosseini-Gerami L, Chrien T, Plante J, Ponting DJ, Segall M. Predicting p Ka Using a Combination of Semi-Empirical Quantum Mechanics and Radial Basis Function Methods. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:2989-2997. [PMID: 32357002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The acid dissociation constant (pKa) has an important influence on molecular properties crucial to compound development in synthesis, formulation, and optimization of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties. We will present a method that combines quantum mechanical calculations, at a semi-empirical level of theory, with machine learning to accurately predict pKa for a diverse range of mono- and polyprotic compounds. The resulting model has been tested on two external data sets, one specifically used to test pKa prediction methods (SAMPL6) and the second covering known drugs containing basic functionalities. Both sets were predicted with excellent accuracy (root-mean-square errors of 0.7-1.0 log units), comparable to other methodologies using a much higher level of theory and computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hunt
- Optibrium Ltd., F5-6 Blenheim House, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9PB, U.K
| | - Layla Hosseini-Gerami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Tomas Chrien
- Optibrium Ltd., F5-6 Blenheim House, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9PB, U.K
| | - Jeffrey Plante
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, U.K
| | - David J Ponting
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, U.K
| | - Matthew Segall
- Optibrium Ltd., F5-6 Blenheim House, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9PB, U.K
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14
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Peluso M, Bacchetti P, Ritter K, Beg S, Hunt P, Henrich T, Siliciano J, Siliciano R, Laird G, Deeks S. Differential decay of intact and defective proviral DNA in HIV-1-infected individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Roan N, Neidleman J, Luo X, Frouard J, Hsiao F, Xie G, Morcilla V, James K, Hoh R, Somsouk M, Hunt P, Deeks S, Archin N, Palmer S, Greene W. Single cell analysis of in vivo HIV reservoir uncovers novel markers of latent cells. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Natori Y, Alghamdi A, Tazari M, Miller V, Husain S, Komatsu T, Griffiths P, Ljungman P, Orchanian-Cheff A, Kumar D, Humar A, Alexander B, Avery R, Baldanti F, Barnett S, Baum P, Berrey MM, Birnkrant D, Blumberg E, Boeckh M, Boutolleau D, Bowlin T, Brooks J, Chemaly R, Chou S, Cloherty G, Cruikshank W, Dropulic L, Einsele H, Erdman J, Fahle G, Fallon L, Gillis H, Gonzalez D, Griffiths P, Gunter K, Hirsch H, Hodowanec A, Humar A, Hunt P, Josephson F, Komatsu T, Kotton C, Krause P, Kuhr F, Lademacher C, Lanier R, Lazarus T, Leake J, Leavitt R, Lehrman SN, Li L, Ljungman P, Lodding PI, Lundgren J, Martinez-Murillo F(P, Mayer H, McCutcheon M, McKinnon J, Mertens T, Miller V, Modarress K, Mols J, Mossman S, Murata Y, Murawski D, Murray J, Natori Y, Nichols G, O’Rear J, Peggs K, Pikis A, Prichard M, Razonable R, Riches M, Roberts J, Saber W, Sayada C, Singer M, Stamminger T, Wijatyk A, Yu D, Zeiher B. Use of Viral Load as a Surrogate Marker in Clinical Studies of Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:617-631. [PMID: 29020339 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease has been the standard endpoint for clinical trials in organ transplant recipients. Viral load may be a more relevant endpoint due to low frequency of disease. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. We found several lines of evidence to support the validity of viral load as an appropriate surrogate end-point, including the following: (1) viral loads in CMV disease are significantly greater than in asymptomatic viremia (odds ratio, 9.3 95% confidence interval, 4.6-19.3); (2) kinetics of viral replication are strongly associated with progression to disease; (3) pooled incidence of CMV viremia and disease is significantly lower during prophylaxis compared with the full patient follow-up period (viremia incidence: 3.2% vs 34.3%; P < .001) (disease incidence: 1.1% vs 13.0%; P < .001); (4) treatment of viremia prevented disease; and (5) viral load decline correlated with symptom resolution. Based on the analysis, we conclude that CMV load is an appropriate surrogate endpoint for CMV trials in organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Natori
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Alghamdi
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Tazari
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica Miller
- Forum for Collaborative Research, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Shahid Husain
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takashi Komatsu
- Division of Antiviral Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Paul Griffiths
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - Per Ljungman
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine Huddigne, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ani Orchanian-Cheff
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bornstein NM, Saver JL, Diener HC, Gorelick PB, Shuaib A, Solberg Y, Devlin T, Leung T, Molina CA, Skoloudik D, Fiksa J, Krieger D, Andersen G, Berrouschot J, Hobohm C, Schneider D, Griewing B, Endres M, Hausler KG, Kimmig H, Ringleb P, Weimar C, Schilling M, Kohrmann M, Hetzel A, Kaps M, Cheung R, Sobolewski P, Nyke W, Czlonkowska A, Stepien A, Waldemar B, Słowik A, Zbigniewem S, Lubiński I, Portela P, Segure T, Marti-Fabregas J, Alonso M, Nunez A, Miguel MB, Campello A, Arenillas J, Marshall N, Chiu D, Shownkeen H, Rymer M, Sen S, Roubec M, Kuliha M, Lakomý C, Tyl D, Kemlink D, Doležal O, Rekova P, Krejčí V, Christensen A, Belhage B, Maschmann C, Kruse Larsen C, Pott F, Christensen H, Marstrand J, Nielsen JK, Meden P, Prytz S, Rosenbaum S, Hedemann Sorensen JC, Stenhoj Meier K, Schmift Ettrup K, Dupont Hougaard K, Von Wietzel P, Stoll A, Schwetlick H, Pradel H, Hemprich A, Schulz A, Frerich B, Hobohm C, Weise C, Michalski D, Schaller F, Schiefke F, Helmrich J, Pelz J, Schnieder M, Schneider M, Matzen P, Langos R, Müller-Duerwald S, Lukhaup S, Bauer U, Kloppig W, Hiermann E, Mucha G, Soda H, Weinhardt R, Mucha T, Ziegler V, Abbushi A, Hotter B, Winter B, Anthofer B, Noack C, Laubisch D, Heldge Schneider G, Jan Jungehulsing G, Mueller H, Dreier J, Fiebach J, Flechsenhar J, Villringer K, Ebinger M, Rozanski M, Vajkoczy P, Klingebiel R, Steinicke R, Pittl S, Hoffmann S, Maul S, Krause T, Liman T, Plath T, Nowe T, Schmidt W, Fritzsch C, Haas C, Will HG, Haußmann-Betz K, Bayat M, Pordzik T, Hug A, Staff CJ, Lichy C, Eggers G, Kloss M, Bendszus M, Herrmann O, Seeberger R, Schwarting S, Rhode S, Rizos T, Hacke W, Frank B, Bozkurt B, Holle D, Mueller D, Koch D, Shanib H, Sudendey J, Brenck J, Busch K, Gartzen K, Gasser T, Hagenacker T, Buerke B, Prigge G, Minnerup J, Albers J, Wermker K, Schwindt W, Kallmünzer RB, Hauer E, Breuer L, Schellinger P, Kollmar R, Sauer R, Schwab S, Struffert T, Funfack A, Stechmann A, Schlaeger A, Laeppchen C, Schuchardt F, Klingler JH, Reis J, Lambeck J, Friedrich M, Laible M, Wellermeyer P, Beck S, Rutsch S, Niesen WD, Tanislav C, Schaaf H, Kerkmann H, Schirotzek I, Allendörfer J, Wolff S, Yuk-Lun Lau A, Yin Yan Chan A, Siu D, Wong EHC, Chu Wong GK, Leung H, Wong LK, Zhu XL, Yan Soo YO, Ting Tse AC, Kit Leung GK, Leung KM, Ngai Hung K, Wai Mei Kwan M, Man Yu Tse M, Tse P, Hon Chan P, Lee R, Shek Kwan Chang R, Yin Yu Pang S, Fong Kwong Hon S, Cheng TS, Lui WM, Wo Mak WW, Sobota A, Wiater B, Loch B, Wolak G, Łabudzka I, Dabal J, Grzesik M, Sledzinska M, Hatalska-Żerebiec R, Szczuchniak W, Gójska A, Nałęcz D, Gasecki D, Kozera G, Dylewicz Ł, Niekra M, Kwarciany M, Chomik P, Skowron P, Kobayashi A, Chabik G, Makowicz G, Bembenek J, Jędrzejewska J, Karlinski M, Czepiel W, Brodacki B, Staszewski J, Kosek J, Jadczak M, Durka-Kęsy M, Kaluzny K, Ziomek M, Fudala M, Sosnowski Z, Ferens A, Szczygieł E, Banaszkiewicz K, Ziomek M, Wnuk M, Szczepańska-Szerej A, Jach E, Maslanko GE, Wojczal J, Luchowski P, Kowalczyk A, Jakubiak J, Kopcewicz J, Gajda M, Wichlinska-Lubinska M, Rodriguez D, Santamarin E, Pagola J, Lorente Guerrero J, Ribo M, Rubiera M, Maisterra O, Pinero S, Catalina Iglesias V, Plans G, Quesada H, Aparicio Caballero MA, Portela PC, De Diego AB, Garay DS, García Rodriguez MR, Martin OA, Braña SC, Garcia J, Hernandez FM, Catala I, Marti-Vilalta JL, Delgado Mederos R, de Quintana SC, Martinez-Ramirez S, Valcarcel Gonzalez J, Masjuan Vallejo J, Diamantopoulus J, Del Alamo M, Poveda PD, Pastor AG, Carballal CF, Diaz F, Garcia Leal R, Juretschke R, Echabe EA, Sanchez JC, Yanez MR, Garcia RS, Muino RL, Rivas SA, Lopez Gonzalez DM, Cuadrado E, Giralt E, Villalba G, Roquer J, Angel O, Jimenez M, Cedeño RR, Salinas R, Lejarreta S, Silva Y, Fraile A, Calleja A, Cepeda Landínez GA, Tellez N, Garcia Bermejo P, Santos PJ, Herranz RF, Hunt P, Browning D, Violette M, Hoddeson R, Rose J, Zhang J, Mazumdar A, Echiverri H, Chow J, Lovick D, Coleman M, Akhtar N, Sugg R, Zanation A, Germanwala A, Senior B, Huang D, Aucutt-Walter N, Kasner S, LeRoux P, von Kummer R, Palesch Y. Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation to Augment Cerebral Blood Flow. Stroke 2019; 50:2108-2117. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.118.024582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Many patients with acute ischemic stroke are not eligible for thrombolysis or mechanical reperfusion therapies due to contraindications, inaccessible vascular occlusions, late presentation, or large infarct core. Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) stimulation to enhance collateral flow and stabilize the blood-brain barrier offers an alternative, potentially more widely deliverable, therapy.
Methods—
In a randomized, sham-controlled, double-masked trial at 41 centers in 7 countries, patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke not treated with reperfusion therapies within 24 hours of onset were randomly allocated to active SPG stimulation or sham control. The primary efficacy outcome was improvement beyond expectations on the modified Rankin Scale of global disability at 90 days (sliding dichotomy), assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population. The initial planned sample size was 660 patients, but the trial was stopped early when technical improvements in device placement occurred, so that analysis of accumulated experience could be conducted to inform a successor trial.
Results—
Among 303 enrolled patients, 253 received at least one active SPG or sham stimulation, constituting the modified intention-to-treat population (153 SPG stimulation and 100 sham control). Age was median 73 years (interquartile range, 64–79), 52.6% were female, deficit severity on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was median 11 (interquartile range, 9–15), and time from last known well median 18.6 hours (interquartile range, 14.5–22.5). For the primary outcome, improved 3-month disability beyond expectations, rates in the SPG versus sham treatment groups were 49.7% versus 40.0%; odds ratio, 1.48 (95% CI, 0.89–2.47);
P
=0.13. A significant treatment interaction with stroke location (cortical versus noncortical) was noted,
P
=0.04. In the 87 patients with confirmed cortical involvement, rates of improvement beyond expectations were 50.0% versus 27.0%; odds ratio, 2.70 (95% CI, 1.08–6.73);
P
=0.03. Similar response patterns were observed for all prespecified secondary efficacy outcomes. No differences in mortality or serious adverse event safety end points were observed.
Conclusions—
SPG stimulation within 24 hours of onset is safe in acute ischemic stroke. SPG stimulation was not shown to statistically significantly improve 3-month disability above expectations, though favorable outcomes were nominally higher with SPG stimulation. Beneficial effects may distinctively be conferred in patients with confirmed cortical involvement. The results of this study need to be confirmed in a larger pivotal study.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03767192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan M. Bornstein
- From the Brain Division, Shaarei Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical School, Tel Aviv University (N.M.B.)
| | - Jeffrey L. Saver
- Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles CA (J.L.S.)
| | | | - Philip B. Gorelick
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.B.G.)
| | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton (A.S.)
| | | | - Thomas Devlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga (T.D.)
| | - Thomas Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (T.L.)
| | - Carlos A. Molina
- and Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (C.A.M.)
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Cherney D, Wheeler D, Kosiborod M, Arnold S, MacLachlan S, Hunt P, Chen H, Repetto E, Vora J. SAT-221 CARDIO-RENAL-METABOLIC COMORBIDITIES AND ASSOCIATION WITH CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES AND MORTALITY IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED PATIENTS WITH T2DM. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bell A, McNally J, Smith DV, Rahman A, Hunt P, Kotze AC, Dominik S, Ingham A. Quantification of differences in resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep using a multivariate blood parameter. Vet Parasitol 2019; 270:31-39. [PMID: 31213239 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breeding for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep relies largely on the use of worm egg counts (WEC) to identify animals that are able to resist infection. As an alternative to such measures of parasite load we aimed to develop a method to identify animals showing resistance to GIN infection based on the impact of the infection on blood parameters. We hypothesized that blood parameters may provide a measure of infection level with a blood-feeding parasite through perturbation of red blood cell parameters due to feeding behaviour of the parasite, and white blood cell parameters through the mounting of an immune response in the host animal. We measured a set of blood parameters in 390 sheep that had been exposed to an artificial regime of repeated challenges with Trichostrongylus colubriformis followed by Haemonchus contortus. A simple analysis revealed strong relationships between single blood parameters and WECs with correlation coefficients -0.54 to -0.60. We then used more complex multi-variate methods based on supervised classifier models (including Bayesian Network) as well as regression models (Lasso and Elastic Net) to study the relationships between WECs and blood parameters, and derived algorithms describing the relationships. The ability of these algorithms to classify sheep GIN resistance status was tested using the WEC and blood parameters collected from a different group of 418 sheep that had acquired natural infections of H. contortus from pasture. We identified the most resistant and most susceptible animals (10% percentiles) of this group based on WECs, and then compared the identities of these animals to the identities of animals that were predicted to be most resistant and most susceptible by our algorithms. The models showed varying abilities to predict susceptible and resistant sheep, with up to 65% of the most susceptible animals and 30% of the most resistant animals identified by the Elastic Net model algorithms. The prediction algorithms derived from female sheep data performed better than those for male sheep in some cases, with the predicted animals accounting for up to 50-60% of the actual resistant and susceptible female animals. Heritability values were calculated for blood parameters and the aggregate trait descriptions defined by the novel prediction algorithms. The aggregate trait descriptions were moderately heritable and may therefore be suitable for use in genetic selection strategies. The present study indicates that multivariate models based on blood parameter data showed some ability to predict the resistance status of sheep to infection with H. contortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bell
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | - Jody McNally
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | | | | | - Peter Hunt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | - Andrew C Kotze
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Sonja Dominik
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, New South Wales, 2350, Australia
| | - Aaron Ingham
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia.
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Boyce K, White C, Hunt P, Abel N, James Z, Micic T, Gomez K. Inequalities in health? An update on the effect of social deprivation for patients with breast cancer in South East Wales. Surgeon 2019; 17:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Webel AR, Willig AL, Liu W, Sattar A, Boswell S, Crane HM, Hunt P, Kitahata M, Matthews WC, Saag MS, Lederman MM, Rodriguez B. Physical Activity Intensity is Associated with Symptom Distress in the CNICS Cohort. AIDS Behav 2019; 23:627-635. [PMID: 30368620 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Symptom distress remains a challenging aspect of living with HIV. Physical activity is a promising symptom management strategy, but its effect on symptom distress has not been examined in a large, longitudinal HIV-infected cohort. We hypothesized that higher physical activity intensity would be associated with reduced symptom distress. We included 5370 people living with HIV (PLHIV) who completed patient-reported assessments of symptom distress, physical activity, alcohol and substance use, and HIV medication adherence between 2005 and 2016. The most frequent and burdensome symptoms were fatigue (reported by 56%), insomnia (50%), pain (46%), sadness (45%), and anxiety (45%), with women experiencing more symptoms and more burdensome symptoms than men. After adjusting for age, sex, race, time, HIV medication adherence, alcohol and substance use, site, and HIV RNA, greater physical activity intensity was associated with lower symptom intensity. Although individual symptoms may be a barrier to physical activity (e.g. pain), the consistent association between symptoms with physical activity suggests that more intense physical activity could mitigate symptoms experienced by PLHIV.
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Abstract
We describe a novel deep learning neural network method and its application to impute assay pIC50 values. Unlike conventional machine learning approaches, this method is trained on sparse bioactivity data as input, typical of that found in public and commercial databases, enabling it to learn directly from correlations between activities measured in different assays. In two case studies on public domain data sets we show that the neural network method outperforms traditional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and other leading approaches. Furthermore, by focusing on only the most confident predictions the accuracy is increased to R2 > 0.9 using our method, as compared to R2 = 0.44 when reporting all predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Whitehead
- Intellegens , Eagle Labs , Chesterton Road , Cambridge CB4 3AZ , United Kingdom
| | - B W J Irwin
- Optibrium , F5-6 Blenheim House, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road , Cambridge CB25 9PB , United Kingdom
| | - P Hunt
- Optibrium , F5-6 Blenheim House, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road , Cambridge CB25 9PB , United Kingdom
| | - M D Segall
- Optibrium , F5-6 Blenheim House, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road , Cambridge CB25 9PB , United Kingdom
| | - G J Conduit
- Intellegens , Eagle Labs , Chesterton Road , Cambridge CB4 3AZ , United Kingdom.,Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J.J. Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
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Zhang R, Liu F, Hunt P, Li C, Zhang L, Ingham A, Li RW. Transcriptome analysis unraveled potential mechanisms of resistance to Haemonchus contortus infection in Merino sheep populations bred for parasite resistance. Vet Res 2019; 50:7. [PMID: 30678719 PMCID: PMC6345051 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. To understand molecular mechanisms underlying host resistance to this parasite, we used RNA-sequencing technology to compare the transcriptomic response of the abomasal tissue, the site of the host-parasite interaction, of Merino sheep bred to be either genetically resistant or susceptible to H. contortus infection. Two different selection flocks, the Haemonchus selection flock (HSF) and the Trichostrongylus selection flock (TSF), and each contains a resistant and susceptible line, were studied. The TSF flock was seemingly more responsive to both primary and repeated infections than HSF. A total of 127 and 726 genes displayed a significant difference in abundance between resistant and susceptible animals in response to a primary infection in HSF and TSF, respectively. Among them, 38 genes were significantly affected by infection in both flocks. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment of the differentially expressed genes identified in this study predicted the likely involvement of extracellular exosomes in the immune response to H. contortus infection. While the resistant lines in HSF and TSF relied on different mechanisms for the development of host resistance, adhesion and diapedesis of both agranulocytes and granulocytes, coagulation and complement cascades, and multiple pathways related to tissue repair likely played critical roles in the process. Our results offered a quantitative snapshot of changes in the host transcriptome induced by H. contortus infection and provided novel insights into molecular mechanisms of host resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peter Hunt
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Congjun Li
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Branch of Husbandry, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Gongzhuling, Jilin, China
| | - Aaron Ingham
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Robert W Li
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA.
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Bowley DM, Lamb D, Rumbold P, Hunt P, Kayani J, Sukhera AM. Nursing and medical contribution to Defence Healthcare Engagement: initial experiences of the UK Defence Medical Services. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2018; 165:143-146. [DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2017-000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionThe WHO Constitution enshrines ‘…the highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right of every human being.’ Strengthening delivery of health services confers benefits to individuals, families and communities, and can improve national and regional stability and security. In attempting to build international healthcare capability, UK Defence Medical Services (DMS) assets can contribute to the development of healthcare within overseas nations in a process that is known as Defence Healthcare Engagement (DHE).MethodsIn the first bespoke DMS DHE tasking, a team of 12 DMS nurses and doctors deployed to a 1000-bedded urban hospital in a partner nation and worked alongside indigenous healthcare workers (doctors, nurses and paramedical staff) during April and May 2016. The DMS nurses focused on nursing hygiene skills by demonstrations of best practice and DMS care standards, clinical leadership and female empowerment. A Quality Improvement Programme was initiated that centred on hand hygiene (HH) compliance before and after patient contact, and the introduction of peripheral cannula care and surveillance.ResultsAfter a brief induction on the ward, it was apparent that compliance with HH was poor. Peripheral cannulas were secured with adhesive zinc oxide tape and no active surveillance process (such as venous infusion phlebitis (VIP) scoring) was in place. After intensive education and training, initial week-long audits were undertaken and repeated after a further 2 weeks of training and coworking. In the second audit cycle, HH compliance had increased to 69% and VIP scoring compliance to 99%. In the final audit cycle, it was noted that nursing compliance with HH (75/98: 77%) was significantly higher than the doctors’ HH compliance (76/200: 38%); p<0.0001.ConclusionsDHE is a long-term collaborative process based on the establishment and development of comprehensive relationships that can help transform indigenous healthcare services towards patient-centred systems with a focus on safety and quality of care. Short deployments to allow clinical immersion of UK healthcare workers within indigenous teams can have an immediate impact. Coworking is a powerful method of demonstrating standards of care and empowering staff to institute transformative change. A multidisciplinary group of Quality Improvement Champions has been identified and a Hospital Oversight Committee established, which will offer the prospect of longer term sustainability and development.
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Carrico AW, Flentje A, Kober K, Lee S, Hunt P, Riley ED, Shoptaw S, Flowers E, Dilworth SE, Pahwa S, Aouizerat BE. Recent stimulant use and leukocyte gene expression in methamphetamine users with treated HIV infection. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 71:108-115. [PMID: 29679637 PMCID: PMC6003871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulant use may accelerate HIV disease progression through biological and behavioral pathways. However, scant research with treated HIV-positive persons has examined stimulant-associated alterations in pathophysiologic processes relevant to HIV pathogenesis. In a sample of 55 HIV-positive, methamphetamine-using sexual minority men with a viral load less than 200 copies/mL, we conducted RNA sequencing to examine patterns of leukocyte gene expression in participants who had a urine sample that was reactive for stimulants (n = 27) as compared to those who tested non-reactive (n = 28). Results indicated differential expression of 32 genes and perturbation of 168 pathways in recent stimulant users. We observed statistically significant differential expression of single genes previously associated with HIV latency, cell cycle regulation, and immune activation in recent stimulant users (false discovery rate p < 0.10). Pathway analyses indicated enrichment for genes associated with inflammation, innate immune activation, neuroendocrine hormone regulation, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Recent stimulant users displayed concurrent elevations in plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α) but not interleukin 6 (IL-6). Further research is needed to examine the bio-behavioral mechanisms whereby stimulant use may contribute to HIV persistence and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annesa Flentje
- University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing
| | - Kord Kober
- University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing
| | - Sulggi Lee
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
| | - Peter Hunt
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
| | - Elise D. Riley
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
| | - Steven Shoptaw
- University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine
| | - Elena Flowers
- University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing,University of California, San Francisco Institute for Human Genetics
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26
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Leth R, Hunt P, Foster NW, Segall MD. An improved quantum mechanical model of P450-mediated aromatic oxidation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2017.11.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Farazi PA, Watanabe-Galloway S, Westman L, Rettig B, Hunt P, Cammack R, Sparks JW, Coulter DW. Temporal and geospatial trends of pediatric cancer incidence in Nebraska over a 24-year period. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 52:83-90. [PMID: 29278840 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) revealed that the incidence of pediatric cancer in Nebraska exceeded the national average during 2009-2013. Further investigation could help understand these patterns. METHODS This retrospective cohort study investigated pediatric cancer (0-19 years old) age adjusted incidence rates (AAR) in Nebraska using the Nebraska Cancer Registry. SEER AARs were also calculated as a proxy for pediatric cancer incidence in the United States (1990-2013) and compared to the Nebraska data. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping was also used to display the spatial distribution of cancer in Nebraska at the county level. Finally, location-allocation analysis (LAA) was performed to identify a site for the placement of a medical center to best accommodate rural pediatric cancer cases. RESULTS The AAR of pediatric cancers was 173.3 per 1,000,000 in Nebraska compared to 167.1 per 1,000,000 in SEER. The AAR for lymphoma was significantly higher in Nebraska (28.1 vs. 24.6 per 1,000,000; p = 0.009). For the 15-19 age group, the AAR for the 3 most common pediatric cancers were higher in Nebraska (p < 0.05). Twenty-three counties located >2 h driving distance to care facilities showed at least a 10% higher incidence than the overall state AAR. GIS mapping identified a second potential treatment site that would alleviate this geographic burden. CONCLUSIONS Regional differences within Nebraska present a challenge for rural populations. Novel use of GIS mapping to highlight regional differences and identify solutions for access to care issues could be used by similar states.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Farazi
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
| | - S Watanabe-Galloway
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - L Westman
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - B Rettig
- Department of Health and Human Services, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - P Hunt
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - R Cammack
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - J W Sparks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - D W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Chang J, Lee S, Hunt P, Kroetz D, Siedner M. Efavirenz-metabolizing polymorphisms, viral suppression, and depression in HIV-infected individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy in southwestern Uganda. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017. [PMCID: PMC5631238 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CYP2B6 have previously been associated with a 10-fold range in trough plasma efavirenz concentrations, but associations between these SNPs and efavirenz (EFV)-mediated viral suppression and tolerability remain unclear. Methods We evaluated three SNPs in CYP2B6 (rs3745274, rs28399499, and rs4803419, Illumina OmniExpress) among HIV-infected Ugandans observed in a cohort study every 3–4 months from 2005–2015. Genotypes from these SNPs were used to group participants into previously described pharmacokinetic strata: extensive (EXT), intermediate (INT), and slow metabolizers (Figure 1). The primary outcomes were viral suppression, defined by an undetectable viral load in the first measurement a minimum of three months after ART initiation, and incident depression in the first two years, defined by a mean score >1.75 on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist. We fitted standard and generalized estimating equations (GEE) logistic regression models for viral suppression and depression, respectively. Models were adjusted for clinical and demographic covariates that reached a significance of P < 0.25 in unadjusted models. Results Among 103 participants with genotyping, there were no differences in pre-ART viral load or depression by metabolism strata (P > 0.5). Minor allele frequencies for rs3745274, rs28399499, and rs4803419 were 33%, 7%, and 4%, respectively. Approximately 79%, 78%, and 94% of participants were suppressed at their first viral load measurement in the extensive, intermediate, and slow metabolizer strata, respectively (Figure 2; P = 0.35). In adjusted models, metabolism strata were not associated with viral suppression (AORINT 0.81, 95% CI 0.26–2.56; AORSLOW 3.92, 95% CI 0.39–39.40) or with depression (AORINT 1.95, 95% CI 0.75–5.09; AORSLOW 0.72, 95% CI 0.17–3.02; Table). Conclusion We did not identify an association between efavirenz-metabolizing polymorphisms and viral suppression or depression in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals initiating ART in southwestern Uganda. Future work should reassess these relationships with larger samples and longer-term outcomes and explore additional polymorphisms that may be associated with efavirenz metabolism in this population. Disclosures P. Hunt, Merck: Consultant, Consulting fee; Gilead: Consultant, Consulting fee; Viiv: Consultant, Consulting fee
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Chang
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sulggi Lee
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Peter Hunt
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Deanna Kroetz
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ruhnke I, Andronicos NM, Swick RA, Hine B, Sharma N, Kheravii SK, Wu SB, Hunt P. Immune responses following experimental infection with Ascaridia galli and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol 2017; 46:602-609. [PMID: 28503936 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1330536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Broilers commonly suffer from necrotic enteritis (NE). Other gastrointestinal infectious diseases affect poultry, including nematode infections which are considered a re-emerging disease in barn and free-range systems. The aim of this study was to characterize the immune response of broilers after artificial infection with NE and contrast these with responses to the nematode Ascaridia galli and determine whether immune parameters measured during the course of infection can be used to distinguish infected from uninfected birds. A total of 96 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in this study. At 10 days of age, broilers were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups: control birds (n = 32), A. galli infected birds (n = 32), or NE infected birds (n = 32) and inoculated with the appropriate infective agents. The immune response of birds was monitored through evaluation of haematology parameters, acute phase protein production, and intraepithelial intestinal lymphocyte population changes at 11, 16, 20, and 32 days of age. T-helper cells (CD4+CD8-) increased significantly over time, and were significantly higher in A. galli and NE compared to day 10 controls. In conclusion, α-1 glycoprotein levels can distinguish birds with NE from other birds, including those infected with A. galli; also T-helper cell numbers can distinguish both NE and A. galli from uninfected birds and thirdly, 10 days post infection is the best time point to evaluate the bird's immune response for A. galli infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ruhnke
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Nicholas Matthew Andronicos
- b Brain Behaviour Research Group, School of Science and Technology , University of New England , Armidale , Australia.,c F. D. McMaster laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Armidale , Australia
| | - Robert A Swick
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Brad Hine
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia.,c F. D. McMaster laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Armidale , Australia
| | - Nisha Sharma
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia.,c F. D. McMaster laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Armidale , Australia
| | - Sarbast K Kheravii
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Peter Hunt
- a Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia.,c F. D. McMaster laboratory, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Armidale , Australia
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Clarke GM, Oldroyd BP, Hunt P. THE GENETIC BASIS OF DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY INAPIS MELLIFERA:HETEROZYGOSITY VERSUS GENIC BALANCE. Evolution 2017; 46:753-762. [PMID: 28568667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1992.tb02081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/1991] [Accepted: 09/20/1991] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M. Clarke
- CSIRO Division of Entomology; G.P.O. Box 1700 Canberra City A.C.T. 2601 AUSTRALIA
| | - Benjamin P. Oldroyd
- USDA-ARS-Honey-Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research; 1157 Ben Hur Road Baton Rouge LA 70820 USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- Institute of Plant Sciences; Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Burnley Gardens, Swan Street. Burnley Victoria 3121 AUSTRALIA
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Petrassi M, Barber R, Be C, Beach S, Cox B, D'Souza AM, Duggan N, Hussey M, Fox R, Hunt P, Jarai G, Kosaka T, Oakley P, Patel V, Press N, Rowlands D, Scheufler C, Schmidt O, Srinivas H, Turner M, Turner R, Westwick J, Wolfreys A, Pathan N, Watson S, Thomas M. Identification of a Novel Allosteric Inhibitory Site on Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 Enabling Unprecedented Selectivity Over all Related Hydroxylases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:240. [PMID: 28529483 PMCID: PMC5418348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has demonstrated multi-serotonin receptor dependent pathologies, characterized by increased tone (5-HT1B receptor) and complex lesions (SERT, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2B receptors) of the pulmonary vasculature together with right ventricular hypertrophy, ischemia and fibrosis (5-HT2B receptor). Selective inhibitors of individual signaling elements – SERT, 5-HT2A, 5HT2B, and combined 5-HT2A/B receptors, have all been tested clinically and failed. Thus, inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate limiting step in 5-HT synthesis, has been suggested as a more broad, and thereby more effective, mode of 5-HT inhibition. However, selectivity over non-pathogenic enzyme family members, TPH2, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and tyrosine hydroxylase has hampered therapeutic development. Here we describe the site/sequence, biochemical, and biophysical characterization of a novel allosteric site on TPH1 through which selectivity over TPH2 and related aromatic amino acid hydroxylases is achieved. We demonstrate the mechanism of action by which novel compounds selectively inhibit TPH1 using surface plasma resonance and enzyme competition assays with both tryptophan ligand and BH4 co-factor. We demonstrate 15-fold greater potency within a human carcinoid cell line versus the most potent known TPH1/2 non-specific inhibitor. Lastly, we detail a novel canine in vivo system utilized to determine effective biologic inhibition of newly synthesized 5-HT. These findings are the first to demonstrate TPH1-selective inhibition and may pave the way to a truly effective means to reduce pathologic 5-HT and thereby treat complex remodeling diseases such as PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Petrassi
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Rob Barber
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Celine Be
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchBasel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Beach
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Brian Cox
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Anne-Marie D'Souza
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Nick Duggan
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Martin Hussey
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Roy Fox
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Peter Hunt
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Gabor Jarai
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Takatoshi Kosaka
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Paul Oakley
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Viral Patel
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Neil Press
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - David Rowlands
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | | | - Oliver Schmidt
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | | | - Mary Turner
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Rob Turner
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - John Westwick
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Alison Wolfreys
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Nuzhat Pathan
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San DiegoCA, USA
| | - Simon Watson
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Respiratory Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchHorsham, UK.,Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZenecaGothenburg, Sweden
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Mukherjee J, Folse H, Ward A, Pelkey R, Dinh T, Sheehan J, Qin L, Hunt P, Kim J, Kuske M. Eine verzögerte Therapieintensivierung mit oralen Antidiabetika beeinflusst die Komplikationsrate beim Typ-2-Diabetes: eine Simulationsstudie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Mukherjee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, United States
| | - H Folse
- Evidera, Bethesda, United States
| | - A Ward
- Evidera, Bethesda, United States
| | - R Pelkey
- Evidera, Bethesda, United States
| | - T Dinh
- Evidera, Bethesda, United States
| | - J Sheehan
- AstraZeneca, Fort Washington, United States
| | - L Qin
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - P Hunt
- Evidera, Bethesda, United States
| | - J Kim
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, United States
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Li S, Kovacs K, Kiniry B, Wagstaff R, April F, Hunt P, Somsouk M, Shacklett BL, Skinner PJ. Distribution and phenotype of HIV-specific CD8 T cells in situ in the rectal mucosa of HIV+ elite controllers. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.149.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mucosal tissues including the gastrointestinal tract are important reservoirs for HIV replication. HIV-specific CD8 T cells are essential in controlling HIV infection. In order to gain insights into HIV-specific CD8 T cells in elite controllers (EC), we characterized this important cell population in rectal biopsies from EC using in situ tetramer staining combined with immunohistochemistry followed by quantitative analysis. Results showed tetramer+ HIV-specific CD8 T cells distributed unevenly throughout the rectal mucosa including within lymphoid aggregates. Frequencies of tetramer+ HIV-specific CD8 T cells ranged from 2 to 25 cells/mm2. A mean of 55% tetramer+ HIV-specific CD8 T cells expressed the effector protein perforin. Among the perforin+ HIV-specific T cells, the majority expressed low to medium levels of perforin and relatively few expressed high levels. In addition, we also observed a subset of perforin+ HIV-specific CD8 T cells in which perforin was located exclusively within the cell membrane, possibly representing a novel subset of armed resident or effector memory cells. Almost all tetramer+ HIV-specific CD8 T cells in the rectal mucosa were negative for Ki67, a marker for activation and proliferation (mean of 96%); many were PD-1+, a marker for recent T cell stimulation or exhaustion (mean of 59%), and some expressed CD103, a marker for a subset of resident memory T cells (mean of 6%). Taken together, these findings indicate that EC maintain diverse populations of memory HIV-specific CD8 T cells distributed throughout the rectal mucosa including within lymphoid aggregates and suggests that these cells are likely continually being exposed to antigen, but not dividing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Hunt
- 3San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco
| | - Ma Somsouk
- 3San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco
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Foster N, Segall MD, Hunt P. BSEP, MRP, and DILI… just a bad hand at scrabble? Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.10.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Deleage C, Schuetz A, Alvord WG, Johnston L, Hao XP, Morcock DR, Rerknimitr R, Fletcher JLK, Puttamaswin S, Phanuphak N, Dewar R, McCune JM, Sereti I, Robb M, Kim JH, Schacker TW, Hunt P, Lifson JD, Ananworanich J, Estes JD. Impact of early cART in the gut during acute HIV infection. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27446990 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.87065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Early after HIV infection there is substantial depletion of CD4+ T cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract lamina propria (LP), with associated epithelial barrier damage, leading to microbial translocation and systemic inflammation and immune activation. In this study, we analyzed these early events in the GI tract in a cohort of Thai acute HIV-infected patients and determined the effect of early combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). HIV-uninfected and chronically and acutely HIV-infected patients at different Fiebig stages (I-V) underwent colonic biopsies and then received cART. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis were performed on cross-sectional and longitudinal colon biopsy specimens (day 0 to week 96) to measure GI tract damage (infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells), inflammation (M×1, TNF-α), immune activation (Ki-67), and the CD4+ T cell population in the LP. The magnitude of GI tract damage, immune activation, and inflammation was significantly increased, with significantly depleted CD4+ T cells in the LP in all acutely infected groups prior to cART compared with HIV-uninfected control participants. While most patients treated during acute infection resolved GI tract inflammation and immune activation back to baseline levels after 24 weeks of cART, most acutely infected participants did not restore their CD4+ T cells after 96 weeks of cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand. ; US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - W Gregory Alvord
- Statistical Consulting, Data Management Services Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie Johnston
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xing-Pei Hao
- Pathology and Histotechnology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Morcock
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - James L K Fletcher
- SEARCH, Bangkok, Thailand. ; Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwanna Puttamaswin
- SEARCH, Bangkok, Thailand. ; Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- SEARCH, Bangkok, Thailand. ; Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robin Dewar
- Virus Isolation and Serology Laboratory, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Science Applications International Corp., Frederick Inc. National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Irini Sereti
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Merlin Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerome H Kim
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ; SEARCH, Bangkok, Thailand. ; International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Timothy W Schacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter Hunt
- Positive Health Program, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. ; SEARCH, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jacob D Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Okello S, Asiimwe S, Kanyesigye M, Muyindike WR, Boum Y, Haberer J, Bangsberg D, Mocello AR, Martin JN, Hunt P, Siedner M. Immune Activation and Risk of Hypertension in HIV-Infected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda: A Nested Case-Control Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofv131.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hunt P, Bouamra O, Jenks T, Lecky FE, Edwards A, Woodford M, Yates D, Han K. EARLY WHOLE BODY VERSUS FOCUSED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING FOLLOWING MAJOR TRAUMA: EXISTING EVIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF 10 YEARS OF TARN DATA. Arch Emerg Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-205372.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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North C, Hunt P, Mocello A, Martin J, Boum Y, Haberer J, Bangsberg D, Christiani D, Siedner M. Cooking Fuel Type and Respiratory Symptoms Among a Cohort of People Living With HIV in Rural Uganda. Chest 2015. [DOI: 10.1378/chest.2244637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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40
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Segall M, Champness E, Leeding C, Chisholm J, Hunt P, Elliott A, Garcia-Martinez H, Foster N, Dowling S. Breaking free from chemical spreadsheets. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1093-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Aaij R, Beteta CA, Adeva B, Adinolfi M, Affolder A, Ajaltouni Z, Akar S, Albrecht J, Alessio F, Alexander M, Ali S, Alkhazov G, Alvarez Cartelle P, Alves AA, Amato S, Amerio S, Amhis Y, An L, Anderlini L, Anderson J, Andreassen R, Andreotti M, Andrews JE, Appleby RB, Aquines Gutierrez O, Archilli F, Artamonov A, Artuso M, Aslanides E, Auriemma G, Baalouch M, Bachmann S, Back JJ, Badalov A, Baesso C, Baldini W, Barlow RJ, Barschel C, Barsuk S, Barter W, Batozskaya V, Battista V, Bay A, Beaucourt L, Beddow J, Bedeschi F, Bediaga I, Belogurov S, Belous K, Belyaev I, Ben-Haim E, Bencivenni G, Benson S, Benton J, Berezhnoy A, Bernet R, Bettler MO, van Beuzekom M, Bien A, Bifani S, Bird T, Bizzeti A, Bjørnstad PM, Blake T, Blanc F, Blouw J, Blusk S, Bocci V, Bondar A, Bondar N, Bonivento W, Borghi S, Borgia A, Borsato M, Bowcock TJV, Bowen E, Bozzi C, Brambach T, Bressieux J, Brett D, Britsch M, Britton T, Brodzicka J, Brook NH, Brown H, Bursche A, Busetto G, Buytaert J, Cadeddu S, Calabrese R, Calvi M, Calvo Gomez M, Campana P, Campora Perez D, Carbone A, Carboni G, Cardinale R, Cardini A, Carson L, Carvalho Akiba K, Casse G, Cassina L, Castillo Garcia L, Cattaneo M, Cauet C, Cenci R, Charles M, Charpentier P, Chefdeville M, Chen S, Cheung SF, Chiapolini N, Chrzaszcz M, Ciba K, Cid Vidal X, Ciezarek G, Clarke PEL, Clemencic M, Cliff HV, Closier J, Coco V, Cogan J, Cogneras E, Cogoni V, Cojocariu L, Collins P, Comerma-Montells A, Contu A, Cook A, Coombes M, Coquereau S, Corti G, Corvo M, Counts I, Couturier B, Cowan GA, Craik DC, Cruz Torres M, Cunliffe S, Currie R, D’Ambrosio C, Dalseno J, David P, David PNY, Davis A, De Bruyn K, De Capua S, De Cian M, De Miranda JM, De Paula L, De Silva W, De Simone P, Decamp D, Deckenhoff M, Del Buono L, Déléage N, Derkach D, Deschamps O, Dettori F, Di Canto A, Dijkstra H, Donleavy S, Dordei F, Dorigo M, Dosil Suárez A, Dossett D, Dovbnya A, Dreimanis K, Dujany G, Dupertuis F, Durante P, Dzhelyadin R, Dziurda A, Dzyuba A, Easo S, Egede U, Egorychev V, Eidelman S, Eisenhardt S, Eitschberger U, Ekelhof R, Eklund L, El Rifai I, Elena E, Elsasser C, Ely S, Esen S, Evans HM, Evans T, Falabella A, Färber C, Farinelli C, Farley N, Farry S, Fay RF, Ferguson D, Fernandez Albor V, Ferreira Rodrigues F, Ferro-Luzzi M, Filippov S, Fiore M, Fiorini M, Firlej M, Fitzpatrick C, Fiutowski T, Fol P, Fontana M, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Francisco O, Frank M, Frei C, Frosini M, Fu J, Furfaro E, Gallas Torreira A, Galli D, Gallorini S, Gambetta S, Gandelman M, Gandini P, Gao Y, García Pardiñas J, Garofoli J, Garra Tico J, Garrido L, Gaspar C, Gauld R, Gavardi L, Gavrilov G, Geraci A, Gersabeck E, Gersabeck M, Gershon T, Ghez P, Gianelle A, Gianì S, Gibson V, Giubega L, Gligorov VV, Göbel C, Golubkov D, Golutvin A, Gomes A, Gotti C, Grabalosa Gándara M, Graciani Diaz R, Granado Cardoso LA, Graugés E, Graziani G, Grecu A, Greening E, Gregson S, Griffith P, Grillo L, Grünberg O, Gui B, Gushchin E, Guz Y, Gys T, Hadjivasiliou C, Haefeli G, Haen C, Haines SC, Hall S, Hamilton B, Hampson T, Han X, Hansmann-Menzemer S, Harnew N, Harnew ST, Harrison J, He J, Head T, Heijne V, Hennessy K, Henrard P, Henry L, Hernando Morata JA, van Herwijnen E, Heß M, Hicheur A, Hill D, Hoballah M, Hombach C, Hulsbergen W, Hunt P, Hussain N, Hutchcroft D, Hynds D, Idzik M, Ilten P, Jacobsson R, Jaeger A, Jalocha J, Jans E, Jaton P, Jawahery A, Jing F, John M, Johnson D, Jones CR, Joram C, Jost B, Jurik N, Kaballo M, Kandybei S, Kanso W, Karacson M, Karbach TM, Karodia S, Kelsey M, Kenyon IR, Ketel T, Khanji B, Khurewathanakul C, Klaver S, Klimaszewski K, Kochebina O, Kolpin M, Komarov I, Koopman RF, Koppenburg P, Korolev M, Kozlinskiy A, Kravchuk L, Kreplin K, Kreps M, Krocker G, Krokovny P, Kruse F, Kucewicz W, Kucharczyk M, Kudryavtsev V, Kurek K, Kvaratskheliya T, La Thi VN, Lacarrere D, Lafferty G, Lai A, Lambert D, Lambert RW, Lanfranchi G, Langenbruch C, Langhans B, Latham T, Lazzeroni C, Le Gac R, van Leerdam J, Lees JP, Lefèvre R, Leflat A, Lefrançois J, Leo S, Leroy O, Lesiak T, Leverington B, Li Y, Likhomanenko T, Liles M, Lindner R, Linn C, Lionetto F, Liu B, Lohn S, Longstaff I, Lopes JH, Lopez-March N, Lowdon P, Lucchesi D, Luo H, Lupato A, Luppi E, Lupton O, Machefert F, Machikhiliyan IV, Maciuc F, Maev O, Malde S, Malinin A, Manca G, Mancinelli G, Mapelli A, Maratas J, Marchand J, Marconi U, Marin Benito C, Marino P, Märki R, Marks J, Martellotti G, Martens A, Sánchez AM, Martinelli M, Martinez Santos D, Martinez Vidal F, Martins Tostes D, Massafferri A, Matev R, Mathe Z, Matteuzzi C, Mazurov A, McCann M, McCarthy J, McNab A, McNulty R, McSkelly B, Meadows B, Meier F, Meissner M, Merk M, Milanes DA, Minard MN, Moggi N, Molina Rodriguez J, Monteil S, Morandin M, Morawski P, Mordà A, Morello MJ, Moron J, Morris AB, Mountain R, Muheim F, Müller K, Mussini M, Muster B, Naik P, Nakada T, Nandakumar R, Nasteva I, Needham M, Neri N, Neubert S, Neufeld N, Neuner M, Nguyen AD, Nguyen TD, Nguyen-Mau C, Nicol M, Niess V, Niet R, Nikitin N, Nikodem T, Novoselov A, O’Hanlon DP, Oblakowska-Mucha A, Obraztsov V, Oggero S, Ogilvy S, Okhrimenko O, Oldeman R, Onderwater G, Orlandea M, Otalora Goicochea JM, Owen P, Oyanguren A, Pal BK, Palano A, Palombo F, Palutan M, Panman J, Papanestis A, Pappagallo M, Pappalardo LL, Parkes C, Parkinson CJ, Passaleva G, Patel GD, Patel M, Patrignani C, Alvarez AP, Pearce A, Pellegrino A, Pepe Altarelli M, Perazzini S, Trigo EP, Perret P, Perrin-Terrin M, Pescatore L, Pesen E, Petridis K, Petrolini A, Picatoste Olloqui E, Pietrzyk B, Pilař T, Pinci D, Pistone A, Playfer S, Plo Casasus M, Polci F, Poluektov A, Polycarpo E, Popov A, Popov D, Popovici B, Potterat C, Price E, Price J, Prisciandaro J, Pritchard A, Prouve C, Pugatch V, Puig Navarro A, Punzi G, Qian W, Rachwal B, Rademacker JH, Rakotomiaramanana B, Rama M, Rangel MS, Raniuk I, Rauschmayr N, Raven G, Redi F, Reichert S, Reid MM, dos Reis AC, Ricciardi S, Richards S, Rihl M, Rinnert K, Rives Molina V, Robbe P, Rodrigues AB, Rodrigues E, Rodriguez Perez P, Roiser S, Romanovsky V, Romero Vidal A, Rotondo M, Rouvinet J, Ruf T, Ruiz H, Ruiz Valls P, Saborido Silva JJ, Sagidova N, Sail P, Saitta B, Salustino Guimaraes V, Sanchez Mayordomo C, Sanmartin Sedes B, Santacesaria R, Santamarina Rios C, Santovetti E, Sarti A, Satriano C, Satta A, Saunders D, Savrie M, Savrina D, Schiller M, Schindler H, Schlupp M, Schmelling M, Schmidt B, Schneider O, Schopper A, Schune MH, Schwemmer R, Sciascia B, Sciubba A, Seco M, Semennikov A, Sepp I, Serra N, Serrano J, Sestini L, Seyfert P, Shapkin M, Shapoval I, Shcheglov Y, Shears T, Shekhtman L, Shevchenko V, Shires A, Silva Coutinho R, Simi G, Sirendi M, Skidmore N, Skwarnicki T, Smith NA, Smith E, Smith E, Smith J, Smith M, Snoek H, Sokoloff MD, Soler FJP, Soomro F, Souza D, De Paula BS, Spaan B, Sparkes A, Spradlin P, Sridharan S, Stagni F, Stahl M, Stahl S, Steinkamp O, Stenyakin O, Stevenson S, Stoica S, Stone S, Storaci B, Stracka S, Straticiuc M, Straumann U, Stroili R, Subbiah VK, Sun L, Sutcliffe W, Swientek K, Swientek S, Syropoulos V, Szczekowski M, Szczypka P, Szilard D, Szumlak T, T’Jampens S, Teklishyn M, Tellarini G, Teubert F, Thomas C, Thomas E, van Tilburg J, Tisserand V, Tobin M, Tolk S, Tomassetti L, Tonelli D, Topp-Joergensen S, Torr N, Tournefier E, Tourneur S, Tran MT, Tresch M, Tsaregorodtsev A, Tsopelas P, Tuning N, Ubeda Garcia M, Ukleja A, Ustyuzhanin A, Uwer U, Vacca C, Vagnoni V, Valenti G, Vallier A, Vazquez Gomez R, Vazquez Regueiro P, Vázquez Sierra C, Vecchi S, Velthuis JJ, Veltri M, Veneziano G, Vesterinen M, Viaud B, Vieira D, Vieites Diaz M, Vilasis-Cardona X, Vollhardt A, Volyanskyy D, Voong D, Vorobyev A, Vorobyev V, Voß C, Voss H, de Vries JA, Waldi R, Wallace C, Wallace R, Walsh J, Wandernoth S, Wang J, Ward DR, Watson NK, Websdale D, Whitehead M, Wicht J, Wiedner D, Wilkinson G, Williams MP, Williams M, Wilschut H, Wilson FF, Wimberley J, Wishahi J, Wislicki W, Witek M, Wormser G, Wotton SA, Wright S, Wyllie K, Xie Y, Xing Z, Xu Z, Yang Z, Yuan X, Yushchenko O, Zangoli M, Zavertyaev M, Zhang L, Zhang WC, Zhang Y, Zhelezov A, Zhokhov A, Zhong L, Zvyagin A. Measurement of the [Formula: see text] production cross-section in proton-proton collisions via the decay [Formula: see text]. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2015; 75:311. [PMID: 26190939 PMCID: PMC4498677 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The production of the [Formula: see text] state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the [Formula: see text] final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range [Formula: see text] and in the meson transverse-momentum range [Formula: see text]. The cross-section for prompt production of [Formula: see text] mesons relative to the prompt [Formula: see text] cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be [Formula: see text] at a centre-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb[Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text] using 2.0 fb[Formula: see text]. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decays to the [Formula: see text] final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of [Formula: see text]-hadron decays into [Formula: see text] mesons is measured, for the first time, to be [Formula: see text], where the third uncertainty includes also the uncertainty on the [Formula: see text] inclusive branching fraction from [Formula: see text]-hadron decays. The difference between the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] meson masses is determined to be [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Aaij
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - B. Adeva
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Adinolfi
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. Affolder
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Z. Ajaltouni
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Akar
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - J. Albrecht
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F. Alessio
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Alexander
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. Ali
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Alkhazov
- />Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | | | - A. A. Alves
- />Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Amato
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S. Amerio
- />Sezione INFN di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Amhis
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - L. An
- />Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - J. Anderson
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - R. B. Appleby
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - F. Archilli
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Artamonov
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - M. Artuso
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - E. Aslanides
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - G. Auriemma
- />Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Baalouch
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Bachmann
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. J. Back
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Badalov
- />Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Baesso
- />Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W. Baldini
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R. J. Barlow
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C. Barschel
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Barsuk
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - W. Barter
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V. Batozskaya
- />National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - V. Battista
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A. Bay
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Beaucourt
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - J. Beddow
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - I. Bediaga
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S. Belogurov
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - K. Belous
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - I. Belyaev
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - E. Ben-Haim
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G. Bencivenni
- />Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S. Benson
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Benton
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. Berezhnoy
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R. Bernet
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M.-O. Bettler
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. van Beuzekom
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Bien
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Bifani
- />University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T. Bird
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. Bizzeti
- />Sezione INFN di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - P. M. Bjørnstad
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T. Blake
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - F. Blanc
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J. Blouw
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Blusk
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - V. Bocci
- />Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Bondar
- />Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N. Bondar
- />Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W. Bonivento
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Borghi
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. Borgia
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - M. Borsato
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - T. J. V. Bowcock
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - E. Bowen
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Bozzi
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - T. Brambach
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Bressieux
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Brett
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M. Britsch
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - J. Brodzicka
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N. H. Brook
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H. Brown
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A. Bursche
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Buytaert
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Cadeddu
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - M. Calvi
- />Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - P. Campana
- />Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Campora Perez
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Carbone
- />Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Carboni
- />Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Cardinale
- />Sezione INFN di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Cardini
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L. Carson
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K. Carvalho Akiba
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G. Casse
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L. Cassina
- />Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Castillo Garcia
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Cattaneo
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ch. Cauet
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R. Cenci
- />University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - M. Charles
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - Ph. Charpentier
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Chefdeville
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Chen
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S.-F. Cheung
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Chiapolini
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Chrzaszcz
- />Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K. Ciba
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - X. Cid Vidal
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - P. E. L. Clarke
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M. Clemencic
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H. V. Cliff
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Closier
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V. Coco
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Cogan
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - E. Cogneras
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V. Cogoni
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L. Cojocariu
- />Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P. Collins
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Comerma-Montells
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Contu
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Cook
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M. Coombes
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S. Coquereau
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G. Corti
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Corvo
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - I. Counts
- />Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - B. Couturier
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. A. Cowan
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D. C. Craik
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - M. Cruz Torres
- />Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - R. Currie
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C. D’Ambrosio
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Dalseno
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - P. David
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P. N. Y. David
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Davis
- />University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - K. De Bruyn
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. De Capua
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M. De Cian
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. M. De Miranda
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L. De Paula
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W. De Silva
- />University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - P. De Simone
- />Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - D. Decamp
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - M. Deckenhoff
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L. Del Buono
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - N. Déléage
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - D. Derkach
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - O. Deschamps
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F. Dettori
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Di Canto
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H. Dijkstra
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Donleavy
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - F. Dordei
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Dorigo
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A. Dosil Suárez
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Dossett
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Dovbnya
- />NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - K. Dreimanis
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - G. Dujany
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F. Dupertuis
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P. Durante
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R. Dzhelyadin
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - A. Dziurda
- />Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A. Dzyuba
- />Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - S. Easo
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- />STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - U. Egede
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - V. Egorychev
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - S. Eidelman
- />Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S. Eisenhardt
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - U. Eitschberger
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R. Ekelhof
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L. Eklund
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - I. El Rifai
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E. Elena
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ch. Elsasser
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Ely
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - S. Esen
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H.-M. Evans
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T. Evans
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - C. Färber
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Farinelli
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. Farley
- />University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S. Farry
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - RF Fay
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D. Ferguson
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - M. Ferro-Luzzi
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Filippov
- />Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Fiore
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Fiorini
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Firlej
- />Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - C. Fitzpatrick
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T. Fiutowski
- />Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - P. Fol
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. Fontana
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - R. Forty
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O. Francisco
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M. Frank
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Frei
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Frosini
- />Sezione INFN di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - J. Fu
- />Sezione INFN di Milano, Milan, Italy
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Furfaro
- />Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - D. Galli
- />Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S. Gallorini
- />Sezione INFN di Padova, Padua, Italy
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Gandelman
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Y. Gao
- />Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - J. Garra Tico
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L. Garrido
- />Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Gaspar
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R. Gauld
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L. Gavardi
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - G. Gavrilov
- />Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - A. Geraci
- />Sezione INFN di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Gersabeck
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Gersabeck
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T. Gershon
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ph. Ghez
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | | | - S. Gianì
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V. Gibson
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L. Giubega
- />Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - V. V. Gligorov
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Göbel
- />Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D. Golubkov
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Golutvin
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Gomes
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C. Gotti
- />Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Grabalosa Gándara
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - E. Graugés
- />Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A. Grecu
- />Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - E. Greening
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Gregson
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - L. Grillo
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O. Grünberg
- />Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - B. Gui
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - E. Gushchin
- />Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu. Guz
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. Gys
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Haefeli
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C. Haen
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. C. Haines
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Hall
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B. Hamilton
- />University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - T. Hampson
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - X. Han
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Hansmann-Menzemer
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. Harnew
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S. T. Harnew
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J. Harrison
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J. He
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. Head
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V. Heijne
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K. Hennessy
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P. Henrard
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L. Henry
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - E. van Herwijnen
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Heß
- />Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - A. Hicheur
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D. Hill
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Hoballah
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C. Hombach
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W. Hulsbergen
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Hunt
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Hussain
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Hutchcroft
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D. Hynds
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M. Idzik
- />Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - P. Ilten
- />Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - R. Jacobsson
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Jaeger
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Jalocha
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E. Jans
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Jaton
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A. Jawahery
- />University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - F. Jing
- />Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M. John
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D. Johnson
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. R. Jones
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C. Joram
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B. Jost
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N. Jurik
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - M. Kaballo
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S. Kandybei
- />NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - W. Kanso
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - M. Karacson
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. M. Karbach
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S. Karodia
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M. Kelsey
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | | | - T. Ketel
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B. Khanji
- />Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Khurewathanakul
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Klaver
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K. Klimaszewski
- />National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - O. Kochebina
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - M. Kolpin
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I. Komarov
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R. F. Koopman
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Koppenburg
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Korolev
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Kozlinskiy
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L. Kravchuk
- />Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia
| | - K. Kreplin
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Kreps
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - G. Krocker
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Krokovny
- />Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - F. Kruse
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - W. Kucewicz
- />Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M. Kucharczyk
- />Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- />Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - V. Kudryavtsev
- />Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K. Kurek
- />National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - T. Kvaratskheliya
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - V. N. La Thi
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Lacarrere
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Lafferty
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. Lai
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D. Lambert
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R. W. Lambert
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G. Lanfranchi
- />Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C. Langenbruch
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - B. Langhans
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T. Latham
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | - R. Le Gac
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - J. van Leerdam
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.-P. Lees
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - R. Lefèvre
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A. Leflat
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - J. Lefrançois
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S. Leo
- />Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - O. Leroy
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - T. Lesiak
- />Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - B. Leverington
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y. Li
- />Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - T. Likhomanenko
- />National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Liles
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R. Lindner
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Linn
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Lionetto
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Liu
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S. Lohn
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I. Longstaff
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J. H. Lopes
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N. Lopez-March
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P. Lowdon
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - H. Luo
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Lupato
- />Sezione INFN di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - E. Luppi
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - O. Lupton
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F. Machefert
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - F. Maciuc
- />Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - O. Maev
- />Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - S. Malde
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A. Malinin
- />National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. Manca
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G. Mancinelli
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - A. Mapelli
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Maratas
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J.F. Marchand
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - U. Marconi
- />Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - R. Märki
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J. Marks
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A. Martens
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - M. Martinelli
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Martinez Santos
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Martinez Vidal
- />Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - D. Martins Tostes
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A. Massafferri
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R. Matev
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z. Mathe
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A. Mazurov
- />University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. McCann
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - A. McNab
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R. McNulty
- />School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B. McSkelly
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B. Meadows
- />University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - F. Meier
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Meissner
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Merk
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. A. Milanes
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M.-N. Minard
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - N. Moggi
- />Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J. Molina Rodriguez
- />Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S. Monteil
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - P. Morawski
- />Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - A. Mordà
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | | | - J. Moron
- />Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - A.-B. Morris
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - F. Muheim
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K. Müller
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Mussini
- />Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - B. Muster
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P. Naik
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T. Nakada
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - I. Nasteva
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M. Needham
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N. Neri
- />Sezione INFN di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Neubert
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N. Neufeld
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Neuner
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. D. Nguyen
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T. D. Nguyen
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C. Nguyen-Mau
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Nicol
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - V. Niess
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R. Niet
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N. Nikitin
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - T. Nikodem
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Novoselov
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - D. P. O’Hanlon
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. Oblakowska-Mucha
- />Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V. Obraztsov
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - S. Oggero
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Ogilvy
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O. Okhrimenko
- />Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - R. Oldeman
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G. Onderwater
- />KVI, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Orlandea
- />Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - P. Owen
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Oyanguren
- />Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - B. K. Pal
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | | | | | - M. Palutan
- />Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J. Panman
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Papanestis
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- />STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - M. Pappagallo
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - C. Parkes
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C. J. Parkinson
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- />University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - G. D. Patel
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M. Patel
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - A. Pazos Alvarez
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A. Pearce
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A. Pellegrino
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Pepe Altarelli
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - E. Perez Trigo
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P. Perret
- />LPC, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - E. Pesen
- />Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - B. Pietrzyk
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - T. Pilař
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - D. Pinci
- />Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - S. Playfer
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M. Plo Casasus
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F. Polci
- />LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A. Poluektov
- />Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - E. Polycarpo
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A. Popov
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - D. Popov
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Popovici
- />Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - C. Potterat
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E. Price
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J.D. Price
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J. Prisciandaro
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A. Pritchard
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - C. Prouve
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - V. Pugatch
- />Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A. Puig Navarro
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G. Punzi
- />Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W. Qian
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - B. Rachwal
- />Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - J. H. Rademacker
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - M. Rama
- />Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M. S. Rangel
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I. Raniuk
- />NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - N. Rauschmayr
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G. Raven
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Redi
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S. Reichert
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M. M. Reid
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A. C. dos Reis
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S. Ricciardi
- />STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - S. Richards
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M. Rihl
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Rinnert
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - P. Robbe
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A. B. Rodrigues
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E. Rodrigues
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P. Rodriguez Perez
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S. Roiser
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V. Romanovsky
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - A. Romero Vidal
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - J. Rouvinet
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T. Ruf
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H. Ruiz
- />Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Ruiz Valls
- />Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - N. Sagidova
- />Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - P. Sail
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - B. Saitta
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - C. Sanchez Mayordomo
- />Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Sarti
- />Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C. Satriano
- />Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Satta
- />Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - D.M. Saunders
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M. Savrie
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - D. Savrina
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - M. Schiller
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H. Schindler
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Schlupp
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Schmelling
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Schmidt
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O. Schneider
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A. Schopper
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M.-H. Schune
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - R. Schwemmer
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B. Sciascia
- />Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A. Sciubba
- />Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Seco
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A. Semennikov
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - I. Sepp
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N. Serra
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Serrano
- />CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | | | - P. Seyfert
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Shapkin
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - I. Shapoval
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- />NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Y. Shcheglov
- />Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - T. Shears
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - L. Shekhtman
- />Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V. Shevchenko
- />National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Shires
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - G. Simi
- />Sezione INFN di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - M. Sirendi
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N. Skidmore
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - N. A. Smith
- />Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - E. Smith
- />STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E. Smith
- />Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J. Smith
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. Smith
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - H. Snoek
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - F. J. P. Soler
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F. Soomro
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Souza
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B. Souza De Paula
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B. Spaan
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A. Sparkes
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P. Spradlin
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S. Sridharan
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F. Stagni
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Stahl
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Stahl
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O. Steinkamp
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O. Stenyakin
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - S. Stevenson
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Stoica
- />Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S. Stone
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - B. Storaci
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Straticiuc
- />Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - U. Straumann
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - V. K. Subbiah
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L. Sun
- />University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | | | - K. Swientek
- />Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - S. Swientek
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - V. Syropoulos
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Szczekowski
- />National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - P. Szczypka
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Szilard
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - T. Szumlak
- />Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH-University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
| | - S. T’Jampens
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - M. Teklishyn
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - F. Teubert
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C. Thomas
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E. Thomas
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. van Tilburg
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V. Tisserand
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - M. Tobin
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Tolk
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - D. Tonelli
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - N. Torr
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E. Tournefier
- />LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Tourneur
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. T. Tran
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Tresch
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - P. Tsopelas
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. Tuning
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Ubeda Garcia
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Ukleja
- />National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Ustyuzhanin
- />National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - U. Uwer
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C. Vacca
- />Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - V. Vagnoni
- />Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Valenti
- />Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Vallier
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | | | - C. Vázquez Sierra
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S. Vecchi
- />Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J. J. Velthuis
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M. Veltri
- />Sezione INFN di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - G. Veneziano
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Vesterinen
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Viaud
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - D. Vieira
- />Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M. Vieites Diaz
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - A. Vollhardt
- />Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D. Volyanskyy
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Voong
- />H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. Vorobyev
- />Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - V. Vorobyev
- />Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - C. Voß
- />Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - H. Voss
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. A. de Vries
- />Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Waldi
- />Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - C. Wallace
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - R. Wallace
- />School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J. Walsh
- />Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S. Wandernoth
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Wang
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - D. R. Ward
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - M. Whitehead
- />Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J. Wicht
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Wiedner
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G. Wilkinson
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- />Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - M. Williams
- />Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - H.W. Wilschut
- />KVI, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. F. Wilson
- />STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | | | - J. Wishahi
- />Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - W. Wislicki
- />National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Witek
- />Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - G. Wormser
- />LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S. A. Wotton
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Wright
- />Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K. Wyllie
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y. Xie
- />Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Z. Xing
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - Z. Xu
- />Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z. Yang
- />Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - X. Yuan
- />Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - O. Yushchenko
- />Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - M. Zangoli
- />Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Zavertyaev
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L. Zhang
- />Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY USA
| | - W. C. Zhang
- />School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Y. Zhang
- />Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - A. Zhelezov
- />Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Zhokhov
- />Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - L. Zhong
- />Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - A. Zvyagin
- />European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
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42
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Holdaway IM, Hunt P, Manning P, Cutfield W, Gamble G, Ninow N, Staples-Moon D, Moodie P, Metcalfe S. Three-year experience with access to nationally funded growth hormone (GH) replacement for GH-deficient adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:85-90. [PMID: 25523467 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment of growth hormone (GH)-deficient adults with GH has been shown to improve a range of metabolic abnormalities and enhance quality of life. However, the results of access to nationally funded treatment have not been reported. DESIGN Retrospective case series auditing nationally funded treatment of defined GH-deficient adults in New Zealand, with carefully designed entry and exit criteria overseen by a panel of endocrinologists. PATIENTS Applications for 201 patients were assessed and 191 approved for funded treatment over the initial 3 years since inception. The majority had GH deficiency following treatment of pituitary adenomas or tumours adjacent to the pituitary. RESULTS After an initial 9-month treatment period using serum IGF-I measurements to adjust GH dosing, all patients reported a significant improvement in quality of life (QoL) score on the QoL-AGHDA(®) instrument (baseline (95%CI) 19 (18-21), 9 months 6 (5-7.5)), and mean serum IGF-I SD scores rose from -3 to zero. Mean waist circumference decreased significantly by 2.8 ± 0.6 cm. The mean maintenance GH dose after 9 months of treatment was 0.39 mg/day. After 3 years, 17% of patients had stopped treatment, and all of the remaining patients maintained the improvements seen at 9 months of treatment. CONCLUSION Carefully designed access to nationally funded GH replacement in GH-deficient adults was associated with a significant improvement in quality of life over a 3-year period with mean daily GH doses lower than in the majority of previously reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Holdaway
- Department of Endocrinology, Auckland Hospital and Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Hunt
- Department of Endocrinology, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - P Manning
- Department of Endocrinology, Dunedin Hospital, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W Cutfield
- Liggins Institute, Auckland University School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - G Gamble
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - N Ninow
- Pharmaceutical Management Agency, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - D Staples-Moon
- Pharmaceutical Management Agency, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - P Moodie
- Pharmaceutical Management Agency, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S Metcalfe
- Pharmaceutical Management Agency, Wellington, New Zealand
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43
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Edwards JK, Cole SR, Westreich D, Mugavero MJ, Eron JJ, Moore RD, Mathews WC, Hunt P, Williams C. Age at Entry Into Care, Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation, and 10-Year Mortality Among HIV-Seropositive Adults in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2015; 61:1189-95. [PMID: 26082505 DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of targeted antiretroviral therapy initiation is to minimize disease progression among patients with human immunodeficiency virus while minimizing the therapeutic burden on these patients. We examine whether the effect of delaying therapy initiation from 500 cells/mm(3) to 350 or 200 cells/mm(3) is modified by age at entry into care. METHODS We used the parametric g-formula to compare 10-year mortality under 3 CD4 cell count thresholds for therapy initiation among 3532 patients who entered care at 1 of 8 sites in the United States between 1998 and 2013. Results are reported separately for patients 18 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 to 65 years of age at study entry. RESULTS In the observed data, 10-year mortality was 13% (165 deaths). Mortality increased from 11% under therapy initiation at 500 cells/mm(3) to 12% at 350 cells/mm(3) (risk difference [RD]: 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: .56, 2.17) and to 14% at 200 cells/mm(3) (RD: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.79, 5.38). The effect of delaying therapy became greater with age: RDs comparing the 350-cells/mm(3) threshold with the 500-cells/mm(3) threshold ranged from -0.03 (95% CI: -0.15, 1.76) for patients 18 to 34 years of age to 0.99 (95% CI: -.27, 1.98) for patients 35 to 44 and to 2.30 (95% CI: 1.29, 5.42) for patients 45 to 65. CONCLUSIONS Delaying therapy increased 10-year mortality in the full cohort. Subgroup analysis highlights that patients entering care at older ages may be more vulnerable to the consequences of delayed ART initiation than younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie K Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Stephen R Cole
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Daniel Westreich
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Joseph J Eron
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Richard D Moore
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Peter Hunt
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Carolyn Williams
- Basic Science Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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44
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Bailey MS, Beaton K, Bowley D, Eardley W, Hunt P, Johnson S, Round J, Tarmey NT, Williams A. Bending the curve: force health protection during the insertion phase of the Ebola outbreak response. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2015; 162:191-7. [PMID: 26036821 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2014-000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
After >10 years of enduring operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, Defence Strategic Direction is returning to a contingency posture. As the first post-Afghanistan operation, in September 2014, a UK Joint Inter-Agency Task Force deployed to Sierra Leone in response to the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa. The aims were expanding treatment capacity, assisting with training and supporting host nation resilience. The insertion phase of this deployment created a unique set of challenges for force health protection. In addition to the considerable risk of tropical disease and trauma, deployed personnel faced the risks of working in an EVD epidemic. This report explores how deployed medical assets overcame the difficulties of mounting a short-notice contingent operation in a region of the world with inherent major climatic and health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Bailey
- Department of Infection & Tropical Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK Department of Military Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Beaton
- Headquarters 2nd Medical Brigade, York, UK
| | - D Bowley
- Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - W Eardley
- Department of Orthopaedics, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Hunt
- Emergency Department, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, UK
| | - S Johnson
- Garrison Medical Centre, Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire, UK
| | - J Round
- Anaesthetics & Critical Care, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - N T Tarmey
- Academic Department of Critical Care, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - A Williams
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom
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45
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younes S, shive C, Reynaldi A, Freeman M, Panigrahi S, Estes J, Anderson J, Schacker T, Davenport M, McCune J, Hunt P, Lee S, Serrano-Villar S, Canaday D, Cameron C, Sekaly RP, Rodriguez B, Sieg S, Lederman M. IL-15 drives CD8 T cell cycling and differentiation in chronic HIV-1 infection (VIR6P.1162). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.149.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by sustained CD8 T cell expansion that is linked to morbid outcomes even after HIV replication is controlled with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The drivers of this persistent CD8 expansion in HIV-1 infection are not well understood. Here we show that cycling frequency is increased in memory CD8 T cells in untreated HIV-1 infected patients and cycling CD8 T cells have a broad T cell receptor repertoire tightly linked to the repertoire of non-cycling cells suggesting that they are largely driven into cycle by bystander mechanisms. In HIV-1 infection, cycling and granzyme B expression were increased among CD8 T cells binding viral peptide/HLA tetramers and this enriched cycling/cytolytic phenotype among virus-reactive CD8 T cells could be generated in vitro by exposure to interleukin (IL)-15. Lymph nodes of HIV-1 infected untreated patients were enriched for interleukin-15 expression that correlated with circulating CD8 T cell counts and normalized with drug-induced control of HIV-1 replication. The determinants of persistent CD8 T cell expansion and the mechanisms whereby this expansion is linked to increased morbidity merit further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- souheil younes
- 1Infection disease, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
| | - carey shive
- 1Infection disease, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- 7Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Jacob Estes
- 5AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jodi Anderson
- 6Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Timothy Schacker
- 6Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Miles Davenport
- 7Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joseph McCune
- 4University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Hunt
- 8Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sulggi Lee
- 8Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- 9Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cheryl Cameron
- 1Infection disease, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Scott Sieg
- 1Infection disease, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
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46
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Asmuth D, Somsouk M, Min Ma Z, Hunt P, Miller C, Dong Li X, Hinkle J, Shaw A, Weaver E, Klein G. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin increases peripheral and mucosal CD4 T cell count (MUC8P.736). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.204.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A multi-center trial in HIV-enteropathy was conducted to evaluate the impact of serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) on markers of peripheral and mucosal immunity as previously reported. Participants (pts) with HIV enteropathy were randomized to SBI 2.5 vs 5.0 g BID or placebo (PBO) during a 4-wk lead-in phase followed by SBI 2.5 vs 5.0 g BID for 20 wks. 103 pts were enrolled with a mean duration of HIV, ART, and enteropathy over 15, 5 and 5 years, respectively. While there was no evidence for a median change in peripheral CD4 counts in all pts from baseline to wk 24 (681 to 661 cells/mL), significant increases were observed among pts in the lowest quartile (n=24)(311 to 366 cells/mL, p=0.002). In this subgroup the SBI pts had increased CD4 counts at wk 4 vs PBO pts (median +42 vs ‑16 cells/mL, p=0.02) which was maintained through wk 24. The mean plasma zonulin levels increased from 358(±317) to 812(±423) ng/mL (p<0.001) for pts receiving SBI through 24 weeks. Duodenal CD4 densities increased from 217 to 329 cells/mm2 (median increase of 145 cells/mm2 [p=0.02]) in biopsies obtained from 8 pts, confirming earlier findings. Duodenal crypt cells expressing Ki67 decreased in 6/7 pts from 41% to 24% (p=0.08) which correlated with the decreased number of Paneth cells per crypt (p=0.048). SBI may be a novel therapy to restore mucosal immunity and impact systemic immune reconstitution among pts who have not achieved normal CD4 counts despite prolonged suppressive ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Asmuth
- 7University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- 4University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zhong Min Ma
- 3Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA
- 5University of California, Davis, CA
- 6California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Peter Hunt
- 4University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher Miller
- 5University of California, Davis, CA
- 6California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Xiao Dong Li
- 7University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
- 3Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA
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47
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Stiefl N, Gedeck P, Chin D, Hunt P, Lindvall M, Spiegel K, Springer C, Biller S, Buenemann C, Kanazawa T, Kato M, Lewis R, Martin E, Polyakov V, Tommasi R, van Drie J, Vash B, Whitehead L, Xu Y, Abagyan R, Raush E, Totrov M. FOCUS--Development of a Global Communication and Modeling Platform for Applied and Computational Medicinal Chemists. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:896-908. [PMID: 25816021 DOI: 10.1021/ci500598e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Communication of data and ideas within a medicinal chemistry project on a global as well as local level is a crucial aspect in the drug design cycle. Over a time frame of eight years, we built and optimized FOCUS, a platform to produce, visualize, and share information on various aspects of a drug discovery project such as cheminformatics, data analysis, structural information, and design. FOCUS is tightly integrated with internal services that involve-among others-data retrieval systems and in-silico models and provides easy access to automated modeling procedures such as pharmacophore searches, R-group analysis, and similarity searches. In addition, an interactive 3D editor was developed to assist users in the generation and docking of close analogues of a known lead. In this paper, we will specifically concentrate on issues we faced during development, deployment, and maintenance of the software and how we continually adapted the software in order to improve usability. We will provide usage examples to highlight the functionality as well as limitations of FOCUS at the various stages of the development process. We aim to make the discussion as independent of the software platform as possible, so that our experiences can be of more general value to the drug discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Stiefl
- †Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Gedeck
- ‡Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases Pte. Ltd., 10 Biopolis Road, #05-01 Chromos, Singapore 138670
| | - Donovan Chin
- §Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Hunt
- ∥Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Lindvall
- ⊥Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Bldg. 4, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Katrin Spiegel
- ∥Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Clayton Springer
- §Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Scott Biller
- §Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christoph Buenemann
- #Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 11/2 Muthgasse, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Takanori Kanazawa
- ∇Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Kato
- §Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,∇Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Ohkubo 8, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
| | - Richard Lewis
- †Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Martin
- ⊥Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Bldg. 4, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Valery Polyakov
- ⊥Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Bldg. 4, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Ruben Tommasi
- §Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John van Drie
- §Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brian Vash
- §Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lewis Whitehead
- §Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yongjin Xu
- ⊥Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 4560 Horton Street, Bldg. 4, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- ○Molsoft L.L.C., 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, S209, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Eugene Raush
- ○Molsoft L.L.C., 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, S209, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Max Totrov
- ○Molsoft L.L.C., 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, S209, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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48
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Aaij R, Adeva B, Adinolfi M, Affolder A, Ajaltouni Z, Akar S, Albrecht J, Alessio F, Alexander M, Ali S, Alkhazov G, Alvarez Cartelle P, Alves AA, Amato S, Amerio S, Amhis Y, An L, Anderlini L, Anderson J, Andreassen R, Andreotti M, Andrews JE, Appleby RB, Aquines Gutierrez O, Archilli F, Artamonov A, Artuso M, Aslanides E, Auriemma G, Baalouch M, Bachmann S, Back JJ, Badalov A, Baesso C, Baldini W, Barlow RJ, Barschel C, Barsuk S, Barter W, Batozskaya V, Battista V, Bay A, Beaucourt L, Beddow J, Bedeschi F, Bediaga I, Belogurov S, Belous K, Belyaev I, Ben-Haim E, Bencivenni G, Benson S, Benton J, Berezhnoy A, Bernet R, Bettler MO, van Beuzekom M, Bien A, Bifani S, Bird T, Bizzeti A, Bjørnstad PM, Blake T, Blanc F, Blouw J, Blusk S, Bocci V, Bondar A, Bondar N, Bonivento W, Borghi S, Borgia A, Borsato M, Bowcock TJV, Bowen E, Bozzi C, Brambach T, Brett D, Britsch M, Britton T, Brodzicka J, Brook NH, Brown H, Bursche A, Buytaert J, Cadeddu S, Calabrese R, Calvi M, Calvo Gomez M, Campana P, Campora Perez D, Capriotti L, Carbone A, Carboni G, Cardinale R, Cardini A, Carson L, Carvalho Akiba K, Casse G, Cassina L, Castillo Garcia L, Cattaneo M, Cauet C, Cenci R, Charles M, Charpentier P, Chefdeville M, Chen S, Cheung SF, Chiapolini N, Chrzaszcz M, Cid Vidal X, Ciezarek G, Clarke PEL, Clemencic M, Cliff HV, Closier J, Coco V, Cogan J, Cogneras E, Cogoni V, Cojocariu L, Collazuol G, Collins P, Comerma-Montells A, Contu A, Cook A, Coombes M, Coquereau S, Corti G, Corvo M, Counts I, Couturier B, Cowan GA, Craik DC, Crocombe AC, Cruz Torres M, Cunliffe S, Currie R, D'Ambrosio C, Dalseno J, David P, David PNY, Davis A, De Bruyn K, De Capua S, De Cian M, De Miranda JM, De Paula L, De Silva W, De Simone P, Dean CT, Decamp D, Deckenhoff M, Del Buono L, Déléage N, Derkach D, Deschamps O, Dettori F, Di Canto A, Dijkstra H, Donleavy S, Dordei F, Dorigo M, Dosil Suárez A, Dossett D, Dovbnya A, Dreimanis K, Dujany G, Dupertuis F, Durante P, Dzhelyadin R, Dziurda A, Dzyuba A, Easo S, Egede U, Egorychev V, Eidelman S, Eisenhardt S, Eitschberger U, Ekelhof R, Eklund L, El Rifai I, Elsasser C, Ely S, Esen S, Evans HM, Evans T, Falabella A, Färber C, Farinelli C, Farley N, Farry S, Fay R, Ferguson D, Fernandez Albor V, Ferreira Rodrigues F, Ferro-Luzzi M, Filippov S, Fiore M, Fiorini M, Firlej M, Fitzpatrick C, Fiutowski T, Fol P, Fontana M, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Francisco O, Frank M, Frei C, Frosini M, Fu J, Furfaro E, Gallas Torreira A, Galli D, Gallorini S, Gambetta S, Gandelman M, Gandini P, Gao Y, García Pardiñas J, Garofoli J, Garra Tico J, Garrido L, Gascon D, Gaspar C, Gauld R, Gavardi L, Gazzoni G, Geraci A, Gersabeck E, Gersabeck M, Gershon T, Ghez P, Gianelle A, Gianì S, Gibson V, Giubega L, Gligorov VV, Göbel C, Golubkov D, Golutvin A, Gomes A, Gotti C, Grabalosa Gándara M, Graciani Diaz R, Granado Cardoso LA, Graugés E, Graverini E, Graziani G, Grecu A, Greening E, Gregson S, Griffith P, Grillo L, Grünberg O, Gui B, Gushchin E, Guz Y, Gys T, Hadjivasiliou C, Haefeli G, Haen C, Haines SC, Hall S, Hamilton B, Hampson T, Han X, Hansmann-Menzemer S, Harnew N, Harnew ST, Harrison J, He J, Head T, Heijne V, Hennessy K, Henrard P, Henry L, Hernando Morata JA, van Herwijnen E, Heß M, Hicheur A, Hill D, Hoballah M, Hombach C, Hulsbergen W, Hunt P, Hussain N, Hutchcroft D, Hynds D, Idzik M, Ilten P, Jacobsson R, Jaeger A, Jalocha J, Jans E, Jaton P, Jawahery A, Jing F, John M, Johnson D, Jones CR, Joram C, Jost B, Jurik N, Kandybei S, Kanso W, Karacson M, Karbach TM, Karodia S, Kelsey M, Kenyon IR, Ketel T, Khanji B, Khurewathanakul C, Klaver S, Klimaszewski K, Kochebina O, Kolpin M, Komarov I, Koopman RF, Koppenburg P, Korolev M, Kozlinskiy A, Kravchuk L, Kreplin K, Kreps M, Krocker G, Krokovny P, Kruse F, Kucewicz W, Kucharczyk M, Kudryavtsev V, Kurek K, Kvaratskheliya T, La Thi VN, Lacarrere D, Lafferty G, Lai A, Lambert D, Lambert RW, Lanfranchi G, Langenbruch C, Langhans B, Latham T, Lazzeroni C, Le Gac R, van Leerdam J, Lees JP, Lefèvre R, Leflat A, Lefrançois J, Leo S, Leroy O, Lesiak T, Leverington B, Li Y, Likhomanenko T, Liles M, Lindner R, Linn C, Lionetto F, Liu B, Lohn S, Longstaff I, Lopes JH, Lopez-March N, Lowdon P, Lucchesi D, Luo H, Lupato A, Luppi E, Lupton O, Machefert F, Machikhiliyan IV, Maciuc F, Maev O, Malde S, Malinin A, Manca G, Mancinelli G, Mapelli A, Maratas J, Marchand JF, Marconi U, Marin Benito C, Marino P, Märki R, Marks J, Martellotti G, Martín Sánchez A, Martinelli M, Martinez Santos D, Martinez Vidal F, Martins Tostes D, Massafferri A, Matev R, Mathe Z, Matteuzzi C, Mazurov A, McCann M, McCarthy J, McNab A, McNulty R, McSkelly B, Meadows B, Meier F, Meissner M, Merk M, Milanes DA, Minard MN, Moggi N, Molina Rodriguez J, Monteil S, Morandin M, Morawski P, Mordà A, Morello MJ, Moron J, Morris AB, Mountain R, Muheim F, Müller K, Mussini M, Muster B, Naik P, Nakada T, Nandakumar R, Nasteva I, Needham M, Neri N, Neubert S, Neufeld N, Neuner M, Nguyen AD, Nguyen TD, Nguyen-Mau C, Nicol M, Niess V, Niet R, Nikitin N, Nikodem T, Novoselov A, O'Hanlon DP, Oblakowska-Mucha A, Obraztsov V, Oggero S, Ogilvy S, Okhrimenko O, Oldeman R, Onderwater CJG, Orlandea M, Otalora Goicochea JM, Otto A, Owen P, Oyanguren A, Pal BK, Palano A, Palombo F, Palutan M, Panman J, Papanestis A, Pappagallo M, Pappalardo LL, Parkes C, Parkinson CJ, Passaleva G, Patel GD, Patel M, Patrignani C, Pearce A, Pellegrino A, Penso G, Pepe Altarelli M, Perazzini S, Perret P, Perrin-Terrin M, Pescatore L, Pesen E, Petridis K, Petrolini A, Picatoste Olloqui E, Pietrzyk B, Pilař T, Pinci D, Pistone A, Playfer S, Plo Casasus M, Polci F, Poluektov A, Polyakov I, Polycarpo E, Popov A, Popov D, Popovici B, Potterat C, Price E, Price JD, Prisciandaro J, Pritchard A, Prouve C, Pugatch V, Puig Navarro A, Punzi G, Qian W, Rachwal B, Rademacker JH, Rakotomiaramanana B, Rama M, Rangel MS, Raniuk I, Rauschmayr N, Raven G, Redi F, Reichert S, Reid MM, dos Reis AC, Ricciardi S, Richards S, Rihl M, Rinnert K, Rives Molina V, 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Straumann U, Stroili R, Subbiah VK, Sun L, Sutcliffe W, Swientek K, Swientek S, Syropoulos V, Szczekowski M, Szczypka P, Szumlak T, T'Jampens S, Teklishyn M, Tellarini G, Teubert F, Thomas C, Thomas E, van Tilburg J, Tisserand V, Tobin M, Todd J, Tolk S, Tomassetti L, Tonelli D, Topp-Joergensen S, Torr N, Tournefier E, Tourneur S, Tran MT, Tresch M, Trisovic A, Tsaregorodtsev A, Tsopelas P, Tuning N, Ubeda Garcia M, Ukleja A, Ustyuzhanin A, Uwer U, Vacca C, Vagnoni V, Valenti G, Vallier A, Vazquez Gomez R, Vazquez Regueiro P, Vázquez Sierra C, Vecchi S, Velthuis JJ, Veltri M, Veneziano G, Vesterinen M, Viaud B, Vieira D, Vieites Diaz M, Vilasis-Cardona X, Vollhardt A, Volyanskyy D, Voong D, Vorobyev A, Vorobyev V, Voß C, de Vries JA, Waldi R, Wallace C, Wallace R, Walsh J, Wandernoth S, Wang J, Ward DR, Watson NK, Websdale D, Whitehead M, Wicht J, Wiedner D, Wilkinson G, Williams MP, Williams M, Wilschut HW, Wilson FF, Wimberley J, Wishahi J, Wislicki W, Witek M, Wormser G, Wotton SA, Wright S, Wyllie K, Xie Y, Xing Z, Xu Z, Yang Z, Yuan X, Yushchenko O, Zangoli M, Zavertyaev M, Zhang L, Zhang WC, Zhang Y, Zhelezov A, Zhokhov A, Zhong L. Measurement of Bc+ Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at √[s]=8 TeV. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:132001. [PMID: 25884121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Production of Bc+ mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV is studied with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of production cross sections times branching fractions between the Bc+→J/ψπ+ and B+→J/ψK+ decays is measured as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity in the regions 0<pT<20 GeV/c and 2.0<y<4.5. The ratio in this kinematic range is measured to be (0.683±0.018±0.009)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aaij
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Adeva
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Adinolfi
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Affolder
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Z Ajaltouni
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Akar
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - J Albrecht
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Alessio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Alexander
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Ali
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Alkhazov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | | | - A A Alves
- Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Amato
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Amerio
- Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Y Amhis
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - L An
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - J Anderson
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - J E Andrews
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - R B Appleby
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - F Archilli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Artamonov
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - M Artuso
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - E Aslanides
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - G Auriemma
- Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M Baalouch
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Bachmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J J Back
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Badalov
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Baesso
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Institution Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
| | - W Baldini
- Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R J Barlow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - C Barschel
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Barsuk
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - W Barter
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Batozskaya
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - V Battista
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Bay
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Beaucourt
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - J Beddow
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - I Bediaga
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Belogurov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - K Belous
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - I Belyaev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - E Ben-Haim
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Bencivenni
- Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Benson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Benton
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Berezhnoy
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - R Bernet
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M-O Bettler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M van Beuzekom
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Bien
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bifani
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - T Bird
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Bizzeti
- Sezione INFN di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - P M Bjørnstad
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Blake
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - F Blanc
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Blouw
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Blusk
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - V Bocci
- Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N Bondar
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - W Bonivento
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Borghi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Borgia
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - M Borsato
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - T J V Bowcock
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - E Bowen
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C Bozzi
- Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - T Brambach
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Brett
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M Britsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Britton
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - J Brodzicka
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - N H Brook
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - H Brown
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Bursche
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Buytaert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Cadeddu
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - M Calvi
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - P Campana
- Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - D Campora Perez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Capriotti
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Carbone
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Carboni
- Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - R Cardinale
- Sezione INFN di Genova, Genova, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Cardini
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Carson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K Carvalho Akiba
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Casse
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Cassina
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - L Castillo Garcia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Cattaneo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ch Cauet
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Cenci
- Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Charles
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - Ph Charpentier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Chefdeville
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - S Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S-F Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N Chiapolini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Chrzaszcz
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - X Cid Vidal
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Ciezarek
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P E L Clarke
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Clemencic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H V Cliff
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Closier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Coco
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Cogan
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - E Cogneras
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - V Cogoni
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Cojocariu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - P Collins
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Comerma-Montells
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Contu
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Cook
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Coombes
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Coquereau
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Corti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Corvo
- Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Counts
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B Couturier
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G A Cowan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D C Craik
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A C Crocombe
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - M Cruz Torres
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Institution Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
| | - S Cunliffe
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Currie
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C D'Ambrosio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Dalseno
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - P David
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - P N Y David
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Davis
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - K De Bruyn
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S De Capua
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M De Cian
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J M De Miranda
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W De Silva
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - P De Simone
- Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C-T Dean
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - D Decamp
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - M Deckenhoff
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Del Buono
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - N Déléage
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - D Derkach
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - O Deschamps
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - F Dettori
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Di Canto
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Dijkstra
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Donleavy
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - F Dordei
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Dorigo
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Dosil Suárez
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Dossett
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Dovbnya
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - K Dreimanis
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - G Dujany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - F Dupertuis
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Durante
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Dzhelyadin
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - A Dziurda
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Dzyuba
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - S Easo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - U Egede
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Egorychev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S Eisenhardt
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - U Eitschberger
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Ekelhof
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - L Eklund
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - I El Rifai
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ch Elsasser
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Ely
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - S Esen
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H-M Evans
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Färber
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Farinelli
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Farley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Farry
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R Fay
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Ferguson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - V Fernandez Albor
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - M Ferro-Luzzi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Filippov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia
| | - M Fiore
- Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Fiorini
- Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Firlej
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Fitzpatrick
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Fiutowski
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Fol
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Fontana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - R Forty
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Francisco
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Frank
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Frei
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Frosini
- Sezione INFN di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - J Fu
- Sezione INFN di Milano, Milano, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Furfaro
- Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - A Gallas Torreira
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Galli
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Gallorini
- Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - M Gandelman
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Gandini
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Y Gao
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - J García Pardiñas
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Garofoli
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - J Garra Tico
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Garrido
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Gascon
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Gaspar
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Gauld
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L Gavardi
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Gazzoni
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Geraci
- Sezione INFN di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - E Gersabeck
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Gersabeck
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ph Ghez
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | | | - S Gianì
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Gibson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Giubega
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - V V Gligorov
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Göbel
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Institution Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
| | - D Golubkov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Golutvin
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Gomes
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C Gotti
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - M Grabalosa Gándara
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - E Graugés
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Graverini
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - A Grecu
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - E Greening
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Gregson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P Griffith
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - L Grillo
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - B Gui
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - E Gushchin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu Guz
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Gys
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - G Haefeli
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Haen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S C Haines
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Hall
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Hamilton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - T Hampson
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - X Han
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Hansmann-Menzemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Harnew
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S T Harnew
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Harrison
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - J He
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Head
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Heijne
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Hennessy
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Henrard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Henry
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | | | - E van Herwijnen
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Heß
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - A Hicheur
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Hoballah
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Hombach
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - W Hulsbergen
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Hunt
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N Hussain
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Hutchcroft
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Hynds
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M Idzik
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - P Ilten
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Jacobsson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Jaeger
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Jalocha
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Jans
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Jaton
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jing
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - M John
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - D Johnson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C R Jones
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Joram
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Jost
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Jurik
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - S Kandybei
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - W Kanso
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - M Karacson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T M Karbach
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Karodia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M Kelsey
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - I R Kenyon
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - T Ketel
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Khanji
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Khurewathanakul
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Klaver
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - K Klimaszewski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - O Kochebina
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - M Kolpin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Komarov
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R F Koopman
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Koppenburg
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Korolev
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - A Kozlinskiy
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Kravchuk
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INR RAN), Moscow, Russia
| | - K Kreplin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kreps
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - G Krocker
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - F Kruse
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - W Kucewicz
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Kucharczyk
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - V Kudryavtsev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K Kurek
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Kvaratskheliya
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - V N La Thi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Lacarrere
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Lafferty
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Lai
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D Lambert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R W Lambert
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Lanfranchi
- Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Langenbruch
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - B Langhans
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - C Lazzeroni
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Le Gac
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - J van Leerdam
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J-P Lees
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - R Lefèvre
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Leflat
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - J Lefrançois
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S Leo
- Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - O Leroy
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - T Lesiak
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - B Leverington
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Y Li
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - T Likhomanenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institution Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia)
| | - M Liles
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - R Lindner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Linn
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Lionetto
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Liu
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S Lohn
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Longstaff
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J H Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N Lopez-March
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Lowdon
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - H Luo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A Lupato
- Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - O Lupton
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F Machefert
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - I V Machikhiliyan
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - F Maciuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - O Maev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - S Malde
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Malinin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institution Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia)
| | - G Manca
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Mancinelli
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - A Mapelli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Maratas
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J F Marchand
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - U Marconi
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - P Marino
- Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Märki
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Marks
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - M Martinelli
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Martinez Santos
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Martinez Vidal
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with Institution Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - D Martins Tostes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Massafferri
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R Matev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Z Mathe
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Matteuzzi
- Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - A Mazurov
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M McCann
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J McCarthy
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A McNab
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R McNulty
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B McSkelly
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - F Meier
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Meissner
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Merk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D A Milanes
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia (associated with Institution LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France)
| | - M-N Minard
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - N Moggi
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - J Molina Rodriguez
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (associated with Institution Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
| | - S Monteil
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - P Morawski
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Mordà
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Moron
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - A-B Morris
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R Mountain
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - F Muheim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - K Müller
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Mussini
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - B Muster
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Naik
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T Nakada
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - I Nasteva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Needham
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - N Neri
- Sezione INFN di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Neubert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Neufeld
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Neuner
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A D Nguyen
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T D Nguyen
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Nguyen-Mau
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Nicol
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - V Niess
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R Niet
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N Nikitin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - T Nikodem
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Novoselov
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - D P O'Hanlon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A Oblakowska-Mucha
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Obraztsov
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - S Oggero
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Ogilvy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - O Okhrimenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - R Oldeman
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - C J G Onderwater
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
| | - M Orlandea
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - A Otto
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Owen
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Oyanguren
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with Institution Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B K Pal
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - A Palano
- Sezione INFN di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- Sezione INFN di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Palutan
- Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Panman
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Papanestis
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - M Pappagallo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - C Parkes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - C J Parkinson
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - G D Patel
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Patel
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Pearce
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Pellegrino
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Penso
- Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - M Pepe Altarelli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - P Perret
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Perrin-Terrin
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - L Pescatore
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - E Pesen
- Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey (associated with Institution European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland)
| | - K Petridis
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - B Pietrzyk
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - T Pilař
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - D Pinci
- Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Pistone
- Sezione INFN di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - S Playfer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Plo Casasus
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Polci
- LPNHE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Poluektov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - I Polyakov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - E Polycarpo
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Popov
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - D Popov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Popovici
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - C Potterat
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Price
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J D Price
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J Prisciandaro
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Pritchard
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Prouve
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - V Pugatch
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the National Academy of Sciences (KINR), Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Puig Navarro
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Punzi
- Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W Qian
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - B Rachwal
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - J H Rademacker
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Rama
- Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M S Rangel
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I Raniuk
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - N Rauschmayr
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Raven
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Redi
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Reichert
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M M Reid
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - A C dos Reis
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S Ricciardi
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - S Richards
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Rihl
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Rinnert
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - P Robbe
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A B Rodrigues
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Rodrigues
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - P Rodriguez Perez
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Roiser
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Romanovsky
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - A Romero Vidal
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Rotondo
- Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J Rouvinet
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Ruf
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H Ruiz
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Ruiz Valls
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with Institution Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | | | - N Sagidova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - P Sail
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Saitta
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - C Sanchez Mayordomo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, Valencia, Spain (associated with Institution Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain)
| | - B Sanmartin Sedes
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | - A Sarti
- Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - C Satriano
- Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Satta
- Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - D M Saunders
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - D Savrina
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University (SINP MSU), Moscow, Russia
| | - M Schiller
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Schindler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schlupp
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Schmelling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - O Schneider
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Schopper
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M-H Schune
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - R Schwemmer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Sciascia
- Laboratori Nazionali dell'INFN di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Sciubba
- Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - A Semennikov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - I Sepp
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Serra
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Serrano
- CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France
| | - L Sestini
- Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Seyfert
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Shapkin
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - I Shapoval
- Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- NSC Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology (NSC KIPT), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Y Shcheglov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - T Shears
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Shekhtman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V Shevchenko
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institution Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia)
| | - A Shires
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Silva Coutinho
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - G Simi
- Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Sirendi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N Skidmore
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - I Skillicorn
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - N A Smith
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - E Smith
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Smith
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Smith
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - H Snoek
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - F J P Soler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - F Soomro
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Souza
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - B Souza De Paula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B Spaan
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P Spradlin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Sridharan
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Stagni
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Stahl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Stahl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Steinkamp
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - O Stenyakin
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - S Stevenson
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Stoica
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stone
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - B Storaci
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Straticiuc
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - U Straumann
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - R Stroili
- Sezione INFN di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - V K Subbiah
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - W Sutcliffe
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Swientek
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - S Swientek
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - V Syropoulos
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Szczekowski
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Szczypka
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Szumlak
- AGH - University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Kraków, Poland
| | - S T'Jampens
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - M Teklishyn
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - F Teubert
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Thomas
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Thomas
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J van Tilburg
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Tisserand
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - M Tobin
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Todd
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - S Tolk
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - D Tonelli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - N Torr
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Tournefier
- LAPP, Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - S Tourneur
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M T Tran
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Tresch
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Trisovic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - P Tsopelas
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Tuning
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Ubeda Garcia
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Ukleja
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Ustyuzhanin
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia (associated with Institution Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia)
| | - U Uwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Vacca
- Sezione INFN di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - V Vagnoni
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Valenti
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Vallier
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | | | - C Vázquez Sierra
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Vecchi
- Sezione INFN di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J J Velthuis
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Veltri
- Sezione INFN di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - G Veneziano
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Vesterinen
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Viaud
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - D Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Vieites Diaz
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - A Vollhardt
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Volyanskyy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Voong
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Vorobyev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI), Gatchina, Russia
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (SB RAS) and Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - C Voß
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - J A de Vries
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Waldi
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany (associated with Institution Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany)
| | - C Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - R Wallace
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Walsh
- Sezione INFN di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Wandernoth
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Wang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - D R Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - N K Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Websdale
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Whitehead
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J Wicht
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Wiedner
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Wilkinson
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M P Williams
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Williams
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H W Wilschut
- Van Swinderen Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (associated with Institution Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
| | - F F Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - J Wimberley
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J Wishahi
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - W Wislicki
- National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Witek
- Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - G Wormser
- LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S A Wotton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Wright
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - K Wyllie
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Xie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (associated with Institution Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
| | - Z Xing
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Z Xu
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Yang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - X Yuan
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - O Yushchenko
- Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP), Protvino, Russia
| | - M Zangoli
- Sezione INFN di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Zavertyaev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Zhang
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - W C Zhang
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Y Zhang
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - A Zhelezov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Zhokhov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Moscow, Russia
| | - L Zhong
- Center for High Energy Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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von Stockenstrom S, Odevall L, Lee E, Sinclair E, Bacchetti P, Killian M, Epling L, Shao W, Hoh R, Ho T, Faria NR, Lemey P, Albert J, Hunt P, Loeb L, Pilcher C, Poole L, Hatano H, Somsouk M, Douek D, Boritz E, Deeks SG, Hecht FM, Palmer S. Longitudinal Genetic Characterization Reveals That Cell Proliferation Maintains a Persistent HIV Type 1 DNA Pool During Effective HIV Therapy. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:596-607. [PMID: 25712966 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir and the contribution of cellular proliferation to the maintenance of the reservoir during treatment are uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of HIV-1 in T-cell subsets in different tissue compartments from subjects receiving effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Using single-proviral sequencing, we isolated intracellular HIV-1 genomes derived from defined subsets of CD4(+) T cells from peripheral blood, gut-associated lymphoid tissue and lymph node tissue specimens from 8 subjects with virologic suppression during long-term ART at 2 time points (time points 1 and 2) separated by 7-9 months. RESULTS DNA integrant frequencies were stable over time (<4-fold difference) and highest in memory T cells. Phylogenetic analyses showed that subjects treated during chronic infection contained viral populations with up to 73% identical sequence expansions, only 3 of which were observed in specimens obtained before therapy. At time points 1 and 2, such clonally expanded populations were found predominantly in effector memory T cells from peripheral blood and lymph node tissue specimens. CONCLUSIONS Memory T cells maintained a relatively constant HIV-1 DNA integrant pool that was genetically stable during long-term effective ART. These integrants appear to be maintained by cellular proliferation and longevity of infected cells, rather than by ongoing viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne von Stockenstrom
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lina Odevall
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Eunok Lee
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | | | - Peter Bacchetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco
| | | | | | - Wei Shao
- Leidos Biomedical Research, INC, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
| | | | | | - Nuno R Faria
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Douek
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eli Boritz
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Sarah Palmer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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50
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Cole C, Turnbull C, Eardley W, Hunt P. Force protection in contingency operations: an evaluation of temperature monitoring in Sierra Leone. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2015; 162:176-9. [PMID: 25666054 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2014-000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The deployment of the UK-led Joint Inter-Agency Taskforce to Sierra Leone in September 2014 brought the era of contingency operations into focus. Daily health screening of such deployed personnel forms a key element of medical force protection. We have performed a service evaluation of an existing screening programme and detail the comparison of the two thermometers used in this role. METHODS Data from the existing screening programme were used to inform a sample size required to enable statistically and clinically significant differences to be detected between the two interchangeably used thermometer systems in use. A prospective service evaluation on these devices was then carried out over a 10-day period and the data analysed by parametric tools. 10 personnel had their temperature recorded by both devices at the same time by a single operator every day. RESULTS For the screened population, a mean temperature of 36.55°C and SD of 0.32°C was revealed. Powered to 80% with a two-tailed α of 0.05, the evaluation of the two thermometers revealed no significant difference between recordings taken with either device (p=0.115). The low SD meant that a pyrexial patient (>37.5°C) would require a recording over 3 SD from the population mean. DISCUSSION Evaluations of medical force protection will carry increasing consequence as the UK deploy on short notice operations to regions of considerable endemic threat. Presence of pyrexia is a key early indicator of illness affecting deployed personnel, and two different thermometer types are provided for this function. We have shown for the first time with statistical and clinical significance that the two thermometers used in contingency force protection are interchangeable. The narrow variance is reassuring and confirms that the chosen trigger (>37.5°C) would warrant further investigation in the pyrexial patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - W Eardley
- Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Middlesbrough & Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, James Cook University Hospital, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Hunt
- Academic Department of Military Emergency Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
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