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Bao J, Betzler AC, Hess J, Brunner C. Corrigendum: Exploring the dual role of B cells in solid tumors: implications for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1327795. [PMID: 38054004 PMCID: PMC10694499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233085.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Bao J, Betzler AC, Hess J, Brunner C. Exploring the dual role of B cells in solid tumors: implications for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233085. [PMID: 37868967 PMCID: PMC10586314 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the tumor milieu of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), distinct B cell subpopulations are present, which exert either pro- or anti-tumor activities. Multiple factors, including hypoxia, cytokines, interactions with tumor cells, and other immune infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), alter the equilibrium between the dual roles of B cells leading to cancerogenesis. Certain B cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit immunosuppressive function. These cells are known as regulatory B (Breg) cells. Breg cells suppress immune responses by secreting a series of immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β, granzyme B, and adenosine or dampen effector TILs by intercellular contacts. Multiple Breg phenotypes have been discovered in human and mouse cancer models. However, when compartmentalized within a tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS), B cells predominantly play anti-tumor effects. A mature TLS contains a CD20+ B cell zone with several important types of B cells, including germinal-center like B cells, antibody-secreting plasma cells, and memory B cells. They kill tumor cells via antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, and local complement activation effects. TLSs are also privileged sites for local T and B cell coordination and activation. Nonetheless, in some cases, TLSs may serve as a niche for hidden tumor cells and indicate a bad prognosis. Thus, TIL-B cells exhibit bidirectional immune-modulatory activity and are responsive to a variety of immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the functional distinctions between immunosuppressive Breg cells and immunogenic effector B cells that mature within TLSs with the focus on tumors of HNSCC patients. Additionally, we review contemporary immunotherapies that aim to target TIL-B cells. For the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to complement T-cell-based immunotherapy, a full understanding of either effector B cells or Breg cells is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantong Bao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Ulm, Head & Neck Cancer Center of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Leichtle F, Betzler AC, Eizenberger C, Lesakova K, Ezić J, Drees R, Greve J, Schuler PJ, Laban S, Hoffmann TK, Cordes N, Lavitrano M, Grassilli E, Brunner C. Influence of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Processes and Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Enrichment in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13133. [PMID: 37685940 PMCID: PMC10487612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutively active kinases play a crucial role in carcinogenesis, and their inhibition is a common target for molecular tumor therapy. We recently discovered the expression of two oncogenic isoforms of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), Btk-p80 and BTK-p65. However, the precise role of BTK in HNSCC remains unclear. Analyses of a tissue microarray containing benign and malignant as well as inflammatory tissue samples of the head and neck region revealed the preferential expression of BTK-p80 in malignant tissue, whereas BTK-p65 expression was confirmed in over 80% of analyzed metastatic head and neck tumor cases. Therefore, processes associated with metastasis, like cancer stem cell (CSC) enrichment and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which in turn depend on an appropriate cytokine milieu, were analyzed. Treatment of HNSCC-derived cell lines cultured under 3D conditions with the BTK inhibitor AVL-292 caused reduced sphere formation, which was accompanied by reduced numbers of ALDH1A1+ CSCs as well as biological changes associated with the EMT. Moreover, we observed reduced NF-κB expression as well as altered NF-κB dependent pro-tumorigenic and EMT-associated cytokine release of IL-6, IFNγ, and TNFα when BTK activity was dampened. Therefore, an autocrine regulation of the oncogenic BTK-dependent process in HNSCC can be suggested, with BTK inhibition expected to be an effective treatment option for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Leichtle
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
- Core Facility Immune Monitoring, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carlotta Eizenberger
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Kristina Lesakova
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Robert Drees
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Jens Greve
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany (J.E.); (P.J.S.)
- Core Facility Immune Monitoring, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Betzler AC, Ushmorov A, Brunner C. The transcriptional program during germinal center reaction - a close view at GC B cells, Tfh cells and Tfr cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125503. [PMID: 36817488 PMCID: PMC9936310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction is a key process during an adaptive immune response to T cell specific antigens. GCs are specialized structures within secondary lymphoid organs, in which B cell proliferation, somatic hypermutation and antibody affinity maturation occur. As a result, high affinity antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells are generated. An effective GC response needs interaction between multiple cell types. Besides reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells, particularly B cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells as well as T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are a key player during the GC reaction. Whereas Tfh cells provide help to GC B cells in selection processes, Tfr cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T cells (Tregs), are able to suppress the GC reaction maintaining the balance between immune activation and tolerance. The formation and function of GCs is regulated by a complex network of signals and molecules at multiple levels. In this review, we highlight recent developments in GC biology by focusing on the transcriptional program regulating the GC reaction. This review focuses on the transcriptional co-activator BOB.1/OBF.1, whose important role for GC B, Tfh and Tfr cell differentiation became increasingly clear in recent years. Moreover, we outline how deregulation of the GC transcriptional program can drive lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexey Ushmorov
- Ulm University, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,*Correspondence: Cornelia Brunner,
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Betzler AC, Strobel H, Abou Kors T, Ezić J, Lesakova K, Pscheid R, Azoitei N, Sporleder J, Staufenberg AR, Drees R, Weissinger SE, Greve J, Doescher J, Theodoraki MN, Schuler PJ, Laban S, Kibe T, Kishida M, Kishida S, Idel C, Hoffmann TK, Lavitrano M, Grassilli E, Brunner C. BTK Isoforms p80 and p65 Are Expressed in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) and Involved in Tumor Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15010310. [PMID: 36612306 PMCID: PMC9818583 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe the expression of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines as well as in primary HNSCC samples. BTK is a kinase initially thought to be expressed exclusively in cells of hematopoietic origin. Apart from the 77 kDa BTK isoform expressed in immune cells, particularly in B cells, we identified the 80 kDa and 65 kDa BTK isoforms in HNSCC, recently described as oncogenic. Importantly, we revealed that both isoforms are products of the same mRNA. By investigating the mechanism regulating oncogenic BTK-p80/p65 expression in HNSSC versus healthy or benign tissues, our data suggests that the epigenetic process of methylation might be responsible for the initiation of BTK-p80/p65 expression in HNSCC. Our findings demonstrate that chemical or genetic abrogation of BTK activity leads to inhibition of tumor progression in terms of proliferation and vascularization in vitro and in vivo. These observations were associated with cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis and autophagy. Together, these data indicate BTK-p80 and BTK-p65 as novel HNSCC-associated oncogenes. Owing to the fact that abundant BTK expression is a characteristic feature of primary and metastatic HNSCC, targeting BTK activity appears as a promising therapeutic option for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hannah Strobel
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tsima Abou Kors
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Lesakova
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ronja Pscheid
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johanna Sporleder
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Robert Drees
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jens Greve
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Doescher
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Toshiro Kibe
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Michiko Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Christian Idel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Luebeck, Campus Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89075 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-59714; Fax: +49-731-500-59565
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Betzler AC, Ezić J, Abou Kors T, Hoffmann TK, Wirth T, Brunner C. T Cell Specific BOB.1/OBF.1 Expression Promotes Germinal Center Response and T Helper Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889564. [PMID: 35603192 PMCID: PMC9114770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator BOB.1/OBF.1 is expressed in both B and T cells. The main characteristic of conventional BOB.1/OBF.1 deficient mice is the complete absence of germinal centers (GCs). This defect was mainly attributed to the defective B cell compartment. However, it is unknown whether and how BOB.1/OBF.1 expression in T cells contributes to the GC reaction. To finally clarify this question, we studied the in vivo function of BOB.1/OBF.1 in CD4+ T and follicular T helper (TFH) cell subpopulations by conditional mutagenesis, in the presence of immunocompetent B lymphocytes. BOB.1/OBF.1 deletion in CD4+ T as well as TFH cells resulted in impaired GC formation demonstrating that the impaired GC reaction described for conventional BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice cannot exclusively be traced back to the B cell compartment. Furthermore, we show a requirement of BOB.1/OBF.1 for T helper (TH) cell subsets, particularly for TFH cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tsima Abou Kors
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Brunner C, Betzler AC, Brown JR, Andreotti AH, Grassilli E. Editorial: Targeting Bruton Tyrosine Kinase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:909655. [PMID: 35557950 PMCID: PMC9086161 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.909655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Cornelia Brunner, ; Emanuela Grassilli,
| | - Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amy H. Andreotti
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cornelia Brunner, ; Emanuela Grassilli,
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Betzler AC, Kieser S, Fiedler K, Laban S, Theodoraki MN, Schuler PJ, Wirth T, Tedford K, Fischer KD, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C. Differential Requirement of Vav Proteins for Btk-dependent and –Independent Signaling During B Cell Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:654181. [PMID: 35281114 PMCID: PMC8904969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.654181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Btk and Vav proteins are all components of the signalosome that builds upon B cell receptor (BCR) activation. However, the role of Vav proteins within the signalosome is quite complex and not yet fully understood. Until now, studies of these have focused predominantly on a deficiency of Vav proteins alone or in combination with other Vav protein family members. Since a physical association of Btk with Vav was shown previously, we asked whether these molecules lie in the same or independent signaling pathways. By analyzing Vav1 and Vav3 single knock-out mice and generating double-knock-out animals deficient for either Vav1 or Vav3 and Btk, we observed, in line with previous publications, no severe B cell developmental defects when either Vav1 or Vav3 alone are not expressed. However, a simultaneous deficiency of Btk together with either Vav1 or Vav3 leads to a severe reduction of splenic B cells, which exhibit an immature phenotype. B cell developmental defects of Btk/Vav1-double deficient mice in the periphery were more severe than those observed in Btk-single-deficient animals. Additionally, morphological changes in splenic microarchitecture were observed in double- but also in single-knock-out mutants. These observations were accompanied by reduced BCR-induced Ca2+ mobilization, proliferation, germinal center formation and immunoglobulin secretion. Although deletion of Btk alone impaired Ca2+ mobilization upon BCR activation, the defect was even more severe when Vav1 or Vav3 were also mutated, indicating that Btk and the Vav proteins act in separate pathways that converge on Ca2+ signaling. In vitro ASC differentiation suggests that both B and T cells contribute to the observed phenotype of a Btk/Vav-double deficiency. Our results show that Vav proteins and Btk are both components of the BCR-activated signalosome but control separate signaling pathways important for B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kieser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Fiedler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick J. Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerry Tedford
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas K. Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Cornelia Brunner,
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9
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Betzler AC, Fiedler K, Hoffmann TK, Fehling HJ, Wirth T, Brunner C. BOB.1/OBF.1 is required during B-cell ontogeny for B-cell differentiation and germinal center function. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:404-417. [PMID: 34918350 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BOB.1/OBF.1 is a lymphocyte-specific transcriptional co-activator of octamer-dependent transcription. It regulates the expression of genes important for lymphocyte physiology together with the Oct-1 and Oct-2 transcription factors. So far, BOB.1/OBF.1 has been studied in conventional knockout mice, whereby a function of BOB.1/OBF.1 in B but also in T cells was described. The main characteristic of BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice is the complete absence of germinal centers. However, it is entirely unsolved at which stage of B-cell development BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is essential for germinal center formation. Still, it is not known whether defects observed late in B-cell development of BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice are merely a consequence of defective early B-cell development. To answer the question, whether BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is required before or during the process of germinal center formation, we established a mouse system, which allows the conditional deletion of BOB.1/OBF.1 at different stages of B-cell development. Our data reveal a requirement for BOB.1/OBF.1 during both early antigen-independent and late antigen-dependent B-cell development, and further a requirement for efficient germinal center reaction during complete B-cell ontogeny. By specifically deleting BOB.1/OBF.1 in germinal center B cells, we provide evidence that the failure to form germinal centers is a germinal center B-cell intrinsic defect and not exclusively a consequence of defective early B-cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Fiedler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Wirth
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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10
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Betzler AC, Fiedler K, Kokai E, Wirth T, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C. Impaired Peyer's patch development in BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1860-1863. [PMID: 33733501 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BOB.1/OBF.1 expression regulates the transcription of direct and indirect target genes. We propose that BOB.1/OBF.1 affects CXCL13-CXCR5 signaling of LTinducer and LTorganizer cells during embryonic Peyer's patch organogenesis as well as of B cells and follicular dendritic cells during lymphocyte homing at postnatal stages of secondary lymphoid organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Fiedler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enikö Kokai
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Betzler AC, Theodoraki MN, Schuler PJ, Döscher J, Laban S, Hoffmann TK, Brunner C. NF-κB and Its Role in Checkpoint Control. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113949. [PMID: 32486375 PMCID: PMC7312739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) has been described as one of the most important molecules linking inflammation to cancer. More recently, it has become clear that NF-κB is also involved in the regulation of immune checkpoint expression. Therapeutic approaches targeting immune checkpoint molecules, enabling the immune system to initiate immune responses against tumor cells, constitute a key breakthrough in cancer treatment. This review discusses recent evidence for an association of NF-κB and immune checkpoint expression and examines the therapeutic potential of inhibitors targeting either NF-κB directly or molecules involved in NF-κB regulation in combination with immune checkpoint blockade.
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