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Abstract
Mass cytometry has revolutionized immunophenotyping, particularly in exploratory settings where simultaneous breadth and depth of characterization of immune populations is needed with limited samples such as in preclinical and clinical tumor immunotherapy. Mass cytometry is also a powerful tool for single-cell immunological assays, especially for complex and simultaneous characterization of diverse intratumoral immune subsets or immunotherapeutic cell populations. Through the elimination of spectral overlap seen in optical flow cytometry by replacement of fluorescent labels with metal isotopes, mass cytometry allows, on average, robust analysis of 60 individual parameters simultaneously. This is, however, associated with significantly increased complexity in the design, execution, and interpretation of mass cytometry experiments. To address the key pitfalls associated with the fragmentation, complexity, and analysis of data in mass cytometry for immunologists who are novices to these techniques, we have developed a comprehensive resource guide. Included in this review are experiment and panel design, antibody conjugations, sample staining, sample acquisition, and data pre-processing and analysis. Where feasible multiple resources for the same process are compared, allowing researchers experienced in flow cytometry but with minimal mass cytometry expertise to develop a data-driven and streamlined project workflow. It is our hope that this manuscript will prove a useful resource for both beginning and advanced users of mass cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anouk A. J. Hamers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Anouk A. J. Hamers, ; Asha B. Pillai,
| | - Asha B. Pillai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sheila and David Fuente Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Anouk A. J. Hamers, ; Asha B. Pillai,
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2
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Hamers AAJ, Dinh HQ, Thomas GD, Marcovecchio P, Blatchley A, Nakao CS, Kim C, McSkimming C, Taylor AM, Nguyen AT, McNamara CA, Hedrick CC. Human Monocyte Heterogeneity as Revealed by High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:25-36. [PMID: 30580568 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Three distinct human monocyte subsets have been identified based on the surface marker expression of CD14 and CD16. We hypothesized that monocytes were likely more heterogeneous in composition. Approach and Results- We used the high dimensionality of mass cytometry together with the FlowSOM clustering algorithm to accurately identify and define monocyte subsets in blood of healthy human subjects and those with coronary artery disease (CAD). To study the behavior and functionality of the newly defined monocyte subsets, we performed RNA sequencing, transwell migration, and efferocytosis assays. Here, we identify 8 human monocyte subsets based on their surface marker phenotype. We found that 3 of these subsets fall within the CD16+ nonclassical monocyte population and 4 subsets belong to the CD14+ classical monocytes, illustrating significant monocyte heterogeneity in humans. As nonclassical monocytes are important in modulating atherosclerosis in mice, we studied the functions of our 3 newly identified nonclassical monocytes in subjects with CAD. We found a marked expansion of a Slan+CXCR6+ nonclassical monocyte subset in CAD subjects, which was positively correlated with CAD severity. This nonclassical subset can migrate towards CXCL16 and shows an increased efferocytosis capacity, indicating it may play an atheroprotective role. Conclusions- Our data demonstrate that human nonclassical monocytes are a heterogeneous population, existing of several subsets with functional differences. These subsets have changed frequencies in the setting of severe CAD. Understanding how these newly identified subsets modulate CAD will be important for CAD-based therapies that target myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A J Hamers
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (A.A.J.H., H.Q.D., G.D.T., P.M., A.B., C.S.N., C.C.H.)
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (A.A.J.H., H.Q.D., G.D.T., P.M., A.B., C.S.N., C.C.H.)
| | - Graham D Thomas
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (A.A.J.H., H.Q.D., G.D.T., P.M., A.B., C.S.N., C.C.H.)
| | - Paola Marcovecchio
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (A.A.J.H., H.Q.D., G.D.T., P.M., A.B., C.S.N., C.C.H.)
| | - Amy Blatchley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (A.A.J.H., H.Q.D., G.D.T., P.M., A.B., C.S.N., C.C.H.)
| | - Catherine S Nakao
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (A.A.J.H., H.Q.D., G.D.T., P.M., A.B., C.S.N., C.C.H.)
| | - Cheryl Kim
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (C.K.)
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (C.M., A.M.T., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Angela M Taylor
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (C.M., A.M.T., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Anh T Nguyen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (C.M., A.M.T., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center and Division of Cardiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (C.M., A.M.T., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (A.A.J.H., H.Q.D., G.D.T., P.M., A.B., C.S.N., C.C.H.)
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3
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Abstract
The intestine is the home to the largest number of immune cells in the body. The small and large intestinal immune systems police exposure to exogenous antigens and modulate responses to potent microbially derived immune stimuli. For this reason, the intestine is a major target site of immune dysregulation and inflammation in many diseases including but, not limited to inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and many allergic and infectious conditions. Murine models of gastrointestinal inflammation and colitis are heavily used to study GI complications and to pre-clinically optimize strategies for prevention and treatment. Data gleaned from these models via isolation and phenotypic analysis of immune cells from the intestine is critical to further immune understanding that can be applied to ameliorate gastrointestinal and systemic inflammatory disorders. This report describes a highly effective protocol for the isolation of mononuclear cells (MNC) from the colon using a mixed silica-based density gradient interface. This method reproducibly isolates a significant number of viable leukocytes while minimizing contaminating debris, allowing subsequent immune phenotyping by flow cytometry or other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duneia McManus
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Horacio J Novaira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Asha B Pillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine;
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4
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Abstract
The success of tissue transplantation from a healthy donor to a diseased individual (allo-transplantation) is regulated by the immune systems of both donor and recipient. Developing a state of specific non-reactivity between donor and recipient, while maintaining the salutary effects of immune function in the recipient, is called “immune (transplantation) tolerance”. In the classic early post-transplant period, minimizing bidirectional donor ←→ recipient reactivity requires the administration of immunosuppressive drugs, which have deleterious side effects (severe immunodeficiency, opportunistic infections, and neoplasia, in addition to drug-specific reactions and organ toxicities). Inducing immune tolerance directly through donor and recipient immune cells, particularly via subsets of immune regulatory cells, has helped to significantly reduce side effects associated with multiple immunosuppressive drugs after allo-transplantation. The innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are both implicated in inducing immune tolerance. In the present article, we will review innate immune subset manipulations and their potential applications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to cure malignant and non-malignant hematological disorders by inducing long-lasting donor ←→ recipient (bidirectional) immune tolerance and reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). These innate immunotherapeutic strategies to promote long-term immune allo-transplant tolerance include myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory macrophages, tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs), Natural Killer (NK) cells, invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells, gamma delta T (γδ-T) cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Asha B Pillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology / Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Batchelor Children's Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Holtz Children's Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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5
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Abstract
Glycolytic metabolism functions as a backup mechanism for M2 macrophage polarization when oxidative phosphorylation is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. Holtz Children's Hospital, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Asha B Pillai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA. Holtz Children's Hospital, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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6
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Koenis DS, Medzikovic L, Vos M, Beldman TJ, van Loenen PB, van Tiel CM, Hamers AAJ, Otermin Rubio I, de Waard V, de Vries CJM. Nur77 variants solely comprising the amino-terminal domain activate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and affect bone marrow homeostasis in mice and humans. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:15070-15083. [PMID: 30111591 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene targeting via homologous recombination can occasionally result in incomplete disruption of the targeted gene. Here, we show that a widely used Nur77-deficient transgenic mouse model expresses a truncated protein encoding for part of the N-terminal domain of nuclear receptor Nur77. This truncated Nur77 protein is absent in a newly developed Nur77-deficient mouse strain generated using Cre-Lox recombination. Comparison of these two mouse strains using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and colony-forming assays shows that homologous recombination-derived Nur77-deficient mice, but not WT or Cre-Lox-derived Nur77-deficient mice, suffer from liver immune cell infiltrates, loss of splenic architecture, and increased numbers of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and splenic colony-forming cells with age. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the truncated Nur77 N-terminal domain protein maintains the stability and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, a transcription factor known to regulate bone marrow homeostasis. Additionally, a previously discovered, but uncharacterized, human Nur77 transcript variant that encodes solely for its N-terminal domain, designated TR3β, can also stabilize and activate HIF-1α. Meta-analysis of publicly available microarray data sets shows that TR3β is highly expressed in human bone marrow cells and acute myeloid leukemia samples. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that a transgenic mouse model commonly used to study the biological function of Nur77 has several major drawbacks, while simultaneously identifying the importance of nongenomic Nur77 activity in the regulation of bone marrow homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duco S Koenis
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lejla Medzikovic
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J Beldman
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter B van Loenen
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk A J Hamers
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iker Otermin Rubio
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Academic Medical Center, K1-113, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Winkels H, Ehinger E, Vassallo M, Buscher K, Dinh HQ, Kobiyama K, Hamers AAJ, Cochain C, Vafadarnejad E, Saliba AE, Zernecke A, Pramod AB, Ghosh AK, Anto Michel N, Hoppe N, Hilgendorf I, Zirlik A, Hedrick CC, Ley K, Wolf D. Atlas of the Immune Cell Repertoire in Mouse Atherosclerosis Defined by Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing and Mass Cytometry. Circ Res 2018; 122:1675-1688. [PMID: 29545366 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is driven by the interplay of pro- and anti-inflammatory leukocytes in the aorta. Yet, the phenotypic and transcriptional diversity of aortic leukocytes is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE We characterized leukocytes from healthy and atherosclerotic mouse aortas in-depth by single-cell RNA-sequencing and mass cytometry (cytometry by time of flight) to define an atlas of the immune cell landscape in atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Using single-cell RNA-sequencing of aortic leukocytes from chow diet- and Western diet-fed Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice, we detected 11 principal leukocyte clusters with distinct phenotypic and spatial characteristics while the cellular repertoire in healthy aortas was less diverse. Gene set enrichment analysis on the single-cell level established that multiple pathways, such as for lipid metabolism, proliferation, and cytokine secretion, were confined to particular leukocyte clusters. Leukocyte populations were differentially regulated in atherosclerotic Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice. We confirmed the phenotypic diversity of these clusters with a novel mass cytometry 35-marker panel with metal-labeled antibodies and conventional flow cytometry. Cell populations retrieved by these protein-based approaches were highly correlated to transcriptionally defined clusters. In an integrated screening strategy of single-cell RNA-sequencing, mass cytometry, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we detected 3 principal B-cell subsets with alterations in surface markers, functional pathways, and in vitro cytokine secretion. Leukocyte cluster gene signatures revealed leukocyte frequencies in 126 human plaques by a genetic deconvolution strategy. This approach revealed that human carotid plaques and microdissected mouse plaques were mostly populated by macrophages, T-cells, and monocytes. In addition, the frequency of genetically defined leukocyte populations in carotid plaques predicted cardiovascular events in patients. CONCLUSIONS The definition of leukocyte diversity by high-dimensional analyses enables a fine-grained analysis of aortic leukocyte subsets, reveals new immunologic mechanisms and cell-type-specific pathways, and establishes a functional relevance for lesional leukocytes in human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Winkels
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Erik Ehinger
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Melanie Vassallo
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Konrad Buscher
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Anouk A J Hamers
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Clément Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (C.C., A.Z.)
| | - Ehsan Vafadarnejad
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany (E.V., A.-E.S.)
| | | | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (C.C., A.Z.)
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Amlan K Ghosh
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Nathaly Anto Michel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.).,the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.)
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.).,the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.)
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.).,the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.)
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.).,the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.)
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.)
| | - Klaus Ley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.).,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego (K.L.)
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (C.C., A.Z.) .,From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (H.W., E.E., M.V., K.B., H.Q.D., K.K., A.A.J.H., A.B.P., A.K.G., C.C.H., K.L., D.W.).,Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.).,the Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany (N.A.M., N.H., I.H., A.Z., D.W.)
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8
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Thomas GD, Hamers AAJ, Nakao C, Marcovecchio P, Taylor AM, McSkimming C, Nguyen AT, McNamara CA, Hedrick CC. Human Blood Monocyte Subsets: A New Gating Strategy Defined Using Cell Surface Markers Identified by Mass Cytometry. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1548-1558. [PMID: 28596372 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human monocyte subsets are defined as classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), and nonclassical (CD14+CD16+). Alterations in monocyte subset frequencies are associated with clinical outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, in which circulating intermediate monocytes independently predict cardiovascular events. However, delineating mechanisms of monocyte function is hampered by inconsistent results among studies. APPROACH AND RESULTS We use cytometry by time-of-flight mass cytometry to profile human monocytes using a panel of 36 cell surface markers. Using the dimensionality reduction approach visual interactive stochastic neighbor embedding (viSNE), we define monocytes by incorporating all cell surface markers simultaneously. Using viSNE, we find that although classical monocytes are defined with high purity using CD14 and CD16, intermediate and nonclassical monocytes defined using CD14 and CD16 alone are frequently contaminated, with average intermediate and nonclassical monocyte purity of ≈86.0% and 87.2%, respectively. To improve the monocyte purity, we devised a new gating scheme that takes advantage of the shared coexpression of cell surface markers on each subset. In addition to CD14 and CD16, CCR2, CD36, HLA-DR, and CD11c are the most informative markers that discriminate among the 3 monocyte populations. Using these additional markers as filters, our revised gating scheme increases the purity of both intermediate and nonclassical monocyte subsets to 98.8% and 99.1%, respectively. We demonstrate the use of this new gating scheme using conventional flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Using cytometry by time-of-flight mass cytometry, we have identified a small panel of surface markers that can significantly improve monocyte subset identification and purity in flow cytometry. Such a revised gating scheme will be useful for clinical studies of monocyte function in human cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham D Thomas
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.).
| | - Anouk A J Hamers
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Catherine Nakao
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Paola Marcovecchio
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Angela M Taylor
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Anh Tram Nguyen
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.)
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA (G.D.T., A.A.J.H., C.N., P.M., C.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.M.T., C.M., A.T.N., C.A.M.).
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9
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Bernelot Moens SJ, van Leuven SI, Zheng KH, Havik SR, Versloot MV, van Duivenvoorde LM, Hahne M, Stroes ESG, Baeten DL, Hamers AAJ. Impact of the B Cell Growth Factor APRIL on the Qualitative and Immunological Characteristics of Atherosclerotic Plaques. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164690. [PMID: 27820817 PMCID: PMC5098816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the role of B lymphocytes in atherosclerosis development, have yielded contradictory results. Whereas B lymphocyte-deficiency aggravates atherosclerosis in mice; depletion of mature B lymphocytes reduces atherosclerosis. These observations led to the notion that distinct B lymphocyte subsets have different roles. B1a lymphocytes exert an atheroprotective effect, which has been attributed to secretion of IgM, which can be deposited in atherosclerotic lesions thereby reducing necrotic core formation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family member 'A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand' (APRIL, also known as TNFSF13) was previously shown to increase serum IgM levels in a murine model. In this study, we investigated the effect of APRIL overexpression on advanced lesion formation and composition, IgM production and B cell phenotype. We crossed APRIL transgenic (APRIL-Tg) mice with ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. After a 12-week Western Type Diet, ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice and ApoE-/- littermates showed similar increases in body weight and lipid levels. Histologic evaluation showed no differences in lesion size, stage or necrotic area. However, smooth muscle cell (α-actin stain) content was increased in ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice, implying more stable lesions. In addition, increases in both plaque IgM deposition and plasma IgM levels were found in ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice compared with ApoE-/- mice. Flow cytometry revealed a concomitant increase in peritoneal B1a lymphocytes in ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice. This study shows that ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice have increased oxLDL-specific serum IgM levels, potentially mediated via an increase in B1a lymphocytes. Although no differences in lesion size were found, transgenic ApoE-/-APRIL-Tg mice do show potential plaque stabilizing features in advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sander I. van Leuven
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kang H. Zheng
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan R. Havik
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda V. Versloot
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie M. van Duivenvoorde
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hahne
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Erik S. G. Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique L. Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk A. J. Hamers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Alaarg A, Zheng KH, van der Valk FM, da Silva AE, Versloot M, van Ufford LCQ, Schulte DM, Storm G, Metselaar JM, Stroes ESG, Hamers AAJ. Multiple pathway assessment to predict anti-atherogenic efficacy of drugs targeting macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 82:51-9. [PMID: 27189780 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play a central role in atherosclerosis development and progression, hence, targeting macrophage activity is considered an attractive therapeutic. Recently, we documented nanomedicinal delivery of the anti-inflammatory compound prednisolone to atherosclerotic plaque macrophages in patients, which did however not translate into therapeutic efficacy. This unanticipated finding calls for in-depth screening of drugs intended for targeting plaque macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the effect of several candidate drugs on macrophage activity, rating overall performance with respect to changes in cytokine release, oxidative stress, lipid handling, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and proliferation of macrophages. Using this in vitro approach, we observed that the anti-inflammatory effect of prednisolone was counterbalanced by multiple adverse effects on other key pathways. Conversely, pterostilbene, T0901317 and simvastatin had an overall anti-atherogenic effect on multiple pathways, suggesting their potential for liposomal delivery. CONCLUSION This dedicated assay setup provides a framework for high-throughput assessment. Further in vivo studies are warranted to determine the predictive value of this macrophage-based screening approach and its potential value in nanomedicinal drug development for cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Alaarg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics section, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Kang He Zheng
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Fleur M van der Valk
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Acarilia Eduardo da Silva
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics section, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Miranda Versloot
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Linda C Quarles van Ufford
- Medicinal Chemistry & Chemical Biology - Biomolecular Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominik M Schulte
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, The Netherlands; Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics section, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Targeted Therapeutics section, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH-Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Hamers AAJ, Argmann C, Moerland PD, Koenis DS, Marinković G, Sokolović M, de Vos AF, de Vries CJM, van Tiel CM. Nur77-deficiency in bone marrow-derived macrophages modulates inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix homeostasis, phagocytosis and tolerance. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:162. [PMID: 26932821 PMCID: PMC4774191 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The nuclear orphan receptor Nur77 (NR4A1, TR3, or NGFI-B) has been shown to modulate the inflammatory response of macrophages. To further elucidate the role of Nur77 in macrophage physiology, we compared the transcriptome of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from wild-type (WT) and Nur77-knockout (KO) mice. Results In line with previous observations, SDF-1α (CXCL12) was among the most upregulated genes in Nur77-deficient BMM and we demonstrated that Nur77 binds directly to the SDF-1α promoter, resulting in inhibition of SDF-1α expression. The cytokine receptor CX3CR1 was strongly downregulated in Nur77-KO BMM, implying involvement of Nur77 in macrophage tolerance. Ingenuity pathway analyses (IPA) to identify canonical pathways regulation and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) revealed a potential role for Nur77 in extracellular matrix homeostasis. Nur77-deficiency increased the collagen content of macrophage extracellular matrix through enhanced expression of several collagen subtypes and diminished matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity. IPA upstream regulator analyses discerned the small GTPase Rac1 as a novel regulator of Nur77-mediated gene expression. We identified an inhibitory feedback loop with increased Rac1 activity in Nur77-KO BMM, which may explain the augmented phagocytic activity of these cells. Finally, we predict multiple chronic inflammatory diseases to be influenced by macrophage Nur77 expression. GSEA and IPA associated Nur77 to osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and allergic airway inflammatory diseases. Conclusions Altogether these data identify Nur77 as a modulator of macrophage function and an interesting target to treat chronic inflammatory disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2469-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Present address: Department of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, USA.
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Present address: Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA.
| | - Perry D Moerland
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Duco S Koenis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Goran Marinković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Milka Sokolović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Present address: European Food Information Council, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carlie J M de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Claudia M van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Boshuizen MCS, Hoeksema MA, Neele AE, van der Velden S, Hamers AAJ, Van den Bossche J, Lutgens E, de Winther MPJ. Interferon-β promotes macrophage foam cell formation by altering both cholesterol influx and efflux mechanisms. Cytokine 2015; 77:220-6. [PMID: 26427927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Foam cell formation is a crucial event in atherogenesis. While interferon-β (IFNβ) is known to promote atherosclerosis in mice, studies on the role of IFNβ on foam cell formation are minimal and conflicting. We therefore extended these studies using both in vitro and in vivo approaches and examined IFNβ's function in macrophage foam cell formation. To do so, murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and human monocyte-derived macrophages were loaded with acLDL overnight, followed by 6h IFNβ co-treatment. This increased lipid content as measured by Oil red O staining. We next analyzed the lipid uptake pathways of IFNβ-stimulated BMDMs and observed increased endocytosis of DiI-acLDL as compared to controls. These effects were mediated via SR-A, as its gene expression was increased and inhibition of SR-A with Poly(I) blocked the IFNβ-induced increase in Oil red O staining and DiI-acLDL endocytosis. The IFNβ-induced increase in lipid content was also associated with decreased ApoA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, in response to decreased ABCA1 protein and gene expression. To validate our findings in vivo, LDLR(-/-) mice were put on chow or a high cholesterol diet for 10weeks. 24 and 8h before sacrifice mice were injected with IFNβ or PBS, after which thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages were collected and analyzed. In accordance with the in vitro data, IFNβ increased lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our experimental data support the pro-atherogenic role of IFNβ, as we show that IFNβ promotes macrophage foam cell formation by increasing SR-A-mediated cholesterol influx and decreasing ABCA1-mediated efflux mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke C S Boshuizen
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk A J Hamers
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Hamers AAJ, van Dam L, Teixeira Duarte JM, Vos M, Marinković G, van Tiel CM, Meijer SL, van Stalborch AM, Huveneers S, te Velde AA, de Jonge WJ, de Vries CJM. Deficiency of Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Aggravates Mouse Experimental Colitis by Increased NFκB Activity in Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133598. [PMID: 26241646 PMCID: PMC4524678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor Nur77, also referred to as NR4A1 or TR3, plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Nur77 is crucial in regulating the T helper 1/regulatory T-cell balance, is expressed in macrophages and drives M2 macrophage polarization. In this study we aimed to define the function of Nur77 in inflammatory bowel disease. In wild-type and Nur77-/- mice, colitis development was studied in dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced models. To understand the underlying mechanism, Nur77 was overexpressed in macrophages and gut epithelial cells. Nur77 protein is expressed in colon tissues from Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis patients and colons from colitic mice in inflammatory cells and epithelium. In both mouse colitis models inflammation was increased in Nur77-/- mice. A higher neutrophil influx and enhanced IL-6, MCP-1 and KC production was observed in Nur77-deficient colons after DSS-treatment. TNBS-induced influx of T-cells and inflammatory monocytes into the colon was higher in Nur77-/- mice, along with increased expression of MCP-1, TNFα and IL-6, and decreased Foxp3 RNA expression, compared to wild-type mice. Overexpression of Nur77 in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW macrophages resulted in up-regulated IL-10 and downregulated TNFα, MIF-1 and MCP-1 mRNA expression through NFκB repression. Nur77 also strongly decreased expression of MCP-1, CXCL1, IL-8, MIP-1α and TNFα in gut epithelial Caco-2 cells. Nur77 overexpression suppresses the inflammatory status of both macrophages and gut epithelial cells and together with the in vivo mouse data this supports that Nur77 has a protective function in experimental colitis. These findings may have implications for development of novel targeted treatment strategies regarding inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Colitis/chemically induced
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/metabolism
- Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Crohn Disease/metabolism
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Dextran Sulfate/toxicity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/deficiency
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/immunology
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A. J. Hamers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Dam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José M. Teixeira Duarte
- Tytgat Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Goran Marinković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M. van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marieke van Stalborch
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anje A. te Velde
- Tytgat Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J. M. de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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14
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van der Vorst EPC, Jeurissen M, Wolfs IMJ, Keijbeck A, Theodorou K, Wijnands E, Schurgers L, Weber S, Gijbels MJ, Hamers AAJ, Dreymueller D, Rose-John S, de Winther MPJ, Ludwig A, Saftig P, Biessen EAL, Donners MMPC. Myeloid A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 deficiency modulates atherosclerotic plaque composition by shifting the balance from inflammation toward fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:1145-55. [PMID: 25659879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) is a metalloprotease involved in cleavage of various cell surface molecules, such as adhesion molecules, chemokines, and growth factor receptors. Although we have previously shown an association of ADAM10 expression with atherosclerotic plaque progression, a causal role of ADAM10 in atherosclerosis has not been investigated. Bone marrow from conditional knockout mice lacking Adam10 in the myeloid lineage or from littermate controls was transplanted into lethally irradiated low density lipoprotein receptor Ldlr(-/-) mice on an atherogenic diet. Myeloid Adam10 deficiency did not affect plaque size, but it increased plaque collagen content. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 expression and matrix metalloproteinase 2 gelatinase activity were significantly impaired in Adam10-deficient macrophages, whereas their capacity to stimulate collagen production was unchanged. Furthermore, relative macrophage content in advanced atherosclerotic lesions was decreased. In vitro, Adam10-deficient macrophages showed reduced migration toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and transmigration through collagen. In addition, Adam10-deficient macrophages displayed increased anti-inflammatory phenotype with elevated IL-10, and reduced production of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-12, and nitric oxide in response to lipopolysaccharide. These data suggest a critical role of Adam10 for leukocyte recruitment, inflammatory mediator production, and extracellular matrix degradation. Thereby, myeloid ADAM10 may play a causal role in modulating atherosclerotic plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mike Jeurissen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ine M J Wolfs
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Keijbeck
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kosta Theodorou
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wijnands
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvio Weber
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany; Heart Research Centre Göttingen, and the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marion J Gijbels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Dreymueller
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute for Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjo M P C Donners
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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15
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Kurakula K, Hamers AAJ, de Waard V, de Vries CJM. Nuclear Receptors in atherosclerosis: a superfamily with many 'Goodfellas'. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 368:71-84. [PMID: 22664910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Receptors form a superfamily of 48 transcription factors that exhibit a plethora of functions in steroid hormone signaling, regulation of metabolism, circadian rhythm and cellular differentiation. In this review, we describe our current knowledge on the role of Nuclear Receptors in atherosclerosis, which is a multifactorial disease of the vessel wall. Various cell types are involved in this chronic inflammatory pathology in which multiple cellular processes and numerous genes are dysregulated. Systemic risk factors for atherosclerosis are among others adverse blood lipid profiles, enhanced circulating cytokine levels, as well as increased blood pressure. Since many Nuclear Receptors modulate lipid profiles or regulate blood pressure they indirectly affect atherosclerosis. In the present review, we focus on the functional involvement of Nuclear Receptors within the atherosclerotic vessel wall, more specifically on their modulation of cellular functions in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Collectively, this overview shows that most of the Nuclear Receptors are athero-protective in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kondababu Kurakula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Hamers AAJ, Vos M, Rassam F, Marinković G, Marincovic G, Kurakula K, van Gorp PJ, de Winther MPJ, Gijbels MJJ, de Waard V, de Vries CJM. Bone marrow-specific deficiency of nuclear receptor Nur77 enhances atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2011; 110:428-38. [PMID: 22194623 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.260760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nuclear receptor Nur77, also known as NR4A1, TR3, or NGFI-B, is expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions in macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells and smooth muscle cells. Macrophages play a critical role in atherosclerosis and the function of Nur77 in lesion macrophages has not yet been investigated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to delineate the function of Nur77 in macrophages and to assess the effect of bone marrow-specific deficiency of Nur77 on atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated Nur77 in macrophage polarization using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from wild-type and Nur77-knockout (Nur77(-/-)) mice. Nur77(-/-) BMM exhibit changed expression of M2-specific markers and an inflammatory M1-phenotype with enhanced expression of interleukin-12, IFNγ, and SDF-1α and increased NO synthesis in (non)-stimulated Nur77(-/-) BMM cells. SDF-1α expression in nonstimulated Nur77(-/-) BMM is repressed by Nur77 and the chemoattractive activity of Nur77(-/-) BMM is abolished by SDF-1α inhibiting antibodies. Furthermore, Nur77(-/-) mice show enhanced thioglycollate-elicited migration of macrophages and B cells. The effect of bone marrow-specific deficiency of Nur77 on atherosclerosis was studied in low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr(-/-)) mice. Ldlr(-/-) mice with a Nur77(-/-)-deficient bone marrow transplant developed 2.1-fold larger atherosclerotic lesions than wild-type bone marrow-transplanted mice. These lesions contain more macrophages, T cells, smooth muscle cells and larger necrotic cores. SDF-1α expression is higher in lesions of Nur77(-/-)-transplanted mice, which may explain the observed aggravation of lesion formation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, in bone marrow-derived cells the nuclear receptor Nur77 has an anti-inflammatory function, represses SDF-1α expression and inhibits atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A J Hamers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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