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Comparisons of clinical subtypes, symptom severity, global functioning, emotional and behavior problems, and CPT test profiles in children and adolescents with ADHD with and without co-occurring internet gaming disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:247-254. [PMID: 38319235 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2311705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess whether the presence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is associated with disease severity, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) presentation, emotional problems, behavioral problems, and CPT profile in patients with ADHD. METHOD Forty children with IGD and sixty-four patients without IGD were included in the study, all of whom had a diagnosis of ADHD. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were determined using The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS). Conners's Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS), The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire (IGD-20), and MOXO Continuous Performance Test (MOXO d-CPT) were performed on the children, and Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS), comorbidities and ADHD presentations were evaluated. RESULTS The IGD group was found to have the combined presentation of ADHD more commonly, and their CGI, CGAS, SDQ behavior problems subscale, cognitive problems, attention problems, and ADHD index in the CPRS-RS questionnaire were found to be higher (p < 0.05). No differences were found in attention, timing, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity scores in CPT between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study has shown that children with both ADHD and IGD had more severe symptoms, more behavioral problems, and differences regarding the prevalence of the ADHD presentations when compared to children having ADHD without IGD. Longitudinal studies with higher sample sizes are required to investigate this possible connection in the context of a cause-effect relationship and draw a conclusion.
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The detect consensus report on Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and its management among Turkish children and adolescents (Detect: consensus report on ADHD among Turkish youth). Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1372341. [PMID: 38577402 PMCID: PMC10993048 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1372341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and heritable neurodevelopmental disorders which may last through the life-span. A consensus report on diagnosis and management of ADHD among Turkish youth was prepared previously. However, the participants as well as the management options were rather limited and developments in the past decade necessitated a revision and update of the consensus. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the consensus among Child and Adolescent Psychiatrists from Türkiye on the nature and management of pediatric ADHD. For those aims, the etiology of ADHD, diagnostic and evaluation process, epidemiology, developmental presentations, differential diagnoses and comorbidities, course/outcome and pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological management options were reviewed and suggestions for clinical practice are presented. Since ADHD is a chronic disorder with wide-ranging effects on functionality that is frequently accompanied by other mental disorders, a multidimensional therapeutic approach is recommended. However, since the disorder has neurobiological basis, pharmacotherapy represents the mainstay of treatment. Additional therapies may include psychosocial therapy, behavioral therapy, school-based therapeutic approaches, and family education. This review provides recommendations for ADHD at the national and global levels. It contains information about ADHD that will contribute to and facilitate clinicians' decision-making processes. It is advisable to consider this guideline in clinical practice.
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Emotion dysregulation and social communication problems but not ToM properties may predict obsessive-compulsive disorder symptom severity. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:778-787. [PMID: 37665655 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2251953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have shown that theory of mind, emotion regulation and pragmatic abilities are negatively affected in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We aimed to investigate theory of mind (ToM) abilities, social responsiveness, pragmatic language, and emotion regulation skills in children with OCD and to compare them to healthy controls. METHODS This study was designed as a single-center, cross-sectional, case-control study. ToM abilities were evaluated via "Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test" (RMET), "Faces Test", "Faux-Pas Test", "Comprehension Test" and "Unexpected Outcomes Test". Social responsiveness, pragmatic language and emotion regulation were evaluated by Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Children's Communication Checklist- Second Edition (CCC-2), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Within the study period, we enrolled 85 adolescents (42 with OCD and 43 controls). RESULTS The OCD group performed significantly lower than healthy controls in the Faux Pass and Comprehension tests (p = 0.003 for both). We found a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of the goal, strategy, non-acceptance subscales of the DERS (p < 0.001, p = 0.006, p = 0.008, respectively) as well as the total DERS score (p < 0.001). CY-BOCS total scores correlated significantly and negatively with Comprehension, Faux Pas and Unexpected Outcomes tests, and positively with CCC total, SRS total and DERS total scores. In regression analysis the DERS, SRS and CCC tests emerged as significant predictors of CY-BOCS total score. CONCLUSION Addressing ToM, pragmatic, and ER difficulties when planning the treatment of young people with OCD may contribute to positive outcomes.
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Parent rated bedtime resistance and comorbidity may predict levels of attention among Turkish children diagnosed with ADHD in on-line education classes during the COVID-19 outbreak. North Clin Istanb 2023; 10:197-204. [PMID: 37181063 PMCID: PMC10170383 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2022.77674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the attention levels, of Turkish children and adolescents with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in on-line education classes with healthy controls. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional, internet-based, case-control study that recruited 6-18 years old patients diagnosed with ADHD and receving treatment and healthy controls from eight centers. The measurements used in the study were prepared in the google survey and delivered to the participants via Whatsapp application. RESULTS Within the study period, 510 children with ADHD and 893 controls were enrolled. Parent- rated attention decreased significantly in both groups during on-line education classes due to COVID-19 outbreak (p<0.001; for each). Children and adolescents with ADHD had significantly elevated bedtime resistance, problems in family functioning difficulties than control children according to parental reports (p=0.003; p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively). Furthermore, bedtime resistance and comorbidity significantly predicted attention levels in on-line education. CONCLUSION Our findings may underline the need to augment student engagement in on-line education both for children without attention problems and those with ADHD. Interventions shown to be effective in the management of sleep difficulties in children as well as parent management interventions should continue during on-line education.
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Association between thyroid autoimmunity and antidepressant treatment-emergent mania in pediatric mood disorders. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114676. [PMID: 35709636 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors associated with antidepressant treatment-emergent mania(ATEM) are poorly characterized in child and adolescent populations. To identify better biomarkers, we aimed to explore whether thyroid autoimmunity is associated with ATEM in pediatric mood disorders. We enrolled two groups of pediatric mood disorders, those with ATEM+ (n = 29) and those with ATEM- controls (n = 31). All diagnoses were made according to structured interviews by the clinicians. Autoimmune thyroiditis (anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies [TPO-abs] and thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH] and free thyroxin [FT4]) were assessed. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between TPO-abs seroprevalence and ATEM+ while controlling for covariates. Group comparisons showed that the patient with ATEM+ had significantly higher seroprevalence and titer of TPO-abs compared to ATEM- controls. In logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, gender, Tanner stage, body mass index, antipsychotic treatments, smoking status and family history of thyroid disorder, the seroprevalence of TPO-abs (>60 U/mL) was significantly associated with ATEM+ (OR = 3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-11.1, p = 0.022). Our findings demonstrated that seroprevalence and titer of TPO-abs in pediatric mood disorders are associated with ATEM+ status. TPO-abs could potentially serve as a biomarker when assessing the risk of ATEM in the child and adolescent population.
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Association of theory of mind and empathy abilities in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Altered regional grey matter volume and appetite-related hormone levels in adolescent obesity with or without binge-eating disorder. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2555-2562. [PMID: 33548051 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by frequent and persistent overeating episodes of binge eating without compensatory behaviors. The aim was to evaluate regional gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities and appetite-regulating hormone levels (NPY and Leptin) in obese subjects either with or without BED compared to healthy controls (HC). METHODS Twenty-six obese patients with BED, 25 obese patients without BED and 27 healthy subjects as an age-matched control group with neuroimaging and appetite-regulating hormone levels were found eligible for regional GMV abnormalities. A structural magnetic resonance scan and timely blood samples were drawn to assess the appetite-regulating hormone levels. RESULTS The BED obese patients had a greater GMVs of the right medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the left medial OFC compared to the non-BED obese patients. BED patients were characterized by greater GMV of the left medial OFC than HCs. Relative to the HCs, higher serum NPY levels were found in BED obese and non-BED obese groups. Serum leptin levels (pg/mL) had positively correlations with GMV in right medial OFC, left medial OFC, right lateral OFC, and left anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSION Among the reward processing network, which is largely associated with feeding behaviours in individuals with obesity and binge eating disorder, the OFC volumes was correlated with serum leptin concentrations. The results of our study may provide a rationale for exploring the link between regional grey matter volumes and appetite-related hormone levels in people with BED. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Drug holidays may not affect processing speed while they may reduce beneficial effects on resistance to interference among children with treated with methylphenidate: a single-center, prospective study. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:323-329. [PMID: 33356759 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1855242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of drug holidays during summer vacations among children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were treated with methylphenidate in terms of ADHD symptoms and executive functions. METHODS The study was a prospective cohort study that includes pre-treatment, post-treatment and post-drug holiday evaluations. ADHD symptom severity was evaluated with the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), the Conners' Parental Rating Scale-Short Form (CPRS) and the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale- Short Form (CTRS). The Stroop Color Word Test- TBAG Form (SCWT) was used to evaluate executive functions. Fifty-one patients participated in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methylphenidate (MPH) was started at 0.5 mg/kg/day and titrated weekly to a maximum of 1.2 mg/kg/day. During the follow-up period, 22 (43.0%) of the patients stopped treatment. RESULTS Completion times for all SCWT subtests were significantly reduced after treatment (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, p < 0.001; respectively). Mean number of corrections in SCWT-3 and mean number of errors as well as corrections in SCWT-5 significantly reduced after treatment (p = 0.047, p = 0.005, p = 0.007; respectively). Mean number of corrections in SCWT-3 and mean number of errors in SCWT-5 increased significantly after drug holiday compared to post-treatment (p = 0.032 and p = 0.037; respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that psychomotor speed and resistance to interference improved in children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate treatment. Drug holidays did not affect psychomotor speed while beneficial effects on resistance to interference were reduced with drug holidays.
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Relationships Between Theory of Mind (ToM) and Attachment Properties in Adolescent with Social Axiety Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 57:65-70. [PMID: 32110154 DOI: 10.29399/npa.24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Studies have suggested that attachment styles are associated with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Recent studies found that individuals with a diagnosis of SAD were significantly impaired relative to healthy controls on tasks of theory of mind (ToM). We aimed to investigate the association of ToM and attachment styles in adolescents diagnosed with SAD in this study. Methods Drug-naïve 42 adolescents diagnosed with SAD and aged between 12 to 18, without psychiatric comorbidity were enrolled in the patient group. Forty-two adolescents in the same age range without any psychiatric disorders were matched as the healthy control group. The diagnosis was made by experienced clinicians using the Kiddie and Young Adult Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version and diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition. The severity of SAD symptoms was evaluated with the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. ToM was evaluated with Reading the Mind in the Eyes task and faces test. Parent and Peer Attachment Inventory was used for assessing attachment properties. Results Adolescents with SAD compared to healthy control groups have more difficulties both in Reading the Mind in the Eyes task and faces test. We found a statistically significant decrease in peer and parent attachment scores when compared with SAD and healthy controls (p<0.05). A negative correlation between the severity of SAD and both ToM tasks and attachment has been found. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that ToM deficits and insecure attachment style may play an important role in the etiology and treatment of SAD in adolescents.
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Social cognition and emotion regulation may be impaired in adolescents with obesity independent of the presence of binge eating disorder: a two-center study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1693727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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The effects of atomoxetine on weight, height, and body mass index in Turkish children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2019.1637393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Executive functions and impulsivity in suicide attempter adolescents with major depressive disorder. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1541647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Genetic imaging study with [Tc- 99m] TRODAT-1 SPECT in adolescents with ADHD using OROS-methylphenidate. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 86:294-300. [PMID: 29684537 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine theeffects on the brain of 2-month treatment withamethylphenidate extended-release formulation (OROS-MPH) using [Tc-99m] TRODAT-1SPECT in a sample of treatment-naïve adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In addition, to assess whether risk alleles (homozygosity for 10-repeat allele at the DAT1 gene were associated with alterations in striatal DAT availability. METHODS Twenty adolescents with ADHD underwent brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans with [Tc-99m] TRODAT-1 at baseline and two months after starting OROS-MPH treatment with dosages up to 1 mg/kg/day. Severity of illness was estimated using the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S) and DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale-Clinician version (ARS) before treatment,1 month and 2 months after initiating OROS-MPH treatment. RESULTS Decreased DAT availability was found in both the right caudate (pretreatment DAT binding: 224.76 ± 33.77, post-treatment DAT binding: 208.86 ± 28.75, p = 0.02) and right putamen (pre-treatment DAT binding: 314.41 ± 55.24, post-treatment DAT binding: 285.66 ± 39.20, p = 0.05) in adolescents with ADHD receiving OROS-MPH treatment. Adolescents with ADHD who showed a robust response to OROS-MPH (n = 7) had significantly greater reduction of DAT density in the right putamen than adolescents who showed less robust response to OROS-MPH (n = 13) (p = 0.02). However, between-group differences by treatment responses were not related with DAT density in the right caudate. Risk alleles (homozygosity for the 10-repeat allele of DAT1 gene) in the DAT1 gene were not associated with alterations in striatal DAT availability. CONCLUSION Two months of OROS-MPH treatment decreased DAT availability in both the right caudate and putamen. Adolescents with ADHD who showed a robust response to OROS-MPH had greater reduction of DAT density in the right putamen. However,our findings did not support an association between homozygosity for a 10-repeat allele in the DAT1 gene and DAT density, assessedusing[Tc-99m] TRODAT-1SPECT.
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Allele frequencies of dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism are associated with methylphenidate response in adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a case control preliminary study. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1418134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in treatment-naïve boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with methylphenidate: an 8-week, observational pretest-posttest study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:127-135. [PMID: 28710695 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important neurotrophin in the brain that modulates dopaminergic neurons. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in serum BDNF levels of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in response to OROS methylphenidate treatment. We also aimed to determine whether there were any pre-post-differences between ADHD subtypes and comorbid psychiatric disorders in serum BDNF levels. Fifty male children with ADHD and 50 male healthy controls within the age range of 6-12 years were recruited to the study. The psychiatric diagnoses were determined by applying a structured interview with Kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version. The symptom severity of ADHD was measured using the Clinical Global Impression ADHD Severity Scale (CGI-S). Physicians completed Du Paul ADHD questionnaires. The levels of serum BDNF were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with effective dosages of OROS methylphenidate. In the present study, the mean serum BDNF levels of boys with ADHD and of the healthy controls were 2626.33 ± 1528.05 and 2989.11 ± 1420.08 pg/mL, respectively. Although there were no statistically significant difference between the ADHD group and healthy controls at baseline (p = 0.22), the increase of serum BDNF was statistically significant from baseline to endpoint in the ADHD group (p = 0.04). The mean serum BDNF levels at baseline and endpoint of the ADHD group were 2626.33 ± 1528.05 and 3255.80 ± 1908.79 pg/mL, respectively. The serum BDNF levels of ADHD-inattentive subtype were significantly lower at baseline (p = 0.02), whereas BDNF levels post-treatment showed no significant difference. The increase of serum BDNF levels with methylphenidate treatment after 8 weeks was significantly higher in the inattentive group (p = 0.005). The increase of serum BDNF levels with methylphenidate treatment after 8 weeks in boys with ADHD may support the potential role of BDNF in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The role of BDNF in ADHD subtypes in particular should be evaluated with further, larger studies.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate depression and anxiety levels of mothers whose child (7-11 years) and adolescent (12-18 years) offspring had obesity, as well as those mothers' attitudes toward their children and their family relationships. METHOD This is a cross-sectional, case-control study of 100 dyads. All mothers completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Parental Attitude Research Instrument, and the Family Assessment Device. RESULTS Maternal state anxiety in the group with obesity was significantly higher than controls (p = 0.03). As measured by Family Assessment Device, affective involvement (p = 0.05) and behavior control (p = 0.00) scores were significantly higher for those with obesity. Obesity and adolescence have independent effects on maternal state anxiety; affective involvement domain of family function is affected by both obesity and its interaction with adolescence, while behavior control domain is singularly affected by obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our results may demonstrate that, for the mothers of children who have obesity, this condition may have an adverse effect on their lives and their family relationships. Pediatric obesity and developmental stage of offspring may have different effects on maternally reported psychometric variables. Cross-sectional design may hinder causal explanations. Further studies with longitudinal designs are needed.
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Atomoxetine treatment may decrease striatal dopaminergic transporter availability after 8 weeks: pilot SPECT report of three cases. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:2909-12. [PMID: 26640376 PMCID: PMC4657797 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s87359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. The pathophysiology is thought to involve noradrenaline and dopamine. The role of dopamine transporter (DAT) was evaluated in imaging studies using mostly dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Here we report the results of a pilot study conducted to evaluate changes in striatal DAT after 8 weeks of atomoxetine treatment. Our results suggest that 8 weeks of atomoxetine treatment may change striatal DAT bioavailability as measured via SPECT but that change was not correlated with genotype or clinical improvement.
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Aripiprazol ile İyileşen “İç Görüşü Kısıtlı” Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk Tanılı Bir Ergen ve Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2011. [DOI: 10.4274/npa.y5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Thyroid function and oppositional defiant disorder: more than a coincidence in prepubertal boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 23:E9-E10. [PMID: 21677236 DOI: 10.1176/jnp.23.2.jnpe9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maternal reactions to a child with epilepsy: Depression, anxiety, parental attitudes and family functions. Epilepsy Res 2011; 95:213-20. [PMID: 21543187 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate how the disease and treatment of epilepsy affected the psychological profile (depression and anxiety) of mothers whose children had epilepsy, as well as these mothers' attitudes towards their children and their family relationships. METHODS Both the case and control groups consisted of 50 children and their mothers. All mothers were asked to complete the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Parental Attitude Research Instrument and Family Assessment Device. RESULTS Mothers whose children had epilepsy scored significantly higher in depression and state anxiety compared to the mothers of the control group. The mothers of children diagnosed with epilepsy also failed to develop supportive and friendly relationships with their children. In addition, these mothers scored significantly higher in the Attitude of Hostility and Rejection, Marital Discordance and Authoritarian Attitude as compared to the mothers of the control group. CONCLUSION This cross-sectional study demonstrated that, for the mothers of children who had epilepsy, the illness might have an adverse effect on their lives and their family relationships.
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Psychosocial aspects of Turkish mothers of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26:685-6. [PMID: 16155758 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-005-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the psychological profile of mothers of children with strabismus, their attitudes to their children, and their family functioning. METHODS This study was conducted at Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, from 2000 to 2002 and involved a series of 30 children with strabismus and 31 healthy controls. All mothers were asked to complete Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI), and Family Assessment Device (FAD). RESULTS Mothers of the children with strabismus had significantly higher depression scores ( P = 0.042) compared with mothers of the control group. They demonstrated significantly lower scores in democratic attitude, meaning that they failed to constitute a supportive and friendship relation with their children, ( P = 0.0001). These mothers had significantly higher scores in rejection of maternal role ( P = 0.017) as compared with mothers of the control group. They were nervous, distressed, and angry in the relationship with their children, with unhappiness and more dissatisfaction with respect to maternal role. Mothers of the children with strabismus had poor role functioning in the family, which is related to satisfying the food, clothing, and support needs ( P = 0.034). They also had poor affective responsiveness, which means the ability of family members to respond with appropriate emotion ( P = 0.003), and poor general functioning ( P = 0.040) as compared with mothers of the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that, for mothers who have children with strabismus, strabismus had an adverse effect on their lives, and their family relationships.
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Depression and anxiety in chronic hepatitis B: effect of hepatitis B virus infection on psychological state in childhood. Turk J Pediatr 2003; 45:26-8. [PMID: 12718367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of chronic hepatitis B virus infection on the psychological state of children. Children who were carriers of hepatitis B virus (n:20) and those with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (n:20) for at least one year formed study Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Healthy children with similar demographic characteristics (n:43) were enrolled as the control group. The "Children's Depression Inventory" and "State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children" were used for the assessment of the extent of depression and anxiety, respectively. Then, mean depression and anxiety scores of the study and control groups were compared. In addition, the children in each group were further evaluated for depression and anxiety with respect to gender and age as prepubertal and postpubertal. The mean depression and anxiety scores of study Groups 1 and 2 and of the control group were 8.35 +/- 5.6, 8.22 +/- 6.85, 9.12 +/- 5.2 (depression scores) and 32.7 +/- 6.85, 33.4 +/- 10 and 34 +/- 6.5 (anxiety scores), respectively. These three groups did not differ significantly from each other with respect to anxiety and depression scores (p>0.05). Athough there was no child with overt depression (with a depression score over 19) in study Group 2, two children in study Group 1 and one child in the control group were determined to be in overt depression. Children with chronic hepatitis B virus infection were not different with respect to depression and anxiety from children who were carriers of hepatitis B virus nor from the healthy controls.
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