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Schwab M, Dezfouli AB, Khosravi M, Alkotub B, Bauer L, Birgani MJT, Multhoff G. The radiation- and chemo-sensitizing capacity of diclofenac can be predicted by a decreased lactate metabolism and stress response. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:7. [PMID: 38229111 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An enhanced aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") associated with an increase in lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor aggressiveness and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. We investigated the radiation- and chemo-sensitizing effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac in different cancer cell types. METHODS The effects of a non-lethal concentration of diclofenac was investigated on c-MYC and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) protein expression/activity and the Heat shock Protein (HSP)/stress response in human colorectal (LS174T, LoVo), lung (A549), breast (MDA-MB-231) and pancreatic (COLO357) carcinoma cells. Radiation- and chemo-sensitization of diclofenac was determined using clonogenic cell survival assays and a murine xenograft tumor model. RESULTS A non-lethal concentration of diclofenac decreases c-MYC protein expression and LDH activity, reduces cytosolic Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1), Hsp70 and Hsp27 levels and membrane Hsp70 positivity in LS174T and LoVo colorectal cancer cells, but not in A549 lung carcinoma cells, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and COLO357 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. The impaired lactate metabolism and stress response in diclofenac-sensitive colorectal cancer cells was associated with a significantly increased sensitivity to radiation and 5Fluorouracil in vitro, and in a human colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model diclofenac causes radiosensitization. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a decrease in the LDH activity and/or stress response upon diclofenac treatment predicts its radiation/chemo-sensitizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schwab
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bayan Alkotub
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
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Wittmann A, Bartels A, Alkotub B, Bauer L, Kafshgari MH, Multhoff G. Chronic inflammatory effects of in vivo irradiation of the murine heart on endothelial cells mimic mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1214-1224. [PMID: 37658922 PMCID: PMC10673733 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a major pillar in the treatment of solid tumors including breast cancer. However, epidemiological studies have revealed an increase in cardiac diseases approximately a decade after exposure of the thorax to ionizing irradiation, which might be related to vascular inflammation. Therefore, chronic inflammatory effects were examined in primary heart and lung endothelial cells (ECs) of mice after local heart irradiation. METHODS Long-lasting effects on primary ECs of the heart and lung were studied 20-50 weeks after local irradiation of the heart of mice (8 and 16 Gy) in vivo by multiparameter flow cytometry using antibodies directed against cell surface markers related to proliferation, stemness, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and compared to those induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. RESULTS In vivo irradiation of the complete heart caused long-lasting persistent upregulation of inflammatory (HCAM, ICAM‑1, VCAM-1), proliferation (CD105), and lipid (CD36) markers on primary heart ECs and an upregulation of ICAM‑1 and VCAM‑1 on primary ECs of the partially irradiated lung lobe. An artificially induced heart infarction induces similar effects with respect to inflammatory markers, albeit in a shorter time period. CONCLUSION The long-lasting upregulation of prominent inflammatory markers on primary heart and lung ECs suggests that local heart irradiation induces chronic inflammation in the microvasculature of the heart and partially irradiated lung that leads to cardiac injury which might be related to altered lipid metabolism in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wittmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Bartels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Bayan Alkotub
- Institute of Biological Medical Imaging, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair for Biomedical Electronics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Nytko KJ, Weyland MS, Dressel-Böhm S, Scheidegger S, Salvermoser L, Werner C, Stangl S, Carpinteiro AC, Alkotub B, Multhoff G, Bodis S, Rohrer Bley C. Extracellular heat shock protein 70 levels in tumour-bearing dogs and cats treated with radiation therapy and hyperthermia. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:605-615. [PMID: 37653682 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a form of a cancer treatment which is frequently applied in combination with radiotherapy (RT) to improve therapy responses and radiosensitivity. The mode of action of hyperthermia is multifactorial; the one hand by altering the amount of the blood circulation in the treated tissue, on the other hand by modulating molecular pathways involved in cell survival processes and immunogenic interactions. One of the most dominant proteins induced by hyperthermia is the major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Hsp70 can be found in the blood either as a free-protein (free HSP70) derived from necrotic cells, or lipid-bound (liposomal Hsp70) when it is actively released in extracellular vesicles (EVs) by living cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of free and liposomal Hsp70 before and after treatment with RT alone or hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy (HTRT) in dogs and cats to evaluate therapy responses. Peripheral blood was collected from feline and canine patients before and at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after treatment with RT or HTRT. Hsp70 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to determine the free and liposomal Hsp70 concentrations in the serum. The levels were analysed after the first fraction of radiation to study immediate effects and after all applied fractions to study cumulative effects. The levels of free and liposomal Hsp70 levels in the circulation were not affected by the first singular treatment and cumulative effects of RT in cats however, after finalizing all treatment cycles with HTRT free and liposomal Hsp70 levels significantly increased. In dogs, HTRT, but not treatment with RT alone, significantly affected liposomal Hsp70 levels during the first fraction. Free Hsp70 levels were significantly increased after RT, but not HTRT, during the first fraction in dogs. In dogs, on the other hand, RT alone resulted in a significant increase in liposomal Hsp70, but HTRT did not significantly affect the liposomal Hsp70 when cumulative effects were analysed. Free Hsp70 was significantly induced in dogs after both, RT and HTRT when cumulative effects were analysed. RT and HTRT treatments differentially affect the levels of free and liposomal Hsp70 in dogs and cats. Both forms of Hsp70 could potentially be further investigated as potential liquid biopsy markers to study responses to RT and HTRT treatment in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Nytko
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M S Weyland
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - S Dressel-Böhm
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Scheidegger
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - L Salvermoser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Werner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Stangl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A C Carpinteiro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Alkotub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Bodis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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