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Kundu B, Caballero D, Abreu CM, Reis RL, Kundu SC. The Tumor Microenvironment: An Introduction to the Development of Microfluidic Devices. Microfluidics and Biosensors in Cancer Research 2022; 1379:115-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kundu B, Bastos ARF, Brancato V, Cerqueira MT, Oliveira JM, Correlo VM, Reis RL, Kundu SC. Mechanical Property of Hydrogels and the Presence of Adipose Stem Cells in Tumor Stroma Affect Spheroid Formation in the 3D Osteosarcoma Model. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:14548-14559. [PMID: 30943004 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common metastatic bone cancers, which results in significant morbidity and mortality. Unfolding of effectual therapeutic strategies against osteosarcoma is impeded because of the absence of adequate animal models, which can truly recapitulate disease biology of humans. Tissue engineering provides an opportunity to develop physiologically relevant, reproducible, and tunable in vitro platforms to investigate the interactions of osteosarcoma cells with its microenvironment. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are detected adjacent to osteosarcoma masses and are considered to have protumor effects. Hence, the present study focuses on investigating the role of reactive ASCs in formation of spheroids of osteosarcoma cells (Saos 2) within a three-dimensional (3D) niche, which is created using gellan gum (GG)-silk fibroin. By modifying the blending ratio of GG-silk, the optimum stiffness of the resultant hydrogels such as GG and GG75: S25 is obtained for cancer spheroid formation. This work indicates that the co-existence of cancer and stem cells can form a spheroid, the hallmark of cancer, only in particular microenvironment stiffness. The incorporation of fibrillar silk fibroin within the hydrophilic network of GG in GG75: S25 spongy-like hydrogels closely mimics the stiffness of commercially established cancer biomaterials (e.g., Matrigel, HyStem). The GG75: S25 hydrogel maintains the metabolically active construct for a longer time with elevated expression of osteopontin, osteocalcin, RUNX 2, and bone sialoprotein genes, the biomarkers of osteosarcoma, compared to GG. The GG75: S25 construct also exhibits intense alkaline phosphatase expression in immunohistochemistry compared to GG, indicating itspotentiality to serve as biomimetic niche to model osteosarcoma. Taken together, the GG-silk fibroin-blended spongy-like hydrogel is envisioned as an alternative low-cost platform for 3D cancer modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - A R F Bastos
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - V Brancato
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - M T Cerqueira
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - J M Oliveira
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - V M Correlo
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - R L Reis
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine , Headquarters at University of Minho , Avepark , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
| | - S C Kundu
- I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics , University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine , AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra , Barco, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory , Braga, Guimarães 4805-017 , Portugal
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Kundu B, Eltohamy M, Yadavalli VK, Reis RL, Kim HW. Template mediated protein self-assembly as a valuable tool in regenerative therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:044101. [PMID: 29489458 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aab2fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of natural proteinaceous biopolymers into macro-scale architectures is of great importance in synthetic biology, soft-material science and regenerative therapy. The self-assembly of protein tends to be limited due to anisotropic interactions among protein molecules, poor solubility and stability. Here, we introduce a unique platform to self-immobilize diverse proteins (fibrous and globular, positively and negatively charged, low and high molecular weight) using silicon surfaces with pendant -NH2 groups via a facile one step diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) method. All the experimental proteins (type I collagen, bovine serum albumin and cytochrome C) self-assemble into seaweed-like branched dendritic architectures via classical DLA in the absence of any electrolytes. The notable differences in branching architectures are due to dissimilarities in protein colloidal sub-units, which is typical for each protein type, along with the heterogeneous distribution of surface -NH2 groups. Fractal analysis of assembled structures is used to explain the underlying route of fractal deposition; which concludes how proteins with different functionality can yield similar assembly. Further, the nano-micro-structured surfaces can be used to provide functional topographical cues to study cellular responses, as demonstrated using rat bone marrow stem cells. The results indicate that the immobilization of proteins via DLA does not affect functionality, instead serving as topographical cues to guide cell morphology. This indicates a promising design strategy at the tissue-material interface and is anticipated to guide future surface modifications. A cost-effective standard templating strategy is therefore proposed for fundamental and applied particle aggregation studies, which can be used at multiple length scales for biomaterial design and surface reformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- 3B´s Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Republic of Korea
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Narula S, Sharma R, Tewari S, Bala K, Tanwar N, Kundu B, Bhatia A. Carotid artery wall imaging and improved post periodontal surgery cerebral blood flow assessment. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Konar S, Guha R, Kundu B, Nandi S, Ghosh TK, Kundu SC, Konar A, Hazra S. Silk fibroin hydrogel as physical barrier for prevention of post hernia adhesion. Hernia 2016; 21:125-137. [DOI: 10.1007/s10029-016-1484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Dalkilic AS, Kundu B, Wongwises S. An Experimental Investigation of the Reynolds Analogy and its Modifications Applied to Annular Condensation Laminar Flow of R134a in a Vertical Tube. Arab J Sci Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-013-0595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wood JM, Kundu B, Utter A, Gallagher TA, Voss J, Nair VA, Kuo JS, Field AS, Moritz CH, Meyerand ME, Prabhakaran V. Impact of brain tumor location on morbidity and mortality: a retrospective functional MR imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1420-5. [PMID: 21885713 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE fMRI is increasingly used in neurosurgery to preoperatively identify areas of eloquent cortex. Our study evaluated the efficacy of clinical fMRI by analyzing the relationship between the distance from the tumor border to the area of functional activation (LAD) and patient pre- and postoperative morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included patients with diagnosis of primary or metastatic brain tumor who underwent preoperative fMRI-based motor mapping (n=74) and/or language mapping (n=77). The impact of LAD and other variables collected from patient records was analyzed with respect to functional deficits in terms of morbidity (paresis and aphasia) and mortality. RESULTS Significant relationships were found between motor and language LAD and the existence of either pre- or postoperative motor (P < .001) and language deficits (P=.009). Increasing age was associated with motor and language deficits (P=.02 and P=.04 respectively). Right-handedness was related to language deficits (P=.05). Survival analysis revealed that pre- and postoperative deficits, grade, tumor location, and LAD predicted mortality. Motor deficits increased linearly as the distance from the tumor to the primary sensorimotor cortex decreased. Language deficits increased exponentially as the distance from the tumor to the language areas decreased below 1 cm. Postoperative mortality analysis showed an interaction effect between motor or language LAD and mortality predictors (grade and tumor location, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that tumors may affect language and motor function differently depending on tumor LAD. Overall, the data support the use of fMRI as a tool to evaluate patient prognosis and are directly applicable to neurosurgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wood
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53705, USA.
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Sathyanarayana P, Varia MC, Prajapati AK, Kundu B, Sastry VSS, Dhara S. Splay-bend elasticity of a nematic liquid crystal with T-shaped molecules. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 82:050701. [PMID: 21230425 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We measured the splay (K11) and bend (K33) elastic constants in the nematic phase of a liquid crystal with T-shaped molecules. We find that the ratio, K33/K11 ≃1 in the entire nematic range except very close to the nematic to Sm-A (SN) transition. Both K33 and K11 show pretransitional divergence as the SN transition is approached from higher temperature. The ratio, K33/K11 suggests that the length (L) to effective width (D) ratio (i.e., L/D ) is significantly smaller due to the presence of long and flexible lateral group, compared to that of rigid rodlike molecules. It is argued that apart from the extra contribution to the elasticity the long and flexible lateral group also has a significant contribution to the suppression of the splay fluctuations in the onset of smectic short-range fluctuation. The structure of the Sm-A phase is investigated by using small angle x-ray diffraction, and a possible arrangement of the molecules in the Sm-A layer is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sathyanarayana
- School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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Kundu B, Lemos A, Soundrapandian C, Sen PS, Datta S, Ferreira JMF, Basu D. Development of porous HAp and β-TCP scaffolds by starch consolidation with foaming method and drug-chitosan bilayered scaffold based drug delivery system. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2010; 21:2955-2969. [PMID: 20644982 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The inability to maintain high concentrations of antibiotic at the site of infection for an extended period of time along with dead space management is still the driving challenge in treatment of osteomyelitis. Porous bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and beta-tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP) were some of the alternatives to be used as local drug delivery system. However, high porosity and high interconnectivity of pores in the scaffolds play a pivotal role in the drug release and bone resorption. Ceftriaxone is a cephalosporin that has lost its clinical popularity. But has recently been reported to exhibit better bactericidal activity in vitro and reduced probability of resistance development, in combination with sulbactam, a β-lactamase inhibitor. In this article, a novel approach of forming HAp and pure β-TCP based porous scaffolds by applying together starch consolidation with foaming method was used. For the purpose, pure HAp and β-TCP were prepared in the laboratory and after thorough characterization (including XRD, FTIR, particle size distribution, etc.) the powders were used for scaffold fabrication. The ability of these scaffolds to release drugs suitably for osteomyelitis was studied in vitro. The results of the study indicated that HAp exhibited better drug release profile than β-TCP when drug was used alone indicating the high influence of the carrier material. However, this restriction got relaxed when a bilayered scaffold was formed using chitosan along with the drug. SEM studies along with EDAX on the drug-chitosan bilayered scaffold showed closest apposition of this combination to the calcium phosphate surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Bansal S, Gnaneswari D, Mishra P, Kundu B. Structural stability and functional analysis of L-asparaginase from Pyrococcus furiosus. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2010; 75:375-81. [PMID: 20370616 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report studies on an L-asparaginase from Pyrococcus furiosus, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Protein stability and enzyme kinetic parameters were determined. The enzyme was found to be thermostable, natively dimeric, and glutaminase-free, with optimum activity at pH 9.0. It showed a K(m) of 12 mM and a substrate inhibition profile above 20 mM L-asparagine. Urea could not induce unfolding and enzyme inactivation; however, with guanidine hydrochloride (GdnCl) a two-state unfolding pattern was observed. Reduced activity and an altered near-UV-CD signal for protein at low GdnCl concentration (1 M) suggested tertiary structural changes at the enzyme active site. A homology three-dimensional model was developed and the structural information was combined with activity and stability data to give functional clues about the asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bansal
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Nandi SK, Roy S, Mukherjee P, Kundu B, De DK, Basu D. Orthopaedic applications of bone graft & graft substitutes: a review. Indian J Med Res 2010; 132:15-30. [PMID: 20693585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of delayed union, malunion, and nonunion is a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeons in veterinary and human fields. Apart from restoration of alignment and stable fixation, in many cases adjunctive measures such as bone-grafting or use of bone-graft substitutes are of paramount importance. Bone-graft materials usually have one or more components: an osteoconductive matrix, which acts as scaffold to new bone growth; osteoinductive proteins, which support mitogenesis of undifferentiated cells; and osteogenic cells, which are capable of forming bone in the appropriate environment. Autologous bone remains the "gold standard" for stimulating bone repair and regeneration, but its availability may be limited and the procedure to harvest the material is associated with complications. Bone-graft substitutes can either substitute autologous bone graft or expand an existing amount of autologous bone graft. We review the currently available bone graft and graft substitutes for the novel therapeutic approaches in clinical setting of orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
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Kundu B, Pratibha R, Madhusudana NV. Orientational order in liquid crystals exhibited by some binary mixtures of rod-like and bent-core molecules. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2010; 31:145-152. [PMID: 20195691 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2010-10556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the temperature variations of the optical birefringence in the nematic (N) and partial bilayer SmA (SmA(d)) phases in 4-n-octyloxy 4(')-cyanobiphenyl made of rod-like (R) molecules and five mixtures of this compound with 1,3-phenylene bis[4-(3-methylbenzoyloxy)] 4(')-n-dodecylbiphenyl 4(')-carboxylate, made of bent-core (BC) molecules. The birefringence decreases with the concentration x of the BC molecules but the macroscopic order parameter initially decreases upto 11 mol% of BC molecules and subsequently increases with x. This is attributed to the possible formation of polar clusters of BC molecules. Orientation of BC molecules changes between the N and SmA(d) phases and the birefringence data in the two phases imply that the kink angle of the BC molecules is approximately 90 degrees rather than approximately 110 degrees as obtained from calculations which minimize the energy of the molecule. IR spectroscopic measurements on the mixture with 11 mol% of BC molecules have been used to estimate the molecular order parameter S of the R molecules, and to provide additional support for a relatively small kink angle of BC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Raman Research Institute, C.V. Raman Avenue, 560 080, Bangalore, India
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Sathyanarayana P, Mathew M, Li Q, Sastry VSS, Kundu B, Le KV, Takezoe H, Dhara S. Splay bend elasticity of a bent-core nematic liquid crystal. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:010702. [PMID: 20365313 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.010702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We measured the splay (K11) and bend (K33) elastic constants in the nematic phase of a bent-core liquid crystal. In the vicinity of the nematic-isotropic transition temperature K33 is proportional to the square of the order parameter. In the nematic range K11 increases monotonically with decreasing temperature, whereas K33 is practically independent of temperature and is smaller than K11 . K33 exhibits a pretransitional slow divergence toward the transition temperature to the smectic phase and becomes slightly larger than K11. The small K33 is explained on the basis of strong coupling of the bent shape of the molecules with the bend distortion.
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Duggineni S, Srivastava G, Kundu B, Kumar M, Chaturvedi AK, Shukla PK. A novel dodecapeptide from a combinatorial synthetic library exhibits potent antifungal activity and synergy with standard antimycotic agents. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29:73-8. [PMID: 17156978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a marked expansion in the discovery of new antifungal peptides. This paper describes a novel dodecapeptide, H-Arg-Trp-Trp-Arg-D-Trp-D-Phe-Ile-D-Phe-His-Trp-Arg-Trp-NH(2), derived from a previously described nonapeptide and synthesized by the combinatorial approach. Further, interaction of this peptide with antifungals such as amphotericin B, flucytosine and fluconazole was studied by checkerboard analysis and time-kill assay to obtain the dynamic picture with respect to time. The best synergistic activity was observed with a combination of peptide and fluconazole, followed by peptide and flucytosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duggineni
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India
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Kundu B. Imaging in ophthalmic lesions. J Cytol 2007. [DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.42085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kumar M, Chaturvedi AK, Kavishwar A, Shukla PK, Kesarwani AP, Kundu B. Identification of a novel antifungal nonapeptide generated by combinatorial approach. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2005; 25:313-20. [PMID: 15784311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming clear that antimicrobial peptides are important components of the innate defences of all species of life. They kill very rapidly, do not easily select resistant mutants and are synergistic with potentially toxic conventional therapeutic agents against microbes. This paper describes an attempt to expand a lead hexapeptide motif synthesized through combinatorial approach. A cationic peptide H-Arg-Trp-Trp-Arg-D-Trp-D-Phe-Ile-D-Phe-His-NH2 was found to be active with a therapeutic index of >17. I was proposed that the combination of peptide with known antifungal agents may identify synergistic combinations that would ideally reduce the dosage of conventional antifungals as well as their associated toxicity. Nine different pathogenic strains and species of Candida and two of Cryptococcus neoformans were employed in chequerboard method and in time kill assays to evaluate the synergistic effect of the lead peptide in combination with amphotericin B, 5-flucytosine, ketoconazole and fluconazole. We found synergistic interaction between the peptide and all four drugs against Cryptococcus isolates whilst both synergistic and additive combinations occurred when Candida isolates were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Division of Medical Mycology, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Mukhopadhyay A, Saha K, Kundu B, Barman B, Sarkar R, Jana S, Gupta PR. Intensified, sort duration chemotherapy of pediatric non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.8560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mukhopadhyay
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Cancer Treatment & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - K. Saha
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Cancer Treatment & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - B. Kundu
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Cancer Treatment & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - B. Barman
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Cancer Treatment & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - R. Sarkar
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Cancer Treatment & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - S. Jana
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Cancer Treatment & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - P. R. Gupta
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Cancer Treatment & Research, Kolkata, India
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Kundu S, Sharma SK, Roy S, Kundu B, Chatterjee S. Rhomboencephalosynapsis with associated supratentorial anomalies - a case report. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2005. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kundu B, Richardson SD, Granville CA, Shaughnessy DT, Hanley NM, Swartz PD, Richard AM, DeMarini DM. Comparative mutagenicity of halomethanes and halonitromethanes in Salmonella TA100: structure-activity analysis and mutation spectra. Mutat Res 2004; 554:335-50. [PMID: 15450430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2004] [Revised: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a recently identified class of disinfection by-products (DPBs) in drinking water that are mutagenic in Salmonella and potent inducers of DNA strand breaks in mammalian cells. Here we compared the mutagenic potencies of the HNMs to those of their halomethane (HM) homologues by testing all nine HNMs and seven of the nine HMs (minus bromomethane and chloromethane) under the same conditions (the pre-incubation assay) in Salmonella TA100 +/- S9. We also determined the mutation spectra for several DBPs. In the presence of S9, all nine HNMs, but only three HMs, dibromomethane (DBM), dichloromethane (DCM), and bromochloromethane (BCM), were mutagenic. Only two DBPs of each class were mutagenic in the absence of S9. The HNMs were generally more potent mutagens than their HM homologues, and the brominated forms of both classes of DBPs were more mutagenic and cytotoxic than their chlorinated homologues. The HNMs were at least 10 times more cytotoxic than the HMs, and the cytotoxicity rankings in the presence of S9 were similar for the HNMs and the HMs. The addition of a nitro-group to BCM did not change the mutation spectra significantly, with both homologues inducing primarily (55-58%) GC --> AT transitions. The greater cytotoxic and mutagenic activities of the HNMs relative to the HMs are likely due to the greater intrinsic reactivity conferred by the nitro-group. Energy calculations predicted increased reactivity with increasing bromination and greater reactivity of the HNMs versus the HMs (Elumo values were approximately 20 kcal/mol lower for the HNMs compared to their HM homologues). Given that the HNMs also are potent genotoxins in mammalian cells [Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 62] and are more mutagenic and 10x more cytotoxic in Salmonella than the HMs, whose levels are regulated in drinking water, further study of their occurrence and potential health effects is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijit Kundu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599, USA
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Kundu B, Richardson SD, Swartz PD, Matthews PP, Richard AM, DeMarini DM. Mutagenicity in Salmonella of halonitromethanes: a recently recognized class of disinfection by-products in drinking water. Mutat Res 2004; 562:39-65. [PMID: 15279829 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Halonitromethanes (HNMs) are a recently identified class of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water. They include chloronitromethane (CHN), dichloronitromethane (DCNM), trichloronitromethane (TCNM), bromonitromethane (BNM), dibromonitromethane (DBNM), tribromonitromethane (TBNM), bromochloronitromethane (BCNM),dibromochloronitromethane (DBCNM), and bromodichloronitromethane (BDCNM). Previous studies of TCNM, DCNM, CNM, and TBNM found that all four were mutagenic in bacteria, and a recent study showed that all nine induced DNA damage in CHO cells. Here, all nine HNMs were evaluated in the Salmonella plate-incorporation assay +/- S9 using strains TA98, TA100, TA104, TPT100, and the glutathione transferase theta (GSTT1-1)-expressing strain RSJ100. All were mutagenic, most with and without S9. In the absence of S9, six were mutagenic in TA98, six in TA100, and three in TA104; in the presence of S9, these numbers were five, seven, and three, respectively. Thus, the HNMs-induced base substitutions primarily at GC sites as well as frameshifts. Although five HNMs were activated to mutagens in RSJ100 -S9, they produced < or =2-fold increases in revertants and potencies <506 rev/micromol. The rank order of the HNMs by mutagenic potency in TA100 +S9 was (BCNM DBNM) > (TBNM CNM > BNM DCNM BDCNM) > (TCNM = DBCNM). The mean rev/micromol for the three groupings, respectively, were 1423, 498, and 0, which classifies the HNMs as weak mutagens in Salmonella. Reaction of the dihalo and monohalo HNMs with GSH, possibly GSTT1-1, is a possible mechanism for formation of ultimate mutagenic products. Because the HNMs are mutagenic in Salmonella (present study) and potent clastogens in mammalian cells [Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 62], their presence in drinking water warrants further research on their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijit Kundu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Mohanraja K, Dhanasekaran M, Kundu B, Durani S. Mechanism-based protein design: attempted "nucleation-condensation" approach to a possible minimal helix-bundle protein. Biopolymers 2003; 70:355-63. [PMID: 14579308 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In an intended mechanism-based de novo approach, a 22-mer peptide was so designed as to make it both a stereochemically nucleatable and hydrophobically condensable minimal globular protein. Framework-like nucleation of a triple-helix bundle was targeted by employing as folding nucleators composite beta-turns that could both nucleate helices and place them in close juxtaposition for possible interhelical interaction. To promote the targeted triple-helix bundle to condense as a globular protein, an amphipathic sequence pattern was adopted for possible hydrophobic interhelical interaction. A predominantly helicogenic 22-mer amphipathic peptide was thus designed, punctuating it with composite type II'-III and type II-Asx type beta-turns as the helix nucleators cum chain reversal elements. The peptide made by solid-phase synthesis was shown by NMR and CD to be a nascent and distorted triple-helix bundle in a trifluoroethanol (TFE)-water mixture, but more or less a random coil in water. A fold nucleation effect is evident in the TFE-water mixture, but apparently the hydrophobic effect cannot sustain the peptide conformational order in water. A lack of synergy between folding nucleation and hydrophobic condensation of the peptide is possible. Indeed, a mismatch between the sequential H,P pattern of the peptide and its nascent-type globular fold in a TFE-water mixture is evident based on a simulated annealing study guided by NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mohanraja
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai-400 076, India
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Kligerman AD, Doerr CL, Tennant AH, Harrington-Brock K, Allen JW, Winkfield E, Poorman-Allen P, Kundu B, Funasaka K, Roop BC, Mass MJ, DeMarini DM. Methylated trivalent arsenicals as candidate ultimate genotoxic forms of arsenic: induction of chromosomal mutations but not gene mutations. Environ Mol Mutagen 2003; 42:192-205. [PMID: 14556226 DOI: 10.1002/em.10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a prevalent human carcinogen whose mutagenicity has not been characterized fully. Exposure to either form of inorganic arsenic, As(III) or As(V), can result in the formation of at least four organic metabolites: monomethylarsonic acid, monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)), dimethylarsinic acid, and dimethylarsinous acid (DMA(III)). The methylated trivalent species, as well as some of the other species, have not been evaluated previously for the induction of chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), or toxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes; for mutagenicity in L5178Y/Tk(+/-) mouse lymphoma cells or in the Salmonella reversion assay; or for prophage-induction in Escherichia coli. Here we evaluated the arsenicals in these assays and found that MMA(III) and DMA(III) were the most potent clastogens of the six arsenicals in human lymphocytes and the most potent mutagens of the six arsenicals at the Tk(+/-) locus in mouse lymphoma cells. The dimethylated arsenicals were also spindle poisons, suggesting that they may be ultimate forms of arsenic that induce aneuploidy. Although the arsenicals were potent clastogens, none were potent SCE inducers, similar to clastogens that act via reactive oxygen species. None of the six arsenicals were gene mutagens in Salmonella TA98, TA100, or TA104; and neither MMA(III) nor DMA(III) induced prophage. Our results show that both methylated As(V) compounds were less cytotoxic and genotoxic than As(V), whereas both methylated As(III) compounds were more cytotoxic and genotoxic than As(III). Our data support the view that MMA(III) and DMA(III) are candidate ultimate genotoxic forms of arsenic and that they are clastogens and not gene mutagens. We suggest that the clastogenicity of the other arsenicals is due to their metabolism by cells to MMA(III) or DMA(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Kligerman
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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Kundu B, Rastogi SK, Ahmad R, Srivastava AK. Identification of novel alpha-glucosidase inhibitors by screening libraries based on N- [4-(benzyloxy) benzoyl] alanine derivatives. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2002; 5:545-50. [PMID: 12470267 DOI: 10.2174/1386207023330020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A library of 72 compounds related to N- [4-(benzyloxy) benzoyl]alanine (I) was synthesized, prepared and screened for alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Four compounds showed potent inhibition, six compounds moderate inhibition, and 16 were weak inhibitors. One compound, N- [4-(benzyloxy) benzoyl] serine, was found to be a potent inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase with 100% inhibition at 1 micro M. This inhibitor was at least five times more potent than the lead compound I.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Divisions of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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Batra S, Srinivasan T, Rastogi S, Kundu B, Patra A, Bhaduri A, Dixit M. Corrigendum to “Combinatorial Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Isoxazole-Based Libraries as Antithrombotic Agents”[Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 12 (2002) 1905]†. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Srinivasan T, Srivastava GK, Pathak A, Batra S, Raj K, Singh K, Puri SK, Kundu B. Solid-phase synthesis and bioevaluation of Lupeol-based libraries as antimalarial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2803-6. [PMID: 12270150 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of the triterpenoid lupeol as a scaffold for the synthesis of lupeol-based libraries is described. Lupeol was anchored to a solid support (Rink amide/Sieber Amide) through aliphatic dicarboxylic acid moieties, which also served as a site for introducing diversity. The resulting polymer linked 3beta-O (resin-alkanoyl)-lup-20(29)-ene 3 was used to generate key intermediates 3beta-O (resin-alkanoyl)-30-bromo-lup-20(29)-ene 4 and 3beta-O (resin-alkanoyl)-30-amino-lup-20(29)-ene 6 for the generation of libraries based on disubstituted lupeol derivatives. A 96-member library was screened for its in-vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Srinivasan
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Rastogi SK, Gupta P, Srinivasan T, Kundu B. Combinatorial synthesis of unsymmetrical secondary amines. Application to arylethanolamines, arylpropanolamines and aryloxypropanolamines. Mol Divers 2002; 5:91-104. [PMID: 11865649 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013884926081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Combinatorial libraries of unsymmetrical secondary amines: arylethanolamine, arylpropanolamines and aryloxypropanolamines [1], in particular have been synthesized by four different routes using styrenes, aldehydes, hydroxyaromatic acids and bromoaliphatic acids. The structurally diverse libraries were generated in parallel format using solid phase methodology. The compounds corresponding to prototype I-IV were obtained in high yields and purities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Rastogi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Batra S, Srinivasan T, Rastogi SK, Kundu B, Patra A, Bhaduri AP, Dixit M. Combinatorial synthesis and biological evaluation of isoxazole-based libraries as antithrombotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1905-8. [PMID: 12113805 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 3-substituted phenyl-5-isoxazolecarboxaldehydes have been identified as activated aldehydes for the generation of isoxazole-based combinatorial libraries on solid phase through automation. Three highly functionalized isoxazole-based libraries comprising of 32, 96 and 45 compounds each have been synthesized in parallel format using Baylis Hillman reaction, Michael addition, reductive amination and alkylation reactions. With an objective of lead generation all the three libraries were evaluated for their antithrombin activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batra
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Kundu B, Srinivasan T, Kesarwani AP, Kavishwar A, Raghuwanshi SK, Batra S, Shukla PK. Identification of novel antifungal nonapeptides through the screening of combinatorial peptide libraries based on a hexapeptide motif. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1473-6. [PMID: 12031322 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four sets of mixture based nonapeptide libraries derived from an antifungal hexapeptide pharmacophore Arg-D-Trp-D-Phe-Ile-D-Phe-His-NH(2) (II) have been synthesized. The three C-terminal positions 7, 8 and 9 were subject to randomization using 19 genetically coded amino acids. They were then screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans in order to quantify inhibition at each step of the nonapeptide sublibrary deconvolution. The studies led to the identification of several novel nonapeptides with potent antifungal activity. Two of the nonapeptides exhibited approximately 17-fold increase in the activity in comparison to the lead hexapeptide motif His-D-Trp-D-Phe-Phe-D-Phe-Lys-NH(2) (I) against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India.
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Pathak A, Singh SK, Biabani MAF, Kulshreshtha DK, Puri SK, Srivastava S, Kundu B. Synthesis of combinatorial libraries based on terpenoid scaffolds. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2002; 5:241-8. [PMID: 11966432 DOI: 10.2174/1386207024607275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoid-based scaffolds betulinic acid (1a) and ursolic acid (1b), have been used for the generation of combinatorial libraries in parallel format using solid phase organic synthesis method. These templates have the potential for the synthesis and amplification of triterpenoid-based compounds with one and two-point diversity. This has been demonstrated by the synthesis of two small libraries comprising 18 derivatives each of betulinic acid and ursolic acid with structural diversity at C-3 and C-28 positions. The primary screening of antimalarial activity of these libraries against P. falciparum in vitro led to the identification of four compounds with 5 fold increase in the activity compared to betulinic and ursolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pathak
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001, India
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Abstract
Potent enzyme inhibitors have long been recognized as powerful tools for assessing the physiological roles of enzymes and have led to the therapeutic drugs able to modulate their activities in vivo. However, to be valuable tools such inhibitors should be selective so that they do not interfere with other members of the particular enzyme family. Combinatorial chemistry has proven to be a novel approach for the identification of molecules with a desired selectivity profile from the libraries of several million compounds. In recent years it has been extensively used in conjunction with computational methods for the development of potent inhibitors of therapeutically interesting targets. This review describes the various structurally diverse enzyme inhibitors identified by screening combinatorial libraries of peptides and small organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Batra
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, Lucknow, India
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Mondal A, Kundu B, Kundu R, Bhattacharya MK. Multifocal giant cell tumour of bone in a skeletally immature patient--a case report. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2001; 44:479-81. [PMID: 12035373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumor of bone is usually seen in adults affecting a single bone. Multiple giant cell tumour of bone occurring in skeletally immature patients is extremely rare. Multifocal giant cell tumor of bone in a ten year old boy involving upper end of humerus and tibia is being reported for its extreme paucity in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mondal
- Department of Cytology & Histopathology, SVS Marwari Hospital and Cancer Detection Centre, Kolkata
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Singh R, Nath A, Gupta PP, Shukla M, Khare SK, Kundu B. Antiallergic/antiasthmatic effect of novel antiallergic hexapeptide-95/220 in various experimental models. Indian J Exp Biol 2001; 39:871-7. [PMID: 11831367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of newly synthesized antiallergic hexapeptide 95/220 was investigated on various allergic and asthmatic test models. This newly developed peptide was found to be more potent than clinically used drug disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). Hexapeptide 95/220 inhibited immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and mast cell degranulation in rats, antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in actively sensitized guinea pigs in dose dependent manner like DSCG. Antigen-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum was also markedly inhibited by this newly developed hexapeptide in the same fashion as ketotifen and DSCG did but at comparatively lower dose. Egg albumin-induced histamine release was also blocked by this hexapeptide from chopped lung tissues of sensitized guinea pigs. These results suggest that hexapeptide' 95/220 has potent inhibitory effect on immediate hypersensitivity reactions thereby inhibiting mediator release from mast cell. Moreover, this newly synthesized peptide is orally active and effective at lower doses as compared to standard drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Tripathi RP, Rastogi SK, Kundu B, Saxena JK, Reddy VJ, Srivastava S, Chandra S, Bhaduri AP. Identification of Inhibitors of DNA Topoisomerase II from a Synthetic Library of Glycoconjugates. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2001; 4:237-44. [PMID: 11375739 DOI: 10.2174/1386207013331084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A library of 24 glycoconjugates related to glycosylated beta-amino acid derivative (I) was been prepared and screened against DNA topoisomerase-II of the filarial parasite S. cervi. Among these, compound 6 was found to be a potent inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase-II with 95% inhibition at 1.09 microM. Furthermore, compound 6 was at least three times more potent than the lead compound, glycosylated beta-amino acid derivative I.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Tripathi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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Kundu B, Rastogi SK, Batra S, Raghuwanshi SK, Shukla PK. Combinatorial approach to lead optimization of a novel hexapeptide with antifungal activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1779-81. [PMID: 10969966 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three sets of sublibraries of an antifungal lead peptide His-D-Trp-D-Phe-Phe-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 (I) have been prepared by introducing variations at positions 1, 4 and 6. They were screened for their antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans in order to quantify inhibition at each step of the hexapeptide sublibrary iteration. The studies led to the identification of Arg-D-Trp-D-Phe-Ile-D-Phe-His-NH2 as a novel hexapeptide with potent antifungal activity against both C. albicans and C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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39
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Kundu B, Puri A, Singh G, Sahai R, Tripathi LM, Srivastava VM. Immunomodulatory activity of hexapeptides related to proline rich peptide from colostrum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1181-3. [PMID: 10866376 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Twelve analogues of an immunomodulatory hexapeptide YVPGFP (I) derived from Proline rich peptide (from colostrum) have been synthesized with modifications at positions 2, 4 and 6. In MLR assay one of the analogues exhibited approx 50% inhibition at 0.1 microg/mL concentration in contrast to prednisolone and I which caused around 70 and 20% suppression respectively, at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Association-seeking surfaces on partially structured polypeptides can participate in interactions that are either intramolecular (folding related) or intermolecular (aggregative). During heat shock, intermolecular associations leading to aggregation are prevented through the binding of such surfaces by chaperones of the Hsp20 family (with Hsp70 later effecting release and refolding). Here we report that the hydrophobic dye, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS), mimics the function of the chaperones in its interactions with molten carbonic anhydrase (CA). At 150-fold molar excess of dye over protein, heat-induced aggregation of CA is almost completely inhibited by binding of ANS to solvent-exposed clusters of nonpolar residues. After exposure of ANS-containing protein solutions to temperatures as high as 95 degrees C, refolded CA can be recovered through cooling and dialysis, with no accompanying aggregation. This apparent mimicking of chaperone activity by a small dye opens up new approaches to understanding and manipulating protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Protein Science & Engineering, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Kundu B, Khare SK. Recent advances in immunosuppressants. Prog Drug Res 1999; 52:1-51. [PMID: 10396125 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8730-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a large number of structurally diverse immunosuppressants have been discovered that are effective for the treatment of organ transplantation. Some of them are undergoing clinical trials and may soon enter into routine clinical practice. These compounds are either chemical entities obtained from natural sources/synthetic means or biomaterials such as monoclonal antibodies/gene products/proteins. They have been found to interfere at different stages of T cell activation and proliferation, and can be identified as inhibitors of nucleotide synthesis, growth factor signal transduction and differentiation. Newer strategies involving combination of new agents with traditional immunosuppressants, monoclonal antibodies and gene therapy offer enormous potential, not only for the investigation of mechanisms pertaining to graft rejection, but also for its therapeutic prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Division of Biopolymers, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Kundu B, Khare SK, Rastogi SK. Combinatorial chemistry: Polymer supported synthesis of peptide and non-peptide libraries. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH 1999; 53:89-156. [PMID: 10616297 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8735-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, combinatorial chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for accelerating drug discovery. While industry is rapidly embracing the technology, researchers continue to develop novel library methods including resins, linkers, tagging and deconvolution techniques. Newer strategies involving computer-customized combinatorial libraries offer enormous potential for the design of more "focused" and "smart" chemical libraries with maximal diversity. In addition, miniaturized systems for synthesizing chemical libraries are also being developed, which has made it possible to carry out reactions at submicroliter volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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43
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disorder characterized by reduced bone mineral density, deterioration of the microarchitecture of bone tissue and increased risk of fracture. The aim of treatment of osteoporosis is to maintain and, ideally, to restore bone strength safely. In recent years the role of polypeptide growth factors in bone metabolism has begun to appear. It has been proposed that alterations in the expression or production of growth factor can modulate the proliferation and activity of bone forming cells. In this direction, the role of structurally diverse peptides for the management and diagnosis of osteoporosis has attracted the attention of many investigators. This paper reviews numerous findings concerning the use of polypeptides, hormones, and growth factors, for the management of osteoporosis. Many of the compounds mentioned here are experimental prototypes of new therapeutic classes. Though it is unlikely that some of the compounds may ever be used clinically, development of safe and efficacious agents in each class will define the future course of therapy for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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44
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Kundu B, Bauser M, Betschinger J, Kraas W, Jung G. Identification of a potent analogue of Nazumamide A through iteration of combinatorial tetrapeptide libraries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1669-72. [PMID: 9873411 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00281-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Five sets of N-acylated tetrapeptide libraries and sublibraries related to Nazumamide A have been prepared using 25 natural and unnatural amino acids. They were evaluated in antithrombin assay, in order to quantify inhibition at each step of the tetrapeptide sublibrary iteration. The studies led to the identification of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoyl-lysyl-isoleucyl-phenylalanyl-arginine as a novel inhibitor of thrombin and was found to be at least 25 times more potent than the natural tetrapeptide 2,5-dihydroxybenzoyl-arginyl-prolyl-isoleucyl-alpha-aminobutyric acid (NAZA).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kundu
- Division of Biopolymers, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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45
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Abstract
In spite of continuous research in the field of bronchial asthma, still no satisfactory drug is available. Recently a new class of oligopeptide exhibited antiallergic activity by inhibiting the synthesis of IgE antibody. The analogue of ADSDGK (94-335) has shown antiallergic activity in experimental models. The 94-335 inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions in rats in a dose-dependent manner (0.5-10 mg kg-1 p.o.) by 47-90%. There was a 70-87% protection of mast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80 with peptide 94-335 at 0.5-1.5 mg kg-1 p.o. in rats. This peptide also inhibited antigen- induced contraction in sensitised guinea pig ileum. There was 18 and 72% protection to bronchoconstriction induced by histamine and egg albumin, respectively, in an aerosol test in guinea pigs. These effects of compound 94-335 were comparable with that of the clinically-used antiallergic drug disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). The results suggest that peptide 94-335 possesses potent antiallergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Division of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
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46
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Kundu B, Khare S. Antiallergic oligopeptides: Therapeutic potential of peptides in type I allergy. DRUG FUTURE 1998. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.1998.023.07.858361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Harris SJ, Arambula-Cosio F, Mei Q, Hibberd RD, Davies BL, Wickham JE, Nathan MS, Kundu B. The Probot--an active robot for prostate resection. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 1997; 211:317-25. [PMID: 9330543 DOI: 10.1243/0954411971534449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As men age, their prostates can enlarge, causing urinary difficulty. Surgery to correct this [transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)] is a skilled and time-consuming operation requiring many repetitive motions of a cutter. A robot has been developed to perform these motions, relieving the surgeon of much of the burden of surgery. This robot has been tried both in the laboratory and later on human subjects and has proved itself capable of performing prostate resection. The Probot system consists of on-line imaging and three-dimensional prostate model construction, an appropriate surgeon-computer interface, a counterbalanced mounting frame and a computer controlled robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Harris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London
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48
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Sahai R, Puri A, Saxena RP, Saran R, Haq W, Kundu B, Mathur KB. Synthesis and immunostimulant activity of novel analogs of human casein fragment (54-59). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1996; 18:511-28. [PMID: 8933167 DOI: 10.3109/08923979609052751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Structural analogs of the hexapeptide sequence 54-59 (A) human casein, reported to stimulate immune response, were synthesized and evaluated for immunostimulant activity. Hexapeptide 91/409 (C), 90/649 (D) and 91/361 (E) stimulated higher antibody titre and delayed type of hyper-sensitivity (DTH) response than the natural casein hexapeptide in BALB/c mice-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and guinea pig-ovalbumin models. These peptides also induced higher stimulation of non-specific immune response as evidenced by increase in macrophage migration index (MMI), phagocytosis of (14C) lecuine labelled Escherchia coli, incorporation of (14C)-glucosamine in peritoneal macrophages and proliferative response of mouse thymocytes. Significant suppression on the course of Plasmodium berghei infection was also observed on day 4, in the animals treated with hexapeptidse C and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sahai
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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49
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Sharma P, Anuradha, Sharan R, Haq W, Kundu B, Katiyar J, Mathur K. Stimulation of Non-Specific Resistance by Human Casein Fragment (54-59) and its Synthetic Analogues against Leishmania Donovani Infection+. Protein Pept Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.2174/092986650304220615155913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The prophylactic effect of human β casein fragment (54-59) and its synthetic congeners has been studied against L. donovani infection in hamsters. Maximum parasite inhibition (84%) was observed with compound 4. The activity of this compound was further confirmed in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Sharma
- Divisions of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow-226 001, India
| | - Anuradha
- Divisions of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow-226 001, India
| | - R. Sharan
- Divisions of Biopolymers , Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow-226 001, India
| | - W. Haq
- Divisions of Biopolymers , Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow-226 001, India
| | - B. Kundu
- Divisions of Biopolymers , Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow-226 001, India
| | - J.C. Katiyar
- Divisions of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow-226 001, India
| | - K.B. Mathur
- Divisions of Biopolymers , Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box 173, Lucknow-226 001, India
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50
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Sakai R, Rinehart KL, Kishore V, Kundu B, Faircloth G, Gloer JB, Carney JR, Namikoshi M, Sun F, Hughes RG, García Grávalos D, de Quesada TG, Wilson GR, Heid RM. Structure--activity relationships of the didemnins. J Med Chem 1996; 39:2819-34. [PMID: 8709112 DOI: 10.1021/jm960048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivities of 42 didemnin congeners, either isolated from the marine tunicates Trididemnun solidum and Aplidium albicans or prepared synthetically and semisynthetically, have been compared. The growth inhibition of various murine and human tumor cells and plaque reduction of HSV-1 and VSV grown on cultured mammalian cells were used to assess cytotoxicity and antiviral activity. Biochemical assays for macromolecular synthesis (protein, DNA, and RNA) and enzyme inhibition (dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthase, DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and topoisomerases I and II) were also performed to specify the mechanisms of action of each analogue. Immunosuppressive activity of the didemnins was determined using a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay. These assays revealed that the native cyclic depsipeptide core is an essential structural requirement for most of the bioactivites of the didemnins, especially for cytotoxicities and antiviral activities. The linear side-chain portion of the peptide can be altered with a gain, in some cases, of bioactivities. In particular, dehydrodidemnin B, tested against several types of tumor cells and in in vivo studies in mice, as well as didemnin M, tested for the mixed lymphocyte reaction and graft vs host reaction in murine systems, showed remarkable gains in their in vitro and in vivo activities compared to didemnin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakai
- Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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