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Iliev P, Jaworski C, Wängler C, Wängler B, Page BDG, Schirrmacher R, Bailey JJ. Type II & III inhibitors of tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk): a 2020-2022 patent update. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024. [PMID: 38785069 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2358818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Trk family proteins are membrane-bound kinases predominantly expressed in neuronal tissues. Activated by neurotrophins, they regulate critical cellular processes through downstream signaling pathways. Dysregulation of Trk signaling can drive a range of diseases, making the design and study of Trk inhibitors a vital area of research. This review explores recent advances in the development of type II and III Trk inhibitors, with implications for various therapeutic applications. AREAS COVERED Patents covering type II and III inhibitors targeting the Trk family are discussed as a complement of the previous review, Type I inhibitors of tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk): a 2020-2022 patent update. Relevant patents were identified using the Web of Science database, Google, and Google Patents. EXPERT OPINION While type II and III Trk inhibitor development has advanced more gradually compared to their type I counterparts, they hold significant promise in overcoming resistance mutations and achieving enhanced subtype selectivity - a critical factor in reducing adverse effects associated with pan-Trk inhibition. Recent interdisciplinary endeavors have marked substantial progress in the design of subtype selective Trk inhibitors, with impressive success heralded by the type III inhibitors. Notably, the emergence of mutant-selective Trk inhibitors introduces an intriguing dimension to the field, offering precise treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Iliev
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Carmen Wängler
- Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Björn Wängler
- Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Department of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Brent D G Page
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Qian J, Ma Y, Tahaney WM, Moyer CL, Lanier A, Hill J, Coleman D, Koupaei N, Hilsenbeck SG, Savage MI, Page BDG, Mazumdar A, Brown PH. Correction: The novel phosphatase NUDT5 is a critical regulator of triple-negative breast cancer growth. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:53. [PMID: 38532428 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William M Tahaney
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Boston, USA
| | - Cassandra L Moyer
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Lanier
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jamal Hill
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Darian Coleman
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Negar Koupaei
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle I Savage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brent D G Page
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Prout-Holm RA, van Walstijn CC, Hitsman A, Rowley MJ, Olsen JE, Page BDG, Frankel A. Investigating Protein Binding with the Isothermal Ligand-induced Resolubilization Assay. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300773. [PMID: 38266114 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Target engagement assays typically detect and quantify the direct physical interaction of a protein of interest and its ligand through stability changes upon ligand binding. Commonly used target engagement methods detect ligand-induced stability by subjecting samples to thermal or proteolytic stress. Here we describe a new variation to these approaches called Isothermal Ligand-induced Resolubilization Assay (ILIRA), which utilizes lyotropic solubility stress to measure ligand binding through changes in target protein solubility. We identified distinct buffer systems and salt concentrations that compromised protein solubility for four diverse proteins: dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 5 (NUDT5), poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1), and protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1). Ligand-induced solubility rescue was demonstrated for these proteins, suggesting that ILIRA can be used as an additional target engagement technique. Differences in ligand-induced protein solubility were assessed by Coomassie blue staining for SDS-PAGE and dot blot, as well as by NanoOrange, Thioflavin T, and Proteostat fluorescence, thus offering flexibility for readout and assay throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A Prout-Holm
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cerissa C van Walstijn
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alana Hitsman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael J Rowley
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jonas E Olsen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brent D G Page
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Adam Frankel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Qian J, Ma Y, Tahaney WM, Moyer CL, Lanier A, Hill J, Coleman D, Koupaei N, Hilsenbeck SG, Savage MI, Page BDG, Mazumdar A, Brown PH. The novel phosphatase NUDT5 is a critical regulator of triple-negative breast cancer growth. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:23. [PMID: 38317231 PMCID: PMC10845800 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most aggressive form of breast cancer is triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), and does not have overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Treatment options for women with TNBC tumors are limited, unlike those with ER-positive tumors that can be treated with hormone therapy, or those with HER2-positive tumors that can be treated with anti-HER2 therapy. Therefore, we have sought to identify novel targeted therapies for TNBC. In this study, we investigated the potential of a novel phosphatase, NUDT5, as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC. METHODS The mRNA expression levels of NUDT5 in breast cancers were investigated using TCGA and METABRIC (Curtis) datasets. NUDT5 ablation was achieved through siRNA targeting and NUDT5 inhibition with the small molecule inhibitor TH5427. Xenograft TNBC animal models were employed to assess the effect of NUDT5 inhibition on in vivo tumor growth. Proliferation, death, and DNA replication assays were conducted to investigate the cellular biological effects of NUDT5 loss or inhibition. The accumulation of 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG) and the induction of γH2AX after NUDT5 loss was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The impact of NUDT5 loss on replication fork was assessed by measuring DNA fiber length. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated the significant role of an overexpressed phosphatase, NUDT5, in regulating oxidative DNA damage in TNBCs. Our findings indicate that loss of NUDT5 results in suppressed growth of TNBC both in vitro and in vivo. This growth inhibition is not attributed to cell death, but rather to the suppression of proliferation. The loss or inhibition of NUDT5 led to an increase in the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxoG, and triggered the DNA damage response in the nucleus. The interference with DNA replication ultimately inhibited proliferation. CONCLUSIONS NUDT5 plays a crucial role in preventing oxidative DNA damage in TNBC cells. The loss or inhibition of NUDT5 significantly suppresses the growth of TNBCs. These biological and mechanistic studies provide the groundwork for future research and the potential development of NUDT5 inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qian
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William M Tahaney
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Boston, USA
| | - Cassandra L Moyer
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Lanier
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jamal Hill
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Darian Coleman
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Negar Koupaei
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle I Savage
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brent D G Page
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Abhijit Mazumdar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Powel H Brown
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Brown JI, Persaud R, Iliev P, Karmacharya U, Attarha S, Sahile H, Olsen JE, Hanke D, Idowu T, Frank DA, Frankel A, Williams KC, Page BDG. Investigating the anti-cancer potential of pyrimethamine analogues through a modern chemical biology lens. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115971. [PMID: 38071795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an established approach for treating a variety of human diseases, including foreign infections and cancer. However, treatment with classic DHFR inhibitors, such as methotrexate (MTX), are associated with negative side-effects and resistance mechanisms that have prompted the search for alternatives. The DHFR inhibitor pyrimethamine (Pyr) has compelling anti-cancer activity in in vivo models, but lacks potency compared to MTX, thereby requiring higher concentrations to induce therapeutic responses. The purpose of this work was to investigate structural analogues of Pyr to improve its in vitro and cellular activity. A series of 36 Pyr analogues were synthesized and tested in a sequence of in vitro and cell-based assays to monitor their DHFR inhibitory activity, cellular target engagement, and impact on breast cancer cell viability. Ten top compounds were identified, two of which stood out as potential lead candidates, 32 and 34. These functionalized Pyr analogues potently engaged DHFR in cells, at concentrations as low as 1 nM and represent promising DHFR inhibitors that could be further explored as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer I Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rosanne Persaud
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Petar Iliev
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ujjwala Karmacharya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sanaz Attarha
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henok Sahile
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jonas E Olsen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Danielle Hanke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Temilolu Idowu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Adam Frankel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karla C Williams
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brent D G Page
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Brown JI, Wang P, Wong AYL, Petrova B, Persaud R, Soukhtehzari S, Lopez McDonald M, Hanke D, Christensen J, Iliev P, Wang W, Everton DK, Williams KC, Frank DA, Kanarek N, Page BDG. Cycloguanil and Analogues Potently Target DHFR in Cancer Cells to Elicit Anti-Cancer Activity. Metabolites 2023; 13:151. [PMID: 36837770 PMCID: PMC9961069 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an established anti-cancer drug target whose inhibition disrupts folate metabolism and STAT3-dependent gene expression. Cycloguanil was proposed as a DHFR inhibitor in the 1950s and is the active metabolite of clinically approved plasmodium DHFR inhibitor Proguanil. The Cycloguanil scaffold was explored to generate potential cancer therapies in the 1970s. Herein, current computational and chemical biology techniques were employed to re-investigate the anti-cancer activity of Cycloguanil and related compounds. In silico modeling was employed to identify promising Cycloguanil analogues from NCI databases, which were cross-referenced with NCI-60 Human Tumor Cell Line Screening data. Using target engagement assays, it was found that these compounds engage DHFR in cells at sub-nanomolar concentrations; however, growth impairments were not observed until higher concentrations. Folinic acid treatment rescues the viability impairments induced by some, but not all, Cycloguanil analogues, suggesting these compounds may have additional targets. Cycloguanil and its most promising analogue, NSC127159, induced similar metabolite profiles compared to established DHFR inhibitors Methotrexate and Pyrimethamine while also blocking downstream signaling, including STAT3 transcriptional activity. These data confirm that Cycloguanil and its analogues are potent inhibitors of human DHFR, and their anti-cancer activity may be worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer I. Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Y. L. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosanne Persaud
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sepideh Soukhtehzari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Danielle Hanke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Josephine Christensen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Petar Iliev
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel K. Everton
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karla C. Williams
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - David A. Frank
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Iliev P, Hanke D, Page BDG. STAT Protein Thermal Shift Assays to Monitor Protein-Inhibitor Interactions. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200039. [PMID: 35698729 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 protein is a sought-after drug target as it plays a key role in the progression of cancer. Many STAT3 inhibitors (STAT3i) have been reported, but accumulating evidence suggests many of these act as off-target/indirect inhibitors of STAT signaling. Herein, we describe the STAT protein thermal shift assay (PTSA) as a novel target engagement tool, which we used to test the binding of known STAT3i to STAT3 and STAT1. This revealed STATTIC, BP-1-102, and Cpd188 destabilized both STATs and produced unique migratory patterns on SDS-PAGE gels, suggesting covalent protein modifications. Mass spectrometry experiments confirmed these compounds are nonspecifically alkylating STATs, as well as an unrelated protein, NUDT5. These experiments have highlighted the benefits of PTSA to investigate interactions with STAT proteins and helped reveal novel reactivity of Cpd188. The described PTSA represents a promising chemical biology tool that could be applied to an array of other protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Iliev
- The University of British Columbia, Pharmaceutical Sciences, CANADA
| | - Danielle Hanke
- The University of British Columbia, Pharmaceutical Sciences, CANADA
| | - Brent D G Page
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, V6T1Z3, Vancouver, CANADA
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Heppler LN, Attarha S, Persaud R, Brown JI, Wang P, Petrova B, Tošić I, Burton FB, Flamand Y, Walker SR, Yeh JE, Zubarev RA, Gaetani M, Kanarek N, Page BDG, Frank DA. The antimicrobial drug pyrimethamine inhibits STAT3 transcriptional activity by targeting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101531. [PMID: 34953855 PMCID: PMC8800111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is often characterized by aberrant gene expression patterns caused by the inappropriate activation of transcription factors. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcriptional regulator of many protumorigenic processes and is persistently activated in many types of human cancer. However, like many transcription factors, STAT3 has proven difficult to target clinically. To address this unmet clinical need, we previously developed a cell-based assay of STAT3 transcriptional activity and performed an unbiased and high-throughput screen of small molecules known to be biologically active in humans. We identified the antimicrobial drug pyrimethamine as a novel and specific inhibitor of STAT3 transcriptional activity. Here, we show that pyrimethamine does not significantly affect STAT3 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, or DNA binding at concentrations sufficient to inhibit STAT3 transcriptional activity, suggesting a potentially novel mechanism of inhibition. To identify the direct molecular target of pyrimethamine and further elucidate the mechanism of action, we used a new quantitative proteome profiling approach called proteome integral solubility alteration coupled with a metabolomic analysis. We identified human dihydrofolate reductase as a target of pyrimethamine and demonstrated that the STAT3-inhibitory effects of pyrimethamine are the result of a deficiency in reduced folate downstream of dihydrofolate reductase inhibition, implicating folate metabolism in the regulation of STAT3 transcriptional activity. This study reveals a previously unknown regulatory node of the STAT3 pathway that may be important for the development of novel strategies to treat STAT3-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Heppler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanaz Attarha
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosanne Persaud
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer I Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boryana Petrova
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isidora Tošić
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Foster B Burton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yael Flamand
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber-Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah R Walker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E Yeh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Chemical Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Massimiliano Gaetani
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Chemical Proteomics, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naama Kanarek
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brent D G Page
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David A Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Pons M, Zeyn Y, Zahn S, Mahendrarajah N, Page BDG, Gunning PT, Moriggl R, Brenner W, Butter F, Krämer OH. Oncogenic Kinase Cascades Induce Molecular Mechanisms That Protect Leukemic Cell Models from Lethal Effects of De Novo dNTP Synthesis Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3464. [PMID: 34298678 PMCID: PMC8304262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea suppresses de novo dNTP synthesis and attenuates the hyperproliferation of leukemic blasts. Mechanisms that determine whether cells undergo apoptosis in response to hydroxyurea are ill-defined. We used unbiased proteomics to uncover which pathways control the transition of the hydroxyurea-induced replication stress into an apoptotic program in chronic and acute myeloid leukemia cells. We noted a decrease in the serine/threonine kinase RAF1/c-RAF in cells that undergo apoptosis in response to clinically relevant doses of hydroxyurea. Using the RAF inhibitor LY3009120, we show that RAF activity determines the sensitivity of leukemic cells toward hydroxyurea. We further disclose that pharmacological inhibition of the RAF downstream target BCL-XL with the drug navitoclax and RNAi combine favorably with hydroxyurea against leukemic cells. BCR-ABL1 and hyperactive FLT3 are tyrosine kinases that causally contribute to the development of leukemia and induce RAF1 and BCL-XL. Accordingly, the ABL inhibitor imatinib and the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib sensitize leukemic cells to pro-apoptotic effects of hydroxyurea. Moreover, hydroxyurea and navitoclax kill leukemic cells with mutant FLT3 that are resistant to quizartinib. These data reveal cellular susceptibility factors toward hydroxyurea and how they can be exploited to eliminate difficult-to-treat leukemic cells with clinically relevant drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pons
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Yanira Zeyn
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Stella Zahn
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Nisintha Mahendrarajah
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.M.)
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Women’s Health, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Falk Butter
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Oliver H. Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (N.M.)
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10
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Zhang SM, Rehling D, Jemth AS, Throup A, Landázuri N, Almlöf I, Göttmann M, Valerie NCK, Borhade SR, Wakchaure P, Page BDG, Desroses M, Homan EJ, Scobie M, Rudd SG, Berglund UW, Söderberg-Nauclér C, Stenmark P, Helleday T. NUDT15-mediated hydrolysis limits the efficacy of anti-HCMV drug ganciclovir. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1693-1702.e6. [PMID: 34192523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ganciclovir (GCV) is the first-line therapy against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a widespread infection that is particularly dangerous for immunodeficient individuals. Closely resembling deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the tri-phosphorylated metabolite of GCV (GCV-TP) is preferentially incorporated by the viral DNA polymerase, thereby terminating chain extension and, eventually, viral replication. However, the treatment outcome of GCV varies greatly among individuals, therefore warranting better understanding of its metabolism. Here we show that NUDT15, a Nudix hydrolase known to metabolize thiopurine triphosphates, can similarly hydrolyze GCV-TP through biochemical studies and co-crystallization of the NUDT15/GCV-TP complex. More critically, GCV efficacy was potentiated in HCMV-infected cells following NUDT15 depletion by RNAi or inhibition by an in-house-developed, nanomolar NUDT15 inhibitor, TH8321, suggesting that pharmacological targeting of NUDT15 is a possible avenue to improve existing anti-HCMV regimens. Collectively, the data further implicate NUDT15 as a broad-spectrum metabolic regulator of nucleoside analog therapeutics, such as thiopurines and GCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Min Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Rehling
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adam Throup
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Sygnature Discovery Limited, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Natalia Landázuri
- Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; DIS Stockholm, Melodislingan 21, 11551 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Göttmann
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Brain Tumor Translational Targets, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas C K Valerie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sanjay R Borhade
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Red Glead Discovery AB, Scheelevägen 2, 22363 Lund, Sweden
| | - Prasad Wakchaure
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Recipharm OT Chemistry AB, Virdings Alle 16, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brent D G Page
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Matthieu Desroses
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Sprint Bioscience AB, Hälsovägen 7, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Evert J Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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11
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Attarha S, Reithmeier A, Busker S, Desroses M, Page BDG. Validating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Protein-Inhibitor Interactions Using Biochemical and Cellular Thermal Shift Assays. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1842-1851. [PMID: 32412740 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins have important biological functions; however, deregulation of STAT signaling is a driving force behind the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases and cancer. While their biological roles suggest that STAT proteins would be valuable targets for developing therapeutic agents, STAT proteins are notoriously difficult to inhibit using small drug-like molecules, as they do not have a distinct inhibitor binding site. Despite this, a multitude of small-molecule STAT inhibitors have been proposed, primarily focusing on inhibiting STAT3 protein to generate novel cancer therapies. Demonstrating that inhibitors bind to their targets in cells has historically been a very challenging task. With the advent of modern target engagement techniques, such as the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), interactions between experimental compounds and their biological targets can be detected with relative ease. To investigate interactions between STAT proteins and inhibitors, we herein developed STAT CETSAs and evaluated known STAT3 inhibitors for their ability to engage STAT proteins in biological settings. While potent binding was detected between STAT proteins and peptidic STAT inhibitors, small-molecule inhibitors elicited variable responses, most of which failed to stabilize STAT3 proteins in cells and cell lysates. The described STAT thermal stability assays represent valuable tools for evaluating proposed STAT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Attarha
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Karolinska vägen A2:07, Solna 171 64, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Anja Reithmeier
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum A3, Solna 171 65, Sweden
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden (CBCS), Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Sander Busker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, Biomedicum A3, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Desroses
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Karolinska vägen A2:07, Solna 171 64, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65, Karolinska vägen A2:07, Solna 171 64, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23A, Alpha Floor 5, Solna 171 65, Sweden
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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12
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Smith A, Page BDG, Collier AC, Coughtrie MWH. Homology Modeling of Human Uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A6 Reveals Insights into Factors Influencing Substrate and Cosubstrate Binding. ACS Omega 2020; 5:6872-6887. [PMID: 32258923 PMCID: PMC7114752 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of numerous endogenous compounds and xenobiotics via glucuronidation by uridine-5'-diphosphate glycosyltransferase enzymes (UGTs) is an essential process of the body's chemical defense system. UGTs have distinct but overlapping substrate preferences, but the molecular basis for their substrate specificity remains poorly understood. Three-dimensional protein structures can greatly enhance our understanding of the interactions between enzymes and their substrates, but because of the inherent difficulties in purifying and crystallizing integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins, no complete mammalian UGT structure has yet been produced. To address this problem, we have created a homology model of UGT1A6 using I-TASSER to explore, in detail, the interactions of human UGT1A6 with its substrates. Ligands were docked into our model in the presence of the cosubstrate uridine-5'-diphosphate-glucuronic acid, interacting residues were examined, and poses were compared to those cocrystallized with various plant and bacterial glycosyltransferases (GTs). Our model structurally resembles other GTs, and docking experiments replicated many of the expected UGT-substrate interactions. Some bias toward the template structures' protein-substrate interactions and binding preferences was evident.
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13
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Brown JI, Page BDG, Frankel A. The application of differential scanning fluorimetry in exploring bisubstrate binding to protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1. Methods 2020; 175:10-23. [PMID: 31726226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of 9 enzymes that catalyze mono- or di-methylation of arginine residues using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM). Arginine methylation is an important post-translational modification that can regulate the activity and structure of target proteins. Altered PRMT activity can lead to a variety of health issues including neurodevelopmental disease, autoimmune disorders, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, developing a robust mechanistic understanding of PRMT function may provide insight into these various disease states and enable the development of potential therapeutic agents. Although PRMTs have been studied for nearly two decades, a consensus regarding the mechanism of action for this class of enzymes has remained noticeably elusive. To address this shortcoming, differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) was used to gain mechanistic insight into the order of PRMT substrate and cofactor binding. This methodology confirms that PRMT cofactor binding precedes target substrate binding and supports the use of DSF to study bisubstrate enzymatic reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer I Brown
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brent D G Page
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavagen 23A, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Adam Frankel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, Canada.
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14
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Kolosenko I, Yu Y, Busker S, Dyczynski M, Liu J, Haraldsson M, Palm Apergi C, Helleday T, Tamm KP, Page BDG, Grander D. Identification of novel small molecules that inhibit STAT3-dependent transcription and function. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28636670 PMCID: PMC5479526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) has been linked to several processes that are critical for oncogenic transformation, cancer progression, cancer cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance and metastasis. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling has shown a striking ability to inhibit cancer cell growth and therefore, STAT3 has become a promising target for anti-cancer drug development. The aim of this study was to identify novel inhibitors of STAT-dependent gene transcription. A cellular reporter-based system for monitoring STAT3 transcriptional activity was developed which was suitable for high-throughput screening (Z’ = 0,8). This system was used to screen a library of 28,000 compounds (the ENAMINE Drug-Like Diversity Set). Following counter-screenings and toxicity studies, we identified four hit compounds that were subjected to detailed biological characterization. Of the four hits, KI16 stood out as the most promising compound, inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity in response to IL6 stimulation. In silico docking studies showed that KI16 had favorable interactions with the STAT3 SH2 domain, however, no inhibitory activity could be observed in the STAT3 fluorescence polarization assay. KI16 inhibited cell viability preferentially in STAT3-dependent cell lines. Taken together, using a targeted, cell-based approach, novel inhibitors of STAT-driven transcriptional activity were discovered which are interesting leads to pursue further for the development of anti-cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kolosenko
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (IK); (DG)
| | - Yasmin Yu
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sander Busker
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matheus Dyczynski
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Karolinska High-Throughput Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Functional Genomics, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Haraldsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Palm Apergi
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Pokrovskaja Tamm
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Grander
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (IK); (DG)
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15
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Herold N, Rudd SG, Ljungblad L, Sanjiv K, Myrberg IH, Paulin CBJ, Heshmati Y, Hagenkort A, Kutzner J, Page BDG, Calderón-Montaño JM, Loseva O, Jemth AS, Bulli L, Axelsson H, Tesi B, Valerie NCK, Höglund A, Bladh J, Wiita E, Sundin M, Uhlin M, Rassidakis G, Heyman M, Tamm KP, Warpman-Berglund U, Walfridsson J, Lehmann S, Grandér D, Lundbäck T, Kogner P, Henter JI, Helleday T, Schaller T. Targeting SAMHD1 with the Vpx protein to improve cytarabine therapy for hematological malignancies. Nat Med 2017; 23:256-263. [PMID: 28067901 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytostatic deoxycytidine analog cytarabine (ara-C) is the most active agent available against acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Together with anthracyclines, ara-C forms the backbone of AML treatment for children and adults. In AML, both the cytotoxicity of ara-C in vitro and the clinical response to ara-C therapy are correlated with the ability of AML blasts to accumulate the active metabolite ara-C triphosphate (ara-CTP), which causes DNA damage through perturbation of DNA synthesis. Differences in expression levels of known transporters or metabolic enzymes relevant to ara-C only partially account for patient-specific differential ara-CTP accumulation in AML blasts and response to ara-C treatment. Here we demonstrate that the deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolase SAM domain and HD domain 1 (SAMHD1) promotes the detoxification of intracellular ara-CTP pools. Recombinant SAMHD1 exhibited ara-CTPase activity in vitro, and cells in which SAMHD1 expression was transiently reduced by treatment with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) protein Vpx were dramatically more sensitive to ara-C-induced cytotoxicity. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of the gene encoding SAMHD1 sensitized cells to ara-C, and this sensitivity could be abrogated by ectopic expression of wild-type (WT), but not dNTPase-deficient, SAMHD1. Mouse models of AML lacking SAMHD1 were hypersensitive to ara-C, and treatment ex vivo with Vpx sensitized primary patient-derived AML blasts to ara-C. Finally, we identified SAMHD1 as a risk factor in cohorts of both pediatric and adult patients with de novo AML who received ara-C treatment. Thus, SAMHD1 expression levels dictate patient sensitivity to ara-C, providing proof-of-concept that the targeting of SAMHD1 by Vpx could be an attractive therapeutic strategy for potentiating ara-C efficacy in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Herold
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sean G Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Ljungblad
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Hed Myrberg
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia B J Paulin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaser Heshmati
- Department of Medicine, Center of Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Hagenkort
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juliane Kutzner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brent D G Page
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José M Calderón-Montaño
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Bulli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Axelsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Chemical Biology Consortium, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianca Tesi
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C K Valerie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Bladh
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sundin
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Paediatric Blood Disorders, Immunodeficiency and Stem Cell Transplantation, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Mats Heyman
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ulrika Warpman-Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Walfridsson
- Department of Medicine, Center of Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sören Lehmann
- Department of Medicine, Center of Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan Grandér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Chemical Biology Consortium, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Inge Henter
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torsten Schaller
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Valerie NCK, Hagenkort A, Page BDG, Masuyer G, Rehling D, Carter M, Bevc L, Herr P, Homan E, Sheppard NG, Stenmark P, Jemth AS, Helleday T. NUDT15 Hydrolyzes 6-Thio-DeoxyGTP to Mediate the Anticancer Efficacy of 6-Thioguanine. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5501-11. [PMID: 27530327 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiopurines are a standard treatment for childhood leukemia, but like all chemotherapeutics, their use is limited by inherent or acquired resistance in patients. Recently, the nucleoside diphosphate hydrolase NUDT15 has received attention on the basis of its ability to hydrolyze the thiopurine effector metabolites 6-thio-deoxyGTP (6-thio-dGTP) and 6-thio-GTP, thereby limiting the efficacy of thiopurines. In particular, increasing evidence suggests an association between the NUDT15 missense variant, R139C, and thiopurine sensitivity. In this study, we elucidated the role of NUDT15 and NUDT15 R139C in thiopurine metabolism. In vitro and cellular results argued that 6-thio-dGTP and 6-thio-GTP are favored substrates for NUDT15, a finding supported by a crystallographic determination of NUDT15 in complex with 6-thio-GMP. We found that NUDT15 R139C mutation did not affect enzymatic activity but instead negatively influenced protein stability, likely due to a loss of supportive intramolecular bonds that caused rapid proteasomal degradation in cells. Mechanistic investigations in cells indicated that NUDT15 ablation potentiated induction of the DNA damage checkpoint and cancer cell death by 6-thioguanine. Taken together, our results defined how NUDT15 limits thiopurine efficacy and how genetic ablation via the R139C missense mutation confers sensitivity to thiopurine treatment in patients. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5501-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C K Valerie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Hagenkort
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brent D G Page
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey Masuyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Rehling
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Megan Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luka Bevc
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Herr
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina G Sheppard
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Arpin CC, Mac S, Jiang Y, Cheng H, Grimard M, Page BDG, Kamocka MM, Haftchenary S, Su H, Ball DP, Rosa DA, Lai PS, Gómez-Biagi RF, Ali AM, Rana R, Hanenberg H, Kerman K, McElyea KC, Sandusky GE, Gunning PT, Fishel ML. Applying Small Molecule Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) Protein Inhibitors as Pancreatic Cancer Therapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:794-805. [PMID: 26873728 PMCID: PMC4873422 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Constitutively activated STAT3 protein has been found to be a key regulator of pancreatic cancer and a target for molecular therapeutic intervention. In this study, PG-S3-001, a small molecule derived from the SH-4-54 class of STAT3 inhibitors, was found to inhibit patient-derived pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in the low micromolar range. PG-S3-001 binds the STAT3 protein potently, Kd = 324 nmol/L by surface plasmon resonance, and showed no effect in a kinome screen (>100 cancer-relevant kinases). In vitro studies demonstrated potent cell killing as well as inhibition of STAT3 activation in pancreatic cancer cells. To better model the tumor and its microenvironment, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) cultures of patient-derived pancreatic cancer cells in the absence and presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). In this coculture model, inhibition of tumor growth is maintained following STAT3 inhibition in the presence of CAFs. Confocal microscopy was used to verify tumor cell death following treatment of 3D cocultures with PG-S3-001. The 3D model was predictive of in vivo efficacy as significant tumor growth inhibition was observed upon administration of PG-S3-001. These studies showed that the inhibition of STAT3 was able to impact the survival of tumor cells in a relevant 3D model, as well as in a xenograft model using patient-derived cells. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 794-805. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn C Arpin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Mac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Huiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michelle Grimard
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brent D G Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malgorzata M Kamocka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sina Haftchenary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Han Su
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel P Ball
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Rosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping-Shan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodolfo F Gómez-Biagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rahul Rana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery (ENT), Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle C McElyea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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18
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Belton A, Xian L, Huso T, Koo M, Luo LZ, Turkson J, Page BDG, Gunning PT, Liu G, Huso DL, Resar LMS. STAT3 inhibitor has potent antitumor activity in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells overexpressing the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1)-STAT3 pathway. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2681-4. [PMID: 26952843 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1153089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Belton
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Lingling Xian
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Tait Huso
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Michael Koo
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Li Z Luo
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - James Turkson
- b Cell and Molecular Biology Department , John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii , Honolulu , HI , USA
| | - Brent D G Page
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Guosheng Liu
- d Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - David L Huso
- d Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA ;,e Department of Oncology, Institute for Cellular Engineering , the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Linda M S Resar
- a Hematology Division, Department of Medicine , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA ;,e Department of Oncology, Institute for Cellular Engineering , the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
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19
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Carter M, Jemth AS, Hagenkort A, Page BDG, Gustafsson R, Griese JJ, Gad H, Valerie NCK, Desroses M, Boström J, Warpman Berglund U, Helleday T, Stenmark P. Crystal structure, biochemical and cellular activities demonstrate separate functions of MTH1 and MTH2. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7871. [PMID: 26238318 PMCID: PMC4532830 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated redox metabolism in cancer leads to oxidative damage to cellular components including deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). Targeting dNTP pool sanitizing enzymes, such as MTH1, is a highly promising anticancer strategy. The MTH2 protein, known as NUDT15, is described as the second human homologue of bacterial MutT with 8-oxo-dGTPase activity. We present the first NUDT15 crystal structure and demonstrate that NUDT15 prefers other nucleotide substrates over 8-oxo-dGTP. Key structural features are identified that explain different substrate preferences for NUDT15 and MTH1. We find that depletion of NUDT15 has no effect on incorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP into DNA and does not impact cancer cell survival in cell lines tested. NUDT17 and NUDT18 were also profiled and found to have far less activity than MTH1 against oxidized nucleotides. We show that NUDT15 is not a biologically relevant 8-oxo-dGTPase, and that MTH1 is the most prominent sanitizer of the cellular dNTP pool known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Carter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Hagenkort
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Gustafsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia J. Griese
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helge Gad
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C. K. Valerie
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthieu Desroses
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Boström
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pål Stenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Telpoukhovskaia MA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Cawthray JF, Scott LE, Page BDG, Alí-Torres J, Sodupe M, Bailey GA, Patrick BO, Orvig C. 3-Hydroxy-4-pyridinone derivatives as metal ion and amyloid binding agents. Metallomics 2014; 6:249-62. [PMID: 23999879 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, as their dyshomeostasis may lead to production of reactive oxygen species as well as increased toxicity of amyloid protein aggregates. In this work, we present design and synthesis of three novel multifunctional hydroxypyridinone ligands, HL11, HL12, and HL13, bearing benzothiazole and benzoxazole functionalities. We study the ability of these compounds to bind metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(III), as well as their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. Additionally, we determine the pro-ligands' (compounds prior to chelation) propensity to target amyloid protein. Through these studies we determine the effect of combining amyloid- and metal-binding functionalities within the HPO scaffold on different aspects of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Telpoukhovskaia
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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21
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Eiring AM, Page BDG, Kraft IL, Mason CC, Vellore NA, Resetca D, Zabriskie MS, Zhang TY, Khorashad JS, Engar AJ, Reynolds KR, Anderson DJ, Senina A, Pomicter AD, Arpin CC, Ahmad S, Heaton WL, Tantravahi SK, Todic A, Moriggl R, Wilson DJ, Baron R, O'Hare T, Gunning PT, Deininger MW. Combined STAT3 and BCR-ABL1 inhibition induces synthetic lethality in therapy-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 29:586-597. [PMID: 25134459 PMCID: PMC4334758 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the BCR-ABL1 kinase domain are an established mechanism of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia, but fail to explain many cases of clinical TKI failure. In contrast, it is largely unknown why some patients fail TKI therapy despite continued suppression of BCR-ABL1 kinase activity, a situation termed BCRABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance. Here, we identified activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) by extrinsic or intrinsic mechanisms as an essential feature of BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance. By combining synthetic chemistry, in vitro reporter assays, and molecular dynamics-guided rational inhibitor design and high-throughput screening, we discovered BP-5-087, a potent and selective STAT3 SH2 domain inhibitor that reduces STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear transactivation. Computational simulations, fluorescence polarization assays, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange assays establish direct engagement of STAT3 by BP-5-087 and provide a high-resolution view of the STAT3 SH2 domain/BP-5-087 interface. In primary cells from CML patients with BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance, BP-5-087 (1.0 μM) restored TKI sensitivity to therapy-resistant CML progenitor cells, including leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Our findings implicate STAT3 as a critical signaling node in BCR-ABL1 kinase-independent TKI resistance, and suggest that BP-5-087 has clinical utility for treating malignancies characterized by STAT3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Eiring
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brent D G Page
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ira L Kraft
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Clinton C Mason
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Nadeem A Vellore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Diana Resetca
- York University Chemistry Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew S Zabriskie
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tian Y Zhang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jamshid S Khorashad
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alexander J Engar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kimberly R Reynolds
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David J Anderson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anna Senina
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anthony D Pomicter
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Carolynn C Arpin
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shazia Ahmad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William L Heaton
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Aleksandra Todic
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Derek J Wilson
- York University Chemistry Department, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riccardo Baron
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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22
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Lai AZ, Cory S, Zhao H, Gigoux M, Monast A, Guiot MC, Huang S, Tofigh A, Thompson C, Naujokas M, Marcus VA, Bertos N, Sehat B, Perera RM, Bell ES, Page BDG, Gunning PT, Ferri LE, Hallett M, Park M. Dynamic reprogramming of signaling upon met inhibition reveals a mechanism of drug resistance in gastric cancer. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra38. [PMID: 24757178 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Met receptor tyrosine kinase is activated or genetically amplified in some gastric cancers, but resistance to small-molecule inhibitors of Met often emerges in patients. We found that Met abundance correlated with a proliferation marker in patient gastric tumor sections, and gastric cancer cell lines that have MET amplifications depended on Met for proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in culture. Inhibition of Met induced temporal changes in gene expression in the cell lines, initiated by a rapid decrease in the expression of genes encoding transcription factors, followed by those encoding proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and finally those encoding cell cycle-related proteins. In the gastric cancer cell lines, microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed considerable overlap between genes regulated in response to Met stimulation and those regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The activity of STAT3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and the kinase Akt was decreased by Met inhibition, but only inhibitors of STAT3 were as effective as the Met inhibitor in decreasing tumor cell proliferation in culture and in xenografts, suggesting that STAT3 mediates the pro-proliferative program induced by Met. However, the phosphorylation of ERK increased after prolonged Met inhibition in culture, correlating with decreased abundance of the phosphatases DUSP4 and DUSP6, which inhibit ERK. Combined inhibition of Met and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)-ERK pathway induced greater cell death in cultured gastric cancer cells than did either inhibitor alone. These findings indicate combination therapies that may counteract resistance to Met inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Z Lai
- 1Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 0G4, Canada
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23
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Haftchenary S, Luchman HA, Jouk A, Veloso AJ, Page BDG, Cheng XR, Dawson SS, Grinshtein N, Shahani VM, Kerman K, Kaplan DR, Griffin C, Aman AM, Al-awar R, Weiss S, Gunning PT. Potent Targeting of the STAT3 Protein in Brain Cancer Stem Cells: A Promising Route for Treating Glioblastoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4:1102-7. [PMID: 24900612 PMCID: PMC4027491 DOI: 10.1021/ml4003138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAT3 gene is abnormally active in glioblastoma (GBM) and is a critically important mediator of tumor growth and therapeutic resistance in GBM. Thus, for poorly treated brain cancers such as gliomas, astrocytomas, and glioblastomas, which harbor constitutively activated STAT3, a STAT3-targeting therapeutic will be of significant importance. Herein, we report a most potent, small molecule, nonphosphorylated STAT3 inhibitor, 31 (SH-4-54) that strongly binds to STAT3 protein (K D = 300 nM). Inhibitor 31 potently kills glioblastoma brain cancer stem cells (BTSCs) and effectively suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation and its downstream transcriptional targets at low nM concentrations. Moreover, in vivo, 31 exhibited blood-brain barrier permeability, potently controlled glioma tumor growth, and inhibited pSTAT3 in vivo. This work, for the first time, demonstrates the power of STAT3 inhibitors for the treatment of BTSCs and validates the therapeutic efficacy of a STAT3 inhibitor for GBM clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Haftchenary
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - H. Artee Luchman
- Hotchkiss Brain
Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andriana
O. Jouk
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Anthony J. Veloso
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Xin Ran Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sean S. Dawson
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Natalie Grinshtein
- Cell Biology Program
and James Burrel Laboratories at the Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Vijay M. Shahani
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - David R. Kaplan
- Cell Biology Program
and James Burrel Laboratories at the Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Carly Griffin
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for
Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed M. Aman
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for
Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Rima Al-awar
- Drug
Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for
Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Hotchkiss Brain
Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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24
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Page BDG, Croucher DC, Li ZH, Haftchenary S, Jimenez-Zepeda VH, Atkinson J, Spagnuolo PA, Wong YL, Colaguori R, Lewis AM, Schimmer AD, Trudel S, Gunning PT. Inhibiting Aberrant Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Protein Activation with Tetrapodal, Small Molecule Src Homology 2 Domain Binders: Promising Agents against Multiple Myeloma. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7190-200. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3017255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent D. G. Page
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Danielle C. Croucher
- Ontario
Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Zhi Hua Li
- Ontario
Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Sina Haftchenary
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Victor H. Jimenez-Zepeda
- Ontario
Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Jennifer Atkinson
- Ontario
Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Paul A. Spagnuolo
- Ontario
Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Yoong Lim Wong
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Robert Colaguori
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Andrew M. Lewis
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
| | - Aaron D. Schimmer
- Ontario
Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Suzanne Trudel
- Ontario
Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, 620 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
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25
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Camporeale A, Marino F, Papageorgiou A, Carai P, Fornero S, Fletcher S, Page BDG, Gunning P, Forni M, Chiarle R, Morello M, Jensen O, Levi R, Heymans S, Poli V. STAT3 activity is necessary and sufficient for the development of immune-mediated myocarditis in mice and promotes progression to dilated cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:572-90. [PMID: 23460527 PMCID: PMC3628107 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201201876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis, often triggered by viral infection, may lead to heart auto-immunity and dilated cardiomyopathy. What determines the switch between disease resolution and progression is however incompletely understood. We show that pharmacological inhibition of STAT3, the main mediator of IL-6 signalling and of Th17-cell differentiation, protects mice from the development of Experimental Auto-immune Myocarditis reducing liver production of the complement component C3, and can act therapeutically when administered at disease peak. Further, we demonstrate that STAT3 is sufficient when constitutively active for triggering the onset of immune-mediated myocarditis, involving enhanced complement C3 production and IL-6 signalling amplification in the liver. Disease development can be prevented by C3 depletion and IL-6 receptor neutralization. This appears to be relevant to disease pathogenesis in humans, since acute myocarditis patients display significantly elevated circulating IL-6 and C3 levels and activated heart STAT3. Thus, aberrant IL-6/STAT3-mediated induction of liver acute phase response genes including C3, which occurs as a consequence of pre-existing inflammatory conditions, might represent an important factor determining the degree of myocarditis and its clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Camporeale
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Haftchenary S, Ball DP, Aubry I, Landry M, Shahani VM, Fletcher S, Page BDG, Jouk AO, Tremblay ML, Gunning PT. Identification of a potent salicylic acid-based inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B. Med Chem Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00011g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A screen of a library of diverse small-molecules against a subset of phosphatases identified 7b and 7c, which potently inhibit TC-PTP, PTPσ and PTP1B with no inhibition of PTP-LAR, PRL2 A/S, MKPX or papain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P. Ball
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubry
- McGill Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Melissa Landry
- McGill Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | | | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Mississauga
- Canada
| | | | | | - Michel L. Tremblay
- McGill Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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Page BDG, Khoury H, Laister RC, Fletcher S, Vellozo M, Manzoli A, Yue P, Turkson J, Minden MD, Gunning PT. Small molecule STAT5-SH2 domain inhibitors exhibit potent antileukemia activity. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1047-55. [PMID: 22148584 DOI: 10.1021/jm200720n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (STAT5) protein, a key member of the STAT family of signaling proteins, plays a pivotal role in the progression of many human cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia and prostate cancer. Unlike STAT3, where significant medicinal effort has been expended to identify potent direct inhibitors, Stat5 has been poorly investigated as a molecular therapeutic target. Thus, in an effort to identify direct inhibitors of STAT5 protein, we conducted an in vitro screen of a focused library of SH2 domain binding salicylic acid-containing inhibitors (∼150) against STAT5, as well as against STAT3 and STAT1 proteins for SH2 domain selectivity. We herein report the identification of several potent (K(i) < 5 μM) and STAT5 selective (>3-fold specificity for STAT5 cf. STAT1 and STAT3) inhibitors, BP-1-107, BP-1-108, SF-1-087, and SF-1-088. Lead agents, evaluated in K562 and MV-4-11 human leukemia cells, showed potent induction of apoptosis (IC(50)'s ∼ 20 μM) which correlated with potent and selective suppression of STAT5 phosphorylation, as well as inhibition of STAT5 target genes cyclin D1, cyclin D2, C-MYC, and MCL-1. Moreover, lead agent BP-1-108 showed negligible cytotoxic effects in normal bone marrow cells not expressing activated STAT5 protein. Inhibitors identified in this study represent some of the most potent direct small molecule, nonphosphorylated inhibitors of STAT5 to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent D G Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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Page BDG, Atkinson J, Wong YL, Haftchenary S, Spagnuolo PA, Kraft IL, O'Hare T, Turkson J, Deininger MW, Schimmer AD, Gunning PT. Abstract A121: Direct SH2 domain-targeting inhibitors of Stat3: Potent anticancer agents and mitigators of drug resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-a121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
As a master regulator of cell signaling and tumorigenesis, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein has emerged at the forefront of anti-cancer drug development. Abnormal Stat3 activity has been demonstrated in a wide variety of human cancers including leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, glioblastoma and cancers of the pancreas, breast, prostate, and ovary. Constitutive Stat3 activation interferes with normal cell cycling and causes the accumulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. This renders malignant cells resistant to naturally occurring apoptotic cues and allows them subject to proliferate rapidly. Cancer cells become reliant on increased levels of Stat3 activity are vulnerable to therapeutic intervention through Stat3 inhibition. In healthy cells, Stat3 activity is transient and non-essential, thus, inhibiting Stat3 presents an avenue for the development of novel cancer therapeutic agents.
Our approach involves the interruption of several critical Stat3 functions by occupation of the SH2 domain with small molecule inhibitors. Stat3's SH2 domain is a key component in the Stat3 signaling pathway as it not only facilitates activation of monomeric Stat3 but also moderates the formation of the transcriptionally active Stat3:Stat3 homodimer.
Our research groups have conducted a thorough structure-activity relationship on a known Stat3-SH2 domain binder (S3I-201) and have discovered several more potent and more drug-like Stat3 inhibitors. Most recently, we have utilized a tetrapodal scaffold that has allowed more complete occupation of the SH2 domain and resulted in greatly improved binding affinity. These novel compounds effectively displace an SH2 domain-binding peptide probe, prevent Stat3 phosphorylation in cell line models and suppress Stat3 target gene expression at near-nanomolar concentrations. Our latest Stat3 inhibitors are effective across a wide variety of human cancers and exhibit a 10–20-fold improvement in cellular EC50 values over the parent compound, S3I-201.
Remarkable activity is observed in mouse xenograft models of human breast cancer where nearly complete inhibition of tumor growth is observed at a dosing of 3 mg/kg daily. Furthermore, recent experiments demonstrate the same potent activity when the drug is administered by oral gavage, with plasma drug concentrations reaching 20 μM. Preliminary investigations have also shown that our lead compounds can re-sensitize malignant cells that are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics agents.
We present our newest library of Stat3 inhibitors, which holds great promise in the fight against cancer.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A121.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Atkinson
- 2Campbell Family Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul A. Spagnuolo
- 2Campbell Family Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron D. Schimmer
- 2Campbell Family Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Page BDG, Zhang X, Atkinson J, Li ZH, Schimmer AD, Trudel S, Turkson J, Gunning PT. Abstract A125: Silencing Stat3 signaling in human cancers: Identifying potent small molecule inhibitors of Stat3 function. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-a125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Stat3 is essential for transducing signals from extracellular stimuli, but also functions as a nuclear transcription factor required for regulating genes involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and invasion, in addition to genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. In contrast to the transient nature of Stat3 activation in normal cells, many human cancers, including breast, prostate, ovarian, brain and multiple myeloma (MM) harbor constitutive Stat3 activity. Stat3 downstream target genes are critical to the dysregulated biological processes that promote tumor cell growth, survival and induce chemoresistance, thus targeting Stat3 signaling represents an important therapeutic target in cancer therapy.
We have rationally designed and developed Stat3 inhibitors that disrupt transcriptionaly active Stat3-Stat3 homo-dimers, suppress Stat3 activation (phosphorylation), inhibit Stat3-target gene expression (c-Myc, Bcl-xL, survivin) and potently induce apoptosis in tumor cells harboring aberrant Stat3 activity. Moreover, lead compound BP-1–102, a salicylic acid containing small molecule, induced strong antitumor effects on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenografts and in MM preclinical tumor models. Most notably, given via oral gavage, BP-1–102 strongly inhibited the growth of human breast tumor xenografts, identifying it as a most potent orally bioavailable Stat3-targeting inhibitor.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A125.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhi Hua Li
- 3Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Mitra RN, Doshi M, Zhang X, Tyus JC, Bengtsson N, Fletcher S, Page BDG, Turkson J, Gesquiere AJ, Gunning PT, Walter GA, Santra S. An activatable multimodal/multifunctional nanoprobe for direct imaging of intracellular drug delivery. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1500-8. [PMID: 22078810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles integrated with imaging modalities (such as magnetic resonance and optical) and therapeutic drugs are promising candidates for future cancer diagnostics and therapy. While targeted drug delivery and imaging of tumor cells have been the major focus in engineering nanoparticle probes, no extensive efforts have been made towards developing sensing probes that can confirm and monitor intracellular drug release events. Here, we present quantum dot (Qdot)-iron oxide (IO) based multimodal/multifunctional nanocomposite probe that is optically and magnetically imageable, targetable and capable of reporting on intracellular drug release events. Specifically, the probe consists of a superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle core (IONP) decorated with satellite CdS:Mn/ZnS Qdots where the Qdots themselves are further functionalized with STAT3 inhibitor (an anti-cancer agent), vitamin folate (as targeting motif) and m-polyethylene glycol (mPEG, a hydrophilic dispersing agent). The Qdot luminescence is quenched in this nanocomposite probe ("OFF" state) due to combined electron/energy transfer mediated quenching processes involving IONP, folate and STAT3 agents. Upon intracellular uptake, the probe is exposed to the cytosolic glutathione (GSH) containing environment resulting in restoration of the Qdot luminescence ("ON" state), which reports on uptake and drug release. Probe functionality was validated using fluorescence and MR measurements as well as in vitro studies using cancer cells that overexpress folate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra N Mitra
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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Fletcher S, Page BDG, Zhang X, Yue P, Li ZH, Sharmeen S, Singh J, Zhao W, Schimmer AD, Trudel S, Turkson J, Gunning PT. Antagonism of the Stat3-Stat3 protein dimer with salicylic acid based small molecules. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1459-70. [PMID: 21618433 PMCID: PMC3192013 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
More than 50 new inhibitors of the oncogenic Stat3 protein were identified through a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study based on the previously identified inhibitor S3I-201 (IC₅₀ =86 μM, K(i) >300 μM). A key structural feature of these inhibitors is a salicylic acid moiety, which, by acting as a phosphotyrosine mimetic, is believed to facilitate binding to the Stat3 SH2 domain. Several of the analogues exhibit higher potency than the lead compound in inhibiting Stat3 DNA binding activity, with an in vitro IC₅₀ range of 18.7-51.9 μM, and disruption of Stat3-pTyr peptide interactions with K(i) values in the 15.5-41 μM range. One agent in particular exhibited potent inhibition of Stat3 phosphorylation in both breast and multiple myeloma tumor cells, suppressed the expression of Stat3 target genes, and induced antitumor effects in tumor cells harboring activated Stat3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6 (Canada)
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6 (Canada)
| | - Xialoei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826 (USA)
| | - Peibin Yue
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826 (USA)
| | - Zhi Hua Li
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, McLaughlin Centre of Molecular Medicine, 620 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1 (Canada)
| | - Sumaiya Sharmeen
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 (Canada)
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6 (Canada)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826 (USA)
| | - Aaron D. Schimmer
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9 (Canada)
| | - Suzanne Trudel
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Hospital, McLaughlin Centre of Molecular Medicine, 620 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1 (Canada)
| | - James Turkson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826 (USA)
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6 (Canada)
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Scott LE, Telpoukhovskaia M, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Merkel M, Bowen ML, Page BDG, Green DE, Storr T, Thomas F, Allen DD, Lockman PR, Patrick BO, Adam MJ, Orvig C. N-Aryl-substituted 3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-methyl-4(1H)-pyridinones as agents for Alzheimer's therapy. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fletcher S, Page BDG, Yue P, Zhang X, Sharmeen S, Schimmer AD, Turkson J, Gunning PT. Abstract 3684: Developing STAT3 protein inhibitors as adjuvant therapeutics: Promising synergistic effects in human cancers. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) protein is a cytosolic transcription factor that relays signals from receptors in the plasma membrane directly to the nucleus, and is routinely hyper-activated in many human cancers and diseases. STAT3 induces anti-apoptotic gene expression programs (e.g. Bcl-xL) and the over-expression of cell cycle regulators (e.g. cyclin D1) that contribute significantly to the resistance of cancer to current chemotherapeutic strategies. Since most cancer drugs aim to initiate apoptosis, tumor cells containing activated STAT3 have an intrinsic resistance to current treatment strategies. It has therefore been postulated that STAT3 inhibitors could play a significant role in the future of adjuvant cancer therapies by sensitizing human tumors to traditional chemotherapy. By examining the protein-protein interaction interface and employing computational modeling, we have thus developed a series of small molecule inhibitors of the transcriptionally active STAT3-STAT3 homo-dimer complex. Lead inhibitors showed potent anti-STAT3 activity in vitro and in tumor cell lines, as well as in malignant cells taken from leukemia patients. More specifically, these compounds displayed single digit micromolar activity against breast, prostate, pancreatic and leukemia cell lines and showed negligible cytotoxic effects on healthy cells treated with high µM concentrations of compounds. Preliminary adjuvant studies with a series of clinically relevant therapeutics have shown impressive synergistic effects in leukemia cell lines, as well as in patient tumor cells.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3684.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piebin Yue
- 2University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
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Fletcher S, Drewry JA, Shahani VM, Page BDG, Gunning PT. Molecular disruption of oncogenic signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 87:825-33. [PMID: 19935868 DOI: 10.1139/o09-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 (STAT3) is a latent cytosolic transcription factor that is widely recognized as being a master regulator of the cellular functions that lead to the cancer phenotype. Constitutively activated STAT3 protein activity is routinely observed in human cancers, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation and suppressing apoptosis. Until relatively recently, inhibition of STAT3 transcriptional activity was achieved indirectly via suppression of upstream kinase activators and extracellular cytokine and (or) growth factor stimuli. However, activated STAT3 forms transcriptionally functional STAT3-STAT3 dimers, providing a valid juncture for targeted downstream molecular inhibition. STAT3's prominent role in cancer has seen a decade of innovative and novel approaches to targeting constitutively active STAT3 protein-protein complexes. This mini-review outlines the progress made towards identifying molecular agents capable of silencing aberrant STAT3 signalling through the disruption of STAT3 complexation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, 3359 Mississauga Road North, South Building, Rm 4046, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6
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Fletcher S, Singh J, Zhang X, Yue P, Page BDG, Sharmeen S, Shahani VM, Zhao W, Schimmer AD, Turkson J, Gunning PT. Disruption of transcriptionally active Stat3 dimers with non-phosphorylated, salicylic acid-based small molecules: potent in vitro and tumor cell activities. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1959-64. [PMID: 19644994 PMCID: PMC2919050 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Mississauga Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 905-828-5425
| | - Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Mississauga Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 905-828-5425
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32826 (USA) Fax: (+1) 407-384-2062
| | - Peibin Yue
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32826 (USA) Fax: (+1) 407-384-2062
| | - Brent D. G. Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Mississauga Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 905-828-5425
| | - Sumaiya Sharmeen
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 416-946-6546
| | - Vijay M. Shahani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Mississauga Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 905-828-5425
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32826 (USA) Fax: (+1) 407-384-2062
| | - Aaron D. Schimmer
- Ontario Cancer Institute/Princess Margaret Hospital 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 416-946-6546
| | - James Turkson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32826 (USA) Fax: (+1) 407-384-2062
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Mississauga Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6 (Canada) Fax: (+1) 905-828-5425
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Fletcher S, Singh J, Zhang X, Yue P, Page BDG, Sharmeen S, Shahani VM, Zhao W, Schimmer AD, Turkson J, Gunning PT. Inside Cover: Disruption of Transcriptionally Active Stat3 Dimers with Non-phosphorylated, Salicylic Acid-Based Small Molecules: Potent in vitro and Tumor Cell Activities (ChemBioChem 12/2009). Chembiochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200990048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Scott LE, Page BDG, Patrick BO, Orvig C. Altering pyridinone N-substituents to optimise activity as potential prodrugs for Alzheimer's disease. Dalton Trans 2008:6364-7. [PMID: 19002321 DOI: 10.1039/b815404j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective design modifications of specifically substituted 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinones show possibly advantageous ring freedom while maintaining metal-binding ability and antioxidant capacity, moving toward an efficient potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Scott
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Z1
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