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Sandbrook C, Albury-Smith S, Allan JR, Bhola N, Bingham HC, Brockington D, Byaruhanga AB, Fajardo J, Fitzsimons J, Franks P, Fleischman F, Frechette A, Kakuyo K, Kaptoyo E, Kuemmerle T, Kalunda PN, Nuvunga M, O'Donnell B, Onyai F, Pfeifer M, Pritchard R, Ramos A, Rao M, Ryan CM, Shyamsundar P, Tauli J, Tumusiime DM, Vilaça M, Watmough GR, Worsdell T, Zaehringer JG. Social considerations are crucial to success in implementing the 30×30 global conservation target. Nat Ecol Evol 2023:10.1038/s41559-023-02048-2. [PMID: 37046146 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Sandbrook
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | | | - Nina Bhola
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather C Bingham
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Brockington
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Fajardo
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Fitzsimons
- The Nature Conservancy, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phil Franks
- International Institute for Environment and Development, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Forrest Fleischman
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrated Research Institute for Transformations in Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Fred Onyai
- National Environment Management Authority, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marion Pfeifer
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rose Pritchard
- Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ameyali Ramos
- IUCN Commission on Environment, Economic and Social Policy, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Madhu Rao
- IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Casey M Ryan
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Josefa Tauli
- Global Youth Biodiversity Network, Baguio City, Philippines
| | - David Mwesigye Tumusiime
- Makerere University Biological Field Station, Fort Portal City, Uganda
- Department of Environmental Management, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mônica Vilaça
- The Nature Conservancy, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Doctorate Program in Sociology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gary R Watmough
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Novel Data Ecosystems for Sustainability, International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Worsdell
- IUCN Commission on Environment, Economic and Social Policy, Gland, Switzerland
- Amazon Frontlines, Nuava Loja, Ecuador
| | - Julie G Zaehringer
- Wyss Academy for Nature, Centre for Development and Environment & Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Khatun F, Distler R, Rahman M, O'Donnell B, Gachuhi N, Alwani M, Wang Y, Rahman A, Frøen JF, Friberg IK. Comparison of a palm-based biometric solution with a name-based identification system in rural Bangladesh. Glob Health Action 2022; 15:2045769. [PMID: 35343885 PMCID: PMC8967207 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2045769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unique identifiers are not universal in low- and middle-income countries. Biometric solutions have the potential to augment existing name-based searches used for identification in these settings. This paper describes a comparison of the searching accuracy of a palm-based biometric solution with a name-based database. Objective To compare the identification of individuals between a palm-based biometric solution to a name-based District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) Android application, in a low-resource setting. Methods The study was conducted in Chandpur district, Bangladesh. Trained data collectors enrolled 150 women of reproductive age into two android applications – i) a name-based DHIS2 application, and ii) a palm-based biometric solution – both run on tablets. One week after enrollment, a different research team member attempted to re-identify each enrolled woman using both systems. A single image or text-based name was used for searching at the time of re-identification. We interviewed data collectors at the end of the study. Results Significantly more women were successfully identified on the first attempt with a palm-based biometric application (84%) compared with the name-based DHIS2 application (61%). The proportion of identifications that required three or more attempts was similar between name-based (7%, CI 3.7–12.3) and palm-based biometric system (5%, CI: 1.9–9.4). However, the total number of attempts needed was significantly lower with the palm-based solution (mean 1.2 vs. 1.5, p < 0.001). In a group discussion, data collectors reported that the palm-based biometric identification system was both accurate and easy to use. Conclusion A palm-based biometric identification system on mobile devices was found to be an easy-to-use and accurate technology for the unique identification of individuals compared to an existing name-based application. Our findings imply that palm-based biometrics on mobile devices may be the next step in establishing unique identifiers in remote and rural settings where they are currently absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Khatun
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Monjur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Noni Gachuhi
- Intellectual Ventures, Global Good Fund, Bellevue, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Anisur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - J Frederik Frøen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Aslam MZ, O'Meachair A, O'Donnell B. Anesthetic Considerations in Alström Syndrome: A Case Report. A A Pract 2021; 15:e01503. [PMID: 34283818 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alström syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects cardiac, respiratory, endocrine, hepatorenal, gastrointestinal, auditory, ophthalmic, and musculoskeletal systems. This multisystem syndrome poses significant anesthetic challenges, along with a high likelihood of perioperative adverse clinical outcomes. A literature review revealed no reports on the anesthetic management for emergency surgery in adults with Alström syndrome. We report the perioperative management of a patient with Alström syndrome who presented for an emergency laparotomy due to an ischemic bowel. This report highlights perioperative challenges in the management of this condition in the emergency setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zohaib Aslam
- From the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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Rahman A, Friberg IK, Dolphyne A, Fjeldheim I, Khatun F, O'Donnell B, Pervin J, Rahman M, Rahman AMQ, Nu UT, Sarker BK, Venkateswaran M, Frøen JF. An Electronic Registry for Improving the Quality of Antenatal Care in Rural Bangladesh (eRegMat): Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e26918. [PMID: 34255723 PMCID: PMC8292932 DOI: 10.2196/26918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital health interventions (DHIs) can alleviate several barriers to achieving better maternal and child health. The World Health Organization's guideline recommendations for DHIs emphasize the need to integrate multiple DHIs for maximizing impact. The complex health system of Bangladesh provides a unique setting for evaluating and understanding the role of an electronic registry (eRegistry) for antenatal care, with multiple integrated DHIs for strengthening the health system as well as improving the quality and utilization of the public health care system. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the effect of an eRegistry with DHIs compared with a simple digital data entry tool without DHIs in the community and frontline health facilities. METHODS The eRegMat is a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted in the Matlab North and Matlab South subdistricts in the Chandpur district, Bangladesh, where health facilities are currently using the eRegistry for digital tracking of the health status of pregnant women longitudinally. The intervention arm received 3 superimposed data-driven DHIs: health worker clinical decision support, health worker feedback dashboards with action items, and targeted client communication to pregnant women. The primary outcomes are appropriate screening as well as management of hypertension during pregnancy and timely antenatal care attendance. The secondary outcomes include morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period as well as timely first antenatal care visit; successful referrals for anemia, diabetes, or hypertension during pregnancy; and facility delivery. RESULTS The eRegistry and DHIs were co-designed with end users between 2016 and 2018. The eRegistry was implemented in the study area in July 2018. Recruitment for the trial started in October 2018 and ended in June 2020, followed by an 8-month follow-up period to capture outcome data until February 2021. Trial results will be available for publication in June 2021. CONCLUSIONS This trial allows the simultaneous assessment of multiple integrated DHIs for strengthening the health system and aims to provide evidence for its implementation. The study design and outcomes are geared toward informing the living review process of the guidelines for implementing DHIs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN69491836; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN69491836. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/26918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ingrid K Friberg
- Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Akuba Dolphyne
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Fjeldheim
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fatema Khatun
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brian O'Donnell
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jesmin Pervin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Monjur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A M Qaiyum Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - U Tin Nu
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bidhan Krishna Sarker
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahima Venkateswaran
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Frederik Frøen
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Bogale B, Mørkrid K, O'Donnell B, Ghanem B, Abu Ward I, Abu Khader K, Isbeih M, Frost M, Baniode M, Hijaz T, Awwad T, Rabah Y, Frøen JF. Development of a targeted client communication intervention for pregnant and post-partum women: a descriptive study. Lancet 2021; 398 Suppl 1:S18. [PMID: 34227949 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted client communication using text messages can inform, motivate, and remind pregnant and postpartum women to use care in a timely way. The mixed results of previous studies of the effectiveness of targeted client communication highlight the importance of theory-based co-design with users. We planned, developed, and tested a theory-based intervention tailored to pregnant and postpartum women, to be automatically distributed via an electronic maternal and child health registry in occupied Palestinian territory. METHODS We did 26 in-depth interviews with pregnant women and health-care providers in seven purposively selected public primary health-care clinics in the West Bank and Gaza to include clinics with different profiles. An interview guide was developed using the Health Belief Model to explore women's perceptions of high-risk conditions (anaemia, hypertension, diabetes, and fetal growth restriction) and timely attendance for antenatal care, as predefined by a national expert panel. We did thematic analyses of the interview data. Based on the results, we composed messages for a targeted client communication intervention, applying concepts from the Model of Actionable Feedback, social nudging, and enhanced active choice. We assessed the acceptability and understandability of the messages through unstructured interviews with local health promotion experts, health-care providers, and pregnant women. FINDINGS The recurring themes indicated that most women were aware of the health consequences of anaemia, hypertension, and diabetes, but that they seldom associated these conditions with pregnancy. We identified knowledge gaps and low awareness of susceptibility to and severity of these complications and the benefits of timely antenatal care. The actionable messages were iteratively improved with stakeholder and end-user feedback after presenting the initial draft, and the messages deemed were understandable and acceptable based on reflections during unstructured assessment. INTERPRETATION Following a stepwise iterative process by a theory-based approach and co-designing the intervention with users, we revealed elements critical to an efficacious targeted client communication intervention. A potential limitation of our study is that conducting in-depth interviews on several health conditions simultaneously might have reduced the depth of information we could have obtained. The strength of our study was that we assessed for, developed, and refined the intervention following recommended theoretical frameworks and best practices. The effectiveness of this intervention is under evaluation in a cluster-randomised trial (ISRCTN10520687). FUNDING European Research Council and Research Council of Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Bogale
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kjersti Mørkrid
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brian O'Donnell
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Buthaina Ghanem
- Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, WHO, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Itimad Abu Ward
- Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, WHO, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Khadija Abu Khader
- Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, WHO, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Mervett Isbeih
- Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, WHO, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Michael Frost
- Health Information Systems Program, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammad Baniode
- Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, WHO, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Taghreed Hijaz
- Palestinian Ministry of Health, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Tamara Awwad
- Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, WHO, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Yousef Rabah
- Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, WHO, Ramallah, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - J Frederik Frøen
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Newman SD, Cheng H, Kim DJ, Schnakenberg-Martin A, Dydak U, Dharmadhikari S, Hetrick W, O'Donnell B. An investigation of the relationship between glutamate and resting state connectivity in chronic cannabis users. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 14:2062-2071. [PMID: 31302844 PMCID: PMC6955389 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human and animal studies have shown that heavy cannabis (CB) use interacts with glutamatergic signaling. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that glutamate (Glu) may drive resting state functional connectivity (RSfc). The aims of the current preliminary study were to: 1) determine whether dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) Glu is related to RSfc between the dACC and two nodes of the reward network, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (Hp); and 2) determine whether CB use interacts with the relationship between dACC Glu and RSfc. A group of 23 chronic CB users and 23 healthy controls participated in this multimodal MRI study. Glu levels were assessed in the dACC using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Linear regression models were used to determine whether dACC Glu and CB use predicts RSfc between the dACC and the NAc and Hp. While the effect size is small, the results showed that the connectivity between the dACC and right NAc was predicted by the interaction between dACC Glu levels and monthly CB use. Additionally, while there is some suggestion that dACC Glu is correlated with dACC-hippocampal connectivity, unlike for dACC/NAc connectivity the relationship between them does not appear to be affected by CB use. These preliminary findings are significant in that they demonstrate the need for future studies with larger sample sizes to better characterize the relationship between resting state connectivity and neurochemistry as well as to characterize how CB use interacts with that relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlene D Newman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Dae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shalmali Dharmadhikari
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William Hetrick
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Brian O'Donnell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Bogale B, Mørkrid K, O'Donnell B, Ghanem B, Abu Ward I, Abu Khader K, Isbeih M, Frost M, Baniode M, Hijaz T, Awwad T, Rabah Y, Frøen JF. Development of a targeted client communication intervention to women using an electronic maternal and child health registry: a qualitative study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:1. [PMID: 31906929 PMCID: PMC6945530 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-1002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted client communication (TCC) using text messages can inform, motivate and remind pregnant and postpartum women of timely utilization of care. The mixed results of the effectiveness of TCC interventions points to the importance of theory based interventions that are co-design with users. The aim of this paper is to describe the planning, development, and evaluation of a theory led TCC intervention, tailored to pregnant and postpartum women and automated from the Palestinian electronic maternal and child health registry. METHODS We used the Health Belief Model to develop interview guides to explore women's perceptions of antenatal care (ANC), with a focus on high-risk pregnancy conditions (anemia, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, and fetal growth restriction), and untimely ANC attendance, issues predefined by a national expert panel as being of high interest. We performed 18 in-depth interviews with women, and eight with healthcare providers in public primary healthcare clinics in the West Bank and Gaza. Grounding on the results of the in-depth interviews, we used concepts from the Model of Actionable Feedback, social nudging and Enhanced Active Choice to compose the TCC content to be sent as text messages. We assessed the acceptability and understandability of the draft text messages through unstructured interviews with local health promotion experts, healthcare providers, and pregnant women. RESULTS We found low awareness of the importance of timely attendance to ANC, and the benefits of ANC for pregnancy outcomes. We identified knowledge gaps and beliefs in the domains of low awareness of susceptibility to, and severity of, anemia, hypertension, and diabetes complications in pregnancy. To increase the utilization of ANC and bridge the identified gaps, we iteratively composed actionable text messages with users, using recommended message framing models. We developed algorithms to trigger tailored text messages with higher intensity for women with a higher risk profile documented in the electronic health registry. CONCLUSIONS We developed an optimized TCC intervention underpinned by behavior change theory and concepts, and co-designed with users following an iterative process. The electronic maternal and child health registry can serve as a unique platform for TCC interventions using text messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Bogale
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjersti Mørkrid
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brian O'Donnell
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Buthaina Ghanem
- The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, World Health Organization, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Itimad Abu Ward
- The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, World Health Organization, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Khadija Abu Khader
- The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, World Health Organization, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Mervett Isbeih
- The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, World Health Organization, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Michael Frost
- Health Information Systems Program, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammad Baniode
- The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, World Health Organization, Ramallah, Palestine
| | | | - Tamara Awwad
- The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, World Health Organization, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Yousef Rabah
- The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, World Health Organization, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - J Frederik Frøen
- Global Health Cluster, Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health (CISMAC), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Lucero Y, McKenzie C, O'Donnell B, Stanford L, Guzman I. Southern New Mexico Dietary Practices and Carotenoid Content in Traditional Mexican Meals. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Burroughs L, Mitroi J, Bolbecker A, Moussa-Tooks A, Lundin N, O'Donnell B, Hetrick W. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the human cerebellum during associative learning. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kamal M, Rosenthal D, Volpe S, Goepfert R, Garden A, Hutcheson K, Eraj S, Dursteler A, Williams B, Smith J, Aymard J, Berends J, White A, O'Donnell B, Frank S, Morrison W, Cardoso R, Chambers M, Sturgis E, Mendoza T, Cardenas C, Skinner H, Phan J, Mohamed A, Fuller C, Gunn G. Patient-Reported Dry Mouth after Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer: Dosimetric Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Emerick B, Busey T, O'Donnell B. Using SSVEPs to measure brain responses of chronic cannabis users and nonusers to during a visual recognition task. J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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13
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Ahmed O, O'Donnell B, Shorten G, Gallagher A. Regional anaesthesia competency assessment. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:472-3. [PMID: 26994540 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Ahmed
- Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - G Shorten
- Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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O'Donnell B, Maurer A, Papandreou-Suppappola A, Stafford P. Time-Frequency Analysis of Peptide Microarray Data: Application to Brain Cancer Immunosignatures. Cancer Inform 2015; 14:219-33. [PMID: 26157331 PMCID: PMC4476374 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s17285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the gravest dangers facing cancer patients is an extended symptom-free lull between tumor initiation and the first diagnosis. Detection of tumors is critical for effective intervention. Using the body’s immune system to detect and amplify tumor-specific signals may enable detection of cancer using an inexpensive immunoassay. Immunosignatures are one such assay: they provide a map of antibody interactions with random-sequence peptides. They enable detection of disease-specific patterns using classic train/test methods. However, to date, very little effort has gone into extracting information from the sequence of peptides that interact with disease-specific antibodies. Because it is difficult to represent all possible antigen peptides in a microarray format, we chose to synthesize only 330,000 peptides on a single immunosignature microarray. The 330,000 random-sequence peptides on the microarray represent 83% of all tetramers and 27% of all pentamers, creating an unbiased but substantial gap in the coverage of total sequence space. We therefore chose to examine many relatively short motifs from these random-sequence peptides. Time-variant analysis of recurrent subsequences provided a means to dissect amino acid sequences from the peptides while simultaneously retaining the antibody–peptide binding intensities. We first used a simple experiment in which monoclonal antibodies with known linear epitopes were exposed to these random-sequence peptides, and their binding intensities were used to create our algorithm. We then demonstrated the performance of the proposed algorithm by examining immunosignatures from patients with Glioblastoma multiformae (GBM), an aggressive form of brain cancer. Eight different frameshift targets were identified from the random-sequence peptides using this technique. If immune-reactive antigens can be identified using a relatively simple immune assay, it might enable a diagnostic test with sufficient sensitivity to detect tumors in a clinically useful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O'Donnell
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexander Maurer
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | | | - Phillip Stafford
- Center for Innovations in Medicine, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Murad A, O'Donnell B, Rowley H, Mulligan N. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a paraneoplastic phenomenon in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:335-7. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Murad
- Department of Dermatology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Eccles Street Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - B. O'Donnell
- Department of Dermatology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Eccles Street Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - H. Rowley
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Eccles Street Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - N. Mulligan
- Department of Histopathology; Mater Misericordiae University Hospital; Eccles Street Dublin 7 Ireland
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Abell M, Sponheim S, Kang SS, O'Donnell B, Hetrick WP. Article 15 Temporal patterns of neural network synchronization in veterans with and without mild TBI and PTSD. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Lynch M, O'Loughlin A, Devaney D, O'Donnell B. Fabry's disease in a female, still an under-recognised disease. Ir Med J 2013; 106:158. [PMID: 23914586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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18
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Fitzgerald G, O'Donnell B. "In somno securitas" anaesthetists' noise exposure in Orthopaedic operating theatres. Ir Med J 2012; 105:239-241. [PMID: 23008884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Excessive noise exposure can have adverse effects on the health and performance of healthcare providers. Irish statutory regulations limit daily workplace noise exposure to 87 A-weighted decibels [dB(A)]. The World Health Organisation recommends noise levels remain under 35 dB(A) in patient treatment rooms. We measured anaesthetists' noise exposure during elective orthopaedic surgery. The mean and maximum sound levels were 63.0 (SD 4.26) and 92.8 dB(A) respectively. Noise was louder than 65 dB(A) 22.2% of the time and louder than 80 dB(A) less than 1% of the time. Staff conversation and metal instruments were responsible for 29.5% and 19.9% of peaks louder than 65 dB(A) respectively. Sound levels recorded were lower than recognised levels associated with hearing loss. Sound regularly exceeded World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended levels for patient comfort and safety. Anaesthetists need to be aware of the influence of environmental noise on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fitzgerald
- Department of Anaesthetics, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork.
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Barata I, O'Donnell B, Houdek L, Cirilli A, Haines C, Prokofieva A, Bramante R, Modayil V, Ward M, Sama A. 293 Correlation of Inferior Vena Cava/Aorta Ratio to Fluid Therapy in Clinically Dehydrated Children. Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Prabhakaran VC, Cannon PS, McNab A, Davis G, O'Donnell B, Dolman PJ, Ghabrial R, Selva D. Lesions mimicking lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94:1509-12. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.156307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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O'Donnell B, Riordan J, Ahmad I, Iohom G. A Clinical Evaluation of Block Characteristics Using One Milliliter 2% Lidocaine in Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:808-10. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181e79965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Cannon PS, O'Donnell B, Huilgol SC, Selva D. The ophthalmic side-effects of imiquimod therapy in the management of periocular skin lesions. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 95:1682-5. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.178202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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O'Donnell B, Ryan H, O'Sullivan O, Iohom G, Shorten G. 87. Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block Versus General Anaesthesia for Upper Limb Trauma Surgery: An Observer Blinded Prospective, Randomised, Controlled Trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/rapm-00115550-200809001-00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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24
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O'Donnell B, Iohom G, Shorten G. 369. An Estimation of the Minimum Effective Anaesthetic Volume of 2% Lidocaine in Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1136/rapm-00115550-200809001-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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McDonnell JG, O'Donnell B, Curley G, Heffernan A, Power C, Laffey JG. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2007; 104:193-7. [PMID: 17179269 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000250223.49963.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a novel approach for blocking the abdominal wall neural afferents via the bilateral lumbar triangles of Petit. We evaluated its analgesic efficacy in patients during the first 24 postoperative hours after abdominal surgery, in a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial. METHODS Thirty-two adults undergoing large bowel resection via a midline abdominal incision were randomized to receive standard care, including patient-controlled morphine analgesia and regular nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and acetaminophen (n = 16), or to undergo TAP block (n = 16) in addition to standard care (n = 16). After induction of anesthesia, 20 mL of 0.375% levobupivacaine was deposited into the transversus abdominis neuro-fascial plane via the bilateral lumbar triangles of Petit. Each patient was assessed by a blinded investigator in the postanesthesia care unit and at 2, 4, 6, and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS The TAP block reduced visual analog scale pain scores (TAP versus control, mean +/- sd) on emergence (1 +/- 1.4 vs 6.6 +/- 2.8, P < 0.05), and at all postoperative time points, including at 24 h (1.7 +/- 1.7 vs 3.1 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05). Morphine requirements in the first 24 postoperative hours were also reduced (21.9 +/- 8.9 mg vs 80.4 +/- 19.2 mg, P < 0.05). There were no complications attributable to the TAP block. All TAP patients reported high levels of satisfaction with their postoperative analgesic regimen. CONCLUSIONS The TAP block provided highly effective postoperative analgesia in the first 24 postoperative hours after major abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G McDonnell
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland
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26
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Hamilton JEM, Lennon P, O'Donnell B. Objective analysis of monthly climatological fields of temperature, sunshine, rainfall percentage and rainfall amount. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/joc.3370080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
We report on the perioperative management of anesthesia and analgesia in a child with sickle cell disease and a congenital myopathy, presenting for corrective orthopedic surgery. The case illustrates two valuable points of interest: the many benefits of regional anesthesia in complex medical cases and the successful use of tourniquets in children with sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fanning
- Children's University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland.
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Abstract
An 8-year-old boy born prematurely at 26 weeks' gestation presented with a reticulate scar on the left cheek. This started as an eroded area on day 3 postpartum, followed by crusting and scarring. There were also linear scars on the left forearm, left lower back and abdomen. The clinical picture fits the entity of congenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis. This retrospective case report delineates the outcome with diagnosis only evident after an 8-year time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Vun
- Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Dermatology, Drogheda, County Louth, Ireland.
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30
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Serreze DV, Wasserfall C, Ottendorfer EW, Stalvey M, Pierce MA, Gauntt C, O'Donnell B, Flanagan JB, Campbell-Thompson M, Ellis TM, Atkinson MA. Diabetes acceleration or prevention by a coxsackievirus B4 infection: critical requirements for both interleukin-4 and gamma interferon. J Virol 2005; 79:1045-52. [PMID: 15613333 PMCID: PMC538592 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.2.1045-1052.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes acceleration in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice through coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) infection requires a preexisting critical mass of autoreactive T cells in pancreatic islets, and in the absence of this insulitic threshold, CVB4 infection leads to long-term disease protection. To understand this acceleration and protection process, we challenged 8- and 12-week-old NOD mice containing a disruption in interleukin-4 (IL-4) or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) genes (NOD IL-4-/- and NOD IFN-gamma-/-, respectively) with a diabetogenic, pancreatropic Edwards strain of CVB4. The elimination of IL-4 did not alter the rate of insulitis or diabetes development in NOD mice, while the elimination of IFN-gamma delayed these events several weeks. CVB4 infection in 8-week-old mice only significantly accelerated the onset of diabetes in a subset of standard, but not IL-4- or IFN-gamma-deficient, NOD mice. Long-term diabetes protection was established in standard NOD mice as well as in the NOD IFN-gamma-/- mice that did not rapidly develop disease following CVB4 infection at 8 weeks of age. When mice were infected at 12 weeks of age, the onset of diabetes was accelerated in NOD IL-4-/- mice, while neither acceleration nor long-term protection was elicited in NOD IFN-gamma-/- mice. No differences were observed in the kinetics of CVB4 clearance in pancreases from NOD, NOD IL-4-/-, and NOD IFN-gamma-/- mice. Collectively, these results suggest that at the insulitis threshold at which CVB4 infection can first accelerate the onset of diabetes in NOD mice, IL-4 as well as IFN-gamma contributes to this pathogenic process. The protective mechanism against diabetes elicited in NOD mice infected with CVB4 prior to the development of a critical threshold level of insulitis requires neither IL-4 nor IFN-gamma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Serreze
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Box 100275 JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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31
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Sutcliffe P, Picard L, Fortin B, Malaviarachchi D, Hohenadel J, O'Donnell B. Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak at a summer hockey camp, Sudbury 2004. Can Commun Dis Rep 2004; 30:189-94. [PMID: 15568492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
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32
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Liebe S, Gold JM, Busey TA, O'Donnell B. Electrophysiological correlates of the effects of perceptual learning on signal and noise in the human visual system. J Vis 2004. [DOI: 10.1167/4.8.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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34
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Jolivet-Reynaud C, Lésenéchal M, O'Donnell B, Becquart L, Foussadier A, Forge F, Battail-Poirot N, Lacoux X, Carman W, Jolivet M. Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen epitopes present on variants and specifically recognised by anti-hepatitis B surface antigen monoclonal antibodies. J Med Virol 2001; 65:241-9. [PMID: 11536229 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Small hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is considered to be the best marker for the diagnosis of Hepatitis B virus infection. However, HBsAg variants with mutations within the "a" determinant may be poorly or not detected by diagnostic assays. Three anti-HBsAg monoclonal antibodies (6H6B6, 27E7F10, and 2G2G10), directed against conformational epitopes, were tested for their ability to detect the wild-type HBsAg as well as variant forms and their respective epitopes were localised on the HBsAg sequence by using the phage-displayed peptide library technology. Whereas 6H6B6 did not detect mutations T123N, S143L, D144A and G145R, 27E7F10 binding was affected by mutations P120T and G145R. In contrast, 2G2G10 reacted strongly with all tested variants including variant with the G145R mutation. Part of the 6H6B6 epitope was located in the major hydrophilic region (MHR) at residues 101-105, the 27E7F10 epitope (residues 214-219) was located near the C-terminal end of the antigen and the 2G2G10 epitope at residues 199-208, within the theoretical fourth transmembrane helix. The 2G2G10 epitope localisation brings information about the HBsAg structure and the validity of established topological models. Finally, 2G2G10 is a valuable tool for HBsAg variant detection that is used as capture phase in a new bioMérieux diagnostic assay, which is currently in development.
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35
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McNab AA, Martin P, Benger R, O'Donnell B, Kourt G. A prospective randomized study comparing division of the pedicle of modified hughes flaps at two or four weeks. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2001; 17:317-9. [PMID: 11642485 DOI: 10.1097/00002341-200109000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the incidence of upper and lower eyelid malposition or other complications when the pedicle in modified Hughes flap repair of the lower eyelid is divided at 2 versus 4 weeks. METHODS A prospective randomized study. Data were collected on patient age and sex, horizontal tumor dimension, upper and lower eyelid position before surgery and 3 months after division of the pedicle, and any complications. RESULTS Complete data from 60 patients were collected, with 32 patients in the 2-week group and 28 patients in the 4-week group. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of sex, age, or tumor dimensions. In the 2-week group, the upper eyelid was within 1 mm of its preoperative position at 3 months in 25 of 32 patients (78.1%) and in 26 of 28 (92.8%) in the 4-week group. The lower eyelid was within 1 mm of its normal position in 27 of 32 patients in the 2-week group (84.4%) versus 25 of 28 (89.3%) in the 4-week group. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the 2- and 4-week groups for upper and lower eyelid position at 3 months. Other complications were uncommon and evenly spread between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS A modified Hughes flap pedicle may be divided at 2 weeks with no increased incidence in upper or lower eyelid malposition or other complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A McNab
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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36
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Sutherland JE, Hoehns JD, O'Donnell B, Wiblin RT. Diabetes management quality improvement in a family practice residency program. J Am Board Fam Pract 2001; 14:243-51. [PMID: 11458966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a devastating chronic disease. Although optimal diabetes control reduces chronic complications, actual provision of diabetes care frequently falls short of accepted guidelines. We wanted to determine whether locally developed diabetes care initiatives can result in improvements in the provision of diabetes care. METHODS This study was a retrospective cohort analysis using Medicare claims and chart abstraction data to ascertain diabetes care indicator utilization rates at the Northeast Iowa Family Practice Clinic (NEIFPC), which serves as the training site for the Northeast Iowa Family Practice Residency Program. Diabetic patients receiving care at the NEIFPC during 1996, 1997, and 1998 were included. Diabetes care rates are compared with those of other Iowa practices. Diabetes initiatives included chart audits, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement reminder cards, educational symposia, an endocrinology outreach clinic, resident elective rotations, diabetes flow sheet utilization, pharmacist interface, and nursing foot-examination preparations. The primary outcome was the utilization rate of accepted diabetes care indicators. RESULTS Diabetic patients at NEIFPC had greater utilization of diabetes care indicators than did patients of Iowa collaborators in 1997 and 1998. NEIFPC patients had HbA1c levels measured more frequently in 1997 and 1998 (84% and 88%, respectively) than did patients of Iowa collaborators (49% and 41%, respectively) (P < .001). The mean 1997 and 1998 HbA1c levels of 7.32% and 7.25%, respectively, are impressive compared with that of Iowa collaborators (8.83% and 8.36%) (P < .001) and other published data (8.5%-10%). The percentage of NEIFPC patients with good glycemic control (HbA1c < 8%) was 75%, compared with the reported 50% of all US patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that multimodal diabetes care quality improvement initiatives, applied longitudinally, can result in significant improvements in the provision and documentation of diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Sutherland
- Northeast Iowa Family Practice Program, Waterloo 50702, USA
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37
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the success rate of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for epiphora in patients with a clinically patent lacrmal drainage system. METHODS A series of 51 patients, 12 men and 39 women, who underwent DCR surgery for epiphora with a clinically patent lacrimal drainage system in the background of normal eyelid examination, were evaluated. All patients underwent fluorescein dye disappearance testing and Jones 1 and 2 testing with dacryocystograms in borderline cases. A standard DCR was performed with bicanalicular silicone tubing inserted in all cases. The average time for the removal of the silicone tubes was 9.6 weeks. RESULTS In 48 cases (94%) there was improvement in symptoms with minimal or no significant epiphora postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Epiphora with a patent lacrimal drainage system obstruction can be successfully treated by DCR based on fluorescein dye disappearance tests and Jones 1 and 2 tests, with dacryocystography in borderline cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Donnell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal North Shore Hospital and St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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38
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Ireland JH, O'Donnell B, Basuni AA, Kean JD, Wallace LA, Lau GK, Carman WF. Reactivity of 13 in vitro expressed hepatitis B surface antigen variants in 7 commercial diagnostic assays. Hepatology 2000; 31:1176-82. [PMID: 10796895 DOI: 10.1053/he.2000.6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The primary marker of current hepatitis B infection is the surface antigen (HBsAg), however HBsAg negativity does not exclude hepatitis B viremia. HBsAg variants can be responsible for such diagnostic failures. Here 13 different HBsAg variants were cloned, variant protein produced in a mammalian expression system, and tested using 7 commercial HBsAg diagnostic assays. Of 12 variants analyzed, 6 samples displayed similar reactivity to the positive control (containing standard HBsAg sequence) in most of the assays, but 6 samples, containing various mutations throughout the entire major hydrophilic region (MHR), showed reduced reactivity. It was found that the loss of cysteine at amino acid (aa) 124 in 1 sample affected the secretion as well as the reactivity of HBsAg in the expression system. Thus, not all assays are equally able to detect HBsAg variants, implying that, to attain an acceptable level of sensitivity, the antibody repertoire of the current assays should be extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ireland
- Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland
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39
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Kimble M, Lyons M, O'Donnell B, Nestor P, Niznikiewicz M, Toomey R. The effect of family status and schizotypy on electrophysiologic measures of attention and semantic processing. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:402-12. [PMID: 10704952 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in both attention and language are central to the phenomenology of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of two factors, family status and schizotypy, on electrophysiologic measures of attention and semantic processing in family members of individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS Fifteen first-degree relatives of individuals with schizophrenia and 15 comparison subject controls participated in diagnostic evaluations, an assessment of schizotypy, and two event-related potential (ERP) paradigms. The first paradigm was an auditory P300 "oddball" task designed to assess attentional functioning. The second was an N400 sentence paradigm particularly sensitive to language processing. RESULTS Both relatives and individuals higher in schizotypy, but not their respective comparison groups, showed reductions in P300 amplitude. In the N400 paradigm, individuals higher in schizotypy, but not relatives, showed a reduced N400 effect. There were no differences in latency for either group on either component. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that both family status and schizotypal presentation independently contribute to disturbances in electrophysiologic measures sensitive to attention and language. Whereas higher levels of schizotypy appear to be associated with disturbances in both attention and language processing, family membership appears to place individuals at risk for attentional deficits alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kimble
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies have evaluated the parietal lobe in schizophrenia despite the fact that it has an important role in attention, memory, and language-all functions that have been reported to be abnormal in schizophrenia. The inferior parietal lobule, in particular, is of interest because it is not only part of the heteromodal association cortex but also is part of the semantic-lexical network, which also includes the planum temporale. Both the inferior parietal lobule, particularly the angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobule, and the planum temporale are brain regions that play a critical role as biological substrates of language and thought. The authors compared volume and asymmetry measures of the individual gyri of the parietal lobe by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. METHOD MRI scans with a 1. 5-Tesla magnet were obtained from 15 male chronic schizophrenic and 15 comparison subjects matched for age, gender, and parental socioeconomic status. RESULTS Inferior parietal lobule volumes showed a leftward asymmetry (left 7.0% larger than right) in comparison subjects and a reversed asymmetry (left 6.3% smaller than right) in schizophrenic subjects. The angular gyrus accounted for this difference in asymmetry, with the left angular gyrus being significantly larger (18.7%) than the right in comparison subjects, a finding that was not observed in schizophrenic patients. A further test of angular gyrus asymmetry showed a reversal of the normal left-greater-than-right asymmetry in the schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia showed a reversed asymmetry in the inferior parietal lobule that was localized to the angular gyrus, a structure belonging to the heteromodal association cortex as well as being part of the semantic-lexical network. This finding contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the neural substrates of language and thought disorder in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Niznikiewicz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, VA Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA 02301, USA
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O'Donnell B, Wuebbolt G, Collin R. Primary (localised non-familial) conjunctival amyloidosis. Eye (Lond) 1999; 12 ( Pt 5):902. [PMID: 10070538 DOI: 10.1038/eye.1998.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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42
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O'Donnell B, Dervan P, Codd M, Powell F, Lawlor D, O'Loughlin S. A clinicopathological correlation of 134 stage 1 and 79 non-invasive cutaneous melanomas presenting over a decade (1984-1993) at the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin. Ir J Med Sci 1998; 167:132-5. [PMID: 9780558 DOI: 10.1007/bf02937922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In a study of malignant melanoma during the period 1984-1993, 134 (63 per cent) had invasive melanoma and in 79 (37 per cent) melanoma was confined to the epidermis (in situ). There was female predominance, F: M = 2.4 : 1, a family history of melanoma in 1.5 per cent, a mean age at diagnosis of 50 yr. Females presented a decade earlier than males on average. Over half of invasive melanomas in females occurred on lower limbs; 40 per cent of lesions in males occurred on the trunk. Almost one third of lesions in males and over two thirds in females occurred in sun exposed area. Sixty per cent of invasive lesions were of the superficial spreading type and half of all lesions were histologically thin [less than 1.5 mm vertical depth]. Surprisingly, median lesion thickness was lower in males, probably reflecting the greater frequency of nodular lesions in females compared to males (36 per cent -v- 24 per cent). The marked increase in the number of invasive melanoma patients presenting in the second half of the decade studied (treble that of the first half) probably reflects an increase in melanoma incidence. Over the decade no change in invasive melanoma type, anatomical site or histological thickness was noted, the latter suggesting a failure to diagnose melanoma at an increasingly earlier stage. An official melanoma public education programme is required, particularly as half of the patients delayed 1 yr or more before seeking medical advice. However it is encouraging that, of the invasive melanomas, 30 per cent were small (< 10 mm), 50 per cent were histologically thin and that 37 per cent of all melanomas were in situ. The melanoma-in-situ group had a similar gender ratio and mean age at diagnosis to the invasive melanoma patients but lesions were smaller, were predominantly on the head, neck and limbs with lentigo melanoma as the commonest type.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Donnell
- Regional Centre of Dermatology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin
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Potter J, Stott DJ, Roberts MA, Elder AG, O'Donnell B, Knight PV, Carman WF. Influenza vaccination of health care workers in long-term-care hospitals reduces the mortality of elderly patients. J Infect Dis 1997; 175:1-6. [PMID: 8985189 PMCID: PMC7109672 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/175.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination of health care workers (HCWs) is recommended as a strategy for preventing influenza in elderly patients in long-term care. However, there have been no controlled studies to show whether this approach is effective. During the winter of 1994-1995, 1059 patients in 12 geriatric medical long-term-care sites, randomized for vaccination of HCWs, were studied. In hospitals where HCWs were offered vaccination, 653 (61%) of 1078 were vaccinated. Vaccination of HCWs was associated with reductions in total patient mortality from 17% to 10% (odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.80) and in influenza-like illness (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.34-0.94). Vaccination of patients was not associated with significant effects on mortality (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.81-1.64). Results of this study support recommendations for vaccination against influenza of HCWs in long-term geriatric care. Vaccination of frail elderly long-term-care patients may not give clinically worthwhile benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Potter
- Division of Virology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Potter J, Roberts M, Carman B, O'Donnell B, Stott D. Serological Response to Influenza Vaccine and Nutritional Status of Geriatric Medical Long-Term Care Patients. Age Ageing 1997. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/26.suppl_1.p28-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Elder AG, O'Donnell B, McCruden EA, Symington IS, Carman WF. Incidence and recall of influenza in a cohort of Glasgow healthcare workers during the 1993-4 epidemic: results of serum testing and questionnaire. BMJ 1996; 313:1241-2. [PMID: 8939114 PMCID: PMC2352563 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.313.7067.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Elder
- Glasgow Occupational Health, Stobhill NHS Trust
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O'Donnell B. Medical insurance in Republic of Ireland. BMJ 1995; 311:1572. [PMID: 8520423 PMCID: PMC2548176 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.311.7019.1572b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid of the eyelid conjunctiva is an extremely rare condition which may result in chronic discomfort and multiple surgeries. METHODS A retrospective study of four patients from Moorfields Eye Hospital is presented to assess the clinical features and results of surgical treatment. RESULTS Three patients had persistent ocular irritation and required multiple surgical procedures for recurrent amyloid. However, one patient has been followed for nearly 30 years with relatively few symptoms, and has required only infrequent surgical intervention. All patients underwent debulking and ptosis surgery at least once. The more severe clinical course was not related to the type of amyloid protein present. Shave excision of recurrent tarsal conjunctival amyloid with split-thickness mucous membrane grafting was successfully tried in one patient in order to minimise postoperative cicatrisation of the posterior lamella. CONCLUSION The clinical course of patients with eyelid amyloid may vary greatly. Management should be conservative when possible, but surgery is an integral part of management since debulking of amyloid deposits and ptosis surgery was required in all patients in this series.
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O'Donnell B, Black AK. Urticarial vasculitis. INT ANGIOL 1995; 14:166-74. [PMID: 8609443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Urticarial vasculitis describes a distinct entity in which the gross cutaneous lesions resemble urticaria and histologically show features of a vasculitis. The incidence of vasculitis in patients with apparent urticaria is between 2% and 20%. The diagnosis is suggested clinically by more persistent (lasting > 24 hours) and more symptomatic weals than in ordinary urticaria and by the presence of residual bruising. In addition to the skin the musculoskeletal, respiratory, renal and gastrointestinal systems may be involved in the disease, which is probably an immune complex mediated process. Urticarial vasculitis is most commonly an acquired idiopathic phenomenon but may occur in association with other disorders most often systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome and serum sickness. In this article we review the background, histopathology, clinical features, extracutaneous manifestations, pathogenesis, aetiology, associated diseases, investigation, treatment, course and prognosis of urticarial vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Donnell
- Guy's Medical School, St. John's Institute of Dermatology, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A simplified procedure is proposed for the repair of medial lower eyelid age-related ectropion. METHODS A posterior horizontal incision is made in the medial half of the lower eyelid at the inferior border of tarsus. The lower eyelid retractors are exposed and then plicated to the tarsus without excision of posterior lamellae or the use of everting sutures. The lid is then shortened horizontally with excision of a pentagonal section or lateral tarsal strip procedure. RESULTS The procedure was performed in six patients successfully without complication. CONCLUSIONS This is an effective method for repair of lower lid medial age-related ectropion.
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