Standardized risk-stratified cardiac assessment and early posttransplant cardiovascular complications in kidney transplant recipients

Introduction

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipient (KTR). There is a dearth of standardized guidelines on optimal cardiovascular evaluation of transplant candidates.

Methods

This single-center cohort study aims to determine the effectiveness of our standardized risk-stratified pretransplant cardiovascular screening protocol, which includes coronary angiography (CAG), in identifying advanced CVD, the proper pretransplant management of which could lead to a reduction in the incidence of major cardiac events (MACE) in the early posttransplant period.

Results

Out of the total 776 KTR transplanted between 2017 and 2019, CAG was performed on 541 patients (69.7%), of whom 22.4% were found to have obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Asymptomatic obstructive CAD was observed in 70.2% of cases. In 73.6% of cases, CAG findings resulted in myocardial revascularization. MACE occurred in 5.6% (N = 44) of the 23 KTR with pretransplant CVD and 21 without pretransplant CVD. KTR with posttransplant MACE occurrence had significantly worse kidney graft function at the first year posttransplant (p = 0.00048) and worse patient survival rates (p = 0.0063) during the 3-year follow-up period compared with KTR without MACE. After adjustment, the independent significant factors for MACE were arrhythmia (HR 2.511, p = 0.02, 95% CI 1.158-5.444), pretransplant history of acute myocardial infarction (HR 0.201, p = 0.046, 95% CI 0.042-0.970), and pretransplant myocardial revascularization (HR 0.225, p = 0.045, 95% CI 0.052-0.939).

Conclusion

Asymptomatic CVD is largely prevalent in KTR. Posttransplant MACE has a negative effect on grafts and patient outcomes. Further research is needed to assess the benefits of pretransplant myocardial revascularization in asymptomatic kidney transplant candidates.

Successful Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock Due to Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy With Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Acute Mitral Regurgitation by Impella CP

Treatment of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) with left ventricular outflow obstruction (LVOTO) remains challenging. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as a bridge to myocardial recovery is sometimes the only therapeutic option, even though the optimal type of MCS is still under debate. This report describes a case of TC complicated by cardiogenic shock due to LVOTO and severe mitral regurgitation that was successfully treated with the latest generation percutaneous pump Impella CP®.

Real-World Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Polymer-Free Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Implantations to Treat Coronary Artery Disease

Objectives

The objective of this post hoc analysis was to analyze real-world dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimens following polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent (PF-SES) implantations in an unselected patient population.

Methods

Patient-level data from two all-comers observational studies (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02629575 and NCT02905214) were pooled and analyzed in terms of their primary endpoint. During the data verification process, we observed substantial deviations from DAPT guideline recommendations. To illuminate this gap between clinical practice and guideline recommendations, we conducted a post hoc analysis of DAPT regimens and clinical event rates for which we defined the net adverse event rate (NACE) consisting of target lesion revascularization (TLR, primary endpoint of all-comers observational studies) all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and bleeding events. A logistic regression was utilized to determine predictors why ticagrelor was used in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients instead of the guideline-recommended clopidogrel.

Results

For stable CAD, the composite endpoint of clinical, bleeding, and stent thrombosis, i.e., NACE, between the clopidogrel and ticagrelor treatment groups was not different (5.4% vs. 5.1%, p = 0.745). Likewise, in the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cohort, the NACE rates were not different between both DAPT strategies (9.2% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.927). There were also no differences in the accumulated rates for TLR, myocardial infarction ([MI], mortality, bleeding events, and stent thrombosis in elective and ACS patients. The main predictors for ticagrelor use in stable CAD patients were age < 65 years, smaller vessels, treatment of ostial and calcified lesions, and in-stent restenosis.

Conclusion

Within the framework of a post hoc analysis based on a real-world, large cohort study, there were no differences in the combined endpoint of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), bleeding and thrombotic events for clopidogrel and ticagrelor in stable CAD or ACS patients. Despite the recommendation for clopidogrel by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), real-world ticagrelor use was observed in subgroups of stable CAD patients that ought to be explored in future trials.

Unrestricted use of polymer-free sirolimus eluting stents in routine clinical practice

Stent designs with ultrathin struts may further increase the procedural success of challenging lesion subsets. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of ultrathin strut, polymer-free sirolimus eluting stent (PF-SES) implantations in a large scale, unselected patient population.Adult patients underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with a thin-strut PF-SES. Data from two all-comers observational studies having the same protocol (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02629575 and NCT02905214) were pooled. The accumulated target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at 9-12 months was the primary endpoint. All dual antiplatelet therapy strategies according to the applicable guidelines were permissible.In total, 7243 patients were prospectively enrolled for PCI with PF-SES in stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Major risk factors in the overall cohort were diabetes (37.3%), ST elevation myocardial infarction (18.1%) and non-ST myocardial infarction (24.6%). The follow-up rate was 88.6% in the overall population. The TLR rate in the overall cohort was 2.2% whereas definite/probable stent thrombosis (ST) occurred in 0.7%. In patients with in-stent restenosis lesions, the major adverse cardiac events rate was 6.4% whereas the corresponding rate for isolated left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease was highest with 6.7% followed by patients with culprit lesions in vein bypasses (VB, 7.1%). The mortality rate in patients treated in VB lesions was highest with 5.4%, followed by the isolated LMCA subgroup (3.4%) and ACS (2.6%).PCI with PF-SES in an unselected patient population, is associated with low clinical event and ST rates. Furthermore, PF-SES angioplasty in niche indications demonstrated favorable safety and efficacy outcomes with high procedural success rates.

Polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stent use in Europe and Asia: Ethnic differences in demographics and clinical outcomes

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to assess regional and ethnic differences in an unselected patient population treated with polymer-free sirolimus-eluting stents (PF-SES) in Asia and Europe.

METHODS

Two all-comers observational studies based on the same protocol (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02629575 and NCT02905214) were combined for data analysis to assure sufficient statistical power. The primary endpoint was the accumulated target lesion revascularization (TLR) rate at 9-12 months.

RESULTS

Of the total population of 7243 patients, 44.0% (3186) were recruited in the Mediterranean region and 32.0% (2317) in central Europe. The most prominent Asian region was South Korea (17.6%, 1274) followed by Malaysia (5.7%, 413). Major cardiovascular risk factors varied significantly across regions. The overall rates for accumulated TLR and MACE were low with 2.2% (140/6374) and 4.4% (279/6374), respectively. In ACS patients, there were no differences in terms of MACE, TLR, MI and accumulated mortality between the investigated regions. Moreover, dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) regimens were substantially longer in Asian countries even in patients with stable coronary artery disease as compared to those in Europe.

CONCLUSIONS

PF-SES angioplasty is associated with low clinical event rates in all regions. Further reductions in clinical event rates seem to be associated with longer DAPT regimens.

[Vascular complications in transcatheter aortic valve implantation in IKEM]

AIM

Retrograde transfemoral arterial approach is the most common technique of transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Diameter of available catheters is the limiting factor for percutaneous usage. We currently use 18 French third generation Medtronic Core Valve system. We retrospectively analyzed procedure related complications in our patient cohort.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Transcatheter aortic vale implantation with 18 French Medtronic Core Valve was performed in 35 patients (23 females, 12 males) in between 12/2008 and 7/2010.

RESULTS

Mean age was 81.4 +/- 6.1 years (range 69-92), mean logistics EuroSCORE was 19.3 +/- 8.9% (range 8-42), mean aortic valve gradient 59.8 +/- 19.8 mm Hg (range 30-86 mm Hg (mean indexed aortic valve area 0.37 +/- 0.11 cm.

Clinical safety and efficacy of a novel thin-strut cobalt-chromium coronary stent system: results of the real world Coroflex Blue Registry

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this registry was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the Coroflex Blue cobalt-chromium stent in real-world practice.

BACKGROUND

The development of cobalt-chromium bare-metal stents (BMS) with thinner struts has lead to better deliverability and lower target-lesion revascularization rates compared with stainless steel BMS.

METHODS

The Coroflex Blue Registry was an international, prospective, multicenter registry enrolling patients with symptomatic ischemic heart disease attributable to single de novo or restenotic nonstented lesions of a single vessel amenable for percutaneous stenting. The primary end point was clinically driven target-lesion revascularisation (TLR) 6 months after enrolment, secondary endpoints were technical/procedural success, in-hospital outcome, definite stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, or TLR) after 6 months.

RESULTS

The registry included 2,315 patients (mean age 64.3 +/- 11.1 years, 19.8% diabetes, 37.3% acute myocardial infarction). Although a complex lesion cohort with 60.3% Typ B(2)/C-lesions, the technical success rate was 99.1% and the procedural success rate 98.5%. The incidence of TLR after 6 months was 5.5% and the cumulative 6-month acute/subacute stent thrombosis rate was 1.6%. After 6 months cumulative event-free survival was 90.8% in all patients and 87% in patients with acute PCI for acute myocardial infarction.

CONCLUSIONS

This registry demonstrates the safety and efficacy of the Coroflex Blue cobalt-chromium stent platform in real-world practice. In the era of drug-eluting stents (DES), these results raise the serious question if the use of DES for primary prevention of restenosis and TLR is really justified.

Risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease of a grafted heart as detected very early after orthotopic heart transplantation

Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHTx) represents a well established method of end-stage heart failure treatment. Allograft coronary artery disease (CAD) still remains to be one of the most important limiting factors for OHTx recipients' long-term survival. Unfortunately, allograft CAD can be detected very early after OHTx. Our study was designed to identify risk factors for early allograft CAD development. Eighty-three OHTx recipients (18 females, 65 males, mean age 50.55 +/- 11.04 years) with coronary intravascular ultrasound examination performed early after OHTx (29.81 +/- 12.45 days) formed the study population. The impact of a number of pre-, peri- and early post-transplant possible risk factors on early allograft CAD development was studied. By multivariate analysis, only higher donor age (P < 0.001) and higher recipient's body mass index (P = 0.003) were found to represent risk factors for the early development of allograft CAD.