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Bassi C, Ho J, Srikumar T, Dowling RJO, Gorrini C, Miller SJ, Mak TW, Neel BG, Raught B, Stambolic V. Nuclear PTEN controls DNA repair and sensitivity to genotoxic stress. Science 2013; 341:395-9. [PMID: 23888040 DOI: 10.1126/science.1236188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Loss of function of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene is associated with many human cancers. In the cytoplasm, PTEN antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. PTEN also accumulates in the nucleus, where its function remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that SUMOylation (SUMO, small ubiquitin-like modifier) of PTEN controls its nuclear localization. In cells exposed to genotoxic stress, SUMO-PTEN was rapidly excluded from the nucleus dependent on the protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Cells lacking nuclear PTEN were hypersensitive to DNA damage, whereas PTEN-deficient cells were susceptible to killing by a combination of genotoxic stress and a small-molecule PI3K inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings may have implications for individualized therapy for patients with PTEN-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bassi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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Abstract
Loss of function of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene is associated with many human cancers. In the cytoplasm, PTEN antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. PTEN also accumulates in the nucleus, where its function remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that SUMOylation (SUMO, small ubiquitin-like modifier) of PTEN controls its nuclear localization. In cells exposed to genotoxic stress, SUMO-PTEN was rapidly excluded from the nucleus dependent on the protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Cells lacking nuclear PTEN were hypersensitive to DNA damage, whereas PTEN-deficient cells were susceptible to killing by a combination of genotoxic stress and a small-molecule PI3K inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings may have implications for individualized therapy for patients with PTEN-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bassi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
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Cappello P, Blaser H, Gorrini C, Lin DCC, Elia AJ, Wakeham A, Haider S, Boutros PC, Mason JM, Miller NA, Youngson B, Done SJ, Mak TW. Role of Nek2 on centrosome duplication and aneuploidy in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:2375-84. [PMID: 23708664 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common solid tumor and the second most common cause of death in women. Despite a large body of literature and progress in breast cancer research, many molecular aspects of this complex disease are still poorly understood, hindering the design of specific and effective therapeutic strategies. To identify the molecules important in breast cancer progression and metastasis, we tested the in vivo effects of inhibiting the functions of various kinases and genes involved in the regulation/modulation of the cytoskeleton by downregulating them in mouse PyMT mammary tumor cells and human breast cancer cell lines. These kinases and cytoskeletal regulators were selected based on their prognostic values for breast cancer patient survival. PyMT tumor cells, in which a selected gene was stably knocked down were injected into the tail veins of mice, and the formation of tumors in the lungs was monitored. One of the several genes found to be important for tumor growth in the lungs was NIMA-related kinases 2 (Nek2), a cell cycle-related protein kinase. Furthermore, Nek2 was also important for tumor growth in the mammary fat pad. In various human breast cancer cell lines, Nek2 knockdown induced aneuploidy and cell cycle arrest that led to cell death. Significantly, the breast cancer cell line most sensitive to Nek2 depletion was of the triple negative breast cancer subtype. Our data indicate that Nek2 has a pivotal role in breast cancer growth at primary and secondary sites, and thus may be an attractive and novel therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cappello
- 1] The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - H Blaser
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Gorrini
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D C C Lin
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, TMDT East Tower, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A J Elia
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Wakeham
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Haider
- Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P C Boutros
- Informatics and Biocomputing Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Mason
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, TMDT East Tower, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N A Miller
- 1] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Youngson
- 1] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S J Done
- 1] The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [3] Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Harris IS, Blaser H, Moreno J, Treloar AE, Gorrini C, Sasaki M, Mason JM, Knobbe CB, Rufini A, Hallé M, Elia AJ, Wakeham A, Tremblay ML, Melino G, Done S, Mak TW. PTPN12 promotes resistance to oxidative stress and supports tumorigenesis by regulating FOXO signaling. Oncogene 2013; 33:1047-54. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calderaro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Calderaro A, Piccolo G, Peruzzi S, Gorrini C, Dettori G, Chezzi C. VALUTAZIONE DEI SAGGI VIDIATM TOXOPLASMOSI IgM /IgG. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Peruzzi S, Gorrini C, Piccolo G, Villanacci V, Missale G, Dettori G, Chezzi C. SPIROCHETOSI INTESTINALE UMANA ASSOCIATA A LESIONI CANCEROSE E DISPLASTICHE DELLA MUCOSA DEL COLON. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Gorrini C, Piccolo G, Peruzzi S, Dettori G, Chezzi C. GENOTIPIZZAZIONE DI CEPPI DI Entamoeba histolytica IDENTIFICATI A PARMA: RISULTATI PRELIMINARI. Microbiol Med 2007. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2007.2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Piccolo G, Perandin F, Gorrini C, Peruzzi S, Zuelli C, Ricci L, Manca N, Dettori G, Chezzi C, Snounou G. Genetic polymorphisms influence Plasmodium ovale PCR detection accuracy. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:1624-7. [PMID: 17360843 PMCID: PMC1865880 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02316-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of Plasmodium ovale by use of a nested PCR assay with a novel Plasmodium ovale primer set was superior to detection of Plasmodium ovale by real-time PCR assays. Nested PCR was also better at detecting P. malariae. The detection of P. ovale in many patients first admitted >2 months following their return to Italy indicated that P. ovale relapses are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calderaro
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Viale A. Gramsci, 14-43100 Parma, Italy.
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Calderaro A, Bommezzadri S, Gorrini C, Piccolo G, Peruzzi S, Dettori G, Chezzi C. Comparative evaluation of molecular assays for the identification of intestinal spirochaetes from diseased pigs. Vet Microbiol 2006; 118:91-100. [PMID: 16879935 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid identification of porcine Brachyspira species is required in order to differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic species. The aim of our study was to compare a recently described genetic method based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), nox RFLP-PCR assay, and three species-specific PCRs described previously in the literature with a 16S rRNA gene RFLP-PCR discriminatory reference assay (16S RFLP-PCR) for the identification of Brachyspira spp. of swine origin. In this study, 20 porcine spirochaetal strains were identified and compared to 33 reference strains by 16S RFLP-PCR and nox RFLP-PCR and three species-specific PCRs. RFLP-PCR methods showed concordant results for 47 strains and discordances for 6 strains (2 differently identified and 4 not revealed by nox RFLP-PCR). In our hands species-specific PCRs showed concordant results with 16S and nox RFLP-PCR for 43 strains and discordances for 10 strains (2 differently identified and 8 not amplified). The same results observed testing the 20 field-isolated spirochaetes were obtained for the corresponding porcine faecal samples. The detection limit was 10(2) -10(3) cells/g of faeces for 16S rRNA gene PCR and 10(4) cells/g of faeces for nox PCR. In our experience nox RFLP-PCR appeared successful for the speciation of B. hyodysenteriae reserving 16S RFLP-PCR for all other pathogenic and non-pathogenic Brachyspira species. Among the species-specific PCR assays tested only that for B. pilosicoli was useful in our hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calderaro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Section of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Viale A. Gramsci, 14-43100 Parma, Italy.
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Scovassi A, Gorrini C, Pastori W, Ciomei M. Analysis of Brostallicin Effect on Different Human Gastrointestinal Cancer Cell Lines. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2006. [DOI: 10.2174/157018006778194682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Calderaro A, Piccolo G, Peruzzi S, Gorrini C, Bommezzadri S, Dettori G, Chezzi C. CONFRONTO TRA DUE SAGGI DI REAL-TIME PCR ED UNA NESTED PCR PER LA DIAGNOSIDI TO XOPLASMOSI. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Gorrini C, Piccolo G, Peruzzi S, Bommezzadri S, Dettori G, Chezzi C. LA BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE NELLA DIAGNOSTICA PARASSITOLOGICA. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.3114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Piccolo G, Gorrini C, Peruzzi S, Bommezzadri S, Dettori G, Chezzi C. EPIDEMIOLOGIA DELLA MALARIA A PARMA NEL PERIODO 2002-2006. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.3190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Gorrini C, Peruzzi S, Piccolo G, Bommezzadri S, Dettori G, Chezzi C. EPIDEMIOLOGIA DELLE PARASSITOSI INTESTINALI A PARMA NELL’ANNO 2005. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Gorrini C, Piccolo G, Peruzzi S, Bommezzadri S, Dettori G, Chezzi C. CASI DI AMEBIASI A PARMA NEL PERIODO 2003-2006. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Piccolo G, Perandin F, Gorrini C, Peruzzi S, Ricci L, Manca N, Snounou G, Dettori G, Chezzi C. MESSA A PUNTO DI UNA NESTED-PCR PER IDENTIFICARE CEPPI DI P.OVALE CON POLIMORFISMO GENETICO NEL 18S-rDNA. Microbiol Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2006.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Gorrini C, Bommezzadri S, Piccolo G, Dettori G, Chezzi C. CONFRONTO TRA DUE SAGGI DI PCR PER LA DIAGNOSI DI LABORATORIO DI AMEBIASI. Microbiol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2005.3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Calderaro A, Bommezzadri S, Gorrini C, Piccolo G, Peruzzi S, Villanacci V, Dettori G, Chezzi C. SPIROCHETOSI INTESTINALE: INFEZIONE EMERGENTE? TRE ANNI DI INDAGINI A PARMA. Microbiol Med 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2005.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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