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Miodownik D, Bierman D, Thornton C, Moo T, Feigin K, Damato A, Le T, Williamson M, Prasad K, Chu B, Dauer L, Saphier N, Zanzonico P, Morrow M, Bellamy M. Radioactive seed localization is a safe and effective tool for breast cancer surgery: an evaluation of over 25,000 cases. J Radiol Prot 2024; 44:011511. [PMID: 38295404 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ad246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Radioactive seed localization (RSL) provides a precise and efficient method for removing non-palpable breast lesions. It has proven to be a valuable addition to breast surgery, improving perioperative logistics and patient satisfaction. This retrospective review examines the lessons learned from a high-volume cancer center's RSL program after 10 years of practice and over 25 000 cases. We provide an updated model for assessing the patient's radiation dose from RSL seed implantation and demonstrate the safety of RSL to staff members. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of various aspects of presurgical evaluation, surgical techniques, post-surgical management, and regulatory compliance for a successful RSL program. Notably, the program has reduced radiation exposure for patients and medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Miodownik
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - D Bierman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - C Thornton
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - T Moo
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - K Feigin
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - A Damato
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - T Le
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - M Williamson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - K Prasad
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - B Chu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - L Dauer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - N Saphier
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - P Zanzonico
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - M Morrow
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - M Bellamy
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
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Jonnerby J, von Boetticher A, Holloway J, Corner L, Picksley A, Ross AJ, Shalloo RJ, Thornton C, Bourgeois N, Walczak R, Hooker SM. Measurement of the decay of laser-driven linear plasma wakefields. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:055211. [PMID: 38115527 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.055211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the temporal decay rate of one-dimensional (1D), linear Langmuir waves excited by an ultrashort laser pulse. Langmuir waves with relative amplitudes of approximately 6% were driven by 1.7J, 50fs laser pulses in hydrogen and deuterium plasmas of density n_{e0}=8.4×10^{17}cm^{-3}. The wakefield lifetimes were measured to be τ_{wf}^{H_{2}}=(9±2) ps and τ_{wf}^{D_{2}}=(16±8) ps, respectively, for hydrogen and deuterium. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with 2D particle-in-cell simulations. In addition to being of fundamental interest, these results are particularly relevant to the development of laser wakefield accelerators and wakefield acceleration schemes using multiple pulses, such as multipulse laser wakefield accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jonnerby
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A von Boetticher
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Holloway
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L Corner
- Cockcroft Institute of Accelerator Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - A Picksley
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A J Ross
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - R J Shalloo
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Thornton
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - N Bourgeois
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R Walczak
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S M Hooker
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
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Pandelides Z, Sturgis MC, Thornton C, Aluru N, Willett KL. Benzo[a]pyrene-induced multigenerational changes in gene expression, behavior, and DNA methylation are primarily influenced by paternal exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 469:116545. [PMID: 37146889 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is implicated in many developmental and behavioral adverse outcomes in offspring of exposed parents. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-dependent multigenerational effects of preconceptional effects of BaP exposure. Adult wild-type (5D) zebrafish were fed 708 μg BaP/g diet (measured) at a rate of 1% body weight twice/day (14 μg BaP/g fish/day) for 21 days. Fish were spawned using a crossover design, and parental (F0) behavior and reproductive indexes were measured. In offspring, behavioral effects were measured at 96 h post fertilization (hpf) in F1 & F2 larvae, and again when F1s were adults. Compared to controls, there was no significant effect on F0 adult behavior immediately following exposure, but locomotor activity was significantly increased in F1 adults of both sexes. Larval behavior (96 hpf, photomotor response assay) was significantly altered in both the F1 and F2 generations. To assess molecular changes associated with BaP exposure, we conducted transcriptome and DNA methylation profiling in F0 gametes (sperm and eggs) and F1 embryos (10 hpf) from all four crosses. Embryos resulting from the BaP male and control female cross had the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Some DMRs were associated with genes encoding chromatin modifying enzymes suggesting regulation of chromatin conformation by DNA methylation. Overall, these results suggest that parental dietary BaP exposure significantly contributes to the multigenerational adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Pandelides
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States of America
| | - M C Sturgis
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States of America
| | - C Thornton
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States of America
| | - N Aluru
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - K L Willett
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, United States of America.
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Thornton C, Magaret A, Carmody L, Kalikin L, Simon R, LiPuma J, Caverly L. 114 Use of daily home spirometry to predict clinical outcomes in persons with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Izydorczyk C, Waddell B, Thornton C, Somayaji R, Conly J, Church D, Surrette M, Parkins M. 444: Genetic diversity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infecting adults with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Acosta N, Thornton C, Somayaji R, Surrette M, Rabin H, Parkins M. 484: A 20-year longitudinal cohort study of the cystic fibrosis microbiome. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Picksley A, Alejo A, Shalloo RJ, Arran C, von Boetticher A, Corner L, Holloway JA, Jonnerby J, Jakobsson O, Thornton C, Walczak R, Hooker SM. Meter-scale conditioned hydrodynamic optical-field-ionized plasma channels. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:053201. [PMID: 33327141 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate through experiments and numerical simulations that low-density, low-loss, meter-scale plasma channels can be generated by employing a conditioning laser pulse to ionize the neutral gas collar surrounding a hydrodynamic optical-field-ionized (HOFI) plasma channel. We use particle-in-cell simulations to show that the leading edge of the conditioning pulse ionizes the neutral gas collar to generate a deep, low-loss plasma channel which guides the bulk of the conditioning pulse itself as well as any subsequently injected pulses. In proof-of-principle experiments, we generate conditioned HOFI (CHOFI) waveguides with axial electron densities of n_{e0}≈1×10^{17}cm^{-3} and a matched spot size of 26μm. The power attenuation length of these CHOFI channels was calculated to be L_{att}=(21±3)m, more than two orders of magnitude longer than achieved by HOFI channels. Hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that meter-scale CHOFI waveguides with attenuation lengths exceeding 1 m could be generated with a total laser pulse energy of only 1.2 J per meter of channel. The properties of CHOFI channels are ideally suited to many applications in high-intensity light-matter interactions, including multi-GeV plasma accelerator stages operating at high pulse repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picksley
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A Alejo
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - R J Shalloo
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Arran
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - A von Boetticher
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L Corner
- Cockcroft Institute for Accelerator Science and Technology, School of Engineering, The Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GH, United Kingdom
| | - J A Holloway
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - J Jonnerby
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - O Jakobsson
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Thornton
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R Walczak
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S M Hooker
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
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Shalloo RJ, Dann SJD, Gruse JN, Underwood CID, Antoine AF, Arran C, Backhouse M, Baird CD, Balcazar MD, Bourgeois N, Cardarelli JA, Hatfield P, Kang J, Krushelnick K, Mangles SPD, Murphy CD, Lu N, Osterhoff J, Põder K, Rajeev PP, Ridgers CP, Rozario S, Selwood MP, Shahani AJ, Symes DR, Thomas AGR, Thornton C, Najmudin Z, Streeter MJV. Automation and control of laser wakefield accelerators using Bayesian optimization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6355. [PMID: 33311487 PMCID: PMC7732832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser wakefield accelerators promise to revolutionize many areas of accelerator science. However, one of the greatest challenges to their widespread adoption is the difficulty in control and optimization of the accelerator outputs due to coupling between input parameters and the dynamic evolution of the accelerating structure. Here, we use machine learning techniques to automate a 100 MeV-scale accelerator, which optimized its outputs by simultaneously varying up to six parameters including the spectral and spatial phase of the laser and the plasma density and length. Most notably, the model built by the algorithm enabled optimization of the laser evolution that might otherwise have been missed in single-variable scans. Subtle tuning of the laser pulse shape caused an 80% increase in electron beam charge, despite the pulse length changing by just 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Shalloo
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - S J D Dann
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - J-N Gruse
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C I D Underwood
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A F Antoine
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - C Arran
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M Backhouse
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C D Baird
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - M D Balcazar
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - N Bourgeois
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - J A Cardarelli
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - P Hatfield
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - J Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - K Krushelnick
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - S P D Mangles
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C D Murphy
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - N Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - J Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Põder
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P P Rajeev
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - C P Ridgers
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - S Rozario
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M P Selwood
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - A J Shahani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - A G R Thomas
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
| | - C Thornton
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Z Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M J V Streeter
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Thornton C, Moss N, Wilkinson S. P183 Benefit of home sampling in the early detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30477-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Thornton C. Strategies for treating myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(18)30291-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stolp HB, Ball G, So PW, Tournier JD, Jones M, Thornton C, Edwards AD. Voxel-wise comparisons of cellular microstructure and diffusion-MRI in mouse hippocampus using 3D Bridging of Optically-clear histology with Neuroimaging Data (3D-BOND). Sci Rep 2018; 8:4011. [PMID: 29507311 PMCID: PMC5838167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22295-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in medical imaging is determining a precise correspondence between image properties and tissue microstructure. This comparison is hindered by disparate scales and resolutions between medical imaging and histology. We present a new technique, 3D Bridging of Optically-clear histology with Neuroimaging Data (3D-BOND), for registering medical images with 3D histology to overcome these limitations. Ex vivo 120 × 120 × 200 μm resolution diffusion-MRI (dMRI) data was acquired at 7 T from adult C57Bl/6 mouse hippocampus. Tissue was then optically cleared using CLARITY and stained with cellular markers and confocal microscopy used to produce high-resolution images of the 3D-tissue microstructure. For each sample, a dense array of hippocampal landmarks was used to drive registration between upsampled dMRI data and the corresponding confocal images. The cell population in each MRI voxel was determined within hippocampal subregions and compared to MRI-derived metrics. 3D-BOND provided robust voxel-wise, cellular correlates of dMRI data. CA1 pyramidal and dentate gyrus granular layers had significantly different mean diffusivity (p > 0.001), which was related to microstructural features. Overall, mean and radial diffusivity correlated with cell and axon density and fractional anisotropy with astrocyte density, while apparent fibre density correlated negatively with axon density. Astrocytes, axons and blood vessels correlated to tensor orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Stolp
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - G Ball
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.,Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3052, Australia
| | - P-W So
- Department of Neuroimaging, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - J-D Tournier
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - M Jones
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - C Thornton
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| | - A D Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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Cowley J, Thornton C, Arran C, Shalloo RJ, Corner L, Cheung G, Gregory CD, Mangles SPD, Matlis NH, Symes DR, Walczak R, Hooker SM. Excitation and Control of Plasma Wakefields by Multiple Laser Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:044802. [PMID: 29341755 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.044802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally the resonant excitation of plasma waves by trains of laser pulses. We also take an important first step to achieving an energy recovery plasma accelerator by showing that a plasma wave can be damped by an out-of-resonance trailing laser pulse. The measured laser wakefields are found to be in excellent agreement with analytical and numerical models of wakefield excitation in the linear regime. Our results indicate a promising direction for achieving highly controlled, GeV-scale laser-plasma accelerators operating at multikilohertz repetition rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cowley
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Thornton
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Arran
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - R J Shalloo
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - L Corner
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - G Cheung
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C D Gregory
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S P D Mangles
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - N H Matlis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - D R Symes
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R Walczak
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S M Hooker
- John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Williams
- Department of Animal and Land Sciences, Hartpury University Centre, Hartpury College, Gloucester GL19 3BE, UK
| | - D Jones
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, Hartpury University Centre, Hartpury College, Gloucester GL19 3BE, UK
| | - C Thornton
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, Hartpury University Centre, Hartpury College, Gloucester GL19 3BE, UK
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14
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Dyson AE, Thornton C, Hooker SM. A compact, low cost Marx bank for generating capillary discharge plasmas. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:093302. [PMID: 27782608 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe in detail a low power Compact Marx Bank (CMB) circuit that can provide 20 kV, 500 A pulses of approximately 100-200 ns duration. One application is the generation of capillary discharge plasmas of density ≈1018 cm-3 used in laser plasma accelerators. The CMB is triggered with a high speed solid state switch and gives a high voltage output pulse with a ns scale rise time into a 50 Ω load (coaxial cable) with <4 ns voltage jitter. Its small size (10 cm × 25 cm × 5 cm) means that it can be placed right next to the capillary discharge in the target chamber to avoid the need to impedance match. The electrical energy required per discharge is <1 J, and the CMB can be run at shot repetition rates of ≳1 Hz. This low power requirement means that the circuit can easily be powered by a small lead acid battery and, therefore, can be floated relative to laboratory earth. The CMB is readily scalable and pulses >45 kV are demonstrated in air discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Dyson
- Department of Physics and John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - C Thornton
- Department of Physics and John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
| | - S M Hooker
- Department of Physics and John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
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Berridge DC, Mercer KG, Thornton C, Weston MJ, Scott DJA. A Pilot Study Comparing the Use of Below-Knee and Above-Knee Graduated Stockings in Patients with Superficial Venous Incompetence. Phlebology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/026835559901400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Investigation of the effects of high- and low-ankle-pressure, above- and below-knee compression stockings on the haemodynamics of normal and superficially incompetent venous systems. Design: Prospective duplex study of a normal group and a venous incompetence group randomised to high- or low-pressure stockings. Setting: Vascular services of a University Hospital. Subjects: Six subjects with normal venous haemodynamics (12 limbs) and 12 patients with superficial venous incompetence (20 limbs). Methods: Subjects wore below-knee and then above-knee stockings for 1 week each. Duplex scans were performed at the outset and end of the study and on fitting and after wearing each stocking type. Main outcome measures: Duplex-derived femoral and popliteal venous velocities were measured and indexed against the initial velocity. Results: Below-knee stockings produced only minor changes. Above-knee stockings produced increased velocities in normal subjects. Similar changes were only seen with higher-pressure stockings in patients with incompetence. Conclusion: Above-knee, high-ankle-pressure stockings produce increased deep venous flow velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Berridge
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, St James's and Seacroft University Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - K. G. Mercer
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, St James's and Seacroft University Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - C. Thornton
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, St James's and Seacroft University Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - M. J. Weston
- Department of Radiology, St James's and Seacroft University Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - D. J. A. Scott
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, St James's and Seacroft University Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Erhabor O, Richardson G, Mohammed I, Thornton C, Bark J, Hurst M, Hamer D, Kinsella R. Evaluation of the QBC Star centrifugal three-part differential haematology system. Br J Biomed Sci 2016; 70:67-74. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2013.11669938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Erhabor
- Blood Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - G. Richardson
- Blood Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - I. Mohammed
- Blood Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - C. Thornton
- Blood Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - J. Bark
- Blood Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - M. Hurst
- Blood Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - D. Hamer
- Blood Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital
| | - R. Kinsella
- Blood Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Royal Bolton Hospital
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Alrashed F, Calay D, Thornton C, Bauer A, Kiprianos A, Haskard D, Boyle J, Mason J. P179Celecoxib-mediated activation of an AMPK-CREB-Nrf2 dependent pathway: a novel mechanism for endothelial cytoprotection in chronic systemic inflammation. Cardiovasc Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu082.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Corrales J, Fang X, Thornton C, Mei W, Barbazuk WB, Duke M, Scheffler BE, Willett KL. Effects on specific promoter DNA methylation in zebrafish embryos and larvae following benzo[a]pyrene exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 163:37-46. [PMID: 24576477 PMCID: PMC4032594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is an established carcinogen and reproductive and developmental toxicant. BaP exposure in humans and animals has been linked to infertility and multigenerational health consequences. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, and mapping of methylation patterns has become an important tool for understanding pathologic gene expression events. The goal of this study was to investigate aberrant changes in promoter DNA methylation in zebrafish embryos and larvae following a parental and continued embryonic waterborne BaP exposure. A total of 21 genes known for their role in human diseases were selected to measure percent methylation by multiplex deep sequencing. At 96hpf (hours post fertilization) compared to 3.3hpf, dazl, nqo1, sox3, cyp1b1, and gstp1 had higher methylation percentages while c-fos and cdkn1a had decreased CG methylation. BaP exposure significantly reduced egg production and offspring survival. Moreover, BaP decreased global methylation and altered CG, CHH, and CHG methylation both at 3.3 and 96hpf. CG methylation changed by 10% or more due to BaP in six genes (c-fos, cdkn1a, dazl, nqo1, nrf2, and sox3) at 3.3hpf and in ten genes (c-fos, cyp1b1, dazl, gstp1, mlh1, nqo1, pten, p53, sox2, and sox3) at 96hpf. BaP also induced gene expression of cyp1b1 and gstp1 at 96hpf which were found to be hypermethylated. Further studies are needed to link aberrant CG, CHH, and CHG methylation to heritable epigenetic consequences associated with disease in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Corrales
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - X Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - C Thornton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - W Mei
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32669, USA
| | - W B Barbazuk
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32669, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32669, USA
| | - M Duke
- Genomics Bioinformatics, USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - B E Scheffler
- Genomics Bioinformatics, USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - K L Willett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Thornton C, Alrashed F, Calay D, Birdsey G, Haskard D, Boyle J, Mason J. THU0522 Methotrexate: A Novel Mechanism for Vasculoprotection in Chronic Systemic Inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Thornton C, Moss N. 221 Does the use of a telehealth system, (I-neb Insight Online) improve nebuliser adherence and reduce treatment times in children with cystic fibrosis? J Cyst Fibros 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(13)60362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vontell R, Supramaniam V, Thornton C, Wyatt-Ashmead J, Mallard C, Gressens P, Rutherford M, Hagberg H. Toll-like receptor 3 expression in glia and neurons alters in response to white matter injury in preterm infants. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:130-9. [PMID: 23548575 PMCID: PMC3826123 DOI: 10.1159/000346158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are members of the pattern recognition receptor family that detect components of foreign pathogens or endogenous molecules released in response to injury. Recent studies demonstrate that TLRs also have a functional role in regulating neuronal proliferation in the developing brain. This study investigated cellular expression of TLR3 using immunohistochemistry on human brain tissue. The tissue sections analysed contained anterior and lateral periventricular white matter from the frontal and parietal lobes in post-mortem neonatal cases with a postmenstrual age range of 23.6-31.4 weeks. In addition to preterm brains without overt pathology (control), preterm pathology cases with evidence of white matter injuries (WMI) were also examined. In order to identify TLR-positive cells, we utilized standard double-labelling immunofluorescence co-labelling techniques and confocal microscopy to compare co-expression of TLR3 with a neuronal marker (NeuN) or with glial markers (GFAP for astrocytes, Iba-1 for microglia and Olig2 for oligodendrocytes). We observed an increase in the neuronal (28 vs. 17%) and astroglial (38 vs. 21%) populations in the WMI group compared to controls in the anterior regions of the periventricular white matter in the frontal lobe. The increase in neurons and astrocytes in the WMI cases was associated with an increase in TLR3 immunoreactivity. This expression was significantly increased in the astroglia. The morphology of the TLR3 signal in the control cases was globular and restricted to the perinuclear region of the neurons and astrocytes, whilst in the cases of WMI, both neuronal, axonal and astroglial TLR3 expression was more diffuse (i.e., a different intracellular distribution) and could be detected along the extensions of the processes. This study demonstrates for the first time that neurons and glial cells in human neonatal periventricular white matter express TLR3 during development. The patterns of TLR3 expression were altered in the presence of WMI, which might influence normal developmental processes within the immature brain. Identifying changes in TLR3 expression during fetal development may be key to understanding the reduced volumes of grey matter and impaired cortical development seen in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vontell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, The Rayne Institute, King's College London St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Guo Y, Wu CY, Thornton C. Modeling gas-particle two-phase flows with complex and moving boundaries using DEM-CFD with an immersed boundary method. AIChE J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham; B15 2TT; U.K
| | - C. -Y. Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham; B15 2TT; U.K
| | - C. Thornton
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Birmingham; Birmingham; B15 2TT; U.K
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Tooher J, Thornton C, Makris A, Korda A, Ogle R, Horvath J, Hennessy A. PP102. Hypertension in pregnancy and long term cardiovascular mortality outcomes. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 2:295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Robertson A, Johnson P, Thornton C, Whitton AM, Sullivan C, Hennesssy A. OS093. Prevalance of sleep disordered breathing in pregnancy. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 2:228-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Garner A, Roberston A, Thornton C, Lee G, Makris A, Johnson P, Sullivan C, Hennessy A. PP021 Outcomes for adolescent women and their pregnancies in greater Western Sydney. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 2:252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Tooher J, Chiu C, Thornton C, Lupton S, O’Loughlin A, Makris A, Hennessy A, Lind J, Korda A, Ogle R, Horvath J. PP033. High blood pressure in pregnancy: an indicator of future health outcomes. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 2:260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Vine LJ, Shepherd K, Hunter JG, Madden R, Thornton C, Ellis V, Bendall RP, Dalton HR. Characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis among patients with jaundice or acute hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36:16-21. [PMID: 22554291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal liver blood tests are common in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, but symptomatic hepatitis is rare. The demographics, clinical features and outcome of EBV hepatitis are incompletely understood, particularly in the elderly people. AIM To identify the demographics, presenting features and natural history of EBV hepatitis. METHODS Retrospective review of 1995 consecutive patients attending the jaundice hotline clinic over a 13-year period. Data collected included demographic information, presenting features, clinical and laboratory parameters, radiology imaging and clinical outcome. RESULTS Seventeen of 1995 (0.85%) had EBV hepatitis. The median age was 40 years (range 18-68 years). Ten of 17 (59%) patients were aged >30 years, and seven of 17 (41%) patients were aged ≥60 years. Fifteen of 17 (88%) patients presented with clinical/biochemical evidence of jaundice. Seventeen of 17 (100%) patients had a serum lymphocytosis at presentation. 2/17 (12%) patients with EBV hepatitis presented with the classical features of infectious mononucleosis (fever, sore throat and lymphadenopathy). Splenomegaly was present in 15/17 (88%) of patients. Symptoms lasted for a median 8 weeks (range 1-12 weeks). Three of 17 (18%) patients required a brief hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS In patients presenting with jaundice/hepatitis, EBV hepatitis is an uncommon diagnosis and causes a self-limiting hepatitis. The diagnosis is suggested by the presence of a lymphocytosis and/or splenomegaly. The majority of patients do not have infectious mononucleosis. Compared with infectious mononucleosis, EBV hepatitis affects an older age group, with nearly half of patients being aged more than 60 years. The diagnosis should be considered in all patients with unexplained hepatitis irrespective of their age.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Vine
- Cornwall Gastrointestinal Unit, Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro, UK
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Robertson A, Johnson P, Thornton C, Whitton AM, Middleton S, Sullivan C, Hennesssy A. PP154. Relationship between recorded and reported snoring during pregnancy: Objective measurement versus questionnaire responses. Pregnancy Hypertens 2012; 2:322. [PMID: 26105475 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2012.04.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Snoring is a common symptom of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), a condition that is present in 4% of the general population. SDB is identified by snoring and repetitive cessation of breathing during sleep accompanied by repetitive hypoxia and has been found to be associated with hypertension, stroke and heart attack. There is not depth of knowledge examining the association between SDB and pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence of self reported snoring in pregnancy and the potential association between self reported snoring and the development of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) within a larger cohort from a prevalence of SDB in pregnancy study. METHODS Questionnaires were administered to pregnant women attending an outpatient's antenatal clinic. The self reported snoring is a component of the Epworth scale. Pregnancy progression and outcome data were collected on all participants and analyse by IBM SPSS v.20™ utilising Chi-square analysis, Student T test and logistic regression analysis. HDP diagnoses were in alignment with the SOMANZ (2009) diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Questionnaires were administered and outcomes collected on 2023 pregnancies. Snoring was reported by 49.2% of women. HDP affected 10.1% of the cohort, 3.3% of whom were preeclamptic. Of the pregnancies affected by HDP self reported snoring occurred in 57.7% in comparison to 43.3% who do not report snoring (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This would indicate that there is an association between self reported snoring and the development of HDP. Further analysis will be undertaken to model the effect of other potential risk factors such as maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI and other co morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Robertson
- Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Medicine, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Campbelltown, Australia
| | - P Johnson
- Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - C Thornton
- Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - A-M Whitton
- Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | | | - C Sullivan
- Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - A Hennesssy
- Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia; Medicine, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Campbelltown, Australia; Vascular Immunology Group, Heart Research Institution, Sydney, Australia
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Eichinger K, Dilek N, Dekdebrun J, Martens W, Heatwole C, Thornton C, Moxley R, Pandya S. Relationships between Upper Extremity Strength and the Purdue Pegboard Test and the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (P05.187). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pandya S, Eichinger K, Dilek N, Dekdebrun J, Martens W, Heatwole C, Thornton C, Moxley R. Correlation between Biomarkers and Surrogate Markers in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM-1): Data from the Study of Pathogenesis and Progression in DM (STOPP DM) (P05.185). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Pandya S, Eichinger K, Dilek N, Dekdebrun J, Martens W, Heatwole C, Thornton C, Moxley R. Symptoms of Myotonia as Reported by Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: Location, Description and Severity- Implications for Clinical Trials (P05.184). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p05.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Willinge AC, Touyz SW, Thornton C. An evaluation of the effectiveness and short-term stability of an innovative Australian day patient programme for eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev 2010; 18:220-33. [PMID: 20443205 DOI: 10.1002/erv.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of literature evaluating day patient treatment for eating disorders based upon the targeted goals of treatment, to conclude that day patient programmes are effective. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of an innovative day patient programme by examining whether the seven key treatment goals improved across treatment and were maintained 3 months after discharge. Of the 58 participants who completed measures assessing BMI, eating disorder cognitions, behaviours, core beliefs, readiness to change, quality of life and perpetuating factors at admission, discharge and follow-up, 44 completed the day programme with 14 non-completers. The results demonstrated that all seven treatment goals improved across treatment and the improvements were maintained or further improved at 3 month follow-up. The results are discussed in context of the published day patient programme literature with implications for future research to maximise optimal treatment outcomes from day patient treatment.
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Thornton C. O02 RNA therapy approaches in myotonic dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8966(10)70003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis. Recently, 12 AMPK-related kinases (BRSK1, BRSK2, NUAK1, NUAK2, QIK, QSK, SIK, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4 and MELK) were identified that are closely related by sequence homology to the catalytic domain of AMPK. The protein kinase LKB1 acts as a master upstream kinase activating AMPK and 11 of the AMPK-related kinases by phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue in their T-loop region. Further sequence analyses have identified the eight-member SNRK kinase family as distant relatives of AMPK. However, only one of these is phosphorylated and activated by LKB1. Although much is known about AMPK, many of the AMPK-related kinases remain largely uncharacterized. This review outlines the general similarities in structure and function of the AMPK-related kinases before examining the specific characteristics of each, including a brief discussion of the SNRK family.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Bright
- Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, UK
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Xu B, Thornton C, Tooher J, Ogle R, Lim S, Makris A, Hennessy A. Effects of anti-hypertensive drugs on production of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin from human normal and pre-eclamptic placentas in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:839-42. [PMID: 19215236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Increases in soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) contribute to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Soluble Flt-1 binds to circulating free vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor and this is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Soluble endoglin, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta coreceptor, was reported to synergize with sFlt-1 to amplify endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting TGF-beta1-mediated vasorelaxation. 2. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the antihypertensive drugs clonidine (0.08-1.3 microg/mL), diazoxide (25-300 microg/mL), frusemide (60-1000 microg/mL) and hydralazine (6.3-100 microg/mL) have any effect on placental production of sFlt-1 and sEng in placentas from normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. 3. Explants were taken from non-laboured term placentas of normal pregnancy (n = 5) and women with pre-eclampsia (n = 5). Villous explants were cultured with increasing doses of antihypertensive drugs. Placental sFlt-1 and sEng production was examined using ELISA. 4. Baseline sFlt-1 production was higher in placentas from women with pre-eclampsia than from normal pregnancy (4.5 +/- 1.4 vs 3.2 +/- 0.6 ng/mg of total protein, respectively; P < 0.001), as was sEng production (9.0 +/- 2.3 vs 4.1 +/- 0.6 ng/mg of total protein, respectively; P < 0.001). With the exception of frusemide, none of the antihypertensive drugs tested had any effect on sFlt-1 and sEng production from placental explants of normal pregnancy and women with pre-eclampsia. Increasing frusemide concentrations were correlated with increased sEng production in normal pregnancy (P < 0.005). 5. In conclusion, placental sFlt-1 and sEng production was higher in pre-eclampsia and antihypertensive drugs had no effect on placental production of sFlt-1 and sEng in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xu
- Vascular Immunology Research Laboratory, The Heart Research Institute, University of Sydney, 114 Pyrmont Bridge Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
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Guo Y, Kafui KD, Wu CY, Thornton C, Seville JPK. A coupled DEM/CFD analysis of the effect of air on powder flow during die filling. AIChE J 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.11734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Waechter J, Thornton C, Markham D, Domoradzki J. Factors Affecting the Accuracy of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol A-Monoglucuronide Estimates in Mammalian Tissues and Urine Samples. Toxicol Mech Methods 2008; 17:13-24. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510600803581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pandya S, Dilek N, Martens W, Thornton C, Moxley R. G.P.6.05 Test/retest reliability and machine/machine correlation of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measurements in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and 2 (DM-1 and DM-2). Neuromuscul Disord 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.06.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Thornton C, Ong V, Ward J, Kennedy N, Steuer A. Comment on: Use of parenteral methotrexate significantly reduces the need for biological therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:1438; author reply 1438. [PMID: 18617550 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kafui D, Thornton C. Fully-3D DEM simulation of fluidised bed spray granulation using an exploratory surface energy-based spray zone concept. POWDER TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Makris A, Thornton C, Thompson J, Thomson S, Martin R, Ogle R, Waugh R, McKenzie P, Kirwan P, Hennessy A. Uteroplacental ischemia results in proteinuric hypertension and elevated sFLT-1. Kidney Int 2007; 71:977-84. [PMID: 17377512 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy with significant morbidity and mortality for the mother and the fetus. Presumptions are made that placental hypoxia has a causative role in the clinical syndrome. Furthermore, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1) has been shown to have a role in the maternal syndrome of preeclampsia. We investigated the relationship between uteroplacental ischemia (UPI), the maternal clinical syndrome of preeclampsia and sFLT-1 in non-human primates. The induction of UPI in a pregnant non-human primate resulted in the development of a clinical entity analogous to human preeclampsia. This was illustrated by the increase in blood pressure, development of proteinuria, and renal histological changes identical to human preeclampsia. A significant elevation in the placental and peripheral blood mononuclear cell sFLT-1 mRNA expression was noted, translating to a significant elevation in circulating sFLT-1. Thus, this sequence suggests that a pathogenic reduction in placental perfusion results in the development of the maternal syndrome of preeclampsia and an increase in circulating sFLT-1, which is derived both from placental and extra-placental sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makris
- Vascular Immunology Laboratory, Heart Research Institute and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Udd B, Meola G, Krahe R, Thornton C, Ranum LPW, Bassez G, Kress W, Schoser B, Moxley R. 140th ENMC International Workshop: Myotonic Dystrophy DM2/PROMM and other myotonic dystrophies with guidelines on management. Neuromuscul Disord 2006; 16:403-13. [PMID: 16684600 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Udd
- Neurology Department, Tampere University Hospital and Tampere Medical School, Finland.
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Sanka S, Khan A, Vuppali N, Thornton C, Lloyd E, Dixon M, Vyas J, David T, Patel L. 219 Pulmonary function and growth in children with CF in relation to Pseudomonas aeruoginosa (PA) status and treatment regimen: an observational study. J Cyst Fibros 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(06)80201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Makris A, Xu B, Yu B, Thornton C, Hennessy A. Placental deficiency of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in preeclampsia and its relationship to an IL10 promoter polymorphism. Placenta 2005; 27:445-51. [PMID: 16026832 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2005.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is pivotal in the acceptance of the feto-placental unit by the maternal immune system. Imbalance at the maternal-fetal interface of tissue pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be partly involved in disease causation. Previous work has shown conflicting levels of IL-10. IL-10 levels have been shown to increase, decrease, or remain unchanged in women with preeclampsia. This study examines the difference in serum and placental IL-10 expression in women with preeclampsia and investigates if the IL10 (-1082) A promoter polymorphism contributes to lower concentrations. In a prospective case-control study of 12 women with preeclampsia and 31 controls we assessed serum IL-10 by ELISA, placental mRNA by quantitative PCR and protein by immunohistochemistry as well as placental IL10 promoter genotype. Comparisons were made with non-parametric tests where necessary and chi-square. We found a significant reduction in placental IL-10 mRNA and protein expression in women with preeclampsia compared to controls. Women with the AA IL-10 promoter genotype expressed less placental IL-10 mRNA compared to women with AG or GG genotype. There was no difference in serum IL-10 concentrations between different genotypes. Preeclampsia is associated with a deficiency of placental IL-10. Placental AA genotype in the promoter region results in significantly less placental IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makris
- Vascular Immunology Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Road, Camperdown 2050, New South Wales, Australia.
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Prescott SL, Taylor A, Roper J, Wahdan A, Noakes P, Thornton C, Dunstan J, Upham JW. Maternal reactivity to fetal alloantigens is related to newborn immune responses and subsequent allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35:417-25. [PMID: 15836748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal allergy confers stronger allergy risk (than paternal allergy) suggesting that maternal patterns of immune response can directly influence immune development in offspring. Women prone to allergic immune responses to allergens may also have altered immune responses to other antigens including fetal antigens. OBJECTIVE This exploratory study examines relationships between maternal immune responses to fetal antigens and the subsequent risk of allergy. METHODS Mononuclear cells (MNC) were collected from 36 mother-infant pairs to compare maternal (and fetal) cellular immune responses to alloantigens (fetal, maternal or unrelated donor [URD]), and allergens in allergic (18 pairs) and non-allergic (18 pairs) mothers. Thirty children had documented allergic outcomes at 6 years of age. RESULTS In this population, allergic outcomes in the offspring were associated more strongly with materno-fetal immune interactions than with a maternal family history of allergy. Specifically, allergic disease at 6 years of age was associated with significantly higher maternal responses to fetal alloantigens (lymphoproliferation, P=0.008; IL-13, P=0.02 and IFN-gamma, P=0.015), whereas associations with maternal allergy did not reach significance (P=0.07). Fetal IFN-gamma alloantigen responses were significantly correlated with the degree of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch (maternal HLA class II antibodies) (tau=0.3, P=0.03). The capacity of the fetus to produce IL-13 (tau=0.4, P=0.001) and IL-10 (tau=0.3, P=0.029) was directly related to the level of these cytokines produced by the mother in response to fetal antigens. Allergic mothers showed a non-significant trend for stronger lymphoproliferation to fetal alloantigens. The number of previous pregnancies (gravidity) was associated with stronger maternal responses to fetal alloantigens, as shown by lymphoproliferation (Kendall tau=0.3, P=0.04) and IFN-gamma (tau=0.3, P=0.04) synthesis, but did not affect fetal responses to the various stimuli. CONCLUSIONS Maternal responses to fetal antigens were related to fetal immune responses and subsequent allergy. This novel observation suggests that events at the materno-fetal interface have an important influence on early immune development and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Prescott
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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