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Kleefeld F, Horvath R, Pinal-Fernandez I, Mammen AL, Casal-Dominguez M, Hathazi D, Melchert S, Hahn K, Sickmann A, Muselmann-Genschow C, Hentschel A, Preuße C, Roos A, Schoser B, Stenzel W. Multi-level profiling unravels mitochondrial dysfunction in myotonic dystrophy type 2. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:19. [PMID: 38240888 PMCID: PMC10799095 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is an autosomal-dominant multisystemic disease with a core manifestation of proximal muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, myotonia, and myalgia. The disease-causing CCTG tetranucleotide expansion within the CNBP gene on chromosome 3 leads to an RNA-dominated spliceopathy, which is currently untreatable. Research exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms in myotonic dystrophy type 1 has resulted in new insights into disease mechanisms and identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a promising therapeutic target. It remains unclear whether similar mechanisms underlie DM2 and, if so, whether these might also serve as potential therapeutic targets. In this cross-sectional study, we studied DM2 skeletal muscle biopsy specimens on proteomic, molecular, and morphological, including ultrastructural levels in two separate patient cohorts consisting of 8 (explorative cohort) and 40 (confirmatory cohort) patients. Seven muscle biopsy specimens from four female and three male DM2 patients underwent proteomic analysis and respiratory chain enzymology. We performed bulk RNA sequencing, immunoblotting of respiratory chain complexes, mitochondrial DNA copy number determination, and long-range PCR (LR-PCR) to study mitochondrial DNA deletions on six biopsies. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed a downregulation of essential mitochondrial proteins and their respective RNA transcripts, namely of subunits of respiratory chain complexes I, III, and IV (e.g., mt-CO1, mt-ND1, mt-CYB, NDUFB6) and associated translation factors (TACO1). Light microscopy showed mitochondrial abnormalities (e.g., an age-inappropriate amount of COX-deficient fibers, subsarcolemmal accumulation) in most biopsy specimens. Electron microscopy revealed widespread ultrastructural mitochondrial abnormalities, including dysmorphic mitochondria with paracrystalline inclusions. Immunofluorescence studies with co-localization of autophagy (p62, LC-3) and mitochondrial marker proteins (TOM20, COX-IV), as well as immunohistochemistry for mitophagy marker BNIP3 indicated impaired mitophagic flux. Immunoblotting and LR-PCR did not reveal significant differences between patients and controls. In contrast, mtDNA copy number measurement showed a reduction of mtDNA copy numbers in the patient group compared to controls. This first multi-level study of DM2 unravels thus far undescribed functional and structural mitochondrial abnormalities. However, the molecular link between the tetranucleotide expansion and mitochondrial dysfunction needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kleefeld
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iago Pinal-Fernandez
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andrew L Mammen
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Maria Casal-Dominguez
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Melchert
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Hahn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS E.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Claudia Muselmann-Genschow
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS E.V., 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Corinna Preuße
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Solovyeva EM, Utzinger S, Vissières A, Mitchelmore J, Ahrné E, Hermes E, Poetsch T, Ronco M, Bidinosti M, Merkl C, Serluca FC, Fessenden J, Naumann U, Voshol H, Meyer AS, Hoersch S. Integrative Proteogenomics for Differential Expression and Splicing Variation in a DM1 Mouse Model. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100683. [PMID: 37993104 PMCID: PMC10770608 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated mRNA splicing is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and muscular dystrophies such as myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Comprehensive assessment of dysregulated splicing on the transcriptome and proteome level has been methodologically challenging, and thus investigations have often been targeting only few genes. Here, we performed a large-scale coordinated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis to characterize a DM1 mouse model (HSALR) in comparison to wild type. Our integrative proteogenomics approach comprised gene- and splicing-level assessments for mRNAs and proteins. It recapitulated many known instances of aberrant mRNA splicing in DM1 and identified new ones. It enabled the design and targeting of splicing-specific peptides and confirmed the translation of known instances of aberrantly spliced disease-related genes (e.g., Atp2a1, Bin1, Ryr1), complemented by novel findings (Flnc and Ywhae). Comparative analysis of large-scale mRNA and protein expression data showed quantitative agreement of differentially expressed genes and splicing patterns between disease and wild type. We hence propose this work as a suitable blueprint for a robust and scalable integrative proteogenomic strategy geared toward advancing our understanding of splicing-based disorders. With such a strategy, splicing-based biomarker candidates emerge as an attractive and accessible option, as they can be efficiently asserted on the mRNA and protein level in coordinated fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta M Solovyeva
- Research Informatics, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland; V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Stephan Utzinger
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Joanna Mitchelmore
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erik Ahrné
- Discovery Sciences, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erwin Hermes
- Discovery Sciences, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tania Poetsch
- Discovery Sciences, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie Ronco
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bidinosti
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Merkl
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio C Serluca
- Research Informatics, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James Fessenden
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ulrike Naumann
- Discovery Sciences, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans Voshol
- Discovery Sciences, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelika S Meyer
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Hoersch
- Research Informatics, Biomedical Research at Novartis, Basel, Switzerland.
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Kuntawala DH, Martins F, Vitorino R, Rebelo S. Automatic Text-Mining Approach to Identify Molecular Target Candidates Associated with Metabolic Processes for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2283. [PMID: 36767649 PMCID: PMC9915907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by abnormal expansion of unstable CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This disease mainly affects skeletal muscle, resulting in myotonia, progressive distal muscle weakness, and atrophy, but also affects other tissues and systems, such as the heart and central nervous system. Despite some studies reporting therapeutic strategies for DM1, many issues remain unsolved, such as the contribution of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunctions to DM1 pathogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify molecular target candidates associated with metabolic processes for DM1. In this study, resorting to a bibliometric analysis, articles combining DM1, and metabolic/metabolism terms were identified and further analyzed using an unbiased strategy of automatic text mining with VOSviewer software. A list of candidate molecular targets for DM1 associated with metabolic/metabolism was generated and compared with genes previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Furthermore, g:Profiler was used to perform a functional enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology (GO) and REAC databases. Enriched signaling pathways were identified using integrated bioinformatics enrichment analyses. The results revealed that only 15 of the genes identified in the bibliometric analysis were previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Of note, we identified 71 genes not previously associated with DM1, which are of particular interest and should be further explored. The functional enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that regulation of cellular metabolic and metabolic processes were the most associated biological processes. Additionally, a number of signaling pathways were found to be enriched, e.g., signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, signaling by NRTK1 (TRKA), TRKA activation by NGF, PI3K-AKT activation, prolonged ERK activation events, and axon guidance. Overall, several valuable target candidates related to metabolic processes for DM1 were identified, such as NGF, NTRK1, RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, DAG, ACTA, ID1, ID2 MYOD, and MYOG. Therefore, our study strengthens the hypothesis that metabolic dysfunctions contribute to DM1 pathogenesis, and the exploitation of metabolic dysfunction targets is crucial for the development of future therapeutic interventions for DM1.
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Joosten IB, Fuchs CJ, Beelen M, Plasqui G, van Loon LJ, Faber CG. Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity in Patients with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:701-712. [PMID: 37154183 PMCID: PMC10357167 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients are at risk for metabolic abnormalities and commonly experience overweight and obesity. Possibly, weight issues result from lowered resting energy expenditure (EE) and impaired muscle oxidative metabolism. OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess EE, body composition, and muscle oxidative capacity in patients with DM1 compared to age-, sex- and BMI-matched controls. METHODS A prospective case control study was conducted including 15 DM1 patients and 15 matched controls. Participants underwent state-of-the-art methodologies including 24 h whole room calorimetry, doubly labeled water and accelerometer analysis under 15-days of free-living conditions, muscle biopsy, full body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), computed tomography (CT) upper leg, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. RESULTS Fat ratio determined by full body MRI was significantly higher in DM1 patients (56 [49-62] %) compared to healthy controls (44 [37-52] % ; p = 0.027). Resting EE did not differ between groups (1948 [1742-2146] vs (2001 [1853-2425>] kcal/24 h, respectively; p = 0.466). In contrast, total EE was 23% lower in DM1 patients (2162 [1794-2494] vs 2814 [2424-3310] kcal/24 h; p = 0.027). Also, DM1 patients had 63% less steps (3090 [2263-5063] vs 8283 [6855-11485] steps/24 h; p = 0.003) and a significantly lower VO2 peak (22 [17-24] vs 33 [26-39] mL/min/kg; p = 0.003) compared to the healthy controls. Muscle biopsy citrate synthase activity did not differ between groups (15.4 [13.3-20.0] vs 20.1 [16.6-25.8] μM/g/min, respectively; p = 0.449). CONCLUSIONS Resting EE does not differ between DM1 patients and healthy, matched controls when assessed under standardized circumstances. However, under free living conditions, total EE is substantially reduced in DM1 patients due to a lower physical activity level. The sedentary lifestyle of DM1 patients seems responsible for the undesirable changes in body composition and aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis B.T. Joosten
- Department of Neurology and MHeNS School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cas J. Fuchs
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Milou Beelen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Therapy, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J.C. van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina G. Faber
- Department of Neurology and MHeNS School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ahmed Z, Qaisar R. Nanomedicine for Treating Muscle Dystrophies: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912039. [PMID: 36233338 PMCID: PMC9569435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic muscular diseases characterized by impaired muscle regeneration, which leads to pathological inflammation that drives muscle wasting and eventually results in weakness, functional dependency, and premature death. The most known causes of death include respiratory muscle failure due to diaphragm muscle decay. There is no definitive treatment for muscular dystrophies, and conventional therapies aim to ameliorate muscle wasting by promoting physiological muscle regeneration and growth. However, their effects on muscle function remain limited, illustrating the requirement for major advancements in novel approaches to treatments, such as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field that seeks to optimize drug delivery to target tissues by merging pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. However, the therapeutic potential of nanomedicine in muscular dystrophies is poorly understood. This review highlights recent work in the application of nanomedicine in treating muscular dystrophies. First, we discuss the history and applications of nanomedicine from a broader perspective. Second, we address the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery, gene regulation, and editing to target Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy. Next, we highlight the potential hindrances and limitations of using nanomedicine in the context of cell culture and animal models. Finally, the future perspectives for using nanomedicine in clinics are summarized with relevance to muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ahmed
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7254; Fax: +971-6558-5879
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Kamali T, Deutsch GK, Hagerman KA, Parker D, Day JW, Sampson JB, Wozniak JR. Cognitive Impairment Analysis of Myotonic Dystrophy via Weakly Supervised Classification of Neuropsychological Features. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2022; 2022:4377-4382. [PMID: 36086274 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The myotonic dystrophies (DM1 and DM2) are dominantly inherited disorders that cause pathological changes throughout the body. Many individuals with DM experience cognitive, behavioral and other functional central nervous system effects that impact their quality of life. The extent of psychological impairment that will develop in each patient is variable and unpredictable. Hence, it is difficult to get strong supervision information like fully ground truth labels for all cognitive involvement patterns. This study is to assess cognitive involvement among healthy controls and patients with DM. The DM cognitive impairment pattern observation is modeled in a weakly supervised setting and supervision information is used to transform the input feature space to a more discriminative representation suitable for pattern observation. This study incorporated results from 59 adults with DM and 92 control subjects. The developed system categorized the neuropsychological testing data into five cognitive clusters. The quality of the obtained clustering solution was assessed using an internal validity metric. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can discover interesting patterns and useful information from neuropsychological data, which will be be crucial in planning clinical trials and monitoring clinical performance. The proposed system resulted in an average classification accuracy of 88%, which is very promising considering the unique challenges present in this population.
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Wang LH, Lin CY, Lin YM, Buée L, Sergeant N, Blum D, Chern Y, Wang GS. Calpain-2 Mediates MBNL2 Degradation and a Developmental RNA Processing Program in Neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5102-5114. [PMID: 35606145 PMCID: PMC9233439 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2006-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing loss of structure and function of neurons and decline in cognitive function is commonly seen during the progression of neurologic diseases, although the causes and initial symptoms of individual diseases are distinct. This observation suggests a convergence of common degenerative features. In myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the expression of expanded CUG RNA induces neurotransmission dysfunction before axon and dendrite degeneration and reduced MBNL2 expression associated with aberrant alternative splicing. The role of loss of function of MBNL2 in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and the causal mechanism of neurodegeneration-reduced expression of MBNL2 remain elusive. Here, we show that increased MBNL2 expression is associated with neuronal maturation and required for neuronal morphogenesis and the fetal to adult developmental transition of RNA processing. Neurodegenerative conditions including NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitotoxicity and dysregulated calcium homeostasis triggered nuclear translocation of calpain-2, thus resulting in MBNL2 degradation and reversal of MBNL2-regulated RNA processing to developmental patterns. Nuclear expression of calpain-2 resembled its developmental pattern and was associated with MBNL2 degradation. Knock-down of calpain-2 expression or inhibition of calpain-2 nuclear translocation prevented neurodegeneration-reduced MBNL2 expression and dysregulated RNA processing. Increased calpain-2 nuclear translocation associated with reduced MBNL2 expression and aberrant RNA processing occurred in models for DM1 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) including EpA960/CaMKII-Cre mice of either sex and female APP/PS1 and THY-Tau22 mice. Our results identify a regulatory mechanism for MBNL2 downregulation and suggest that calpain-2-mediated MBNL2 degradation accompanied by re-induction of a developmental RNA processing program may be a converging pathway to neurodegeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurologic diseases share many features during disease progression, such as cognitive decline and brain atrophy, which suggests a common pathway for developing degenerative features. Here, we show that the neurodegenerative conditions glutamate-induced excitotoxicity and dysregulated calcium homeostasis induced translocation of the cysteine protease calpain-2 into the nucleus, resulting in MBNL2 degradation and reversal of MBNL2-regulated RNA processing to an embryonic pattern. Knock-down or inhibition of nuclear translocation of calpain-2 prevented MBNL2 degradation and maintained MBNL2-regulated RNA processing in the adult pattern. Models of myotonic dystrophy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) also showed calpain-2-mediated MBNL2 degradation and a developmental RNA processing program. Our studies suggest MBNL2 function disrupted by calpain-2 as a common pathway, thus providing an alternative therapeutic strategy for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Hsin Wang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Luc Buée
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1172, "Alzheimer & Tauopathies", University of Lille, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Sergeant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1172, "Alzheimer & Tauopathies", University of Lille, 59045, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1172, "Alzheimer & Tauopathies", University of Lille, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Shin Wang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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Li M, Xu F, Liu Z, Wang C, Zhao Y, Zhu G, Shen X. TNF Signaling Acts Downstream of MiR-322/-503 in Regulating DM1 Myogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:843202. [PMID: 35464065 PMCID: PMC9021394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.843202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by the expanded CUG repeats and usually displays defective myogenesis. Although we previously reported that ectopic miR-322/-503 expression improved myogenesis in DM1 by targeting the toxic RNA, the underlying pathways regulating myogenesis that were aberrantly altered in DM1 and rescued by miR-322/-503 were still unknown. Here, we constructed DM1 and miR-322/-503 overexpressing DM1 myoblast models, which were subjected to in vitro myoblast differentiation along with their corresponding controls. Agreeing with previous findings, DM1 myoblast showed remarkable myogenesis defects, while miR-322/-503 overexpression successfully rescued the defects. By RNA sequencing, we noticed that Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling was the only pathway that was significantly and oppositely altered in these two experimental sets, with it upregulated in DM1 and inhibited by miR-322/-503 overexpression. Consistently, hyperactivity of TNF signaling was detected in two DM1 mouse models. Blocking TNF signaling significantly rescued the myogenesis defects in DM1. On the contrary, TNF-α treatment abolished the rescue effect of miR-322/-503 on DM1 myogenesis. Taking together, these results implied that TNF signaling mediated the myogenesis defects in DM1 and might act downstream of miR-322/-503 in regulating the myogenesis in DM1. Moreover, the inhibition of TNF signaling benefiting myogenesis in DM1 provided us with a novel therapeutic strategy for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongxian Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Shen, ; Guoping Zhu,
| | - Xiaopeng Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaopeng Shen, ; Guoping Zhu,
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9
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Neault N, O’Reilly S, Baig AT, Plaza-Diaz J, Azimi M, Farooq F, Baird SD, MacKenzie A. High-throughput kinome-RNAi screen identifies protein kinase R activator (PACT) as a novel genetic modifier of CUG foci integrity in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256276. [PMID: 34520479 PMCID: PMC8439471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy (~1:8000). In DM1, expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats in the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene results in DMPK mRNA hairpin structures which aggregate as insoluble ribonuclear foci and sequester several RNA-binding proteins. The resulting sequestration and misregulation of important splicing factors, such as muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), causes the aberrant expression of fetal transcripts for several genes that contribute to the disease phenotype. Previous work has shown that antisense oligonucleotide-mediated disaggregation of the intranuclear foci has the potential to reverse downstream anomalies. To explore whether the nuclear foci are, to some extent, controlled by cell signalling pathways, we have performed a screen using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library targeting 518 protein kinases to look at kinomic modulation of foci integrity. RNA foci were visualized by in situ hybridization of a fluorescent-tagged (CAG)10 probe directed towards the expanded DMPK mRNA and the cross-sectional area and number of foci per nuclei were recorded. From our screen, we have identified PACT (protein kinase R (PKR) activator) as a novel modulator of foci integrity and have shown that PACT knockdown can both increase MBNL1 protein levels; however, these changes are not suffcient for significant correction of downstream spliceopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Neault
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sean O’Reilly
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aiman Tariq Baig
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mehrdad Azimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Faraz Farooq
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen D. Baird
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alex MacKenzie
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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10
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Koscianska E, Kozlowska E, Fiszer A. Regulatory Potential of Competing Endogenous RNAs in Myotonic Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116089. [PMID: 34200099 PMCID: PMC8201210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to be implicated in cell fate determination and various human diseases. All ncRNA molecules are emerging as key regulators of diverse cellular processes; however, little is known about the regulatory interaction among these various classes of RNAs. It has been proposed that the large-scale regulatory network across the whole transcriptome is mediated by competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity attributed to both protein-coding and ncRNAs. ceRNAs are considered to be natural sponges of miRNAs that can influence the expression and availability of multiple miRNAs and, consequently, the global mRNA and protein levels. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of ncRNAs in two neuromuscular diseases, myotonic dystrophy type 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2), and the involvement of expanded CUG and CCUG repeat-containing transcripts in miRNA-mediated RNA crosstalk. More specifically, we discuss the possibility that long repeat tracts present in mutant transcripts can be potent miRNA sponges and may affect ceRNA crosstalk in these diseases. Moreover, we highlight practical information related to innovative disease modelling and studying RNA regulatory networks in cells. Extending knowledge of gene regulation by ncRNAs, and of complex regulatory ceRNA networks in DM1 and DM2, will help to address many questions pertinent to pathogenesis and treatment of these disorders; it may also help to better understand general rules of gene expression and to discover new rules of gene control.
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11
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van der Plas E, Gutmann L, Thedens D, Shields RK, Langbehn K, Guo Z, Sonka M, Nopoulos P. Quantitative muscle MRI as a sensitive marker of early muscle pathology in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Muscle Nerve 2021; 63:553-562. [PMID: 33462896 PMCID: PMC8442354 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative muscle MRI as a sensitive marker of early muscle pathology and disease progression in adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1. The utility of muscle MRI as a marker of muscle pathology and disease progression in adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) was evaluated. METHODS This prospective, longitudinal study included 67 observations from 36 DM1 patients (50% female), and 92 observations from 49 healthy adults (49% female). Lower-leg 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired. Volume and fat fraction (FF) were estimated using a three-point Dixon method, and T2-relaxometry was determined using a multi-echo spin-echo sequence. Muscles were segmented automatically. Mixed linear models were conducted to determine group differences across muscles and image modality, accounting for age, sex, and repeated observations. Differences in rate of change in volume, T2-relaxometry, and FF were also determined with mixed linear regression that included a group by elapsed time interaction. RESULTS Compared with healthy adults, DM1 patients exhibited reduced volume of the tibialis anterior, soleus, and gastrocnemius (GAS) (all, P < .05). T2-relaxometry and FF were increased across all calf muscles in DM1 compared to controls. (all, P < .01). Signs of muscle pathology, including reduced volume, and increased T2-relaxometry and FF were already noted in DM1 patients who did not exhibit clinical motor symptoms of DM1. As a group, DM1 patients exhibited a more rapid change than did controls in tibialis posterior volume (P = .05) and GAS T2-relaxometry (P = .03) and FF (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS Muscle MRI renders sensitive, early markers of muscle pathology and disease progression in DM1. T2 relaxometry may be particularly sensitive to early muscle changes related to DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen van der Plas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Laurie Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dan Thedens
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard K. Shields
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kathleen Langbehn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zhihui Guo
- Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Milan Sonka
- Iowa Institute for Biomedical Imaging, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peggy Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Hospital & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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12
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Morton SU, Sefton CR, Zhang H, Dai M, Turner DL, Uhler MD, Agrawal PB. microRNA-mRNA Profile of Skeletal Muscle Differentiation and Relevance to Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052692. [PMID: 33799993 PMCID: PMC7962092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance and translation during key developmental processes including muscle differentiation. Assessment of miRNA targets can provide insight into muscle biology and gene expression profiles altered by disease. mRNA and miRNA libraries were generated from C2C12 myoblasts during differentiation, and predicted miRNA targets were identified based on presence of miRNA binding sites and reciprocal expression. Seventeen miRNAs were differentially expressed at all time intervals (comparing days 0, 2, and 5) of differentiation. mRNA targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for functions related to calcium signaling and sarcomere formation. To evaluate this relationship in a disease state, we evaluated the miRNAs differentially expressed in human congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) myoblasts and compared with normal control. Seventy-four miRNAs were differentially expressed during healthy human myocyte maturation, of which only 12 were also up- or downregulated in CMD patient cells. The 62 miRNAs that were only differentially expressed in healthy cells were compared with differentiating C2C12 cells. Eighteen of the 62 were conserved in mouse and up- or down-regulated during mouse myoblast differentiation, and their C2C12 targets were enriched for functions related to muscle differentiation and contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
| | | | - Huanqing Zhang
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - Manhong Dai
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
| | - David L. Turner
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael D. Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (M.D.); (D.L.T.); (M.D.U.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj B. Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (S.U.M.); (P.B.A.)
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13
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Labayru G, Jimenez‐Marin A, Fernández E, Villanua J, Zulaica M, Cortes JM, Díez I, Sepulcre J, López de Munain A, Sistiaga A. Neurodegeneration trajectory in pediatric and adult/late DM1: A follow-up MRI study across a decade. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1802-1815. [PMID: 32881379 PMCID: PMC7545612 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the progression of brain structural abnormalities in adults with pediatric and adult/late onset DM1, as well as to examine the potential predictive markers of such progression. METHODS 21 DM1 patients (pediatric onset: N = 9; adult/late onset: N = 12) and 18 healthy controls (HC) were assessed longitudinally over 9.17 years through brain MRI. Additionally, patients underwent neuropsychological, genetic, and muscular impairment assessment. Inter-group comparisons of total and voxel-level regional brain volume were conducted through Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM); cross-sectionally and longitudinally, analyzing the associations between brain changes and demographic, clinical, and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS The percentage of GM loss did not significantly differ in any of the groups compared with HC and when assessed independently, adult/late DM1 patients and their HC group suffered a significant loss in WM volume. Regional VBM analyses revealed subcortical GM damage in both DM1 groups, evolving to frontal regions in the pediatric onset patients. Muscular impairment and the outcomes of certain neuropsychological tests were significantly associated with follow-up GM damage, while visuoconstruction, attention, and executive function tests showed sensitivity to WM degeneration over time. INTERPRETATION Distinct patterns of brain atrophy and its progression over time in pediatric and adult/late onset DM1 patients are suggested. Results indicate a possible neurodevelopmental origin of the brain abnormalities in DM1, along with the possible existence of an additional neurodegenerative process. Fronto-subcortical networks appear to be involved in the disease progression at young adulthood in pediatric onset DM1 patients. The involvement of a multimodal integration network in DM1 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garazi Labayru
- Personality, Assessment and psychological treatment department; Psychology FacultyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Neuroscience AreaBiodonostia Research Institute, OsakidetzaDonostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Antonio Jimenez‐Marin
- Biocruces‐Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoBizkaiaSpain
- Biomedical Research Doctorate ProgramUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
| | - Esther Fernández
- OsatekDonostia University HospitalDonostia‐ San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
| | - Jorge Villanua
- OsatekDonostia University HospitalDonostia‐ San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
| | - Miren Zulaica
- Neuroscience AreaBiodonostia Research Institute, OsakidetzaDonostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Jesus M. Cortes
- Biocruces‐Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoBizkaiaSpain
- Cell Biology and Histology DepartmentUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain
- IKERBASQUEThe Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Ibai Díez
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Neurotechnology LaboratoryTecnalia Health DepartmentDerioSpain
| | - Jorge Sepulcre
- Gordon Center for Medical ImagingDepartment of RadiologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Neuroscience AreaBiodonostia Research Institute, OsakidetzaDonostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Neurology DepartmentDonostia University HospitalDonostia‐ San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Neuroscience DepartmentUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Donostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
| | - Andone Sistiaga
- Personality, Assessment and psychological treatment department; Psychology FacultyUniversity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Neuroscience AreaBiodonostia Research Institute, OsakidetzaDonostia‐San SebastiánGipuzkoaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Mosbach V, Viterbo D, Descorps-Declère S, Poggi L, Vaysse-Zinkhöfer W, Richard GF. Resection and repair of a Cas9 double-strand break at CTG trinucleotide repeats induces local and extensive chromosomal deletions. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008924. [PMID: 32673314 PMCID: PMC7413560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellites are short tandem repeats, ubiquitous in all eukaryotes and represent ~2% of the human genome. Among them, trinucleotide repeats are responsible for more than two dozen neurological and developmental disorders. Targeting microsatellites with dedicated DNA endonucleases could become a viable option for patients affected with dramatic neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we used the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 to induce a double-strand break within the expanded CTG repeat involved in myotonic dystrophy type 1, integrated in a yeast chromosome. Repair of this double-strand break generated unexpected large chromosomal deletions around the repeat tract. These deletions depended on RAD50, RAD52, DNL4 and SAE2, and both non-homologous end-joining and single-strand annealing pathways were involved. Resection and repair of the double-strand break (DSB) were totally abolished in a rad50Δ strain, whereas they were impaired in a sae2Δ mutant, only on the DSB end containing most of the repeat tract. This observation demonstrates that Sae2 plays significant different roles in resecting a DSB end containing a repeated and structured sequence as compared to a non-repeated DSB end. In addition, we also discovered that gene conversion was less efficient when the DSB could be repaired using a homologous template, suggesting that the trinucleotide repeat may interfere with gene conversion too. Altogether, these data show that SpCas9 may not be the best choice when inducing a double-strand break at or near a microsatellite, especially in mammalian genomes that contain many more dispersed repeated elements than the yeast genome. With the discovery of highly specific DNA endonucleases such as TALEN and CRISPR-Cas systems, gene editing has become an attractive approach to address genetic disorders. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (Steinert disease) is due to a large expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat in the DMPK gene. At the present time, despite numerous therapeutic attempts, this dramatic neurodegenerative disorder still has no cure. In the present work, we tried to use the Cas9 endonuclease to induce a double-strand break within the expanded CTG repeat of the DMPK gene integrated in the yeast genome. Surprisingly, this break induced chromosomal deletions around the repeat tract. These deletions were local and involved non-homologous joining of the two DNA ends, or more extensive involving homologous recombination between repeated elements upstream and downstream the break. Using yeast genetics, we investigated the genetic requirements for these deletions and found that the triplet repeat tract altered the capacity of the repair machinery to faithfully repair the double-strand break. These results have implications for future gene therapy approaches in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stéphane Descorps-Declère
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3525, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology (C3BI), Paris, France
| | - Lucie Poggi
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3525, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Wilhelm Vaysse-Zinkhöfer
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR3525, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Collège doctoral, Paris, France
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15
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Cox DC, Guan X, Xia Z, Cooper TA. Increased nuclear but not cytoplasmic activities of CELF1 protein leads to muscle wasting. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1729-1744. [PMID: 32412585 PMCID: PMC7322576 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
mRNA processing is highly regulated during development through changes in RNA-binding protein (RBP) activities. CUG-BP, Elav-like family member 1 (CELF1, also called CUGBP1) is an RBP, the expression of which decreases in skeletal muscle soon after birth. CELF1 regulates multiple nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA processing events. In the nucleus, CELF1 regulates networks of postnatal alternative splicing (AS) transitions, while in the cytoplasm, CELF1 regulates mRNA stability and translation. Stabilization and misregulation of CELF1 has been implicated in human diseases including myotonic dystrophy type 1, Alzheimer's disease and multiple cancers. To understand the contribution of nuclear and cytoplasmic CELF1 activity to normal and pathogenic skeletal muscle biology, we generated transgenic mice for doxycycline-inducible and skeletal muscle-specific expression of active CELF1 mutants engineered to be localized predominantly to either the nucleus or the cytoplasm. Adult mice expressing nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, CELF1 are characterized by strong histopathological defects, muscle loss within 10 days and changes in AS. In contrast, mice expressing cytoplasmic CELF1 display changes in protein levels of targets known to be regulated at the level of translation by CELF1, with minimal changes in AS. These changes are in the absence of overt histopathological changes or muscle loss. RNA-sequencing revealed extensive gene expression and AS changes in mice overexpressing nuclear and naturally localized CELF1 protein, with affected genes involved in cytoskeleton dynamics, membrane dynamics, RNA processing and zinc ion binding. These results support a stronger role for nuclear CELF1 functions as compared to cytoplasmic CELF1 functions in skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Cox
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiangnan Guan
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Zheng Xia
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Thomas A Cooper
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, 77030 USA
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16
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Yadava RS, Yu Q, Mandal M, Rigo F, Bennett CF, Mahadevan MS. Systemic therapy in an RNA toxicity mouse model with an antisense oligonucleotide therapy targeting a non-CUG sequence within the DMPK 3'UTR RNA. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1440-1453. [PMID: 32242217 PMCID: PMC7268549 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common adult muscular dystrophy, is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expansion of a (CTG)n tract within the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Mutant DMPK mRNAs are toxic, present in nuclear RNA foci and correlated with a plethora of RNA splicing defects. Cardinal features of DM1 are myotonia and cardiac conduction abnormalities. Using transgenic mice, we have demonstrated that expression of the mutant DMPK 3'UTR is sufficient to elicit these features of DM1. Here, using these mice, we present a study of systemic treatment with an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) (ISIS 486178) targeted to a non-CUG sequence within the 3'UTR of DMPK. RNA foci and DMPK 3'UTR mRNA levels were reduced in both the heart and skeletal muscles. This correlated with improvements in several splicing defects in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The treatment reduced myotonia and this correlated with increased Clcn1 expression. Furthermore, functional testing showed improvements in treadmill running. Of note, we demonstrate that the ASO treatment reversed the cardiac conduction abnormalities, and this correlated with restoration of Gja5 (connexin 40) expression in the heart. This is the first time that an ASO targeting a non-CUG sequence within the DMPK 3'UTR has demonstrated benefit on the key DM1 phenotypes of myotonia and cardiac conduction defects. Our data also shows for the first time that ASOs may be a viable option for treating cardiac pathology in DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh S Yadava
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mahua Mandal
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Carlsbad, CA 90210, USA
| | | | - Mani S Mahadevan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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17
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Benhamou RI, Angelbello AJ, Wang ET, Disney MD. A Toxic RNA Catalyzes the Cellular Synthesis of Its Own Inhibitor, Shunting It to Endogenous Decay Pathways. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:223-231.e4. [PMID: 31981476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is a genetically defined disease caused by a toxic expanded repeat of r(CCUG) [r(CCUG)exp], harbored in intron 1 of CCHC-type zinc-finger nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP) pre-mRNA. This r(CCUG)exp causes toxicity via a gain-of-function mechanism, resulting in three pathological hallmarks: aggregation into nuclear foci; sequestration of muscleblind-like-1 (MBNL1) protein, leading to splicing defects; and retention of CNBP intron 1. We studied two types of small molecules with different modes of action, ones that simply bind and ones that are templated by r(CCUG)exp in cells, i.e., the RNA synthesizes its own drug. Indeed, our studies completed in DM2 patient-derived fibroblasts showed that the compounds disrupt the r(CCUG)exp-MBNL1 complex, reduce intron retention, subjecting the liberated intronic r(CCUG)exp to native decay pathways, and rescue other DM2-associated cellular defects. Importantly, this study shows that small molecules can modulate RNA biology by shunting toxic transcripts toward native decay pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael I Benhamou
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alicia J Angelbello
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Eric T Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matthew D Disney
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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Abstract
Several neurodegenerative disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) are caused by non-coding nucleotide repeat expansions. Different pathogenic mechanisms may underlie these non-coding repeat expansion disorders. While gain-of-function mechanisms, such as toxicity associated with expression of repeat RNA or toxicity associated with repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) products, are most frequently connected with these disorders, loss-of-function mechanisms have also been implicated. We review the different pathways that have been linked to non-coding repeat expansion disorders such as C9ORF72-linked ALS/frontotemporal dementia (FTD), myotonic dystrophy, fragile X tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), SCA, and Huntington's disease-like 2. We discuss modes of RNA toxicity focusing on the identity and the interacting partners of the toxic RNA species. Using the C9ORF72 ALS/FTD paradigm, we further explore the efforts and different methods used to disentangle RNA vs. RAN toxicity. Overall, we conclude that there is ample evidence for a role of RNA toxicity in non-coding repeat expansion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Swinnen
- Department of NeurosciencesExperimental NeurologyLeuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyVIB, Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Department of NeurosciencesExperimental NeurologyLeuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyVIB, Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of NeurosciencesExperimental NeurologyLeuven Brain Institute (LBI)KU Leuven – University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of NeurobiologyVIB, Center for Brain & Disease ResearchLeuvenBelgium
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19
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Passeri E, Sansone VA, Sconfienza LM, Messina C, Meola G, Corbetta S. Fragility fractures and bone mineral density in male patients affected by type 1 and type 2 myotonic dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 30:28-34. [PMID: 31902642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy is a multisystemic disorder affecting skeletal muscle. Male patients have an increased risk of fractures and develop a number of endocrine/metabolic impairments known to adversely affect bone health. The aim of this study was primarily to determine the occurrence of fragility fractures and the bone mineralization status (lumbar spine, hip and total body by dual X-ray absorptiometry) in 36 male patients affected with type 1 myotonic dystrophy and 13 male patients affected with type 2 myotonic dystrophy. Fragility fractures occurred in 15 type 1 and 7 type 2 myotonic dystrophy in non-classical osteoporotic sites, such as metatarses. Hip osteopenia was the most frequent finding, particularly in type 2 (n = 6) than type 1 myotonic dystrophy patients (n = 1), while osteoporosis was rare. Patients with type 1 myotonic dystrophy presented higher total body bone mass density than patients with type 2 myotonic dystrophy and healthy controls and lumbar spine was associated positively with the severity of the disease. Gonadic failure, with low testosterone and reduced INSL3 levels, visceral adiposity and insulin resistance correlated with reduced body mass index in both type 1 and type 2 myotonic dystrophic patients. The independent determinant of fragility fractures were low total body mass index, low blood testosterone and low global muscle mass.
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MESH Headings
- Absorptiometry, Photon
- Adult
- Body Mass Index
- Bone Density
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnostic imaging
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/pathology
- Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging
- Fractures, Bone/etiology
- Fractures, Bone/metabolism
- Fractures, Bone/pathology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myotonic Dystrophy/complications
- Myotonic Dystrophy/metabolism
- Myotonic Dystrophy/pathology
- Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoporosis/etiology
- Osteoporosis/metabolism
- Osteoporosis/pathology
- Pelvic Bones/diagnostic imaging
- Pelvic Bones/pathology
- Testosterone/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- E Passeri
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan 20161, Italy
| | - V A Sansone
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, The NEMO (NEuroMuscular Omniservice) Clinical Center, Milan 20162, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - L M Sconfienza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy
| | - C Messina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan 20161, Italy
| | - G Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan 20133, Italy; Neurology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan 20097, Italy
| | - S Corbetta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan 20161, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy.
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20
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André LM, van Cruchten RTP, Willemse M, Wansink DG. (CTG)n repeat-mediated dysregulation of MBNL1 and MBNL2 expression during myogenesis in DM1 occurs already at the myoblast stage. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217317. [PMID: 31116797 PMCID: PMC6530876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a severe neuromuscular disorder caused by the expression of trinucleotide repeat-containing DMPK transcripts. Abnormally expanded (CUG)n repeats in these transcripts form hairpin-like structures that cause the RNA to accumulate in the cell nucleus by sequestering isoforms of the Muscleblind (MBNL) family, tissue-specific regulators of developmentally programmed, post-transcriptional processes in RNA metabolism. Through this mechanism, the function of MBNL in RNA processing becomes dominantly perturbed, which eventually leads to aberrant alternative splicing and the expression of foetal splice variants of a wide variety of proteins, including the MBNL isoforms themselves. Here, we employ a patient-derived muscle cell model for DM1 to examine in detail the expression of MBNL RNA and protein variants during myogenic differentiation. This DM1 model consists of a panel of isogenic myoblast cell lines that either contain a pathogenic DMPK allele with a congenital mutation of 2600 triplets, or lack this expanded repeat through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. We found that the temporal expression levels of MBNL1, MBNL2 and MBNL3 RNAs are not influenced by presence of the (CTG)2600 repeat during myogenesis in vitro. However, throughout myoblast proliferation and differentiation to myotubes a disproportionate inclusion of MBNL1 exon 5 and MBNL2 exons 5 and 8 occurs in cells with the (CTG)2600 repeat. As a consequence, a reduced quantity and imbalanced collection of splice variants of MBNL1 and MBNL2 accumulates in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of DM1 myoblasts and myotubes. We thus propose that both the quantitative and qualitative changes in the intracellular partitioning of MBNL proteins are a pivotal cause of skeletal muscle problems in DM1, starting already in muscle progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène M. André
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco T. P. van Cruchten
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Willemse
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Derick G. Wansink
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Cell Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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21
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van Cruchten RTP, Wieringa B, Wansink DG. Expanded CUG repeats in DMPK transcripts adopt diverse hairpin conformations without influencing the structure of the flanking sequences. RNA 2019; 25:481-495. [PMID: 30700578 PMCID: PMC6426290 DOI: 10.1261/rna.068940.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a complex neuromuscular disorder caused by expansion of a CTG repeat in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of the DMPK gene. Mutant DMPK transcripts form aberrant structures and anomalously associate with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). As a first step toward better understanding of the involvement of abnormal DMPK mRNA folding in DM1 manifestation, we used SHAPE, DMS, CMCT, and RNase T1 structure probing in vitro for modeling of the topology of the DMPK 3'-UTR with normal and pathogenic repeat lengths of up to 197 CUG triplets. The resulting structural information was validated by disruption of base-pairing with LNA antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) and used for prediction of therapeutic AON accessibility and verification of DMPK knockdown efficacy in cells. Our model for DMPK RNA structure demonstrates that the hairpin formed by the CUG repeat has length-dependent conformational plasticity, with a structure that is guided by and embedded in an otherwise rigid architecture of flanking regions in the DMPK 3'-UTR. Evidence is provided that long CUG repeats may form not only single asymmetrical hairpins but also exist as branched structures. These newly identified structures have implications for DM1 pathogenic mechanisms, like sequestration of RBPs and repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco T P van Cruchten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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22
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Renna LV, Bosè F, Brigonzi E, Fossati B, Meola G, Cardani R. Aberrant insulin receptor expression is associated with insulin resistance and skeletal muscle atrophy in myotonic dystrophies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214254. [PMID: 30901379 PMCID: PMC6430513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant multisystemic disorders linked to two different genetic loci and characterized by several features including myotonia, muscle atrophy and insulin resistance. The aberrant alternative splicing of insulin receptor (IR) gene and post-receptor signalling abnormalities have been associated with insulin resistance, however the precise molecular defects that cause metabolic dysfunctions are still unknown. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate in DM skeletal muscle biopsies if beyond INSR missplicing, altered IR protein expression could play a role in insulin resistance and to verify if the lack of insulin pathway activation could contribute to skeletal muscle wasting. Our analysis showed that DM skeletal muscle exhibits a lower expression of the insulin receptor in type 1 fibers which can contribute to the defective activation of the insulin pathway. Moreover, the aberrant insulin signalling activation leads to a lower activation of mTOR and to an increase in MuRF1 and Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression, possible explaining DM skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. Taken together our data indicate that the defective insulin signalling activation can contribute to skeletal muscle features in DM patients and are probably linked to an aberrant specific-fiber type expression of the insulin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valentina Renna
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosè
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Brigonzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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23
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Perez-Rosillo MA, Martinez-Barbero JP, Gomez-Huertas M. [The utility of magnetic resonance imaging of the head for the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1]. Rev Neurol 2019; 68:123-124. [PMID: 30687920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J P Martinez-Barbero
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Hospital de Neurotraumatologia y rehabilitacion., Granada, Espana
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24
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Souidi A, Zmojdzian M, Jagla K. Dissecting Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Drosophila Models of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4104. [PMID: 30567354 PMCID: PMC6321436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common cause of adult-onset muscular dystrophy, is autosomal dominant, multisystemic disease with characteristic symptoms including myotonia, heart defects, cataracts and testicular atrophy. DM1 disease is being successfully modelled in Drosophila allowing to identify and validate new pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. Here we provide an overview of insights gained from fruit fly DM1 models, either: (i) fundamental with particular focus on newly identified gene deregulations and their link with DM1 symptoms; or (ii) applied via genetic modifiers and drug screens to identify promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Souidi
- GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, UMR6293, University of Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Monika Zmojdzian
- GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, UMR6293, University of Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- GReD, INSERM U1103, CNRS, UMR6293, University of Clermont Auvergne, 28 Place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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25
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Wang Y, Hao L, Wang H, Santostefano K, Thapa A, Cleary J, Li H, Guo X, Terada N, Ashizawa T, Xia G. Therapeutic Genome Editing for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Using CRISPR/Cas9. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2617-2630. [PMID: 30274788 PMCID: PMC6225032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by a CTG nucleotide repeat expansion within the 3' UTR of the Dystrophia Myotonica protein kinase gene. In this study, we explored therapeutic genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 via targeted deletion of expanded CTG repeats and targeted insertion of polyadenylation signals in the 3' UTR upstream of the CTG repeats to eliminate toxic RNA CUG repeats. We found paired SpCas9 or SaCas9 guide RNA induced deletion of expanded CTG repeats. However, this approach incurred frequent inversion in both the mutant and normal alleles. In contrast, the insertion of polyadenylation signals in the 3' UTR upstream of the CTG repeats eliminated toxic RNA CUG repeats, which led to phenotype reversal in differentiated neural stem cells, forebrain neurons, cardiomyocytes, and skeletal muscle myofibers. We concluded that targeted insertion of polyadenylation signals in the 3' UTR is a viable approach to develop therapeutic genome editing for DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan 450000, China
| | - Lei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400062, China
| | - Hongcai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, China; Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Katherine Santostefano
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arjun Thapa
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - John Cleary
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Xiuming Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute and Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave. R11-117, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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26
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Cumming SA, Hamilton MJ, Robb Y, Gregory H, McWilliam C, Cooper A, Adam B, McGhie J, Hamilton G, Herzyk P, Tschannen MR, Worthey E, Petty R, Ballantyne B, Warner J, Farrugia ME, Longman C, Monckton DG. De novo repeat interruptions are associated with reduced somatic instability and mild or absent clinical features in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1635-1647. [PMID: 29967337 PMCID: PMC6189127 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multisystem disorder, caused by expansion of a CTG trinucleotide repeat in the 3'-untranslated region of the DMPK gene. The repeat expansion is somatically unstable and tends to increase in length with time, contributing to disease progression. In some individuals, the repeat array is interrupted by variant repeats such as CCG and CGG, stabilising the expansion and often leading to milder symptoms. We have characterised three families, each including one person with variant repeats that had arisen de novo on paternal transmission of the repeat expansion. Two individuals were identified for screening due to an unusual result in the laboratory diagnostic test, and the third due to exceptionally mild symptoms. The presence of variant repeats in all three expanded alleles was confirmed by restriction digestion of small pool PCR products, and allele structures were determined by PacBio sequencing. Each was different, but all contained CCG repeats close to the 3'-end of the repeat expansion. All other family members had inherited pure CTG repeats. The variant repeat-containing alleles were more stable in the blood than pure alleles of similar length, which may in part account for the mild symptoms observed in all three individuals. This emphasises the importance of somatic instability as a disease mechanism in DM1. Further, since patients with variant repeats may have unusually mild symptoms, identification of these individuals has important implications for genetic counselling and for patient stratification in DM1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Cumming
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark J Hamilton
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.
| | - Yvonne Robb
- Clinical Genetics Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Helen Gregory
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aberdeen Royal Hospital, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZA, UK
| | | | - Anneli Cooper
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Berit Adam
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Josephine McGhie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graham Hamilton
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Pawel Herzyk
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Michael R Tschannen
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Elizabeth Worthey
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, NW, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Richard Petty
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Bob Ballantyne
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Jon Warner
- Molecular Genetics Service, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Maria Elena Farrugia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Cheryl Longman
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Darren G Monckton
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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27
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Dastidar S, Ardui S, Singh K, Majumdar D, Nair N, Fu Y, Reyon D, Samara E, Gerli MF, Klein AF, De Schrijver W, Tipanee J, Seneca S, Tulalamba W, Wang H, Chai Y, In’t Veld P, Furling D, Tedesco F, Vermeesch JR, Joung JK, Chuah MK, VandenDriessche T. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of trinucleotide repeat expansion in myotonic dystrophy patient-derived iPS and myogenic cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:8275-8298. [PMID: 29947794 PMCID: PMC6144820 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is an attractive platform to potentially correct dominant genetic diseases by gene editing with unprecedented precision. In the current proof-of-principle study, we explored the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene-editing in myotonic dystrophy type-1 (DM1), an autosomal-dominant muscle disorder, by excising the CTG-repeat expansion in the 3'-untranslated-region (UTR) of the human myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene in DM1 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (DM1-iPSC), DM1-iPSC-derived myogenic cells and DM1 patient-specific myoblasts. To eliminate the pathogenic gain-of-function mutant DMPK transcript, we designed a dual guide RNA based strategy that excises the CTG-repeat expansion with high efficiency, as confirmed by Southern blot and single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Correction efficiencies up to 90% could be attained in DM1-iPSC as confirmed at the clonal level, following ribonucleoprotein (RNP) transfection of CRISPR/Cas9 components without the need for selective enrichment. Expanded CTG repeat excision resulted in the disappearance of ribonuclear foci, a quintessential cellular phenotype of DM1, in the corrected DM1-iPSC, DM1-iPSC-derived myogenic cells and DM1 myoblasts. Consequently, the normal intracellular localization of the muscleblind-like splicing regulator 1 (MBNL1) was restored, resulting in the normalization of splicing pattern of SERCA1. This study validates the use of CRISPR/Cas9 for gene editing of repeat expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitava Dastidar
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Simon Ardui
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kshitiz Singh
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Debanjana Majumdar
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Nisha Nair
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Yanfang Fu
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deepak Reyon
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ermira Samara
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Mattia F M Gerli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E6DE, UK
| | - Arnaud F Klein
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, Association Institute de Myologie, Center de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 , France
| | - Wito De Schrijver
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Jaitip Tipanee
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Sara Seneca
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics (REGE), Center for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Warut Tulalamba
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Yoke Chin Chai
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Peter In’t Veld
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Denis Furling
- Sorbonne Universités, INSERM, Association Institute de Myologie, Center de Recherche en Myologie, F-75013 , France
| | | | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - J Keith Joung
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marinee K Chuah
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
- Center for Molecular & Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Thierry VandenDriessche
- Department of Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels 1090, Belgium
- Center for Molecular & Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Sellier C, Cerro-Herreros E, Blatter M, Freyermuth F, Gaucherot A, Ruffenach F, Sarkar P, Puymirat J, Udd B, Day JW, Meola G, Bassez G, Fujimura H, Takahashi MP, Schoser B, Furling D, Artero R, Allain FHT, Llamusi B, Charlet-Berguerand N. rbFOX1/MBNL1 competition for CCUG RNA repeats binding contributes to myotonic dystrophy type 1/type 2 differences. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2009. [PMID: 29789616 PMCID: PMC5964235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2 (DM1, DM2) are caused by expansions of CTG and CCTG repeats, respectively. RNAs containing expanded CUG or CCUG repeats interfere with the metabolism of other RNAs through titration of the Muscleblind-like (MBNL) RNA binding proteins. DM2 follows a more favorable clinical course than DM1, suggesting that specific modifiers may modulate DM severity. Here, we report that the rbFOX1 RNA binding protein binds to expanded CCUG RNA repeats, but not to expanded CUG RNA repeats. Interestingly, rbFOX1 competes with MBNL1 for binding to CCUG expanded repeats and overexpression of rbFOX1 partly releases MBNL1 from sequestration within CCUG RNA foci in DM2 muscle cells. Furthermore, expression of rbFOX1 corrects alternative splicing alterations and rescues muscle atrophy, climbing and flying defects caused by expression of expanded CCUG repeats in a Drosophila model of DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Sellier
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Estefanía Cerro-Herreros
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Markus Blatter
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernande Freyermuth
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Angeline Gaucherot
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Frank Ruffenach
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Partha Sarkar
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jack Puymirat
- Human Genetics Research Unit, Laval University, CHUQ, Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki University, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Vasa Central Hospital, 65130, Vaasa, Finland
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, San Francisco, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Giovanni Meola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20097, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Bassez
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Harutoshi Fujimura
- Department of Neurology, Toneyama National Hospital, Toyonaka, 560-0045, Japan
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Denis Furling
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Association Institut de Myologie, Center of Research in Myology, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Ruben Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Frédéric H T Allain
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatriz Llamusi
- Translational Genomics Group, Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine BIOTECMED, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand
- IGBMC, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 67404, Illkirch, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67404, Illkirch, France.
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29
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Chong-Nguyen C, Wahbi K, Algalarrondo V, Bécane HM, Radvanyi-Hoffman H, Arnaud P, Furling D, Lazarus A, Bassez G, Béhin A, Fayssoil A, Laforêt P, Stojkovic T, Eymard B, Duboc D. Association Between Mutation Size and Cardiac Involvement in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: An Analysis of the DM1-Heart Registry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001526. [PMID: 28611030 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In myotonic dystrophy type 1, the association between mutation size (CTG expansion) and the severity of cardiac involvement is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS We selected 855 patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (women, 51%; median age, 37 years), with genetic testing performed at the moment of their initial cardiac evaluation, out of 1014 patients included in the Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1-Heart Registry between January 2000 and December 2015. We studied the association between CTG expansion size and other baseline characteristics and (1) cardiac involvement at baseline and (2) the incidence of death, sudden death, and other cardiac adverse events. At initial presentation, the median CTG expansion size was 530 (interquartile range, 300-830). In multivariate analysis, larger expansions were associated with the presence at baseline of conduction defects on the ECG and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. In a median 11.5 years of follow-up period, 210 patients died (25%), including 32 suddenly (4%). Supraventricular arrhythmias developed over lifetime in 166 patients (19%), sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 17 (2%), and permanent pacemakers were implanted in 181 (21%). In Cox regression analyses, larger CTG expansions were significantly associated with (1) total death, sudden death, and pacemaker implantation in a model, including CTG expansion size, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and (2) all end points except sudden death in a model including all baseline characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The size of the CTG expansion in the blood of myotonic dystrophy type 1 patients is associated with total and sudden deaths, conduction defects, left ventricular dysfunction, and supraventricular arrhythmias. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT01136330.
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30
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Mignarri A, Gentili F, Masia F, Genua A, Cenciarelli S, Brunori P, Mazzei MA, Malandrini A, Federico A, Mazzei FG, Dotti MT. Imaging of the thymus in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Neurol Sci 2017; 39:347-351. [PMID: 29177794 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of thymoma in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) has been occasionally reported, and an increased risk of tumors has been observed. We performed imaging of the thymus in 22 patients carrying DMPK expansion. Clinical examination and routine instrumental exams were performed at the same time. We observed no thymic abnormalities in 13 subjects, thymic hyperplasia in eight patients, and an invasive thymoma in one case. Subjects with thymic abnormalities did not show peculiarities as regards clinical and electrophysiological features. We observed thymoma in one patient with an expansion in the higher range. Abnormalities of the thymus including hyperplasia and thymoma can be present in DM1, but do not seem to play a major role in DM1 pathogenesis. Further studies are needed to understand if some RNA splicing factors involved in DM1 and influenced by CTG expansion size could have a role in thymocytes proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mignarri
- Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Francesco Gentili
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Masia
- Oncohematology Division, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Genua
- Oncohematology Division, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cenciarelli
- Unit of Neurology, Ospedale di Città di Castello, Città di Castello, Italy
| | - Paola Brunori
- Department of Neurophysiopathology, Silvestrini Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mazzei
- Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malandrini
- Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonio Federico
- Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Dotti
- Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Viale Bracci 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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31
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Pinto BS, Saxena T, Oliveira R, Méndez-Gómez HR, Cleary JD, Denes LT, McConnell O, Arboleda J, Xia G, Swanson MS, Wang ET. Impeding Transcription of Expanded Microsatellite Repeats by Deactivated Cas9. Mol Cell 2017; 68:479-490.e5. [PMID: 29056323 PMCID: PMC6013302 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of expanded microsatellite repeats is associated with multiple human diseases, including myotonic dystrophy, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and C9orf72-ALS/FTD. Reducing production of RNA and proteins arising from these expanded loci holds therapeutic benefit. Here, we tested the hypothesis that deactivated Cas9 enzyme impedes transcription across expanded microsatellites. We observed a repeat length-, PAM-, and strand-dependent reduction of repeat-containing RNAs upon targeting dCas9 directly to repeat sequences; targeting the non-template strand was more effective. Aberrant splicing patterns were rescued in DM1 cells, and production of RAN peptides characteristic of DM1, DM2, and C9orf72-ALS/FTD cells was drastically decreased. Systemic delivery of dCas9/gRNA by adeno-associated virus led to reductions in pathological RNA foci, rescue of chloride channel 1 protein expression, and decreased myotonia. These observations suggest that transcription of microsatellite repeat-containing RNAs is more sensitive to perturbation than transcription of other RNAs, indicating potentially viable strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda S Pinto
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tanvi Saxena
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ruan Oliveira
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Héctor R Méndez-Gómez
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John D Cleary
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Lance T Denes
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ona McConnell
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Juan Arboleda
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Maurice S Swanson
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric T Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Sugiyama A, Sone D, Sato N, Kimura Y, Ota M, Maikusa N, Maekawa T, Enokizono M, Mori-Yoshimura M, Ohya Y, Kuwabara S, Matsuda H. Brain gray matter structural network in myotonic dystrophy type 1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187343. [PMID: 29095898 PMCID: PMC5667809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate abnormalities in structural covariance network constructed from gray matter volume in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients by using graph theoretical analysis for further clarification of the underlying mechanisms of central nervous system involvement. Twenty-eight DM1 patients (4 childhood onset, 10 juvenile onset, 14 adult onset), excluding three cases from 31 consecutive patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging in a certain period, and 28 age- and sex- matched healthy control subjects were included in this study. The normalized gray matter images of both groups were subjected to voxel based morphometry (VBM) and Graph Analysis Toolbox for graph theoretical analysis. VBM revealed extensive gray matter atrophy in DM1 patients, including cortical and subcortical structures. On graph theoretical analysis, there were no significant differences between DM1 and control groups in terms of the global measures of connectivity. Betweenness centrality was increased in several regions including the left fusiform gyrus, whereas it was decreased in the right striatum. The absence of significant differences between the groups in global network measurements on graph theoretical analysis is consistent with the fact that the general cognitive function is preserved in DM1 patients. In DM1 patients, increased connectivity in the left fusiform gyrus and decreased connectivity in the right striatum might be associated with impairment in face perception and theory of mind, and schizotypal-paranoid personality traits, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Sugiyama
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yukio Kimura
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihide Maikusa
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maekawa
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Enokizono
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Ohya
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Yoo WK, Park YG, Choi YC, Kim SM. Cortical Thickness and White Matter Integrity are Associated with CTG Expansion Size in Myotonic Dystrophy Type I. Yonsei Med J 2017; 58:807-815. [PMID: 28540995 PMCID: PMC5447113 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2017.58.4.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is characterized by progressive muscular weakness with symptoms caused by involvement of the brain. The aim of this study was to delineate global changes in cortical thickness and white matter integrity in patients with DM1, compared to age-matched healthy controls, and in brain areas highly correlated with CTG repeat size. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cortical thickness and white matter integrity were compared in nine adult DM1 patients and age matched healthy controls using T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging. The patients' intelligence quotient (IQ) and CTG repeat size were measured in each individual. RESULTS Cortical thickness was significantly reduced in the frontal, temporal, and occipital cortices, while tract-based spatial statistics showed decreased diffusion metrics in widespread areas, including the bilateral orbitofrontal, anterior frontal, insular, external capsule, and occipital cortices in DM1 patients, compared to controls. Additionally, thickness was negatively correlated with the number of CTG repeats in those areas. White matter integrity was negatively correlated with CTG repeats in the left entorhinal, anterior corona radiata, orbitofrontal, and lateral occipital areas. No statistically significant correlation was found between IQ scores and the size of CTG repeats. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DM1 is associated with wide distributions of network changes in both gray and white matter. Some of areas related to cognition showed significant correlations with CTG repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Hallym Institute of Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yoon Ghil Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Young Chul Choi
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Mi Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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34
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González ÀL, Konieczny P, Llamusi B, Delgado-Pinar E, Borrell JI, Teixidó J, García-España E, Pérez-Alonso M, Estrada-Tejedor R, Artero R. In silico discovery of substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and pentamidine-like compounds with biological activity in myotonic dystrophy models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178931. [PMID: 28582438 PMCID: PMC5459475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare multisystemic disorder associated with an expansion of CUG repeats in mutant DMPK (dystrophia myotonica protein kinase) transcripts; the main effect of these expansions is the induction of pre-mRNA splicing defects by sequestering muscleblind-like family proteins (e.g. MBNL1). Disruption of the CUG repeats and the MBNL1 protein complex has been established as the best therapeutic approach for DM1, hence two main strategies have been proposed: targeted degradation of mutant DMPK transcripts and the development of CUG-binding molecules that prevent MBNL1 sequestration. Herein, suitable CUG-binding small molecules were selected using in silico approaches such as scaffold analysis, similarity searching, and druggability analysis. We used polarization assays to confirm the CUG repeat binding in vitro for a number of candidate compounds, and went on to evaluate the biological activity of the two with the strongest affinity for CUG repeats (which we refer to as compounds 1–2 and 2–5) in DM1 mutant cells and Drosophila DM1 models with an impaired locomotion phenotype. In particular, 1–2 and 2–5 enhanced the levels of free MBNL1 in patient-derived myoblasts in vitro and greatly improved DM1 fly locomotion in climbing assays. This work provides new computational approaches for rational large-scale virtual screens of molecules that selectively recognize CUG structures. Moreover, it contributes valuable knowledge regarding two compounds with desirable biological activity in DM1 models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àlex L. González
- Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular (GEM), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS)–Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Piotr Konieczny
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Incliva-CIPF joint unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llamusi
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Incliva-CIPF joint unit, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - José I. Borrell
- Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular (GEM), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS)–Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Teixidó
- Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular (GEM), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS)–Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Pérez-Alonso
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Incliva-CIPF joint unit, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roger Estrada-Tejedor
- Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular (GEM), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS)–Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Rubén Artero
- Translational Genomics Group, Incliva Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Interdisciplinary Research Structure for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (ERI BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Incliva-CIPF joint unit, Valencia, Spain
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35
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Raymond K, Levasseur M, Mathieu J, Desrosiers J, Gagnon C. A 9-year follow-up study of the natural progression of upper limb performance in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A similar decline for phenotypes but not for gender. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:673-682. [PMID: 28527585 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to document and compare the decline of upper limb performance among adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1 according to phenotype and gender. A longitudinal descriptive design compared upper limb performance at baseline and follow-up of 70 women and 38 men with the late-onset or adult phenotypes. Grip strength and pinch strength as well as gross dexterity and fine dexterity were assessed. All four performance measures decreased significantly (p <0.001). The decline over time was similar for individuals with the late-onset and adult-onset phenotypes, but differed according to gender. For late-onset and adult-onset phenotypes respectively, women lost less grip strength than men: 0.4 and minus 0.8 kg (2.0% and -9.4%) in women vs. minus 7.4 and minus 3.1 kg (-19.2% and -30.7%) in men. A similar situation was found for gross dexterity: minus 3.0 and minus 3.2 blocks (-4.6% and -5.9%) in women vs. minus 12.4 and minus 8.7 blocks (-19.4% and -16.6%) in men. Pinch gauge had the smallest standard deviations and was one of the only measurement tools with significant detectable changes in relation to the standard error of measurement. Given these results, health professionals and researchers should consider phenotype and gender differently when planning health services or future studies. Indeed, as their upper limb strength and dexterity differed, even if their decline was similar, the phenotypes should not be pooled. Finally, the use of the pinch gauge to assess long-term change in upper limb ability seems preferable to the three other measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateri Raymond
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4; Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires (GRIMN), Neuromuscular Clinic, Centre de réadaptation en déficience physique de Jonquière, Centre de santé et de services sociaux de Jonquière, rue de l'Hôpital, 2230, C.P. 1200, Jonquière, Québec, Canada G7X 7X2; Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 4C4; Centre de recherche-Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne, Centre de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, 305 rue Saint-Vallier, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 5H6
| | - Mélanie Levasseur
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4; Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 4C4
| | - Jean Mathieu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4; Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires (GRIMN), Neuromuscular Clinic, Centre de réadaptation en déficience physique de Jonquière, Centre de santé et de services sociaux de Jonquière, rue de l'Hôpital, 2230, C.P. 1200, Jonquière, Québec, Canada G7X 7X2; Centre de recherche-Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne, Centre de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, 305 rue Saint-Vallier, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 5H6
| | - Johanne Desrosiers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4; Research Centre on Aging, Health and Social Services Centre, University Institute of Geriatrics of Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 4C4
| | - Cynthia Gagnon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4; Groupe de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les maladies neuromusculaires (GRIMN), Neuromuscular Clinic, Centre de réadaptation en déficience physique de Jonquière, Centre de santé et de services sociaux de Jonquière, rue de l'Hôpital, 2230, C.P. 1200, Jonquière, Québec, Canada G7X 7X2; Centre de recherche-Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne, Centre de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, 305 rue Saint-Vallier, Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada G7H 5H6.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the roles of electrodiagnostic testing, imaging studies (MRI and ultrasound), and muscle biopsy in evaluating patients for possible muscle diseases. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to electrodiagnostic testing and muscle biopsy, muscle imaging is increasingly being used in the evaluation of patients with suspected muscle disease. MRI and ultrasound can help identify patterns of muscle involvement that may narrow the differential diagnosis and guide further testing. In addition, imaging can identify potential targets for muscle biopsy and can help evaluate for and exclude certain conditions that may mimic muscle disease. SUMMARY This article provides a comprehensive overview of various testing modalities used in the evaluation of patients with suspected muscle disease, including electrodiagnostic studies, muscle imaging, and biopsy. In combination with a thorough history and clinical examination, these modalities can help narrow the differential diagnosis or, in certain cases, can confirm a specific etiology of muscle disease.
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Zanigni S, Evangelisti S, Giannoccaro MP, Oppi F, Poda R, Giorgio A, Testa C, Manners DN, Avoni P, Gramegna LL, De Stefano N, Lodi R, Tonon C, Liguori R. Relationship of white and gray matter abnormalities to clinical and genetic features in myotonic dystrophy type 1. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 11:678-685. [PMID: 27330968 PMCID: PMC4900512 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) represents a multisystemic disorder in which diffuse brain white and gray matter alterations related to clinical and genetic features have been described. We aimed to evaluate in the brain of adult patients with DM1 (i) white and gray matter differences, including cortical-subcortical gray matter volume and cortical thickness and (ii) their correlation with clinical disability, global neuropsychological performance and triplet expansion. METHODS We included 24 adult genetically-confirmed DM1 patients (14 males; age: 38.5 ± 11.8 years) and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (14 males; age: 38.5 ± 11.3 years) who underwent an identical brain MR protocol including high-resolution 3D T1-weighted, axial T2 FLAIR and DTI sequences. All patients underwent an extensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluation. Voxel-wise analyses of white matter, performed by using Tract Based Spatial Statistics, and of gray matter, with Voxel-based Morphometry and Cortical Thickness, were carried out in order to test for differences between patients with DM1 and healthy controls (p < 0.05, corrected). The correlation between MRI measures and clinical-genetic features was also assessed. RESULTS Patients with DM1 showed widespread abnormalities of all DTI parameters in the white matter, which were associated with reduced gray matter volume in all brain lobes and thinning in parieto-temporo-occipital cortices, albeit with less extensive cortical alterations when congenital cases were removed from the analyses. White matter alterations correlated with clinical disability, global cognitive performance and triplet expansions. CONCLUSION In patients with DM1, the combined smaller overall gray matter volume and white matter alterations seem to be the main morpho-structural substrates of CNS involvement in this condition. The correlation of white matter differences with both clinical and genetic findings lends support to this notion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zanigni
- Functional MR Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola - Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Evangelisti
- Functional MR Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola - Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Giannoccaro
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Oppi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Poda
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, v.le Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Testa
- Functional MR Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola - Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - David Neil Manners
- Functional MR Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola - Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Avoni
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Ludovica Gramegna
- Functional MR Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola - Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola De Stefano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, v.le Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- Functional MR Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola - Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Caterina Tonon
- Functional MR Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola - Malpighi, via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rocco Liguori
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
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38
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Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by an unstable expanded CTG repeat located within the DMPK gene 3’UTR. The nature, severity and age at onset of DM1 symptoms are very variable in patients. Different forms of the disease are described, among which the congenital form (CDM) is the most severe. Molecular mechanisms of DM1 are well characterized for the adult form and involve accumulation of mutant DMPK RNA forming foci in the nucleus. These RNA foci sequester proteins from the MBNL family and deregulate CELF proteins. These proteins are involved in many cellular mechanisms such as alternative splicing, transcriptional, translational and post-translational regulation miRNA regulation as well as mRNA polyadenylation and localization. All these mechanisms can be impaired in DM1 because of the deregulation of CELF and MBNL functions. The mechanisms involved in CDM are not clearly described. In order to get insight into the mechanisms underlying CDM, we investigated if expanded RNA nuclear foci, one of the molecular hallmarks of DM1, could be detected in human DM1 fetal tissues, as well as in embryonic and neonatal tissues from transgenic mice carrying the human DMPK gene with an expanded CTG repeat. We observed very abundant RNA foci formed by sense DMPK RNA and, to a lesser extent, antisense DMPK RNA foci. Sense DMPK RNA foci clearly co-localized with MBNL1 and MBNL2 proteins. In addition, we studied DMPK sense and antisense expression during development in the transgenic mice. We found that DMPK sense and antisense transcripts are expressed from embryonic and fetal stages in heart, muscle and brain and are regulated during development. These results suggest that mechanisms underlying DM1 and CDM involved common players including toxic expanded RNA forming numerous nuclear foci at early stages during development.
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MESH Headings
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta/metabolism
- Cell Nucleus/genetics
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myotonic Dystrophy/genetics
- Myotonic Dystrophy/metabolism
- Myotonic Dystrophy/pathology
- Myotonin-Protein Kinase/genetics
- Myotonin-Protein Kinase/metabolism
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Michel
- Inserm UMR 1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Aline Huguet-Lachon
- Inserm UMR 1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Gourdon
- Inserm UMR 1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes—Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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39
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Plantié E, Migocka-Patrzałek M, Daczewska M, Jagla K. Model organisms in the fight against muscular dystrophy: lessons from drosophila and Zebrafish. Molecules 2015; 20:6237-53. [PMID: 25859781 PMCID: PMC6272363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that cause muscle weakness, abnormal contractions and muscle wasting, often leading to premature death. More than 30 types of MD have been described so far; those most thoroughly studied are Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and congenital MDs. Structurally, physiologically and biochemically, MDs affect different types of muscles and cause individual symptoms such that genetic and molecular pathways underlying their pathogenesis thus remain poorly understood. To improve our knowledge of how MD-caused muscle defects arise and to find efficacious therapeutic treatments, different animal models have been generated and applied. Among these, simple non-mammalian Drosophila and zebrafish models have proved most useful. This review discusses how zebrafish and Drosophila MD have helped to identify genetic determinants of MDs and design innovative therapeutic strategies with a special focus on DMD, DM1 and congenital MDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Plantié
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; E-Mail:
| | - Marta Migocka-Patrzałek
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; E-Mails: (M.M.-P.); (M.D.)
| | - Małgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, 21 Sienkiewicza Street, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland; E-Mails: (M.M.-P.); (M.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Jagla
- GReD (Genetics, Reproduction and Development laboratory), INSERM U1103, CNRS UMR6293, University of Clermont-Ferrand, 28 place Henri-Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; E-Mail:
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40
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Renard D, Taieb G. White matter lesions in myotonic dystrophy type 1 co-locate with dilated perivascular spaces. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2014; 126:93-5. [PMID: 25218663 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological mechanism of white matter lesions (WML) and dilated Virchow-Robin spaces (DVRS), both frequently encountered in myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1), is unclear. METHODS We studied the spatial co-existence of WML and DVRS in 6 DM1 patients with a 1.5T or 3T brain MRI. RESULTS Co-localisation with DVRS was found in 86% of the WML. Some WML had a droplet, ovoid, of finger-like aspect following the exactly the orientation of the DVRS. Some WML were linear (indistinguishable from DVRS on T2-weighted imaging) whereas some other WML had a streak- or a dotted-like aspect. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a pathophysiological relationship between the presence of WML and DVRS in DM1. Some WML might represent, pathologically modified, DVRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Renard
- Department of Neurology, CHU Nîmes, Hôpital Caremeau, Place du Pr Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex 4, France.
| | - Guillaume Taieb
- Department of Neurology, CHU Nîmes, Hôpital Caremeau, Place du Pr Debré, 30029 Nîmes Cedex 4, France
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41
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Meola G, Cardani R. Myotonic dystrophies: An update on clinical aspects, genetic, pathology, and molecular pathomechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:594-606. [PMID: 24882752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is the most common adult muscular dystrophy, characterized by autosomal dominant progressive myopathy, myotonia and multiorgan involvement. To date two distinct forms caused by similar mutations have been identified. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1, Steinert's disease) is caused by a (CTG)n expansion in DMPK, while myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is caused by a (CCTG)n expansion in ZNF9/CNBP. When transcribed into CUG/CCUG-containing RNA, mutant transcripts aggregate as nuclear foci that sequester RNA-binding proteins, resulting in spliceopathy of downstream effector genes. However, it is now clear that additional pathogenic mechanism like changes in gene expression, protein translation and micro-RNA metabolism may also contribute to disease pathology. Despite clinical and genetic similarities, DM1 and DM2 are distinct disorders requiring different diagnostic and management strategies. This review is an update on the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind myotonic dystrophies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neuromuscular Diseases: Pathology and Molecular Pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Meola
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy; Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Cardani
- Laboratory of Muscle Histopathology and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
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42
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Kuru S, Sakai M, Yoshida M, Mimuro M, Hashizume Y. Neurofibrillary tangles in the peripheral sympathetic ganglia of patients with myotonic dystrophy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2014; 39:585-8. [PMID: 23488470 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Axford MM, Wang YH, Nakamori M, Zannis-Hadjopoulos M, Thornton CA, Pearson CE. Detection of slipped-DNAs at the trinucleotide repeats of the myotonic dystrophy type I disease locus in patient tissues. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003866. [PMID: 24367268 PMCID: PMC3868534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Slipped-strand DNAs, formed by out-of-register mispairing of repeat units on complementary strands, were proposed over 55 years ago as transient intermediates in repeat length mutations, hypothesized to cause at least 40 neurodegenerative diseases. While slipped-DNAs have been characterized in vitro, evidence of slipped-DNAs at an endogenous locus in biologically relevant tissues, where instability varies widely, is lacking. Here, using an anti-DNA junction antibody and immunoprecipitation, we identify slipped-DNAs at the unstable trinucleotide repeats (CTG)n•(CAG)n of the myotonic dystrophy disease locus in patient brain, heart, muscle and other tissues, where the largest expansions arise in non-mitotic tissues such as cortex and heart, and are smallest in the cerebellum. Slipped-DNAs are shown to be present on the expanded allele and in chromatinized DNA. Slipped-DNAs are present as clusters of slip-outs along a DNA, with each slip-out having 1–100 extrahelical repeats. The allelic levels of slipped-DNA containing molecules were significantly greater in the heart over the cerebellum (relative to genomic equivalents of pre-IP input DNA) of a DM1 individual; an enrichment consistent with increased allelic levels of slipped-DNA structures in tissues having greater levels of CTG instability. Surprisingly, this supports the formation of slipped-DNAs as persistent mutation products of repeat instability, and not merely as transient mutagenic intermediates. These findings further our understanding of the processes of mutation and genetic variation. Over 30 diseases are caused by the expansion of a trinucleotide repeat (TNR) in a specific gene, including the most common adult-onset form of muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy (DM1). The mechanistic contributors to this unstable (TNR) expansion are not fully known, although since the discovery of these types of diseases over twenty years ago, the extrusion of the expanded repeats into mutagenic slipped-DNA conformations has been hypothesized. Here, we show the presence of slipped-DNA at the DM1 disease locus in various patient tissues. The allelic amounts of slipped-DNA in tissues correlate with overall levels of repeat instability. Slipped-DNA was also found to form in clusters along a tract of expanded repeats, which has been previously shown in vitro to impede DNA repair. This is the first evidence for slipped-DNA formation at an endogenous disease-causing gene in patient tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M. Axford
- Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuh-Hwa Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Masayuki Nakamori
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Zannis-Hadjopoulos
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles A. Thornton
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Pearson
- Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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44
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Michalova E, Vojtesek B, Hrstka R. Impaired pre-mRNA processing and altered architecture of 3' untranslated regions contribute to the development of human disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15681-94. [PMID: 23896598 PMCID: PMC3759880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological fate of each mRNA and consequently, the protein to be synthesised, is highly dependent on the nature of the 3′ untranslated region. Despite its non-coding character, the 3′ UTR may affect the final mRNA stability, the localisation, the export from the nucleus and the translation efficiency. The conserved regulatory sequences within 3′ UTRs and the specific elements binding to them enable gene expression control at the posttranscriptional level and all these processes reflect the actual state of the cell including proliferation, differentiation, cellular stress or tumourigenesis. Through this article, we briefly outline how the alterations in the establishment and final architecture of 3′ UTRs may contribute to the development of various disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michalova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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45
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Santoro M, Masciullo M, Bonvissuto D, Bianchi MLE, Michetti F, Silvestri G. Alternative splicing of human insulin receptor gene (INSR) in type I and type II skeletal muscle fibers of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 380:259-65. [PMID: 23666741 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INSR, one of those genes aberrantly expressed in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) due to a toxic RNA effect, encodes for the insulin receptor (IR). Its expression is regulated by alternative splicing generating two isoforms: IR-A, which predominates in embryonic tissue, and IR-B, which is highly expressed in adult, insulin-responsive tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue). The aberrant INSR expression detected in DM1 and DM2 muscles tissues, characterized by a relative increase of IR-A versus IR-B, was pathogenically related to the insulin resistance occurring in DM patients. To assess if differences in the aberrant splicing of INSR could underlie the distinct fiber type involvement observed in DM1 and DM2 muscle tissues, we have used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RT-PCR, comparing the alternative splicing of INSR in type I and type II muscle fibers isolated from muscle biopsies of DM1, DM2 patients and controls. In the controls, the relative amounts of IR-A and IR-B showed no obvious differences between type I and type II fibers, as in the whole muscle tissue. In DM1 and DM2 patients, both fiber types showed a similar, relative increase of IR-A versus IR-B, as also evident in the whole muscle tissue. Our data suggest that the distinct fiber type involvement in DM1 and DM2 muscle tissues would not be related to qualitative differences in the expression of INSR. LCM can represent a powerful tool to give a better understanding of the pathogenesis of myotonic dystrophies, as well as other myopathies.
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46
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Masciullo M, Iannaccone E, Bianchi MLE, Santoro M, Conte G, Modoni A, Monforte M, Tasca G, Laschena F, Ricci E, Silvestri G. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 and de novo FSHD mutation double trouble: a clinical and muscle MRI study. Neuromuscul Disord 2013; 23:427-31. [PMID: 23466272 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the first case of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) associated with facio-scapulo-humeral dystrophy (FSHD). From a clinical point of view, the patient displayed a pattern of muscle involvement reminiscent of both disorders, including hand-grip myotonia, facial, axial and distal limbs muscle weakness as well as a bilateral winged scapula associated with atrophy of the pectoralis major muscle and lumbar lordosis; pelvic muscles were mostly spared. An extensive muscle MRI assessment including neck, shoulder, abdominal, pelvic and lower limb muscles documented radiological features typical of DM1 and FSDH. Molecular genetic studies confirmed that the proband carried both a pathologically expanded DMPK allele, inherited from his father, and a de novo shortened D4Z4 repeat fragment at 4q35 locus.
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47
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Wang W, Liu Q, Wang ZX, Zhang W, Yuan Y. [Correlation of muscular impairment rating scale with myopathological changes in myotonic dystrophy type 1]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2013; 93:508-511. [PMID: 23660318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between muscular impairment rating scale (MIRS) and myopathological changes of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). METHODS A total of 46 patients at our hospital from May 2003 to June 2011 were diagnosed as DM1. There were 30 males and 16 females. The age of onset ranged from 10 to 57 years old. The major symptoms included distal extremity weakness and myotonia. They were assessed with MIRS and muscle biopsies. The relationship was examined between MIRS and the variation of fiber size, central nuclear, ragged red fibers, proliferation of connective tissue, sarcoplasmic mass. Statistic analysis of pathological changes was made between the groups of MIRS ≥ 4 and ≤ 3. RESULTS The scores of MIRS were 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 14), 4 (n = 23) and 5 (n = 1). MIRS had significant correlations with variations of fiber size (P = 0.039, r = 0.305), degree of nuclear translocation (P = 0.002, r = 0.451) and ragged red fibers (P = 0.013, r = 0.364). But there was no significant correlation with the proliferation of connective tissue and sarcoplasmic mass. There were significant differences in nuclear translocation and ragged red fibers. But no significant difference existed in variations of fiber size between the groups of MIRS ≥ 4 and ≤ 3. CONCLUSION The rating scale of MIRS has a certain myopathological basis, especially with regards to the changes in nuclear translocation and ragged red fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Turkbey EB, Gai N, Lima JAC, van der Geest RJ, Wagner KR, Tomaselli GF, Bluemke DA, Nazarian S. Assessment of cardiac involvement in myotonic muscular dystrophy by T1 mapping on magnetic resonance imaging. Heart Rhythm 2012; 9:1691-7. [PMID: 22710483 PMCID: PMC3459147 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy (DM) are at risk for atrioventricular block and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Noninvasive detection of diffuse myocardial fibrosis may improve disease management in this population. OBJECTIVE To define functional and postcontrast myocardial T1 time cardiac magnetic resonance characteristics in patients with DM. METHODS Thirty-three patients with DM (24 with type 1 and 9 with type 2) and 13 healthy volunteers underwent cardiac magnetic resonance for the assessment of LV indices and the evaluation of diffuse myocardial fibrosis by T1 mapping. The association of myocardial T1 time with electrocardiogram abnormalities and LV indices was examined among patients with DM. RESULTS Patients with DM had lower end-diastolic volume index (68.9 mL/m(2) vs 60.3 mL/m(2); P = .045) and cardiac index (2.7 L/min/m(2) vs 2.33 L/min/m(2); P = .005) and shorter myocardial T1 time (394.5 ms vs 441.4 ms; P < .0001) than did control subjects. Among patients with DM, there was a positive association between higher T1 time and LV mass index (2.2 ms longer per g/m(2); P = .006), LV end-diastolic volume index (1.3 ms longer per mL/m(2); P = .026), filtered QRS duration (1.2 ms longer per unit; P = .005), and low-amplitude (<40 mcV) late-potential duration (0.9 ms longer per unit; P = .01). Using multivariate random effects regression, each 10-ms increase in myocardial T1 time of patients with type 1 DM was independently associated with 1.3-ms increase in longitudinal PR and QRS intervals during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS DM is associated with structural alterations on cardiac magnetic resonance. Postcontrast myocardial T1 time was shorter in patients with DM than in controls, likely reflecting the presence of diffuse myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim B. Turkbey
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, and National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Neville Gai
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, and National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - João A. C. Lima
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rob J. van der Geest
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn R. Wagner
- Neurology and Neuroscience, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gordon F. Tomaselli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - David A. Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, and National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Saman Nazarian
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Oohira A, Nishikawa T, Taneda S. [Clinico-pathological study of extraocular muscles: a case of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and a case of myotonic dystrophy]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 2012; 116:657-663. [PMID: 22844785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small number of patients with ocular motility disorder suffer from myodystrophic disease. Clinico-pathological reports on the extraocular muscles of such patients are rare. CASE 1: A 23-year-old woman complained of a 40 prism diopter (PD) exotropia and slight ptosis palpebrae OD. Adduction was restricted bilaterally. Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia was suspected. The medial rectus muscle, which was resected as a part of strabismus surgery, was examined by light-microscopy. Muscle fibers were atrophic and many ragged-red-fibers were present. Eye alignment was 8 PD exophoric at 14 months after surgery. CASE 2: A 34-year-old man suffering from myotonic dystrophy presented with a 60 PD exotropia and bilateral ptosis palpebrae. Adduction was restricted bilaterally. Exotropia and ptosis OS were corrected surgically. Microscopic examination of the medial rectus muscle revealed increased adipose and collagen tissues. The muscle fibers were significantly reduced in diameter and contained multiple nuclei. The levator palpebrae muscle showed moderate atrophic change. The patient was 12 PD exophoric one month after surgery and 25 PD exotropic 8 months after surgery, and was satisfied with the results. CONCLUSION Whenever properly indicated surgical correction is useful in treating and diagnosing strabismus due to myodystrophy when combined with pathological examinations.
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Jakkani R, Jyoti S, Ahmed M, Thomas MM. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in adult-form myotonic dystrophy type 1. Singapore Med J 2012; 53:e150-e152. [PMID: 22815033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The adult form of myotonic dystrophy type 1 is a neuromuscular disorder with multisystem involvement, including the central nervous system (CNS). The presenting clinical features of this condition include distal muscle weakness, myotonia, intellectual decline, cataract, frontal baldness and testicular atrophy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging shows characteristic white matter changes in the CNS. The clinical presentation, characteristic white matter changes in the brain on MR imaging and electromyographic findings aid in the diagnosis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Jakkani
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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