1
|
Ong CJ, Chatzidakis S, Ong JJ, Feske S. Updates in Management of Large Hemispheric Infarct. Semin Neurol 2024. [PMID: 38759959 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This review delves into updates in management of large hemispheric infarction (LHI), a condition affecting up to 10% of patients with supratentorial strokes. While traditional management paradigms have endured, recent strides in research have revolutionized the approach to acute therapies, monitoring, and treatment. Notably, advancements in triage methodologies and the application of both pharmacological and mechanical abortive procedures have reshaped the acute care trajectory for patients with LHI. Moreover, ongoing endeavors have sought to refine strategies for the optimal surveillance and mitigation of complications, notably space-occupying mass effect, which can ensue in the aftermath of LHI. By amalgamating contemporary guidelines with cutting-edge clinical trial findings, this review offers a comprehensive exploration of the current landscape of acute and ongoing patient care for LHI, illuminating the evolving strategies that underpin effective management in this critical clinical domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stefanos Chatzidakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jimmy J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Einstein Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven Feske
- Department of Neurology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdalkader M, Nguyen TN, Sahoo A, Qureshi MM, Ong CJ, Klein P, Miller MI, Mian AZ, Kaesmacher J, Mujanovic A, Hu W, Chen HS, Setty BN. Contrast Staining in Noninfarcted Tissue after Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2024:ajnr.A8222. [PMID: 38697792 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a8222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Contrast staining is a common finding after endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. It typically occurs in infarcted tissue and is considered an indicator of irreversible brain damage. Contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue has not been systematically investigated. We sought to assess the incidence, risk factors, and clinical significance of contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue after endovascular treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent endovascular treatment for anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke. Contrast staining, defined as new hyperdensity on CT after endovascular treatment, was categorized as either contrast staining in infarcted tissue if the stained region demonstrated restricted diffusion on follow-up MR imaging or contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue if the stained region demonstrated no restricted diffusion. Baseline differences between patients with and without contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue were compared. Logistic regression was used to identify independent associations for contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue after endovascular treatment. RESULTS Among 194 patients who underwent endovascular treatment for large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke and met the inclusion criteria, contrast staining in infarcted tissue was noted in 52/194 (26.8%) patients; contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue, in 26 (13.4%) patients. Both contrast staining in infarcted tissue and contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue were noted in 5.6% (11/194). Patients with contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue were found to have a higher likelihood of having an ASPECTS of 8-10, to be associated with contrast staining in infarcted tissue, and to achieve successful reperfusion compared with those without contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue. In contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue regions, the average attenuation was 40 HU, significantly lower than the contrast staining in infarcted tissue regions (53 HU). None of the patients with contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue had clinical worsening during their hospital stay. The median discharge mRS was significantly lower in patients with contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue than in those without (3 versus 4; P = .018). No independent predictors of contrast staining in noninfarcted tissue were found. CONCLUSIONS Contrast staining can be seen outside the infarcted tissue after endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke, likely attributable to the reversible disruption of the BBB in ischemic but not infarcted tissue. While generally benign, understanding its characteristics is important because it may mimic pathologic conditions such as infarcted tissue and cerebral edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Abdalkader
- From the Department of Radiology (M.A., T.N.N., A.S., M.M.Q., P.K., A.Z.M., B.N.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- From the Department of Radiology (M.A., T.N.N., A.S., M.M.Q., P.K., A.Z.M., B.N.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology (T.N.N., C.J.O.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anurag Sahoo
- From the Department of Radiology (M.A., T.N.N., A.S., M.M.Q., P.K., A.Z.M., B.N.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Muhammad M Qureshi
- From the Department of Radiology (M.A., T.N.N., A.S., M.M.Q., P.K., A.Z.M., B.N.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology (T.N.N., C.J.O.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology (C.J.O.), Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Piers Klein
- From the Department of Radiology (M.A., T.N.N., A.S., M.M.Q., P.K., A.Z.M., B.N.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew I Miller
- Department of Medicine (M.I.M.), Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Asim Z Mian
- From the Department of Radiology (M.A., T.N.N., A.S., M.M.Q., P.K., A.Z.M., B.N.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes Kaesmacher
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology and Department of Neurology (J.K., A.M.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adnan Mujanovic
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology and Department of Neurology (J.K., A.M.), Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (W.H.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology (H.S.C.), General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Bindu N Setty
- From the Department of Radiology (M.A., T.N.N., A.S., M.M.Q., P.K., A.Z.M., B.N.S.), Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pohlmann JE, Kim ISY, Brush B, Sambhu KM, Conti L, Saglam H, Milos K, Yu L, Cronin MFM, Balogun O, Chatzidakis S, Zhang Y, Trinquart L, Huang Q, Smirnakis SM, Benjamin EJ, Dupuis J, Greer DM, Ong CJ. Association of large core middle cerebral artery stroke and hemorrhagic transformation with hospitalization outcomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10008. [PMID: 38693282 PMCID: PMC11063151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Historically, investigators have not differentiated between patients with and without hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in large core ischemic stroke at risk for life-threatening mass effect (LTME) from cerebral edema. Our objective was to determine whether LTME occurs faster in those with HT compared to those without. We conducted a two-center retrospective study of patients with ≥ 1/2 MCA territory infarct between 2006 and 2021. We tested the association of time-to-LTME and HT subtype (parenchymal, petechial) using Cox regression, controlling for age, mean arterial pressure, glucose, tissue plasminogen activator, mechanical thrombectomy, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, antiplatelets, anticoagulation, temperature, and stroke side. Secondary and exploratory outcomes included mass effect-related death, all-cause death, disposition, and decompressive hemicraniectomy. Of 840 patients, 358 (42.6%) had no HT, 403 (48.0%) patients had petechial HT, and 79 (9.4%) patients had parenchymal HT. LTME occurred in 317 (37.7%) and 100 (11.9%) had mass effect-related deaths. Parenchymal (HR 8.24, 95% CI 5.46-12.42, p < 0.01) and petechial HT (HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.92-3.17, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with time-to-LTME and mass effect-related death. Understanding different risk factors and sequelae of mass effect with and without HT is critical for informed clinical decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack E Pohlmann
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ivy So Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Benjamin Brush
- Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Krishna M Sambhu
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 85 E Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lucas Conti
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 85 E Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hanife Saglam
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katie Milos
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lillian Yu
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Michael F M Cronin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 85 E Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Oluwafemi Balogun
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Stefanos Chatzidakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ludovic Trinquart
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, 419 Boston, Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Qiuxi Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Stelios M Smirnakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jamaica Plain Veterans Administration Medical Center, 150 S Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Medical Center and Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 85 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 85 E Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center PI, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, 85 E Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song JJ, Stafford RA, Pohlmann JE, Kim ISY, Cheekati M, Dennison S, Brush B, Chatzidakis S, Huang Q, Smirnakis SM, Gilmore EJ, Mohammed S, Abdalkader M, Benjamin EJ, Dupuis J, Greer DM, Ong CJ. Later Midline Shift Is Associated with Better Outcomes after Large Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4189278. [PMID: 38699310 PMCID: PMC11065061 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4189278/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background/Objective Space occupying cerebral edema is the most feared early complication after large ischemic stroke, occurring in up to 30% of patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, and is reported to peak 2-4 days after injury. Little is known about the factors and outcomes associated with peak edema timing, especially when it occurs after 96 hours. We aimed to characterize differences between patients who experienced maximum midline shift (MLS) or decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) in the acute (<48 hours), average (48-96 hours), and subacute (>96 hours) groups and determine whether patients with subacute peak edema timing have improved discharge dispositions. Methods We performed a two-center, retrospective study of patients with ≥1/2 MCA territory infarct and MLS. We constructed a multivariable model to test the association of subacute peak edema and favorable discharge disposition, adjusting for age, admission Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), acute thrombolytic intervention, cerebral atrophy, maximum MLS, parenchymal hemorrhagic transformation, DHC, and osmotic therapy receipt. Results Of 321 eligible patients with MLS, 32%, 36%, and 32% experienced acute, average, and subacute peak edema. Subacute peak edema was significantly associated with higher odds of favorable discharge than non-subacute swelling, adjusting for confounders (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.05-3.31). Conclusions Subacute peak edema after large MCA stroke is associated with better discharge disposition compared to earlier peak edema courses. Understanding how the timing of cerebral edema affects risk of unfavorable discharge has important implications for treatment decisions and prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sydney Dennison
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | | | - Qiuxi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Jamaica Plain Veterans Administration Medical Center
| | | | | | - Shariq Mohammed
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health
| | | | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - David M Greer
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stafford R, Chatzidakis S, Kim ISY, Zhang Y, Rina A, Brush B, Mian A, Abdalkader M, Greer DM, Smirnakis SM, Feske SK, Dupuis J, Ong CJ. Follow-up ASPECTS improves prediction of potentially lethal malignant edema in patients with large middle cerebral artery stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 2023:jnis-2023-021145. [PMID: 38160055 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-021145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that follow-up head CT is a strong predictor of functional outcomes in patients with middle cerebral artery stroke and mechanical thrombectomy. We sought to determine whether total and/or regional follow-up Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTSfu) are associated with important clinical outcomes during hospitalization and improve the performance of clinical prediction models of potentially lethal malignant edema (PLME). METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients at three medical centers in a major North American metropolitan area with baseline and follow-up head CTs after large middle cerebral artery stroke between 2006 and 2022. We used multivariable logistic regression to test the association of total and regional ASPECTSfu with PLME (cerebral edema related death or surgery), adjusting for total baseline ASPECTS, age, sex, admission glucose, tissue plasminogen activator, and mechanical thrombectomy. We compared existing clinical risk models with and without total or regional ASPECTSfu using area under the curve. RESULTS In our 560 patient cohort, lower total ASPECTSfu was significantly associated with higher odds of PLME when adjusting for confounders (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.0), and improved model discrimination compared with existing models and models using baseline ASPECTS. Deep territory involvement (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.53 to 4.01) and anterior territory involvement (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.88 to 5.71) were significantly associated with PLME. CONCLUSIONS Lower ASPECTSfu and certain locations on regional ASPECTSfu, including deep and anterior areas, were significantly associated with PLME. Including ASPECTSfu information improved discrimination of established edema prediction models and could be used immediately to help facilitate clinical management decisions and prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stafford
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefanos Chatzidakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivy So Yeon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andriani Rina
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Brush
- Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Asim Mian
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohamad Abdalkader
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stelios M Smirnakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Jamaica Plain Veterans Administration Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven K Feske
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ong CJ. The prognostic potential of pupillometry in patients with acute brain injury. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:876-878. [PMID: 37652069 PMCID: PMC10791071 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene J Ong
- Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ong CJ. Quantitative Pupillometry: Not a Clear Predictor of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2023; 39:34-35. [PMID: 37225940 PMCID: PMC10792537 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, 85 East Concord Street Suite 1116, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hingorani KS, Barnes E, Carneiro T, Sader E, Anand P, Ong CJ, Chung D, Daneshmand A, Suchdev K, Takahashi C, Greer D, Shulman JG, Aparicio HJ, Nguyen TN, Romero JR, AbdalKader M, Feske SK, Kimmel SD, Weinstein ZM, Fagan M, Dobrilovic N, Awtry E, Cervantes-Arslanian AM. Strokes in Patients With Injection Drug Use and Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis - A Case Series. Neurohospitalist 2023; 13:272-277. [PMID: 37441214 PMCID: PMC10334046 DOI: 10.1177/19418744231159460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Research Design: In this study, we describe patients from a tertiary care safety-net hospital endocarditis registry with tricuspid valve infective endocarditis (TVIE), and concomitant acute or subacute ischemic stroke predominantly associated with injection drug use (IDU). We retrospectively obtained data pertinent to neurologic examinations, history of injection drug use (IDU), blood cultures, transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography (TTE/TEE), neuroimaging, and Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge. Only those patients with bacteremia, tricuspid valve vegetations, and neuroimaging consistent with acute to subacute ischemic infarction and microhemorrhages in two cases were included in this series. Results: Of 188 patients in the registry, 66 patients had TVIE and 10 of these were complicated by ischemic stroke. Neurologic symptoms were largely non-specific, eight patients had altered mental status and only 3 had focal deficits. Nine cases were associated with IDU. Two patients had evidence of a patent foramen ovale on echocardiography. Blood cultures grew S. aureus species in 9 of the patients, all associated with IDU. Three patients died during hospitalization. The mRS score at discharge for survivors ranged 0-4. Conclusions: Patients with strokes from TVIE had heterogeneous presentations and putative mechanisms. We noted that robust neuroimaging is lacking for patients with TVIE from IDU and that such patients may benefit from neuroimaging as a screen for strokes to assist peri-operative management. Further inquiry is needed to elucidate stroke mechanisms in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan S. Hingorani
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin Barnes
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thiago Carneiro
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elie Sader
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pria Anand
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlene J. Ong
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Chung
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Daneshmand
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kushak Suchdev
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney Takahashi
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Greer
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie G. Shulman
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugo J. Aparicio
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thanh N. Nguyen
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Steven K. Feske
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simeon D. Kimmel
- Medicine – Sections of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- General Internal Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe M. Weinstein
- General Internal Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education Unit, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maura Fagan
- Medicine – Sections of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikola Dobrilovic
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Awtry
- Division of Cardiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M. Cervantes-Arslanian
- Departments of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Medicine – Sections of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim ISY, Balogun OO, Prescott BR, Saglam H, Olson DM, Speir K, Stutzman SE, Schneider N, Aguilera V, Lussier BL, Smirnakis SM, Dupuis J, Mian A, Greer DM, Ong CJ. Quantitative pupillometry and radiographic markers of intracranial midline shift: A pilot study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1046548. [PMID: 36561299 PMCID: PMC9763295 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1046548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asymmetric pupil reactivity or size can be early clinical indicators of midbrain compression due to supratentorial ischemic stroke or primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH). Radiographic midline shift is associated with worse functional outcomes and life-saving interventions. Better understanding of quantitative pupil characteristics would be a non-invasive, safe, and cost-effective way to improve identification of life-threatening mass effect and resource utilization of emergent radiographic imaging. We aimed to better characterize the association between midline shift at various anatomic levels and quantitative pupil characteristics. Methods We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of brain CT images within 75 min of a quantitative pupil observation from patients admitted to Neuro-ICUs between 2016 and 2020 with large (>1/3 of the middle cerebral artery territory) acute supratentorial ischemic stroke or primary IPH > 30 mm3. For each image, we measured midline shift at the septum pellucidum (MLS-SP), pineal gland shift (PGS), the ratio of the ipsilateral to contralateral midbrain width (IMW/CMW), and other exploratory markers of radiographic shift/compression. Pupil reactivity was measured using an automated infrared pupillometer (NeurOptics®, Inc.), specifically the proprietary algorithm for Neurological Pupil Index® (NPi). We used rank-normalization and linear mixed-effects models, stratified by diagnosis and hemorrhagic conversion, to test associations of radiographic markers of shift and asymmetric pupil reactivity (Diff NPi), adjusting for age, lesion volume, Glasgow Coma Scale, and osmotic medications. Results Of 53 patients with 74 CT images, 26 (49.1%) were female, and median age was 67 years. MLS-SP and PGS were greater in patients with IPH, compared to patients with ischemic stroke (6.2 v. 4.0 mm, 5.6 v. 3.4 mm, respectively). We found no significant associations between pupil reactivity and the radiographic markers of shift when adjusting for confounders. However, we found potentially relevant relationships between MLS-SP and Diff NPi in our IPH cohort (β = 0.11, SE 0.04, P = 0.01), and PGS and Diff NPi in the ischemic stroke cohort (β = 0.16, SE 0.09, P = 0.07). Conclusion We found the relationship between midline shift and asymmetric pupil reactivity may differ between IPH and ischemic stroke. Our study may serve as necessary preliminary data to guide further prospective investigation into how clinical manifestations of radiographic midline shift differ by diagnosis and proximity to the midbrain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy So Yeon Kim
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States,Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Oluwafemi O. Balogun
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States,Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brenton R. Prescott
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States,Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanife Saglam
- Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - DaiWai M. Olson
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kinley Speir
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sonja E. Stutzman
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nathan Schneider
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Veronica Aguilera
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bethany L. Lussier
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Stelios M. Smirnakis
- Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States,Jamaica Plain Veterans Administration Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Asim Mian
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David M. Greer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Charlene J. Ong
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States,Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Charlene J. Ong
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dupre AE, Cronin MFM, Schmugge S, Tate S, Wack A, Prescott BR, Li C, Auerbach S, Suchdev K, Al-Faraj A, He W, Cervantes-Arslanian AM, Abdennadher M, Saxena A, Lehan W, Russo M, Pugsley B, Greer D, Shin M, Ong CJ. A machine learning eye movement detection algorithm using electrooculography. Sleep 2022; 46:6762708. [PMID: 36255119 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Eye movement quantification in polysomnograms (PSG) is difficult and resource intensive. Automated eye movement detection would enable further study of eye movement patterns in normal and abnormal sleep, which could be clinically diagnostic of neurologic disorders, or used to monitor potential treatments. We trained a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm that can identify eye movement occurrence with high sensitivity and specificity.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective, single-center study using one-hour PSG samples from 47 patients 18–90 years of age. Team members manually identified and trained an LSTM algorithm to detect eye movement presence, direction, and speed. We performed a 5-fold cross validation and implemented a “fuzzy” evaluation method to account for misclassification in the preceding and subsequent 1-second of gold standard manually labeled eye movements. We assessed G-means, discrimination, sensitivity, and specificity.
Results
Overall, eye movements occurred in 9.4% of the analyzed EOG recording time from 47 patients. Eye movements were present 3.2% of N2 (lighter stages of sleep) time, 2.9% of N3 (deep sleep), and 19.8% of REM sleep. Our LSTM model had average sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.89 in 5-fold cross validation, which improved to 0.93 and 0.92 respectively using the fuzzy evaluation scheme.
Conclusion
An automated algorithm can detect eye movements from EOG with excellent sensitivity and specificity. Noninvasive, automated eye movement detection has several potential clinical implications in improving sleep study stage classification and establishing normal eye movement distributions in healthy and unhealthy sleep, and in patients with and without brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E Dupre
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Michael F M Cronin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Stephen Schmugge
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina , Charlotte, NC, 28223 , USA
| | - Samuel Tate
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina , Charlotte, NC, 28223 , USA
| | - Audrey Wack
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Brenton R Prescott
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Cheyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Sanford Auerbach
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Kushak Suchdev
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Abrar Al-Faraj
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Tufts Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02111 , USA
| | - Anna M Cervantes-Arslanian
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Myriam Abdennadher
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Aneeta Saxena
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Walter Lehan
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Mary Russo
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Brian Pugsley
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - David Greer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| | - Min Shin
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina , Charlotte, NC, 28223 , USA
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center , Boston, MA, 02118 , USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA, 02118 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller MI, Orfanoudaki A, Cronin M, Saglam H, So Yeon Kim I, Balogun O, Tzalidi M, Vasilopoulos K, Fanaropoulou G, Fanaropoulou NM, Kalin J, Hutch M, Prescott BR, Brush B, Benjamin EJ, Shin M, Mian A, Greer DM, Smirnakis SM, Ong CJ. Natural Language Processing of Radiology Reports to Detect Complications of Ischemic Stroke. Neurocrit Care 2022; 37:291-302. [PMID: 35534660 PMCID: PMC9986939 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-022-01513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abstraction of critical data from unstructured radiologic reports using natural language processing (NLP) is a powerful tool to automate the detection of important clinical features and enhance research efforts. We present a set of NLP approaches to identify critical findings in patients with acute ischemic stroke from radiology reports of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We trained machine learning classifiers to identify categorical outcomes of edema, midline shift (MLS), hemorrhagic transformation, and parenchymal hematoma, as well as rule-based systems (RBS) to identify intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and continuous MLS measurements within CT/MRI reports. Using a derivation cohort of 2289 reports from 550 individuals with acute middle cerebral artery territory ischemic strokes, we externally validated our models on reports from a separate institution as well as from patients with ischemic strokes in any vascular territory. RESULTS In all data sets, a deep neural network with pretrained biomedical word embeddings (BioClinicalBERT) achieved the highest discrimination performance for binary prediction of edema (area under precision recall curve [AUPRC] > 0.94), MLS (AUPRC > 0.98), hemorrhagic conversion (AUPRC > 0.89), and parenchymal hematoma (AUPRC > 0.76). BioClinicalBERT outperformed lasso regression (p < 0.001) for all outcomes except parenchymal hematoma (p = 0.755). Tailored RBS for IVH and continuous MLS outperformed BioClinicalBERT (p < 0.001) and linear regression, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates robust performance and external validity of a core NLP tool kit for identifying both categorical and continuous outcomes of ischemic stroke from unstructured radiographic text data. Medically tailored NLP methods have multiple important big data applications, including scalable electronic phenotyping, augmentation of clinical risk prediction models, and facilitation of automatic alert systems in the hospital setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Miller
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E. Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | | | - Michael Cronin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E. Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Hanife Saglam
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Oluwafemi Balogun
- Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Tzalidi
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | - Nina M Fanaropoulou
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jack Kalin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E. Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Meghan Hutch
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Brush
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E. Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Shin
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Asim Mian
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E. Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stelios M Smirnakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Jamaica Plain Veterans Administration Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E. Concord St., Suite 1116, Boston, MA, 02118, USA. .,Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cervantes-Arslanian AM, Venkata C, Anand P, Burns JD, Ong CJ, LeMahieu AM, Schulte PJ, Singh TD, Rabinstein AA, Deo N, Bansal V, Boman K, Domecq Garces JP, Lee Armaignac D, Christie AB, Melamed RR, Tarabichi Y, Cheruku SR, Khanna AK, Denson JL, Banner-Goodspeed VM, Anderson HL, Gajic O, Kumar VK, Walkey A, Kashyap R. Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0686. [PMID: 35492258 PMCID: PMC9042584 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To describe the prevalence, associated risk factors, and outcomes of serious neurologic manifestations (encephalopathy, stroke, seizure, and meningitis/encephalitis) among patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING One hundred seventy-nine hospitals in 24 countries within the Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery Viral Infection and Respiratory Illness Universal Study COVID-19 Registry. PATIENTS Hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. INTERVENTIONS None. RESULTS Of 16,225 patients enrolled in the registry with hospital discharge status available, 2,092 (12.9%) developed serious neurologic manifestations including 1,656 (10.2%) with encephalopathy at admission, 331 (2.0%) with stroke, 243 (1.5%) with seizure, and 73 (0.5%) with meningitis/encephalitis at admission or during hospitalization. Patients with serious neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 were older with median (interquartile range) age 72 years (61.0-81.0 yr) versus 61 years (48.0-72.0 yr) and had higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions, including vascular risk factors. Adjusting for age, sex, and time since the onset of the pandemic, serious neurologic manifestations were associated with more severe disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; p < 0.001) as defined by the World Health Organization ordinal disease severity scale for COVID-19 infection. Patients with neurologic manifestations were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (OR, 1.45; p < 0.001) and require critical care interventions (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: OR, 1.78; p = 0.009 and renal replacement therapy: OR, 1.99; p < 0.001). Hospital, ICU, and 28-day mortality for patients with neurologic manifestations was higher (OR, 1.51, 1.37, and 1.58; p < 0.001), and patients had fewer ICU-free, hospital-free, and ventilator-free days (estimated difference in days, -0.84, -1.34, and -0.84; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Encephalopathy at admission is common in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and is associated with worse outcomes. While serious neurologic manifestations including stroke, seizure, and meningitis/encephalitis were less common, all were associated with increased ICU support utilization, more severe disease, and worse outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Cervantes-Arslanian
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Pria Anand
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph D Burns
- Department of Neurology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA
- Department of Neurology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Phillip J Schulte
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Neha Deo
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Vikas Bansal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Karen Boman
- Society of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Prospect, IL
| | | | - Donna Lee Armaignac
- Center for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South Florida, Coral Gables, FL
| | | | - Roman R Melamed
- Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Allina Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Yasir Tarabichi
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Sreekanth R Cheruku
- Department of Anesthesiology and Medical Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ashish K Khanna
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Network, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Joshua L Denson
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Valerie M Banner-Goodspeed
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brookline, MA
| | | | - Ognjen Gajic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Allan Walkey
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston MA
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prescott BR, Saglam H, Duskin JA, Miller MI, Thakur AS, Gholap EA, Hutch MR, Smirnakis SM, Zafar SF, Dupuis J, Benjamin EJ, Greer DM, Ong CJ. Anisocoria and Poor Pupil Reactivity by Quantitative Pupillometry in Patients With Intracranial Pathology. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:e143-e153. [PMID: 34637415 PMCID: PMC8810747 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and associated risk factors of new onset anisocoria (new pupil size difference of at least 1 mm) and its subtypes: new onset anisocoria accompanied by abnormal and normal pupil reactivities in patients with acute neurologic injuries. DESIGN We tested the association of patients who experienced new onset anisocoria subtypes with degree of midline shift using linear regression. We further explored differences between quantitative pupil characteristics associated with first-time new onset anisocoria and nonnew onset anisocoria at preceding observations using mixed effects logistic regression, adjusting for possible confounders. SETTING All quantitative pupil observations were collected at two neuro-ICUs by nursing staff as standard of care. PATIENTS We conducted a retrospective two-center study of adult patients with intracranial pathology in the ICU with at least a 24-hour stay and three or more quantitative pupil measurements between 2016 and 2018. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We studied 221 patients (mean age 58, 41% women). Sixty-three percent experienced new onset anisocoria. New onset anisocoria accompanied by objective evidence of abnormal pupil reactivity occurring at any point during hospitalization was significantly associated with maximum midline shift (β = 2.27 per mm; p = 0.01). The occurrence of new onset anisocoria accompanied by objective evidence of normal pupil reactivity was inversely associated with death (odds ratio, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.71; p = 0.01) in adjusted analyses. Subclinical continuous pupil size difference distinguished first-time new onset anisocoria from nonnew onset anisocoria in up to four preceding pupil observations (or up to 8 hr prior). Minimum pupil reactivity between eyes also distinguished new onset anisocoria accompanied by objective evidence of abnormal pupil reactivity from new onset anisocoria accompanied by objective evidence of normal pupil reactivity prior to first-time new onset anisocoria occurrence. CONCLUSIONS New onset anisocoria occurs in over 60% of patients with neurologic emergencies. Pupil reactivity may be an important distinguishing characteristic of clinically relevant new onset anisocoria phenotypes. New onset anisocoria accompanied by objective evidence of abnormal pupil reactivity was associated with midline shift, and new onset anisocoria accompanied by objective evidence of normal pupil reactivity had an inverse relationship with death. Distinct quantitative pupil characteristics precede new onset anisocoria occurrence and may allow for earlier prediction of neurologic decline. Further work is needed to determine whether quantitative pupillometry sensitively/specifically predicts clinically relevant anisocoria, enabling possible earlier treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenton R. Prescott
- Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Hanife Saglam
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jonathan A. Duskin
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Matthew I. Miller
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Arnav S. Thakur
- Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Eesha A. Gholap
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118
| | | | - Stelios M. Smirnakis
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sahar F. Zafar
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - David M. Greer
- Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Charlene J. Ong
- Boston Medical Center, 1 Boston Medical Center Pl, Boston, MA 02118
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sreekrishnan A, Ong CJ, Mahajan R, Prescott B, Smirnakis SM, Bevers MB, Feske SK, Snider SB. Subcortical Sparing Associated with Ambulatory Independence after Hemicraniectomy for Malignant Infarction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105850. [PMID: 34000606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sreekrishnan
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahul Mahajan
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brenton Prescott
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stelios M Smirnakis
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew B Bevers
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven K Feske
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel B Snider
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abdalkader M, Samuelsen BT, Moore JM, Cervantes-Arslanian A, Ong CJ, Setty BN, Mian AZ, Nguyen TN. Ruptured Spinal Aneurysms: Diagnosis and Management Paradigms. World Neurosurg 2020; 146:e368-e377. [PMID: 33223127 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal aneurysms (SA) are rare neurovascular pathologies with an unclear natural history and management strategy. We review the clinical and radiologic manifestations, management, and outcome of patients who presented with spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to ruptured spinal aneurysms over a 10-year period. We provide a literature review about this condition and its management. METHODS All patients diagnosed with nontraumatic spinal SAH were collected from a single-center prospectively maintained database of patients with SAH between January 2010 and January 2020. Patients diagnosed with spinal aneurysms were reviewed. For each patient, demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging findings, management strategies, and outcomes are reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Between January 2010 and January 2020, ten patients were diagnosed with nontraumatic spinal SAH (3 patients presented with isolated spinal SAH and 7 patients with concomitant spinal and posterior fossa SAH). Among those, 4 patients were found to have a spinal aneurysm as the cause of SAH. The aneurysms were located in the cervical regions in 3 patients (75%) and at the thoracic level in 1 patient. Two aneurysms (50%) involved the anterior spinal artery, and 2 aneurysms (50%) involved a radiculomedullary artery. One aneurysm was a flow-related aneurysm of the anterior spinal artery in the setting of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion and was treated by surgical clipping with good outcome. Three aneurysms were idiopathic pseudoaneurysms with a negative diagnostic evaluation for secondary causes. These pseudoaneurysms were treated conservatively; 2 patients did well and 1 patient passed away from severe intracranial vasospasm. Two aneurysms resolved on diagnostic angiogram, and 1 aneurysm was absent on initial angiogram and appeared on follow-up diagnostic imaging 3 months later. CONCLUSIONS Spinal aneurysms are rare neurovascular pathologies that should be considered in the setting of spinal and/or posterior fossa subarachnoid hemorrhage. Conservative treatment may be a potential safe alternative to interventional treatment. Before the initiation of surgical or endovascular treatment, spinal angiography should be repeated because of the potential for spontaneous resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Abdalkader
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Brian T Samuelsen
- School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin M Moore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Cervantes-Arslanian
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bindu N Setty
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asim Z Mian
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thanh N Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University-School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ong CJ. Quantitative Pupillometry: A Prognostic Tool for Cardiac Arrest and Refractory Cardiogenic Shock Undergoing VA-ECMO Therapy. Chest 2020; 157:1049-1050. [PMID: 32386622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
17
|
Ong CJ, Dhand A, Diringer MN. Early Withdrawal Decision-Making in Patients with Coma After Cardiac Arrest: A Qualitative Study of Intensive Care Clinicians. Neurocrit Care 2017; 25:258-65. [PMID: 27112149 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-016-0275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurologists are often asked to define prognosis in comatose patients. However, comatose patients following cardiac arrest are usually cared for by cardiologists or intensivists, and it is their approach that will influence decisions regarding withdrawal of life-sustaining interventions (WLSI). We observed that factors leading to these decisions vary across specialties and considered whether they could result in self-fulfilling prophecies and early WLSI. We conducted a hypothesis-generating qualitative study to identify factors used by non-neurologists to define prognosis in these patients and construct an explanatory model for how early WLSI might occur. METHODS This was a single-center qualitative study of intensivists caring for cardiac arrest patients with hypoxic-ischemic coma. Thirty attending physicians (n = 16) and fellows (n = 14) from cardiac (n = 8), medical (n = 6), surgical (n = 10), and neuro (n = 6) intensive care units underwent semi-structured interviews. Interview transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory techniques. RESULTS We found three components of early WLSI among non-neurointensivists: (1) development of fixed negative opinions; (2) early framing of poor clinical pictures to families; and (3) shortened windows for judging recovery potential. In contrast to neurointensivists, non-neurointensivists' negative opinions were frequently driven by patients' lack of consciousness and cardiopulmonary resuscitation circumstances. Both groups were influenced by age and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that factors influencing prognostication differ across specialties. Some differ from those recommended by published guidelines and may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies and early WLSI. Better understanding of this framework would facilitate educational interventions to mitigate this phenomenon and its implications on patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Amar Dhand
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael N Diringer
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) can be lifesaving in hemispheric stroke complicated by cerebral edema. Conversely, osmotic agents have not been shown to improve survival, despite their widespread use. It is unknown whether medical measures can similarly confer survival in certain patient subgroups. We hypothesized that osmotic therapy (OT) without DHC may be associated with a greater likelihood of survival in particular populations depending on demographic, radiologic, or treatment characteristics. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with large anterior circulation strokes with an NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) ≥10 who received OT. We compared clinical, radiologic, and treatment characteristics between two groups: (1) those who survived until discharge with only OT (medical management success) and (2) those who required either DHC or died (medical management failure). RESULTS Thirty patients met eligibility criteria. Median NIHSS was 19 [interquartile range (IQR) 13-24], and median GCS was 10 [IQR 8-14]. Forty-seven percent of the medical management cohort survived to discharge. Demographic characteristics associated with medical management success included NIHSS (p = 0.009) and non-black race (p = 0.003). Of the various interventions, the administration of OT after 24 hours and a smaller hypertonic saline dose was also associated with survival to discharge (p = 0.038 and 0.031 respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients with moderate size hemispheric infarcts on presentation and those who do not require OT within the first 24 h of stroke may survive until discharge with medical management alone. Black race was also associated with conservative management failure, a finding that may reflect a cultural preference toward aggressive management. Further prospective studies are needed to better establish the utility of medical management of hemispheric edema in the setting of moderate size hemispheric infarcts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ong
- Departments of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ong CJ, Yarbrough CK, Derdeyn CP. Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Endovascular Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Stroke 2015; 46:e259. [PMID: 26534973 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene J Ong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chester K Yarbrough
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Colin P Derdeyn
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yarbrough CK, Ong CJ, Beyer AB, Lipsey K, Derdeyn CP. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Anterior Circulation Stroke. Stroke 2015; 46:3177-83. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chester K. Yarbrough
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (C.K.Y., C.P.D.), Department of Neurology (C.J.O., C.P.D.), Bernard Becker Medical Library (K.L.), and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (C.P.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (A.B.B.)
| | - Charlene J. Ong
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (C.K.Y., C.P.D.), Department of Neurology (C.J.O., C.P.D.), Bernard Becker Medical Library (K.L.), and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (C.P.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (A.B.B.)
| | - Alexander B. Beyer
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (C.K.Y., C.P.D.), Department of Neurology (C.J.O., C.P.D.), Bernard Becker Medical Library (K.L.), and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (C.P.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (A.B.B.)
| | - Kim Lipsey
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (C.K.Y., C.P.D.), Department of Neurology (C.J.O., C.P.D.), Bernard Becker Medical Library (K.L.), and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (C.P.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (A.B.B.)
| | - Colin P. Derdeyn
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (C.K.Y., C.P.D.), Department of Neurology (C.J.O., C.P.D.), Bernard Becker Medical Library (K.L.), and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (C.P.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (A.B.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Most cases are sporadic (sCJD). The pathogenesis of sCJD is associated with a conformational change in abnormal prion protein causing widespread neuronal degeneration, and clinical manifestations can be quite protean. Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome (PNHS) is rarely associated with CJD and is more commonly associated with autoimmune/paraneoplastic syndromes associated with antibodies against the voltage-gated potassium channel complex (VGKC-Abs). Reports of PNHS in CJD are rare. We report 2 patients with progressive cognitive decline in the setting of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability on electrodiagnostic testing. In both patients VGKC-Abs were negative, and autopsy confirmed that both had sCJD, VV2 subtype. While uncommon, it is important to consider sCJD in patients presenting with PNHS and rapidly progressive dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene J Ong
- Departments of Neurology (CJO, MA-L, RB) and Pathology (PJC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Muhammad Al-Lozi
- Departments of Neurology (CJO, MA-L, RB) and Pathology (PJC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Patrick J Cimino
- Departments of Neurology (CJO, MA-L, RB) and Pathology (PJC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert Bucelli
- Departments of Neurology (CJO, MA-L, RB) and Pathology (PJC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ong CJ. Tipping point: Head computed tomography and its impact on neurology training. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:556-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene J. Ong
- Department of Neurology; Washington University School of Medicine; St Louis MO
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khosravi S, Wong RPC, Ardekani GS, Zhang G, Martinka M, Ong CJ, Li G. Role of EIF5A2, a downstream target of Akt, in promoting melanoma cell invasion. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:399-408. [PMID: 24178756 PMCID: PMC3899752 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanoma is a life-threatening skin cancer because of its poorly understood invasive nature and high metastatic potential. This study examines the importance of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 (EIF5A2) in melanoma pathogenesis. METHODS We examined EIF5A2 expression in 459 melanocytic lesions using tissue microarray. In addition, melanoma cell lines were subjected to invasion and cell proliferation assays, zymography, FACS and real-time PCR to investigate the role of EIF5A2 in cancer progression. RESULTS Positive EIF5A2 staining increased from dysplastic naevi to primary melanomas (PMs; P=0.001), and further increased in metastatic melanomas (P=0.044). Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A2 expression was correlated with melanoma thickness (P<0.001) and was inversely correlated with the 5-year survival of PM patients especially those with tumour ≤2 mm thick. Strikingly, none of the latter died within 5 years in EIF5A2-negative staining group. Cox regression analysis revealed that EIF5A2 is an independent prognostic marker. Further, we found that EIF5A2 is a novel downstream target of phosphorylated Akt. Both melanoma cell invasion and MMP-2 activity increased and decreased with EIF5A2 overexpression and knockdown, respectively. CONCLUSION We for the first time showed that EIF5A2, as a target of PI3K/Akt, promotes melanoma cell invasion and may serve as a promising prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Khosravi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R P C Wong
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G S Ardekani
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Martinka
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C J Ong
- Department of Surgery, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - G Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Research Pavilion, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hayashi N, Peacock JW, Beraldi E, Zoubeidi A, Gleave ME, Ong CJ. Hsp27 silencing coordinately inhibits proliferation and promotes Fas-induced apoptosis by regulating the PEA-15 molecular switch. Cell Death Differ 2011; 19:990-1002. [PMID: 22179576 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of various cancers. Although the role of Hsp27 in protection from stress-induced intrinsic cell death has been relatively well studied, its role in Fas (death domain containing member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily)-induced apoptosis and cell proliferation remains underappreciated. Here, we show that Hsp27 silencing induces dual coordinated effects, resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation and sensitization of cells to Fas-induced apoptosis through regulation of PEA-15 (15-kDa phospho-enriched protein in astrocytes). We demonstrate that Hsp27 silencing suppresses proliferation by causing PEA-15 to bind and sequester extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), resulting in reduced translocation of ERK to the nucleus. Concurrently, Hsp27 silencing promotes Fas-induced apoptosis by inducing PEA-15 to release Fas-associating protein with a novel death domain (FADD), thus allowing FADD to participate in death receptor signaling. Conversely, Hsp27 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and suppresses Fas-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that Hsp27 regulation of PEA-15 activity occurs in an Akt-dependent manner. Significantly, Hsp27 silencing in a panel of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) wild-type or null cell lines, and in LNCaP cells that inducibly express PTEN, resulted in selective growth inhibition of PTEN-deficient cancer cells. These data identify a dual coordinated role of Hsp27 in cell proliferation and Fas-induced apoptosis via Akt and PEA-15, and indicate that improved clinical responses to Hsp27-targeted therapy may be achieved by stratifying patient populations based on tumor PTEN expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Hayashi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shen K, Li X, P M Pullens W, Zheng H, Ong CJ, V Wilder-Smith E. Key Feature Extraction for Fatigue Identification using Random Forests. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2005:2044-7. [PMID: 17282628 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) might be the most predictive and reliable physiological indicator of mental fatigue. However, the extraction of key features from massive EEG data for mental fatigue identification remains a challenge. The objective of this study is to identify the key EEG features in relationship to mental fatigue, from a broad pool of EEG features generated by quantitative EEG (qEEG) techniques, using Random Forests (RF), which is a recently developed machine learning algorithm. The method is applied to key EEG feature extraction for 5-level mental fatigue identification using the five subjects' EEG data recorded in 25-hour fatigue experiments. RF produces significant feature reduction with little compromise of the classification performance. The identified key EEG features also indicate that electrode locations in frontal and occipital regions of the brain are most important for adequate representation of the deactivation of functional lobes of the brain, which is consistent with the anatomical areas known to be involved in mental fatigue. It is also interesting to discover that the four frequency bands are all important for the mental fatigue identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shen
- National University of Singapore, Singapore (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Mice heterozygous for the tight-skin (Tsk) mutation develop skin fibrosis. Previous studies have implicated a role for the immune system and, specifically, CD4(+) T cells, in the etiology of skin fibrosis in Tsk/+ mice. We have recently shown that the administration of neutralizing anti-IL-4 antibodies to Tsk/+ mice prevented the development of skin fibrosis in these mice. Since IL-4 is a major cytokine produced by T helper 2 (Th2) cells, we investigated the role of Th2 cells in mediating skin fibrosis in Tsk/+ mice. Previous studies have shown that the development of Th2 cells in non-Tsk mice is abrogated in mice with null mutation for either the IL-4 or the Stat6 gene. In this study we showed that the polarization of CD4(+) T cells from Tsk/+ mice toward the Th2 lineage is also dependent on a functioning IL-4 or Stat6 gene. More importantly, the development of skin fibrosis in Tsk/+ mice was abrogated by the IL4(-/-) or the Stat6(-/-) mutation. We also determined whether alteration of the TCR repertoire in Tsk/+ mice, achieved by the introduction of TCR transgenes, was able to prevent the development of skin fibrosis in Tsk/+ mice. We found that the exclusive usage of the Vbeta8.2 gene segment by T cells was sufficient to prevent skin fibrosis in Tsk/+ mice. This result suggests that the exclusive use of this Vbeta gene segment by T cells may have prevented the development of fibrosis-causing Th2 cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibrosis/immunology
- Fibrosis/pathology
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- STAT6 Transcription Factor
- Scleroderma, Systemic/immunology
- Scleroderma, Systemic/pathology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Boyd R, Kozieradzki I, Chidgey A, Mittrücker HW, Bouchard D, Timms E, Kishihara K, Ong CJ, Chui D, Marth JD, Mak TW, Penninger JM. Receptor-specific allelic exclusion of TCRV alpha-chains during development. J Immunol 1998; 161:1718-27. [PMID: 9712036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Expression of a single Ag receptor on lymphocytes is maintained via allelic exclusion that generates cells with a clonal receptor repertoire. We show in normal mice and mice expressing functionally rearranged TCR alphabeta transgenes that allelic exclusion at the TCR alpha locus is not operational in immature thymocytes, whereas most mature T cells express a single TCRV alpha-chain. TCRV alpha allelic exclusion in mature thymocytes is regulated through a CD45 tyrosine phosphatase-mediated signal during positive selection. Using functional and genetic systems for selection of immature double TCRV alpha+ thymocytes, we show that peptide-specific ligand recognition provides the signal for allelic exclusion, i.e., mature T cells maintain expression of the ligand-specific TCRV alpha-chain, but lose the nonfunctional receptor. Whereas activation of TCRV beta-chains or CD3epsilon leads to receptor internalization, TCRV alpha ligation promotes retention of the TCR on the cell surface. Although both TCRV alpha- and TCRV beta-chains trigger phosphotyrosine signaling, only the TCRV beta-chain mediates membrane recruitment of the GTPase dynamin. These data indicate that TCRV alpha-directed signals for positive selection control allelic exclusion in T cells, and that developmental signals can select for single receptor usage.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Membrane/enzymology
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Dynamins
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism
- Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microtubules/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Transgenes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Boyd
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash Medical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ong CJ, Lim AS, Teh HS. CD28-induced cytokine production and proliferation by thymocytes are differentially regulated by the p59fyn tyrosine kinase. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.5.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD28 is a 44-kDa homodimeric receptor that is expressed on the majority of T cells. Engagement of the CD28 receptor by soluble anti-CD28 mAb in conjunction with phorbol ester (PMA) induces the production of cytokines and the proliferation of resting T cells via signal transduction pathways independent of the TCR. Evidence is provided herein that CD28 signals leading to cytokine production do not require the p59fyn (Fyn) tyrosine kinase, whereas CD28-mediated proliferation is dependent on the presence of the Fyn kinase in thymic, but not lymph node, cells. The defect in proliferation is not due to failure of IL-2R signaling, since addition of high concentrations of exogenous IL-2 can overcome the proliferative defect. Analysis of CD28-directed induction of the IL-2R alpha (CD25)-chain, which confers high affinity binding to IL-2, showed that Fyn-deficient thymocytes, but not lymph node cells, failed to up-regulate CD25 expression following anti-CD28 and PMA stimulation. Thus, the Fyn tyrosine kinase is critically required for thymic CD28-mediated CD25 expression and proliferation but not for CD28-mediated cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A S Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H S Teh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ong CJ, Lim AS, Teh HS. CD28-induced cytokine production and proliferation by thymocytes are differentially regulated by the p59fyn tyrosine kinase. J Immunol 1997; 159:2169-76. [PMID: 9278304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CD28 is a 44-kDa homodimeric receptor that is expressed on the majority of T cells. Engagement of the CD28 receptor by soluble anti-CD28 mAb in conjunction with phorbol ester (PMA) induces the production of cytokines and the proliferation of resting T cells via signal transduction pathways independent of the TCR. Evidence is provided herein that CD28 signals leading to cytokine production do not require the p59fyn (Fyn) tyrosine kinase, whereas CD28-mediated proliferation is dependent on the presence of the Fyn kinase in thymic, but not lymph node, cells. The defect in proliferation is not due to failure of IL-2R signaling, since addition of high concentrations of exogenous IL-2 can overcome the proliferative defect. Analysis of CD28-directed induction of the IL-2R alpha (CD25)-chain, which confers high affinity binding to IL-2, showed that Fyn-deficient thymocytes, but not lymph node cells, failed to up-regulate CD25 expression following anti-CD28 and PMA stimulation. Thus, the Fyn tyrosine kinase is critically required for thymic CD28-mediated CD25 expression and proliferation but not for CD28-mediated cytokine production.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CD28 Antigens/drug effects
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD28 Antigens/physiology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Organ Specificity
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/deficiency
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ong CJ, Dutz JP, Chui D, Teh HS, Marth JD. CD45 enhances positive selection and is expressed at a high level in large, cycling, positively selected CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Immunology 1997; 91:95-103. [PMID: 9203971 PMCID: PMC1364040 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell development is arrested at the CD4+CD8+ (DP; double-positive) stage of thymocyte development in CD45 null mice. However, the mechanism by which CD45 participates in the positive selection of T cells remains to be investigated. In this report we describe a DP thymocyte population that associates positive selection with expression of high levels of CD45, CD4 and CD8. DP thymocytes of this phenotype are large, cycling cells and represent approximately 20% of DP thymocytes in normal mice. In mice expressing a transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR) specific for the male antigen presented by H-2Db (H-Y TCR), the up-regulation of TCR, CD5 and CD69 in this large DP population occurred in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted manner. To investigate further the role of CD45 in positive selection, we determined whether thymocytes that expressed a transgenic CD45RO molecule under the control of the proximal lck promoter can influence the positive selection of T cells in H-Y TCR transgenic mice. It was found that in female H-Y TCR transgenic mice, MHC-restricted positive selection of CD4- CD8+ H-Y TCR+ thymocytes was enhanced by increased CD45RO expression. Thus, CD45 increases the efficacy of positive selection of CD4- CD8+ thymocytes that express H-Y TCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ong
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kozieradzki I, Kündig T, Kishihara K, Ong CJ, Chiu D, Wallace VA, Kawai K, Timms E, Ionescu J, Ohashi P, Marth JD, Mak TW, Penninger JM. T cell development in mice expressing splice variants of the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.158.7.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is expressed in multiple isoforms as a result of alternative splicing of variable exons encoding the extracellular domain. CD45 expression is critical for T cell development, and thymocyte maturation is blocked at the immature CD4+ CD8+ double-positive stage in CD45 gene-deficient (CD45 -/-) mice. Moreover, splicing of variable CD45 exons changes during thymocyte selection. To test the role of CD45 extracellular splice variants in T cell selection and development, we introduced CD45RO (a low-m.w. splice variant lacking exons 4, 5, and 6) and CD45ABC (a high-m.w. isoform containing all exons) transgenes under the control of a thymocyte-specific promoter into a CD45 -/- background, generating CD45RO transgene-positive CD45 -/- (CD45RO) and CD45ABC transgene-positive CD45 -/- (CD45ABC) mice. We demonstrate that both CD45 splice isoforms can rescue development of CD4+ and CD8+ TCR-alphabeta+ thymocytes. Neither CD45 isoform rescued positive selection of H-Y TCR transgene thymocytes, and these cells were blocked at a HSA(high) CD69- CD5(low) stage of development. Peripheral T cells from CD45RO and CD45ABC mice proliferated in response to allogeneic stimulator cells and anti-CD3epsilon cross-linking. However, only CD45RO mice, not CD45ABC mice, generated cytotoxic T cell responses and neutralizing, Th cell-dependent IgG Abs after viral infections. In addition, we show that T cells from CD45RO and CD45ABC mice accumulate in lymph nodes but not in the spleen, liver, or skin, indicating that the CD45 phosphatase may control the homing behavior and trafficking of T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kozieradzki
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Kündig
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Kishihara
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C J Ong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Chiu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V A Wallace
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Kawai
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Timms
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Ionescu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Ohashi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J D Marth
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T W Mak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J M Penninger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kozieradzki I, Kündig T, Kishihara K, Ong CJ, Chiu D, Wallace VA, Kawai K, Timms E, Ionescu J, Ohashi P, Marth JD, Mak TW, Penninger JM. T cell development in mice expressing splice variants of the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45. J Immunol 1997; 158:3130-9. [PMID: 9120266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is expressed in multiple isoforms as a result of alternative splicing of variable exons encoding the extracellular domain. CD45 expression is critical for T cell development, and thymocyte maturation is blocked at the immature CD4+ CD8+ double-positive stage in CD45 gene-deficient (CD45 -/-) mice. Moreover, splicing of variable CD45 exons changes during thymocyte selection. To test the role of CD45 extracellular splice variants in T cell selection and development, we introduced CD45RO (a low-m.w. splice variant lacking exons 4, 5, and 6) and CD45ABC (a high-m.w. isoform containing all exons) transgenes under the control of a thymocyte-specific promoter into a CD45 -/- background, generating CD45RO transgene-positive CD45 -/- (CD45RO) and CD45ABC transgene-positive CD45 -/- (CD45ABC) mice. We demonstrate that both CD45 splice isoforms can rescue development of CD4+ and CD8+ TCR-alphabeta+ thymocytes. Neither CD45 isoform rescued positive selection of H-Y TCR transgene thymocytes, and these cells were blocked at a HSA(high) CD69- CD5(low) stage of development. Peripheral T cells from CD45RO and CD45ABC mice proliferated in response to allogeneic stimulator cells and anti-CD3epsilon cross-linking. However, only CD45RO mice, not CD45ABC mice, generated cytotoxic T cell responses and neutralizing, Th cell-dependent IgG Abs after viral infections. In addition, we show that T cells from CD45RO and CD45ABC mice accumulate in lymph nodes but not in the spleen, liver, or skin, indicating that the CD45 phosphatase may control the homing behavior and trafficking of T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Kozieradzki
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dutz JP, Ong CJ, Marth J, Teh HS. Distinct differentiative stages of CD4+CD8+ thymocyte development defined by the lack of coreceptor binding in positive selection. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.6.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cortical CD4+CD8+ thymocytes mature into CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes through a process termed positive selection. To better define differentiative stages of CD4+CD8+ thymocyte development in positive selection, we performed a phenotypic analysis of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes from H-Y mice mated to various genetic backgrounds. We have previously shown that coordinate binding of the H-Y TCR and the CD8 coreceptor to the restricting Db MHC class I molecule is required for the efficient positive selection of this TCR. In this study we have used TCR, CD5, and CD45 expression levels as markers for thymocyte maturation. Lack of CD8/Db interaction was achieved by introducing a mutation that abrogates CD8 binding in the alpha 3 domain of Db. We found that the absence of coreceptor ligation prevented TCR up-regulation in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and resulted in a developmental arrest characterized by low levels of TCR and CD45. We have previously shown that deletion of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes expressing the H-Y TCR is facilitated by CD8 coreceptor ligation. Here we show that expression of the deleting ligand in the absence of coreceptor ligation caused CD5 up-regulation without concomitant TCR or CD45 up-regulation in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. In a beta 2-microglobulin null background, introduction of the H-Y TCR caused the majority of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes to express an unusually low level of of the CD5 activation marker, suggesting that a low-affinity or noncognate TCR/MHC interaction may be required for initial CD5 up-regulation to intermediate levels. Collectively, these observations favor a maturational process in positive selection in which CD5 up-regulation precedes CD45 and TCR up-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Dutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - C J Ong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J Marth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H S Teh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dutz JP, Ong CJ, Marth J, Teh HS. Distinct differentiative stages of CD4+CD8+ thymocyte development defined by the lack of coreceptor binding in positive selection. J Immunol 1995; 154:2588-99. [PMID: 7533178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cortical CD4+CD8+ thymocytes mature into CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes through a process termed positive selection. To better define differentiative stages of CD4+CD8+ thymocyte development in positive selection, we performed a phenotypic analysis of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes from H-Y mice mated to various genetic backgrounds. We have previously shown that coordinate binding of the H-Y TCR and the CD8 coreceptor to the restricting Db MHC class I molecule is required for the efficient positive selection of this TCR. In this study we have used TCR, CD5, and CD45 expression levels as markers for thymocyte maturation. Lack of CD8/Db interaction was achieved by introducing a mutation that abrogates CD8 binding in the alpha 3 domain of Db. We found that the absence of coreceptor ligation prevented TCR up-regulation in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and resulted in a developmental arrest characterized by low levels of TCR and CD45. We have previously shown that deletion of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes expressing the H-Y TCR is facilitated by CD8 coreceptor ligation. Here we show that expression of the deleting ligand in the absence of coreceptor ligation caused CD5 up-regulation without concomitant TCR or CD45 up-regulation in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. In a beta 2-microglobulin null background, introduction of the H-Y TCR caused the majority of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes to express an unusually low level of of the CD5 activation marker, suggesting that a low-affinity or noncognate TCR/MHC interaction may be required for initial CD5 up-regulation to intermediate levels. Collectively, these observations favor a maturational process in positive selection in which CD5 up-regulation precedes CD45 and TCR up-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Dutz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ong CJ, Chui D, Teh HS, Marth JD. Thymic CD45 tyrosine phosphatase regulates apoptosis and MHC-restricted negative selection. J Immunol 1994; 152:3793-805. [PMID: 8144949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of immunologic self-tolerance is governed, in part, by selection mechanisms that occur during intrathymic T cell ontogeny. Although considerable data exist for the molecular basis of mature T cell signal transduction, the enzymes that participate in thymic TCR selection processes have remained unidentified. We report that augmented thymic expression of the CD45R0 protein tyrosine phosphatase increased the efficacy of TCR-mediated apoptosis and MHC-restricted negative selection of HY TCRs in vivo. Additionally, augmented CD45R0 expression resulted in the activation of endogenous p56lck tyrosine kinase in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. These results identify a cellular enzyme, the CD45R0 protein tyrosine phosphatase, involved in the regulation of apoptosis and TCR selection mechanisms during CD4+CD8+ thymocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ong
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ong CJ, Chui D, Teh HS, Marth JD. Thymic CD45 tyrosine phosphatase regulates apoptosis and MHC-restricted negative selection. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.152.8.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The acquisition of immunologic self-tolerance is governed, in part, by selection mechanisms that occur during intrathymic T cell ontogeny. Although considerable data exist for the molecular basis of mature T cell signal transduction, the enzymes that participate in thymic TCR selection processes have remained unidentified. We report that augmented thymic expression of the CD45R0 protein tyrosine phosphatase increased the efficacy of TCR-mediated apoptosis and MHC-restricted negative selection of HY TCRs in vivo. Additionally, augmented CD45R0 expression resulted in the activation of endogenous p56lck tyrosine kinase in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. These results identify a cellular enzyme, the CD45R0 protein tyrosine phosphatase, involved in the regulation of apoptosis and TCR selection mechanisms during CD4+CD8+ thymocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ong
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Chui
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - H S Teh
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - J D Marth
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Multiple isoforms of T cell CD45 tyrosine phosphatase are expressed as a result of alternative RNA splicing among extracellular exons. To discern the presence and identity of distinct functions among CD45 isoforms, we compared thymic T cell activation responses by elevating expression of two CD45 isoforms normally found on quiescent T cells. We report that CD45RABC significantly increased CD4+ thymic T cell proliferation in both a mixed lymphocyte reaction and following anti-T cell receptor (TCR) antibody stimulation. Additionally, CD45RABC enhanced Ca2+ mobilization and phosphotyrosine accumulation, and suppressed the inhibitory effect of anti-CD4 antibodies. By contrast, CD45R0 did not enhance TCR signaling or phosphotyrosine levels in CD4+ thymic T cells and required a TCR co-stimulus to augment cellular proliferation. These studies provide genetic evidence that alternative CD45 isoforms are functionally distinct and disclose a unique mechanism by which T cell immunologic responsiveness can be modified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Chui
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Marth JD, Ong CJ, Chui D. Specific CD45 isoforms regulate T cell ontogeny and are functionally distinct in modifying immune activation. Adv Exp Med Biol 1994; 365:149-66. [PMID: 7534035 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-0987-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Marth
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Caulobacters attach to surfaces in the environment via their holdfasts, attachment organelles located at the base of the flagellum in swarmer cells and later at the end of the cellular stalk in the stalked cells which develop from the swarmer cells. There seems to be little specificity with respect to the types of surfaces to which holdfasts adhere. A notable exception is that the holdfast of one cell does not adhere to the cell surface of another caulobacter, except by joining holdfasts, typically forming "rosettes" of stalked cells. Thus, the localized adhesion of the holdfasts to the cells is in some way a specialized attachment. We investigated this holdfast-cell attachment by developing an adhesion screening assay and analyzing several mutants of Caulobacter crescentus CB2A selected to be defective in adhesion. One class of mutants made a normal holdfast by all available criteria, yet the attachment to the cell was very weak, such that the holdfast was readily shed. Another class of mutants made no holdfast at all, but when mixed with a wild-type strain, a mutant of this class participated in rosette formation. The mutant could also attach to the discarded holdfast produced by a shedding mutant. In addition, when rosettes composed of holdfast-defective and wild-type cells were examined, an increase in the number of holdfast-defective cells was correlated with a decrease in the ability of the holdfast material at the center of the rosette to bind colloidal gold particles. Gold particles are one type of surface to which holdfasts adhere well, suggesting that the stalk end and the colloidal gold particles occupy the same sites on the holdfast substance. Taken together, the data support the interpretation that there is a specialized attachment site for the holdfast at the base of the flagellum which later becomes the end of the stalk, but not a specialized region of the holdfast for attachment to this site. Also, attachment to the cell is accomplished by bond formations that occur not only at the time of holdfast production. Thus, we propose that the attachment of the holdfast to the cell is a true adhesion process and that the stalk tip and base of the flagellum must have compositions distinctly different from that of the remainder of the caulobacter cell surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ong
- Department of Microbiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|