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Hausmann M, Seuwen K, de Vallière C, Busch M, Ruiz PA, Rogler G. Role of pH-sensing receptors in colitis. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:611-622. [PMID: 38514581 PMCID: PMC11006753 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Low pH in the gut is associated with severe inflammation, fibrosis, and colorectal cancer (CRC) and is a hallmark of active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subsequently, pH-sensing mechanisms are of interest for the understanding of IBD pathophysiology. Tissue hypoxia and acidosis-two contributing factors to disease pathophysiology-are linked to IBD, and understanding their interplay is highly relevant for the development of new therapeutic options. One member of the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, GPR65 (T-cell death-associated gene 8, TDAG8), was identified as a susceptibility gene for IBD in a large genome-wide association study. In response to acidic extracellular pH, GPR65 induces an anti-inflammatory response, whereas the two other proton-sensing receptors, GPR4 and GPR68 (ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1, OGR1), mediate pro-inflammatory responses. Here, we review the current knowledge on the role of these proton-sensing receptors in IBD and IBD-associated fibrosis and cancer, as well as colitis-associated cancer (CAC). We also describe emerging small molecule modulators of these receptors as therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Moana Busch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, CH, Switzerland
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2
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Caratis F, Opiełka M, Hausmann M, Velasco-Estevez M, Rojek B, de Vallière C, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Karaszewski B, Rutkowska A. The proton-sensing receptors TDAG8 and GPR4 are differentially expressed in human and mouse oligodendrocytes: Exploring their role in neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0283060. [PMID: 38527054 PMCID: PMC10962805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acidosis is one of the hallmarks of demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). The response to acidic pH is primarily mediated by a family of G protein-coupled proton-sensing receptors: OGR1, GPR4 and TDAG8. These receptors are inactive at alkaline pH, reaching maximal activation at acidic pH. Genome-wide association studies have identified a locus within the TDAG8 gene associated with several autoimmune diseases, including MS. Accordingly, we here found that expression of TDAG8, as opposed to GPR4 or OGR1, is upregulated in MS plaques. This led us to investigate the expression of TDAG8 in oligodendrocytes using mouse and human in vitro and in vivo models. We observed significant upregulation of TDAG8 in human MO3.13 oligodendrocytes during maturation and in response to acidic conditions. However, its deficiency did not impact normal myelination in the mouse CNS, and its expression remained unaltered under demyelinating conditions in mouse organotypic cerebellar slices. Notably, our data revealed no expression of TDAG8 in primary mouse oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in contrast to its expression in primary human OPCs. Our investigations have revealed substantial species differences in the expression of proton-sensing receptors in oligodendrocytes, highlighting the limitations of the employed experimental models in fully elucidating the role of TDAG8 in myelination and oligodendrocyte biology. Consequently, the study does not furnish robust evidence for the role of TDAG8 in such processes. Nonetheless, our findings tentatively point towards a potential association between TDAG8 and myelination processes in humans, hinting at a potential link between TDAG8 and the pathophysiology of MS and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionä Caratis
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Opiełka
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Velasco-Estevez
- H12O-CNIO Hematological Malignancies Group, Clinical Research Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncologicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bartłomiej Rojek
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk & University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bartosz Karaszewski
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk & University Clinical Centre, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Brain Diseases Centre, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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3
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Perren L, Busch M, Schuler C, Ruiz PA, Foti F, Weibel N, de Vallière C, Morsy Y, Seuwen K, Hausmann M, Rogler G. OGR1 (GPR68) and TDAG8 (GPR65) Have Antagonistic Effects in Models of Colonic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14855. [PMID: 37834303 PMCID: PMC10573511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), including pro-inflammatory ovarian cancer GPR1 (OGR1/GPR68) and anti-inflammatory T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8/GPR65), are involved in pH sensing and linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OGR1 and TDAG8 show opposite effects. To determine which effect is predominant or physiologically more relevant, we deleted both receptors in models of intestinal inflammation. Combined Ogr1 and Tdag8 deficiency was assessed in spontaneous and acute murine colitis models. Disease severity was assessed using clinical scores. Colon samples were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry (FACS). In acute colitis, Ogr1-deficient mice showed significantly decreased clinical scores compared with wildtype (WT) mice, while Tdag8-deficient mice and double knockout (KO) mice presented similar scores to WT. In Il-10-spontaneous colitis, Ogr1-deficient mice presented significantly decreased, and Tdag8-deficient mice had increased inflammation. In the Il10-/- × Ogr1-/- × Tdag8-/- triple KO mice, inflammation was significantly decreased compared with Tdag8-/-. Absence of Ogr1 reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in Tdag8-deficient mice. Tdag8-/- had significantly more IFNγ+ T-lymphocytes and IL-23 T-helper cells in the colon compared with WT. The absence of OGR1 significantly alleviates the intestinal damage mediated by the lack of functional TDAG8. Both OGR1 and TDAG8 represent potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Schuler C, Foti F, Perren L, Mamie C, Weder B, Stokmaier M, de Vallière C, Heuchel R, Ruiz PA, Rogler G, Hausmann M. Deletion of Smad7 Ameliorates Intestinal Inflammation and Contributes to Fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 29:647-660. [PMID: 36282601 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) express increased mucosal levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β compared with non-IBD controls. SMAD7 negatively regulates TGF-β signaling. An earlier study aiming to target Smad7 showed a lack of clinical benefit. It remains unknown whether inhibition of SMAD7 is beneficial in specific settings of IBD. We evaluated the effect of Smad7 deficiency on inflammation, fibrogenesis, and wound healing. METHODS For the initiation of fibrosis in Smad7-/- (Smad7Δex-I) CD-1 mice, the dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis model and the heterotopic transplantation model of fibrosis were used. Wound closure of fibroblasts from Smad7-/- mice was determined using culture inserts and electric cell-substrate impedance sensing in vitro. RESULTS In dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis, Smad7 deficiency was associated with ameliorated inflammation, as evidenced by decreased clinical score, histological score, and myeloperoxidase activity. Absence of SMAD7 decreased T-cell accumulation in colonic tissue and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA expression levels. Smad7-/- mice showed a significant increase in hydroxyproline and collagen content, as well as ColIVa1 mRNA expression. Wild type mice transplanted with terminal ileum from Smad7-/- mice in the heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis showed a significant increase in collagen content and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSIONS Smad7 deficiency is associated with a decrease in intestinal inflammation and an increase in fibrosis. Targeting SMAD7 constitutes a potential new treatment option for IBD; progression of disease-associated fibrosis should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Foti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Perren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Stokmaier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Pancreas Cancer Research Lab, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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de Vallière C, Cosin-Roger J, Baebler K, Schoepflin A, Mamie C, Mollet M, Schuler C, Bengs S, Lang S, Scharl M, Seuwen K, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M, Rogler G. pH-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Expression and Activation Increases in Intestinal Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031419. [PMID: 35163345 PMCID: PMC8835966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Local extracellular acidification occurs at sites of inflammation. Proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, also known as GPR68) responds to decreases in extracellular pH. Our previous studies show a role for OGR1 in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation, suggesting a link between tissue pH and immune responses. Additionally, pH-dependent signalling is associated with the progression of intestinal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate OGR1 expression and OGR1-mediated signalling in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our results show that OGR1 expression significantly increased in patients with IBD compared to non-IBD patients, as demonstrated by qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Paired samples from non-inflamed and inflamed intestinal areas of IBD patients showed stronger OGR1 IHC staining in inflamed mucosal segments compared to non-inflamed mucosa. IHC of human surgical samples revealed OGR1 expression in macrophages, granulocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. OGR1-dependent inositol phosphate (IP) production was significantly increased in CD14+ monocytes from IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. Primary human and murine fibroblasts exhibited OGR1-dependent IP formation, RhoA activation, F-actin, and stress fibre formation upon an acidic pH shift. OGR1 expression and signalling increases with IBD disease activity, suggesting an active role of OGR1 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | | | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Michelle Mollet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 4033 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; (C.d.V.); (J.C.-R.); (K.B.); (C.M.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (S.B.); (S.L.); (M.S.); (P.A.R.); (M.H.)
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)44-255-2401
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6
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Weder B, Schefer F, van Haaften WT, Patsenker E, Stickel F, Mueller S, Hutter S, Schuler C, Baebler K, Wang Y, Mamie C, Dijkstra G, de Vallière C, Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA, Frey-Wagner I, Ruiz PA, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Hausmann M. New Therapeutic Approach for Intestinal Fibrosis Through Inhibition of pH-Sensing Receptor GPR4. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:109-125. [PMID: 34320209 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) express increased mucosal levels of pH-sensing receptors compared with non-IBD controls. Acidification leads to angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. We aimed to determine the expression of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) in fibrotic lesions in Crohn's disease (CD) patients. We further evaluated the effect of deficiency in Gpr4 or its pharmacologic inhibition. METHODS Paired samples from fibrotic and nonfibrotic terminal ileum were obtained from CD patients undergoing ileocaecal resection. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency were assessed in the spontaneous Il-10-/- and the chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) murine colitis model. The effects of Gpr4 deficiency and a GPR4 antagonist (39c) were assessed in the heterotopic intestinal transplantation model. RESULTS In human terminal ileum, increased expression of fibrosis markers was accompanied by an increase in GPR4 expression. A positive correlation between the expression of procollagens and GPR4 was observed. In murine disease models, Gpr4 deficiency was associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis evidenced by decreased vessel length and expression of Edn, Vegfα, and procollagens. The heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis, transplanted with terminal ileum from Gpr4-/- mice, revealed a decrease in mRNA expression of fibrosis markers and a decrease in collagen content and layer thickness compared with grafts from wild type mice. The GPR4 antagonist decreased collagen deposition. The GPR4 expression was also observed in human and murine intestinal fibroblasts. The GPR4 inhibition reduced markers of fibroblast activation stimulated by low pH, notably Acta2 and cTgf. CONCLUSIONS Expression of GPR4 positively correlates with the expression of profibrotic genes and collagen. Deficiency of Gpr4 is associated with a decrease in angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. The GPR4 antagonist decreases collagen deposition. Targeting GPR4 with specific inhibitors may constitute a new treatment option for IBD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Schefer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Tobias van Haaften
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Patsenker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Alcohol Research, Salem Medical Center University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Senta Hutter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Forum1 Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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de Vallière C, Bäbler K, Busenhart P, Schwarzfischer M, Maeyashiki C, Schuler C, Atrott K, Lang S, Spalinger MR, Scharl M, Ruiz-Castro PA, Hausmann M, Rogler G. A Novel OGR1 (GPR68) Inhibitor Attenuates Inflammation in Murine Models of Colitis. Inflamm Intest Dis 2021; 6:140-153. [PMID: 34722644 DOI: 10.1159/000517474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Local extracellular acidification is associated with several conditions, such as ischemia, cancer, metabolic disease, respiratory diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several recent studies reported a link between IBD and a family of pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptors. Our previous studies point to an essential role for OGR1 (GPR68) in the modulation of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a novel OGR1 inhibitor in murine models of colitis. Methods The effects of a novel small-molecule OGR1 inhibitor were assessed in the acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine models of colitis. Macroscopic disease indicators of intestinal inflammation were evaluated, and epithelial damage and immune cell infiltration and proliferation were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results The OGR1 inhibitor ameliorated clinical parameters in acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis. In mice treated with the OGR1 inhibitor, endoscopy showed no thickening and normal vascularity, while fibrin was not detected. Histopathological findings revealed a decrease in severity of colonic inflammation in the OGR1 inhibitor group when compared to vehicle-DSS controls. In OGR1 inhibitor-treated mice, staining for the macrophage marker F4/80 and cellular proliferation marker Ki-67 revealed a reduction of infiltrating macrophages and slightly enhanced cell proliferation, respectively. This was accompanied by a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF and IL-6, and the fibrosis marker TGF-β1. Conclusion This is the first report providing evidence that a pharmacological inhibition of OGR1 has a therapeutic effect in murine colitis models. Our data suggest that targeting proton-sensing OGR1 using specific small-molecule inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Bäbler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Busenhart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marlene Schwarzfischer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordelia Schuler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz-Castro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, (USZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Simmen S, Maane M, Rogler S, Baebler K, Lang S, Cosin-Roger J, Atrott K, Frey-Wagner I, Spielmann P, Wenger RH, Weder B, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Rogler G, de Vallière C, Hausmann M, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia Reduces the Transcription of Fibrotic Markers in the Intestinal Mucosa. Inflamm Intest Dis 2021; 6:87-100. [PMID: 34124180 DOI: 10.1159/000513061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intestinal fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is a common and severe clinical complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanisms underlying fibrosis remain elusive, and currently, there are limited effective pharmacologic treatments that target the development of fibrosis. Hypoxia is one of the key microenvironmental factors influencing intestinal inflammation and has been linked to fibrosis. Objective In the present study, we sought to elucidate the impact of hypoxia on fibrotic gene expression in the intestinal mucosa. Methods Human volunteers, IBD patients, and dextran sulphate sodium-treated mice were exposed to hypoxia, and colonic biopsies were collected. The human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2, human THP-1 macrophages, and primary human gut fibroblasts were subjected to hypoxia, and changes in fibrotic gene expression were assessed. Results Human volunteers subjected to hypoxia presented reduced transcriptional levels of fibrotic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in the intestinal mucosa. IBD patients showed a trend towards a decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 protein expression. In mice, hypoxic conditions reduced the colonic expression of several collagens and matrix metalloproteinases. Hypoxic Caco-2 cells, THP-1 cells, and primary gut fibroblasts showed a significant downregulation in the expression of fibrotic and tissue remodelling factors. Conclusions Stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors might represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Maane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katherina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Partick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center of Gastroenterology, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Maeyashiki C, Melhem H, Hering L, Baebler K, Cosin-Roger J, Schefer F, Weder B, Hausmann M, Scharl M, Rogler G, de Vallière C, Ruiz PA. Activation of pH-Sensing Receptor OGR1 (GPR68) Induces ER Stress Via the IRE1α/JNK Pathway in an Intestinal Epithelial Cell Model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1438. [PMID: 31996710 PMCID: PMC6989664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor (OGR1) plays an important role in pH homeostasis. Acidosis occurs at sites of intestinal inflammation and can induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), an evolutionary mechanism that enables cells to cope with stressful conditions. ER stress activates autophagy, and both play important roles in gut homeostasis and contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using a human intestinal epithelial cell model, we investigated whether our previously observed protective effects of OGR1 deficiency in experimental colitis are associated with a differential regulation of ER stress, the UPR and autophagy. Caco-2 cells stably overexpressing OGR1 were subjected to an acidic pH shift. pH-dependent OGR1-mediated signalling led to a significant upregulation in the ER stress markers, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and phospho-inositol required 1α (IRE1α), which was reversed by a novel OGR1 inhibitor and a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. Proton-activated OGR1-mediated signalling failed to induce apoptosis, but triggered accumulation of total microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B-light chain 3, suggesting blockage of late stage autophagy. Our results show novel functions for OGR1 in the regulation of ER stress through the IRE1α-JNK signalling pathway, as well as blockage of autophagosomal degradation. OGR1 inhibition might represent a novel therapeutic approach in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Schefer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Tcymbarevich I, Richards SM, Russo G, Kühn-Georgijevic J, Cosin-Roger J, Baebler K, Lang S, Bengs S, Atrott K, Bettoni C, Gruber S, Frey-Wagner I, Scharl M, Misselwitz B, Wagner CA, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Ruiz PA, Spalinger M, de Vallière C. Lack of the pH-sensing Receptor TDAG8 [GPR65] in Macrophages Plays a Detrimental Role in Murine Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:245-258. [PMID: 30535144 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] is associated with local acidification. Genetic variants in the pH-sensing G protein-coupled receptor 65, also known as T cell death-associated gene 8 [TDAG8], have been implicated in IBD and other autoimmune diseases. Since the role of TDAG8 in intestinal inflammation remains unclear, we investigated the function of TDAG8 using murine colitis models. METHODS The effects of TDAG8 deficiency were assessed in dextran sodium sulphate [DSS], IL-10-/-, and T cell transfer colitis murine models. RNA sequencing of acidosis-activated TDAG8-/- and wild-type [WT] peritoneal macrophages [MΦs] was performed. RESULTS mRNA expression of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, and iNOS in TDAG8-/- mice increased significantly in colonic lymphoid patches and in colonic tissue in acute and chronic DSS colitis, respectively. In transfer colitis, there was a trend towards increased IFN-γ, iNOS, and IL-6 expression in mice receiving TDAG8-/- T cells. However, absence of TDAG8 did not lead to changes in clinical scores in the models tested. Increased numbers of infiltrating MΦs and neutrophils, but not CD3+ T cells, were observed in DSS-treated TDAG8-/- mice. No differences in infiltrating CD3+ T cells were observed between mice receiving TDAG8-/- or WT naïve T cells in transfer colitis. RNA sequencing showed that acidosis activation of TDAG8 in MΦs modulated the expression of immune response genes. CONCLUSIONS TDAG8 deficiency triggers colonic MΦ and neutrophil infiltration, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in DSS colitis models. In transfer colitis, mice receiving TDAG8-/- T cells presented a significantly higher spleen weight and a tendency towards increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers of monocyte/MΦ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tcymbarevich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susan Bengs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carla Bettoni
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Gruber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Tcymbarevich IV, Eloranta JJ, Rossel JB, Obialo N, Spalinger M, Cosin-Roger J, Lang S, Kullak-Ublick GA, Wagner CA, Scharl M, Seuwen K, Ruiz PA, Rogler G, de Vallière C, Misselwitz B. The impact of the rs8005161 polymorphism on G protein-coupled receptor GPR65 (TDAG8) pH-associated activation in intestinal inflammation. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:2. [PMID: 30616622 PMCID: PMC6323805 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is associated with a decrease in local pH. The gene encoding G-protein-coupled receptor 65 (GPR65) has recently been reported to be a genetic risk factor for IBD. In response to extracellular acidification, proton activation of GPR65 stimulates cAMP and Rho signalling pathways. We aimed to analyse the clinical and functional relevance of the GPR65 associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8005161. Methods 1138 individuals from a mixed cohort of IBD patients and healthy volunteers were genotyped for SNPs associated with GPR65 (rs8005161, rs3742704) and galactosylceramidase (rs1805078) by Taqman SNP assays. 2300 patients from the Swiss IBD Cohort Study (SIBDC) were genotyped for rs8005161 by mass spectrometry based SNP genotyping. IBD patients from the SIBDC carrying rs8005161 TT, CT, CC and non-IBD controls (CC) were recruited for functional studies. Human CD14+ cells were isolated from blood samples and subjected to an extracellular acidic pH shift, cAMP accumulation and RhoA activation were measured. Results In our mixed cohort, but not in SIBDC patients, the minor variant rs8005161 was significantly associated with UC. In SIBDC patients, we observed a consistent trend in increased disease severity in patients carrying the rs8005161-TT and rs8005161-CT alleles. No significant differences were observed in the pH associated activation of cAMP production between IBD (TT, CT, WT/CC) and non-IBD (WT/CC) genotype carriers upon an acidic extracellular pH shift. However, we observed significantly impaired RhoA activation after an extracellular acidic pH shift in IBD patients, irrespective of the rs8005161 allele. Conclusions The T allele of rs8005161 might confer a more severe disease course in IBD patients. Human monocytes from IBD patients showed impaired pH associated RhoA activation upon an acidic pH shift. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12876-018-0922-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Tcymbarevich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J Eloranta
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Obialo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Present address: Department of Viceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 18, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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12
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Hutter S, van Haaften WT, Hünerwadel A, Baebler K, Herfarth N, Raselli T, Mamie C, Misselwitz B, Rogler G, Weder B, Dijkstra G, Meier CF, de Vallière C, Weber A, Imenez Silva PH, Wagner CA, Frey-Wagner I, Ruiz PA, Hausmann M. Intestinal Activation of pH-Sensing Receptor OGR1 [GPR68] Contributes to Fibrogenesis. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1348-1358. [PMID: 30165600 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS pH-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein coupled receptor-1 [OGR1/GPR68] is regulated by key inflammatory cytokines. Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases [IBDs] express increased mucosal levels of OGR1 compared with non-IBD controls. pH-sensing may be relevant for progression of fibrosis, as extracellular acidification leads to fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix remodelling. We aimed to determine OGR1 expression in fibrotic lesions in the intestine of Crohn's disease [CD] patients, and the effect of Ogr1 deficiency in fibrogenesis. METHODS Human fibrotic and non-fibrotic terminal ileum was obtained from CD patients undergoing ileocaecal resection due to stenosis. Gene expression of fibrosis markers and pH-sensing receptors was analysed. For the initiation of fibrosis in vivo, spontaneous colitis by Il10-/-, dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-induced chronic colitis and the heterotopic intestinal transplantation model were used. RESULTS Increased expression of fibrosis markers was accompanied by an increase in OGR1 [2.71 ± 0.69 vs 1.18 ± 0.03, p = 0.016] in fibrosis-affected human terminal ileum, compared with the non-fibrotic resection margin. Positive correlation between OGR1 expression and pro-fibrotic cytokines [TGFB1 and CTGF] and pro-collagens was observed. The heterotopic animal model for intestinal fibrosis transplanted with terminal ileum from Ogr1-/- mice showed a decrease in mRNA expression of fibrosis markers as well as a decrease in collagen layer thickness and hydroxyproline compared with grafts from wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS OGR1 expression was correlated with increased expression levels of pro-fibrotic genes and collagen deposition. Ogr1 deficiency was associated with a decrease in fibrosis formation. Targeting OGR1 may be a potential new treatment option for IBD-associated fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senta Hutter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wouter T van Haaften
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Hünerwadel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Neel Herfarth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Raselli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Mamie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Florence Meier
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro H Imenez Silva
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Simmen S, Cosin-Roger J, Melhem H, Maliachovas N, Maane M, Baebler K, Weder B, Maeyashiki C, Spanaus K, Scharl M, de Vallière C, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Iron Prevents Hypoxia-Associated Inflammation Through the Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB in the Intestinal Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:339-355. [PMID: 30704983 PMCID: PMC6357696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypoxia-associated pathways influence the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Adaptive responses to hypoxia are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factors, which are regulated by iron-dependent hydroxylases. Signals reflecting oxygen tension and iron levels in enterocytes regulate iron metabolism. Conversely, iron availability modulates responses to hypoxia. In the present study we sought to elucidate how iron influences the responses to hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium. METHODS Human subjects were exposed to hypoxia, and colonic biopsy specimens and serum samples were collected. HT-29, Caco-2, and T84 cells were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia in the presence of iron or the iron chelator deferoxamine. Changes in inflammatory gene expression and signaling were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed using antibodies against nuclear factor (NF)-κB and primers for the promoter of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)1β. RESULTS Human subjects presented reduced levels of ferritin in the intestinal epithelium after hypoxia. Hypoxia reduced iron deprivation-associated TNF and IL1β expression in HT-29 cells through the induction of autophagy. Contrarily, hypoxia triggered TNF and IL1β expression, and NF-κB activation in Caco-2 and T84 cells. Iron blocked autophagy in Caco-2 cells, while reducing hypoxia-associated TNF and IL1β expression through the inhibition of NF-κB binding to the promoter of TNF and IL1β. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia promotes iron mobilization from the intestinal epithelium. Hypoxia-associated autophagy reduces inflammatory processes in HT-29 cells. In Caco-2 cells, iron uptake is essential to counteract hypoxia-induced inflammation. Iron mobilization into enterocytes may be a vital protective mechanism in the hypoxic inflamed mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Maliachovas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Maane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center of Gastroenterology, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R. Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pedro A. Ruiz-Castro, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Wang Y, de Vallière C, Imenez Silva PH, Leonardi I, Gruber S, Gerstgrasser A, Melhem H, Weber A, Leucht K, Wolfram L, Hausmann M, Krieg C, Thomasson K, Boyman O, Frey-Wagner I, Rogler G, Wagner CA. The Proton-activated Receptor GPR4 Modulates Intestinal Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:355-368. [PMID: 29136128 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During active inflammation, intraluminal intestinal pH is decreased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Acidic pH may play a role in IBD pathophysiology. Recently, proton-sensing G-protein coupled receptors were identified, including GPR4, OGR1 [GPR68], and TDAG8 [GPR65]. We investigated whether GPR4 is involved in intestinal inflammation. METHODS The role of GPR4 was assessed in murine colitis models by chronic dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] administration and by cross-breeding into an IL-10 deficient background for development of spontaneous colitis. Colitis severity was assessed by body weight, colonoscopy, colon length, histological score, cytokine mRNA expression, and myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity. In the spontaneous Il-10-/- colitis model, the incidence of rectal prolapse and characteristics of lamina propria leukocytes [LPLs] were analysed. RESULTS Gpr4-/- mice showed reduced body weight loss and histology score after induction of chronic DSS colitis. In Gpr4-/-/Il-10-/- double knock-outs, the onset and progression of rectal prolapse were significantly delayed and mitigated compared with Gpr4+/+/Il-10-/- mice. Double knock-out mice showed lower histology scores, MPO activity, CD4+ T helper cell infiltration, IFN-γ, iNOS, MCP-1 [CCL2], CXCL1, and CXCL2 expression compared with controls. In colon, GPR4 mRNA was detected in endothelial cells, some smooth muscle cells, and some macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Absence of GPR4 ameliorates colitis in IBD animal models, indicating an important regulatory role in mucosal inflammation, thus providing a new link between tissue pH and the immune system. Therapeutic inhibition of GPR4 may be beneficial for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Irina Leonardi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Gruber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Gerstgrasser
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Leucht
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Wolfram
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Laboratory of Applied Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Koray Thomasson
- Laboratory of Applied Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Laboratory of Applied Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Cosin-Roger J, Simmen S, Melhem H, Atrott K, Frey-Wagner I, Hausmann M, de Vallière C, Spalinger MR, Spielmann P, Wenger RH, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation through NLRP3/mTOR downregulation and autophagy activation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:98. [PMID: 28740109 PMCID: PMC5524634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00213-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia regulates autophagy and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain receptor, pyrin domain containing (NLRP)3, two innate immune mechanisms linked by mutual regulation and associated to IBD. Here we show that hypoxia ameliorates inflammation during the development of colitis by modulating autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/NLRP3 pathway. Hypoxia significantly reduces tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and NLRP3 expression, and increases the turnover of the autophagy protein p62 in colon biopsies of Crohn’s disease patients, and in samples from dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and Il-10−/− mice. In vitro, NF-κB signaling and NLRP3 expression are reduced through hypoxia-induced autophagy. We also identify NLRP3 as a novel binding partner of mTOR. Dimethyloxalylglycine-mediated hydroxylase inhibition ameliorates colitis in mice, downregulates NLRP3 and promotes autophagy. We suggest that hypoxia counteracts inflammation through the downregulation of the binding of mTOR and NLRP3 and activation of autophagy. Hypoxia and HIF-1α activation are protective in mouse models of colitis, and the latter regulates autophagy. Here Cosin-Roger et al. show that hypoxia ameliorates intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s patients and murine colitis models by inhibiting mTOR/NLRP3 pathway and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Vavricka S, Ruiz PA, Scharl S, Biedermann L, Scharl M, de Vallière C, Lundby C, Wenger RH, Held L, Merz TM, Gassmann M, Lutz T, Kunz A, Bron D, Fontana A, Strauss L, Weber A, Fried M, Rogler G, Zeitz J. Protocol for a prospective, controlled, observational study to evaluate the influence of hypoxia on healthy volunteers and patients with inflammatory bowel disease: the Altitude IBD Study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013477. [PMID: 28057654 PMCID: PMC5223677 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disorder, often leading to an impaired quality of life in affected patients. The importance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of IBD, including their disease-modifying potential, is increasingly recognised. Hypoxia seems to be an important driver of inflammation, as has been reported by our group and others. The aim of the study is to evaluate if hypoxia can alter disease activity of IBD measured by Harvey-Bradshaw Activity Index in Crohn's disease (increase to ≥5 points) and the partial Mayo Score for ulcerative colitis (increase to ≥2 points). To test the effects of hypoxia under standardised conditions, we designed a prospective and controlled investigation in healthy controls and patients with IBD in stable remission. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective, controlled and observational study. Participants undergo a 3-hour exposure to hypoxic conditions simulating an altitude of 4000 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l.) in a hypobaric pressure chamber. Clinical parameters, as well as blood and stool samples and biopsies from the sigmoid colon are collected at subsequent time points. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kanton Zurich (reference KEK-ZH-number 2013-0284). The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with the worldwide medical community. TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02849821; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Biedermann
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H Wenger
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leonhard Held
- Institute of Biostatistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias M Merz
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima, Peru
| | - Thomas Lutz
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andres Kunz
- Swiss Aeromedical Center, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Denis Bron
- Swiss Aeromedical Center, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Fontana
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Strauss
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Achim Weber
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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de Vallière C, Cosin-Roger J, Simmen S, Atrott K, Melhem H, Zeitz J, Madanchi M, Tcymbarevich I, Fried M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Vavricka SR, Misselwitz B, Seuwen K, Wagner CA, Eloranta JJ, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Hypoxia Positively Regulates the Expression of pH-Sensing G-Protein-Coupled Receptor OGR1 (GPR68). Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:796-810. [PMID: 28174749 PMCID: PMC5247318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A novel family of proton-sensing G-protein-coupled receptors, including ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1) (GPR68) has been identified to play a role in pH homeostasis. Hypoxia is known to change tissue pH as a result of anaerobic glucose metabolism through the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. We investigated how hypoxia regulates the expression of OGR1 in the intestinal mucosa and associated cells. METHODS OGR1 expression in murine tumors, human colonic tissue, and myeloid cells was determined by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The influence of hypoxia on OGR1 expression was studied in monocytes/macrophages and intestinal mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Changes in OGR1 expression in MonoMac6 (MM6) cells under hypoxia were determined upon stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in the presence or absence of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitors. To study the molecular mechanisms involved, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the OGR1 promoter was performed. RESULTS OGR1 expression was significantly higher in tumor tissue compared with normal murine colon tissue. Hypoxia positively regulated the expression of OGR1 in MM6 cells, mouse peritoneal macrophages, primary human intestinal macrophages, and colonic tissue from IBD patients. In MM6 cells, hypoxia-enhanced TNF-induced OGR1 expression was reversed by inhibition of NF-κB. In addition to the effect of TNF and hypoxia, OGR1 expression was increased further at low pH. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that HIF-1α, but not NF-κB, binds to the promoter of OGR1 under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement of TNF- and hypoxia-induced OGR1 expression under low pH points to a positive feed-forward regulation of OGR1 activity in acidic conditions, and supports a role for OGR1 in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Key Words
- AICAR, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside
- CD, Crohn's disease
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- GPR, G-protein–coupled receptor
- GRP65
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HV, healthy volunteer
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cell
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammation
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- MM6, MonoMac 6
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- OGR1, ovarian cancer G-protein–coupled receptor 1 (GPR68)
- Ovarian Cancer G-Protein–Coupled Receptor
- RT-qPCR, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- SPARC, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine
- TDAG8
- TDAG8, T-cell death-associated gene 8 (GPR65)
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th, T-helper
- UC, ulcerative colitis
- WT, wild type
- mRNA, messenger RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Networking Center in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Simona Simmen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Madanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Tcymbarevich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J Eloranta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A Ruiz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Kiessling MK, Schuierer S, Stertz S, Beibel M, Bergling S, Knehr J, Carbone W, de Vallière C, Tchinda J, Bouwmeester T, Seuwen K, Rogler G, Roma G. Identification of oncogenic driver mutations by genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 dropout screening. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:723. [PMID: 27613601 PMCID: PMC5016932 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 dropout screens can identify genes whose knockout affects cell viability. Recent CRISPR screens detected thousands of essential genes required for cellular survival and key cellular processes; however discovering novel lineage-specific genetic dependencies from the many hits still remains a challenge. RESULTS To assess whether CRISPR-Cas9 dropout screens can help identify cancer dependencies, we screened two human cancer cell lines carrying known and distinct oncogenic mutations using a genome-wide sgRNA library. We found that the gRNA targeting the driver mutation EGFR was one of the highest-ranking candidates in the EGFR-mutant HCC-827 lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Likewise, sgRNAs for NRAS and MAP2K1 (MEK1), a downstream kinase of mutant NRAS, were identified among the top hits in the NRAS-mutant neuroblastoma cell line CHP-212. Depletion of these genes targeted by the sgRNAs strongly correlated with the sensitivity to specific kinase inhibitors of the EGFR or RAS pathway in cell viability assays. In addition, we describe other dependencies such as TBK1 in HCC-827 cells and TRIB2 in CHP-212 cells which merit further investigation. CONCLUSIONS We show that genome-wide CRISPR dropout screens are suitable for the identification of oncogenic drivers and other essential genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K. Kiessling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Bergling
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Tchinda
- Department of Oncology, Children University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tewis Bouwmeester
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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de Vallière C, Vidal S, Clay I, Jurisic G, Tcymbarevich I, Lang S, Ludwig MG, Okoniewski M, Eloranta JJ, Kullak-Ublick GA, Wagner CA, Rogler G, Seuwen K. The pH-sensing receptor OGR1 improves barrier function of epithelial cells and inhibits migration in an acidic environment. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26206859 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00408.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The pH-sensing receptor ovarian cancer G protein-coupled receptor 1 (OGR1; GPR68) is expressed in the gut. Inflammatory bowel disease is typically associated with a decrease in local pH, which may lead to altered epithelial barrier function and subsequent gastrointestinal repair involving epithelial cell adhesion and migration. As the mechanisms underlying the response to pH changes are not well understood, we have investigated OGR1-mediated, pH-dependent signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 cells stably overexpressing OGR1 were created and validated as tools to study OGR1 signaling. Barrier function, migration, and proliferation were measured using electric cell-substrate impedance-sensing technology. Localization of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens protein 1 and occludin and the rearrangement of cytoskeletal actin were examined by confocal microscopy. Paracellular permeability and protein and gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays were performed on filter-grown Caco-2 monolayers. We report that an acidic pH shift from pH 7.8 to 6.6 improved barrier function and stimulated reorganization of filamentous actin with prominent basal stress fiber formation. Cell migration and proliferation during in vitro wound healing were inhibited. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes related to cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion, and growth factor signaling. We conclude that acidic extracellular pH can have a signaling function and impact the physiology of intestinal epithelial cells. The deconstruction of OGR1-dependent signaling may aid our understanding of mucosal inflammation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Solange Vidal
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ieuan Clay
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Jurisic
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irina Tcymbarevich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Lang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michal Okoniewski
- Functional Genomics Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J Eloranta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland;
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20
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de Vallière C, Wang Y, Eloranta JJ, Vidal S, Clay I, Spalinger MR, Tcymbarevich I, Terhalle A, Ludwig MG, Suply T, Fried M, Kullak-Ublick GA, Frey-Wagner I, Scharl M, Seuwen K, Wagner CA, Rogler G. G Protein-coupled pH-sensing Receptor OGR1 Is a Regulator of Intestinal Inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1269-81. [PMID: 25856770 PMCID: PMC4450952 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel family of proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors, including OGR1, GPR4, and TDAG8, was identified to be important for physiological pH homeostasis and inflammation. Thus, we determined the function of proton-sensing OGR1 in the intestinal mucosa. MTEHODS OGR1 expression in colonic tissues was investigated in controls and patients with IBD. Expression of OGR1 upon cell activation was studied in the Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cell line and primary human and murine monocytes by real-time PCR. Ogr1 knockout mice were crossbred with Il-10 deficient mice and studied for more than 200 days. Microarray profiling was performed using Ogr1 and Ogr1 (WT) residential peritoneal macrophages. RESULTS Patients with IBD expressed higher levels of OGR1 in the mucosa than non-IBD controls. Treatment of MM6 cells with TNF, led to significant upregulation of OGR1 expression, which could be reversed by the presence of NF-κB inhibitors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly delayed onset and progression of rectal prolapse in female Ogr1/Il-10 mice. These mice displayed significantly less rectal prolapses. Upregulation of gene expression, mediated by OGR1, in response to extracellular acidification in mouse macrophages was enriched for inflammation and immune response, actin cytoskeleton, and cell-adhesion gene pathways. CONCLUSIONS OGR1 expression is induced in cells of human macrophage lineage and primary human monocytes by TNF. NF-κB inhibition reverses the induction of OGR1 expression by TNF. OGR1 deficiency protects from spontaneous inflammation in the Il-10 knockout model. Our data indicate a pathophysiological role for pH-sensing receptor OGR1 during the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl de Vallière
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jyrki J. Eloranta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Solange Vidal
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ieuan Clay
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne R. Spalinger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Tcymbarevich
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Terhalle
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Suply
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fried
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gerd A. Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; and
| | - Isabelle Frey-Wagner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Bentz S, Pesch T, Wolfram L, de Vallière C, Leucht K, Fried M, Coy JF, Hausmann M, Rogler G. Lack of transketolase-like (TKTL) 1 aggravates murine experimental colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G598-607. [PMID: 21233279 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00323.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Transketolase-like (TKTL) 1 indirectly replenishes NADPH preventing damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed upon intestinal inflammation. We investigated the function of TKTL1 during murine colitis and ROS detoxification for prevention of tissue damage. Mucosal damage in TKTL1(-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice was assessed by miniendoscopy and histology during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis. mRNA levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), transketolase (TKT), and TKTL2 were determined by PCR and/or Western blotting. To assess oxidative and nitrosative stress nitrosylation, carbonylation and antioxidative enzymes catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase 1 and 2, as well as glutathione (GSH) were determined. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was determined for assessment of tissue neutrophils. TKTL1 knockout or DSS treatment did not influence TKT and TKTL2 mRNA or protein expression. Mucosal damage was significantly increased in TKTL1(-/-) mice indicated by miniendoscopy as well as a significantly shorter colon and more severe histological scores compared with WT mice during DSS colitis. This was associated with higher mRNA levels of IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF. In addition, iNOS protein expression was significantly enhanced in TKTL1(-/-) mice as well as MPO activity. Protein modification by nitric oxide (nitrotyrosine) was induced in TKTL1(-/-) mice. However, introduction of carbonyl groups by ROS was not induced in these mice. The expression of SOD1, SOD2, Cat, as well as GSH content was not significantly changed in TKTL1(-/-) mice. We conclude that induced colitis in TKTL1(-/-) mice was more severe compared with WT. This indicates a role of TKTL1 during mucosal repair and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bentz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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