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Nicol C. The Gordon Memorial Lecture: Laying Hen Welfare. Br Poult Sci 2023. [PMID: 37162178 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2211891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Preference tests remain a useful tool in the assessment of laying hen welfare and have been used to establish what types of resources and enrichments are most likely to meet the birds' needs. Evidence on the underlying structure of bird preference suggests that hens make stable and reliable choices across time and context. This means that their preferences can also be used as a benchmark in the validation of other welfare indicators. Hens have sophisticated cognitive abilities. They are quick to form associations between events and they are flexible in how they apply their knowledge in different contexts. However, they may not form expectations about the world in the same way as some mammalian species. Limited research in this area to date seems to show that hens judge situations in absolute terms rather than evaluating how a situation may be improving or deteriorating. The proportion of hens housed in cage-free systems is increasing globally, providing birds with greater behavioural freedom. Many of the problems associated with cage-free systems, such as keel bone fractures, mortality and injurious pecking, are slowly reducing due to improved experience and appropriate changes in rearing practices, diet, housing design and alignment of breeding goals. However, much remains to be done. The design and performance of veranda-based systems which provide hens with fresh air and natural light is a promising avenue for future research aimed at optimising hen welfare and improving sustainability.
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Rae F, Nicol C, Simmonds MP. Expert assessment of the impact of ship-strikes on cetacean welfare using the Welfare Assessment Tool for Wild Cetaceans. Anim Welf 2023; 32:e18. [PMID: 38487413 PMCID: PMC10936308 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2023.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human activities are increasingly impacting our oceans and the focus tends to be on their environmental impacts, rather than consequences for animal welfare. Global shipping density has quadrupled since 1992. Unsurprisingly, increased levels of vessel collisions with cetaceans have followed this global expansion of shipping. This paper is the first to attempt to consider the severity of ship-strike on individual whale welfare. The methodology of the 'Welfare Assessment Tool for Wild Cetaceans' (WATWC) was used, which is itself based upon the Five Domains model. Expert opinion was sought on six hypothetical but realistic case studies involving humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) struck by ships. Twenty-nine experts in the cetacean and welfare sector took part. They were split into two groups; Group 1 first assessed a case we judged to be the least severe and Group 2 first assessed the most severe. Both groups then additionally assessed the same four further cases. This was to investigate whether the severity of the first case influenced judgements regarding subsequent cases (i.e. expert judgements were relative) or not (i.e. judgements were absolute). No significant difference between the two groups of assessors was found; therefore, the hypothesis of relative scoring was rejected. Experts judged whales may suffer some level (>1) of overall (Domain 5) harm for the rest of their lives following a ship-strike incident. Health, closely followed by Behaviour were found to be the welfare aspects most affected by ship-strikes. Overall, the WATWC shows a robust potential to aid decision-making on wild cetacean welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rae
- Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Dolberry, BristolBS40 5DU, UK
| | - Christine Nicol
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, HatfieldAL7 9TA, Herts, UK
| | - Mark P Simmonds
- Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Dolberry, BristolBS40 5DU, UK
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Christensen JW, Ahrendt LP, Malmkvist J, Nicol C. Exploratory behaviour towards novel objects is associated with enhanced learning in young horses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1428. [PMID: 33446827 PMCID: PMC7809405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying individual variation in learning are key to understanding the development of cognitive abilities. In humans and primates, curiosity has been suggested as an important intrinsic factor that enhances learning, whereas in domesticated species research has primarily identified factors with a negative effect on cognitive abilities, such as stress and fearfulness. This study presents the first evidence of a link between object-directed curiosity and learning performance in young horses in two very different learning tasks (visual discrimination and pressure-release). We exposed young horses (n = 44) to standardised novel object tests at 5 months and 1 year of age and found consistency in responses. Standard indicators of fearfulness (e.g. heart rate and alertness) were unrelated to learning performance, whereas exploratory behaviour towards the novel objects correlated to performance in both learning tasks. Exploratory behaviour was unreinforced in the novel object tests and likely reflects the animal’s intrinsic motivation (i.e. curiosity), suggesting that this trait is favourable for learning performance. In addition to the insights that these results provide into cognition in a domesticated species, they also raise questions in relation to fostering of curiosity in animals and the impact that such manipulation may have on cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jens Malmkvist
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Christine Nicol
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Ln, Brookmans Park, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
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Nicol C, Bejder L, Green L, Johnson C, Keeling L, Noren D, Van der Hoop J, Simmonds M. Anthropogenic Threats to Wild Cetacean Welfare and a Tool to Inform Policy in This Area. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:57. [PMID: 32185183 PMCID: PMC7058697 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities and anthropogenic environmental changes are having a profound effect on biodiversity and the sustainability and health of many populations and species of wild mammals. There has been less attention devoted to the impact of human activities on the welfare of individual wild mammals, although ethical reasoning suggests that the welfare of an individual is important regardless of species abundance or population health. There is growing interest in developing methodologies and frameworks that could be used to obtain an overview of anthropogenic threats to animal welfare. This paper shows the steps taken to develop a functional welfare assessment tool for wild cetaceans (WATWC) via an iterative process involving input from a wide range of experts and stakeholders. Animal welfare is a multidimensional concept, and the WATWC presented made use of the Five Domains model of animal welfare to ensure that all areas of potential welfare impact were considered. A pilot version of the tool was tested and then refined to improve functionality. We demonstrated that the refined version of the WATWC was useful to assess real-world impacts of human activity on Southern Resident killer whales. There was close within-scenario agreement between assessors as well as between-scenario differentiation of overall welfare impact. The current article discusses the challenges raised by assessing welfare in scenarios where objective data on cetacean behavioral and physiological responses are sparse and proposes that the WATWC approach has value in identifying important information gaps and in contributing to policy decisions relating to human impacts on whales, dolphins, and porpoises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Bejder
- Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, United States.,Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Green
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Johnson
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Sciences, Tāwharau Ora, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Linda Keeling
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dawn Noren
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Mark Simmonds
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, United Kingdom.,HSI-UK, London, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Nicol
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Bristol University, Langford, Bristol BS18 7DU, UK
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Pinto A, Adams S, Ahring K, Allen H, Almeida MF, Garcia-Arenas D, Arslan N, Assoun M, Atik Altınok Y, Barrio-Carreras D, Belanger Quintana A, Bernabei SM, Bontemps C, Boyle F, Bruni G, Bueno-Delgado M, Caine G, Carvalho R, Chrobot A, Chyż K, Cochrane B, Correia C, Corthouts K, Daly A, De Leo S, Desloovere A, De Meyer A, De Theux A, Didycz B, Dijsselhof ME, Dokoupil K, Drabik J, Dunlop C, Eberle-Pelloth W, Eftring K, Ekengren J, Errekalde I, Evans S, Foucart A, Fokkema L, François L, French M, Forssell E, Gingell C, Gonçalves C, Gökmen Özel H, Grimsley A, Gugelmo G, Gyüre E, Heller C, Hensler R, Jardim I, Joost C, Jörg-Streller M, Jouault C, Jung A, Kanthe M, Koç N, Kok IL, Kozanoğlu T, Kumru B, Lang F, Lang K, Liegeois I, Liguori A, Lilje R, Ļubina O, Manta-Vogli P, Mayr D, Meneses C, Newby C, Meyer U, Mexia S, Nicol C, Och U, Olivas SM, Pedrón-Giner C, Pereira R, Plutowska-Hoffmann K, Purves J, Re Dionigi A, Reinson K, Robert M, Robertson L, Rocha JC, Rohde C, Rosenbaum-Fabian S, Rossi A, Ruiz M, Saligova J, Gutiérrez-Sánchez A, Schlune A, Schulpis K, Serrano-Nieto J, Skarpalezou A, Skeath R, Slabbert A, Straczek K, Giżewska M, Terry A, Thom R, Tooke A, Tuokkola J, van Dam E, van den Hurk TAM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vande Kerckhove K, Van Driessche M, van Wegberg AMJ, van Wyk K, Vasconcelos C, Velez García V, Wildgoose J, Winkler T, Żółkowska J, Zuvadelli J, MacDonald A. Weaning practices in phenylketonuria vary between health professionals in Europe. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 18:39-44. [PMID: 30705824 PMCID: PMC6349955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In phenylketonuria (PKU), weaning is considered more challenging when compared to feeding healthy infants. The primary aim of weaning is to gradually replace natural protein from breast milk or standard infant formula with solids containing equivalent phenylalanine (Phe). In addition, a Phe-free second stage L-amino acid supplement is usually recommended from around 6 months to replace Phe-free infant formula. Our aim was to assess different weaning approaches used by health professionals across Europe. Methods A cross sectional questionnaire (survey monkey®) composed of 31 multiple and single choice questions was sent to European colleagues caring for inherited metabolic disorders (IMD). Centres were grouped into geographical regions for analysis. Results Weaning started at 17–26 weeks in 85% (n = 81/95) of centres, >26 weeks in 12% (n = 11/95) and < 17 weeks in 3% (n = 3/95). Infant's showing an interest in solid foods, and their age, were important determinant factors influencing weaning commencement. 51% (n = 48/95) of centres introduced Phe containing foods at 17–26 weeks and 48% (n = 46/95) at >26 weeks. First solids were mainly low Phe vegetables (59%, n = 56/95) and fruit (34%, n = 32/95). A Phe exchange system to allocate dietary Phe was used by 52% (n = 49/95) of centres predominantly from Northern and Southern Europe and 48% (n = 46/95) calculated most Phe containing food sources (all centres in Eastern Europe and the majority from Germany and Austria). Some centres used a combination of both methods. A second stage Phe-free L-amino acid supplement containing a higher protein equivalent was introduced by 41% (n = 39/95) of centres at infant age 26–36 weeks (mainly from Germany, Austria, Northern and Eastern Europe) and 37% (n = 35/95) at infant age > 1y mainly from Southern Europe. 53% (n = 50/95) of centres recommended a second stage Phe-free L-amino acid supplement in a spoonable or semi-solid form. Conclusions Weaning strategies vary throughout European PKU centres. There is evidence to suggest that different infant weaning strategies may influence longer term adherence to the PKU diet or acceptance of Phe-free L-amino acid supplements; rendering prospective long-term studies important. It is essential to identify an effective weaning strategy that reduces caregiver burden but is associated with acceptable dietary adherence and optimal infant feeding development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinto
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Adams
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - K Ahring
- Department of PKU, Kennedy Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - H Allen
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M F Almeida
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto-UMIB/ICBAS/UP, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHP, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Garcia-Arenas
- Congenital and Metabolic Disease Unit, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Arslan
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmır, Turkey
| | - M Assoun
- Hôpital Necker enfants Malades, Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, Paris, France
| | - Y Atik Altınok
- Pediatric Metabolism Department, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - D Barrio-Carreras
- Servicio de Pediatria, Unidad de Enfermedades Mitocondriales-Metabolicas Hereditarias, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Belanger Quintana
- Servicio de Pediatria, Hospital Ramon y Cajal Madrid, Unidad de Enfermedades Metabolicas, Spain
| | - S M Bernabei
- Division of Artificial Nutrition, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - F Boyle
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Italy
| | - G Bruni
- Meyer Children's hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - R Carvalho
- Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - A Chrobot
- Children Voievodship Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - K Chyż
- Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Cochrane
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Correia
- CHLC- Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - A Daly
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S De Leo
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome - Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Italy
| | | | - A De Meyer
- Center of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A De Theux
- IPG (Institut de Pathologie et de Genetique), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - B Didycz
- University Children's Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - K Dokoupil
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital of the University of Munich, Germany
| | - J Drabik
- University Clinical Center in Gdansk, Poland
| | - C Dunlop
- Royal Hospital for Children Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - K Eftring
- Queen Silivia's Children's Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Ekengren
- Queen Silivia's Children's Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Errekalde
- Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - S Evans
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Foucart
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Belgium
| | - L Fokkema
- UMC Utrecht Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Netherlands
| | - L François
- centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | - M French
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - E Forssell
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - H Gökmen Özel
- İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Hacettepe University, Turkey
| | - A Grimsley
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - G Gugelmo
- Department of Pediatrics, Inherited Metabolic Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - E Gyüre
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Hungary
| | - C Heller
- Kinder- und Jugendklinik Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Hensler
- Klinikum Stuttgart Olgahospital, Germany
| | - I Jardim
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte - H. Sta Maria - Unidade de Doenças Metabólicas, Portugal
| | - C Joost
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - M Jörg-Streller
- Universitätsklinik Innsbruck department für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Austria
| | | | - A Jung
- Charite, Virchow Klinikum Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kanthe
- Skane University Hospital, Sweden
| | - N Koç
- Child's Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - I L Kok
- UMC Utrecht Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Netherlands
| | - T Kozanoğlu
- İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - B Kumru
- Cengiz Gökçek Maternity and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - F Lang
- University Hospital Mainz, Villa metabolica, Germany
| | - K Lang
- Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - A Liguori
- Division of Artificial Nutrition, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - R Lilje
- Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - O Ļubina
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - D Mayr
- Universitätsklinik für Jugend und Kinderheilkunde, Müllner Hauptstr, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Meneses
- Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, EPER, Portugal
| | - C Newby
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, UK
| | - U Meyer
- Clinic for Paediatric Kidney-, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - S Mexia
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte - H. Sta Maria - Unidade de Doenças Metabólicas, Portugal
| | - C Nicol
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - U Och
- Metabolic Department, University Hospital Muenster, Center for Pediatrics, Germany
| | - S M Olivas
- Congenital and Metabolic Disease Unit, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Pedrón-Giner
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - K Plutowska-Hoffmann
- The Independent Public Clinical Hospital, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice John Paul II Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Poland
| | - J Purves
- Royal Hospital for Children Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Re Dionigi
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - K Reinson
- Tartu University Hospital, United Laboratories, Department of Genetics, Italy
| | - M Robert
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants, Reine Fabiola, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - J C Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHP, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Portugal
| | - C Rohde
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospitals, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Rosenbaum-Fabian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Rossi
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - M Ruiz
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Saligova
- Children's Faculty Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - A Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Congenital and Metabolic Disease Unit, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Schlune
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Schulpis
- Agia Sophia Childrens' Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - A Skarpalezou
- Institute of Child Health, "A. Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens
| | - R Skeath
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Slabbert
- Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Straczek
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age Pomeranian Medica University, Poland
| | - M Giżewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age Pomeranian Medica University, Poland
| | - A Terry
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Thom
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A Tooke
- Nottingham Children's Hospital, UK
| | - J Tuokkola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pediatric Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E van Dam
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Dietetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - A M J van Wegberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Dietetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - K van Wyk
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - V Velez García
- Unit of Nutrition and Metabolopathies, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - T Winkler
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum gGmbH Cottbus, Germany
| | - J Żółkowska
- Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Zuvadelli
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A MacDonald
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Pinto A, Adams S, Ahring K, Allen H, Almeida MF, Garcia-Arenas D, Arslan N, Assoun M, Atik Altınok Y, Barrio-Carreras D, Belanger Quintana A, Bernabei SM, Bontemps C, Boyle F, Bruni G, Bueno-Delgado M, Caine G, Carvalho R, Chrobot A, Chyż K, Cochrane B, Correia C, Corthouts K, Daly A, De Leo S, Desloovere A, De Meyer A, De Theux A, Didycz B, Dijsselhof ME, Dokoupil K, Drabik J, Dunlop C, Eberle-Pelloth W, Eftring K, Ekengren J, Errekalde I, Evans S, Foucart A, Fokkema L, François L, French M, Forssell E, Gingell C, Gonçalves C, Gökmen Özel H, Grimsley A, Gugelmo G, Gyüre E, Heller C, Hensler R, Jardim I, Joost C, Jörg-Streller M, Jouault C, Jung A, Kanthe M, Koç N, Kok IL, Kozanoğlu T, Kumru B, Lang F, Lang K, Liegeois I, Liguori A, Lilje R, Ļubina O, Manta-Vogli P, Mayr D, Meneses C, Newby C, Meyer U, Mexia S, Nicol C, Och U, Olivas SM, Pedrón-Giner C, Pereira R, Plutowska-Hoffmann K, Purves J, Re Dionigi A, Reinson K, Robert M, Robertson L, Rocha JC, Rohde C, Rosenbaum-Fabian S, Rossi A, Ruiz M, Saligova J, Gutiérrez-Sánchez A, Schlune A, Schulpis K, Serrano-Nieto J, Skarpalezou A, Skeath R, Slabbert A, Straczek K, Giżewska M, Terry A, Thom R, Tooke A, Tuokkola J, van Dam E, van den Hurk TAM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vande Kerckhove K, Van Driessche M, van Wegberg AMJ, van Wyk K, Vasconcelos C, Velez García V, Wildgoose J, Winkler T, Żółkowska J, Zuvadelli J, MacDonald A. Early feeding practices in infants with phenylketonuria across Europe. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 16:82-89. [PMID: 30101073 PMCID: PMC6082991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In infants with phenylketonuria (PKU), dietary management is based on lowering and titrating phenylalanine (Phe) intake from breast milk or standard infant formula in combination with a Phe-free infant formula in order to maintain blood Phe levels within target range. Professionals use different methods to feed infants with PKU and our survey aimed to document practices across Europe. Methods We sent a cross sectional, survey monkey® questionnaire to European health professionals working in IMD. It contained 31 open and multiple-choice questions. The results were analysed according to different geographical regions. Results Ninety-five centres from 21 countries responded. Over 60% of centres commenced diet in infants by age 10 days, with 58% of centres implementing newborn screening by day 3 post birth. At diagnosis, infant hospital admission occurred in 61% of metabolic centres, mainly in Eastern, Western and Southern Europe. Breastfeeding fell sharply following diagnosis with only 30% of women still breast feeding at 6 months. 53% of centres gave pre-measured Phe-free infant formula before each breast feed and 23% alternated breast feeds with Phe-free infant formula. With standard infant formula feeds, measured amounts were followed by Phe-free infant formula to satiety in 37% of centres (n = 35/95), whereas 44% (n = 42/95) advised mixing both formulas together. Weaning commenced between 17 and 26 weeks in 85% centres, ≥26 weeks in 12% and < 17 weeks in 3%. Discussion This is the largest European survey completed on PKU infant feeding practices. It is evident that practices varied widely across Europe, and the practicalities of infant feeding in PKU received little focus in the PKU European Guidelines (2017). There are few reports comparing different feeding techniques with blood Phe control, Phe fluctuations and growth. Controlled prospective studies are necessary to assess how different infant feeding practices may influence longer term feeding development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinto
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Adams
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - K Ahring
- Department of PKU, Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - H Allen
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M F Almeida
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto-UMIB/ICBAS/UP, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar do Porto - CHP, Porto, Portugal
| | - D Garcia-Arenas
- Congenital and Metabolic Disease Unit, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Arslan
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Nutrition, Izmır, Turkey
| | - M Assoun
- Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, Hôpital Necker enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Y Atik Altınok
- Pediatric Metabolism Department, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - D Barrio-Carreras
- Unidad de Enfermedades Mitocondriales-Metabolicas Hereditarias. Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Belanger Quintana
- Unidad de Enfermedades Metabolicas, Servicio de Pediatria, Hospital Ramon y Cajal Madrid, Spain
| | - S M Bernabei
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Division of Artificial Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | | | - F Boyle
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Ireland
| | - G Bruni
- Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - R Carvalho
- Hospital Divino Espírito Santo, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - A Chrobot
- Children Voievodship Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - K Chyż
- Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Cochrane
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Correia
- CHLC- Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - A Daly
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - S De Leo
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome - Policlinico Umberto I of Rome, Italy
| | | | - A De Meyer
- Center of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A De Theux
- IPG (Institut de Pathologie et de Genetique), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - B Didycz
- University Children's Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - K Dokoupil
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital of the University of Munich, Germany
| | - J Drabik
- University Clinical Center in Gdansk, Poland
| | - C Dunlop
- Royal Hospital for Children Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - K Eftring
- Queen Silivia's Children's Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Ekengren
- Queen Silivia's Children's Hospital Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Errekalde
- Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - S Evans
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Foucart
- Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Belgium
| | - L Fokkema
- UMC Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Netherlands
| | - L François
- Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Centre de référence des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, Paris, France
| | - M French
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - E Forssell
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - H Gökmen Özel
- Hacettepe University, İhsan Doğramacı Children's Hospital, Turkey
| | - A Grimsley
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - G Gugelmo
- Department of Pediatrics, Inherited Metabolic Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - E Gyüre
- Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Centre, Hungary
| | - C Heller
- Kinder- und Jugendklinik Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Hensler
- Klinikum Stuttgart Olgahospital, Germany
| | - I Jardim
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte - H. Sta Maria - Unidade de Doenças Metabólicas, Portugal
| | - C Joost
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany
| | - M Jörg-Streller
- Universitätsklinik Innsbruck department für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Austria
| | | | - A Jung
- Charite, Virchow Klinikum Berlin, Germany
| | - M Kanthe
- Skane University Hospital, Sweden
| | - N Koç
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara Child's Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - I L Kok
- UMC Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Netherlands
| | - T Kozanoğlu
- İstanbul University İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - B Kumru
- Gaziantep Cengiz Gökçek Maternity and Children's Hospital, Turkey
| | - F Lang
- University Hospital Mainz, Villa metabolica, Germany
| | - K Lang
- Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | | | - A Liguori
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Division of Artificial Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - R Lilje
- Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - O Ļubina
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - P Manta-Vogli
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Department, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - D Mayr
- Universitätsklinik für Jugend und Kinderheilkunde, Müllner Hauptstr, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Meneses
- Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, EPER, Portugal
| | - C Newby
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, UK
| | - U Meyer
- Medical School Hannover, Clinic for Paediatric Kidney- Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Germany
| | - S Mexia
- Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte - H. Sta Maria - Unidade de Doenças Metabólicas, Portugal
| | - C Nicol
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - U Och
- University Hospital Muenster, Center for Pediatrics, Metabolic Department, Germany
| | - S M Olivas
- Congenital and Metabolic Disease Unit, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Pedrón-Giner
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - K Plutowska-Hoffmann
- The Independent Public Clinical Hospital, No. 6 of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice John Paul II Upper Silesian Child Health Centre, Poland
| | - J Purves
- Royal Hospital for Children Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Re Dionigi
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - M Robert
- Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants, Reine Fabiola, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - J C Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar do Porto - CHP, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal.,Centre for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Portugal
| | - C Rohde
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Women and Child Health, University Hospitals, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Rosenbaum-Fabian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Rossi
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Centre Expanded Newborn Screening, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, University Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - M Ruiz
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | - J Saligova
- Children's Faculty Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - A Gutiérrez-Sánchez
- Congenital and Metabolic Disease Unit, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Schlune
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - K Schulpis
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Department, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | | | - A Skarpalezou
- Institute of Child Health, "A. Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - R Skeath
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Slabbert
- Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Straczek
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age Pomeranian Medica University, Poland
| | - M Giżewska
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age Pomeranian Medica University, Poland
| | - A Terry
- Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Thom
- Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A Tooke
- Nottingham Children's Hospital, UK
| | - J Tuokkola
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pediatric Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E van Dam
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Dietetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - A M J van Wegberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology - Dietetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - K van Wyk
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - V Velez García
- Unit of Nutrition and Metabolopathies, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - T Winkler
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Carl-Thiem-Klinikum gGmbH Cottbus, Germany
| | - J Żółkowska
- Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Zuvadelli
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Italy
| | - A MacDonald
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Touillet, Jarrassé N, Martinet N, Nicol C, Paysant J, De Graaf J. The importance of somatosensory feedback for phantom limb mobility revealed by differences in phantom movement kinematics between above- and below-elbow amputees. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McGreevy P, Berger J, de Brauwere N, Doherty O, Harrison A, Fiedler J, Jones C, McDonnell S, McLean A, Nakonechny L, Nicol C, Preshaw L, Thomson P, Tzioumis V, Webster J, Wolfensohn S, Yeates J, Jones B. Using the Five Domains Model to Assess the Adverse Impacts of Husbandry, Veterinary, and Equitation Interventions on Horse Welfare. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8030041. [PMID: 29562654 PMCID: PMC5867529 DOI: 10.3390/ani8030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Using an adaptation of the domain-based welfare assessment model, a panel of horse welfare professionals (with professional expertise in psychology, equitation science, veterinary science, education, welfare, equestrian coaching, advocacy, and community engagement) assessed the perceived harms, if any, resulting from 116 interventions that are commonly applied to horses. Scores for Domain 5 (the integrated mental impact) gathered after extensive discussion during a four-day workshop aligned well with overall impact scores assigned by the same panellists individually before the workshop, although some rankings changed after workshop participation. Domain 4 (Behaviour) had the strongest association with Domain 5, whilst Domain 1 (Nutrition) had the weakest association with Domain 5, implying that the panellists considered commonly applied nutritional interventions to have less of a bearing on subjective mental state than commonly applied behavioural restrictions. The workshop defined each intervention, and stated assumptions around each, resulting in a set of exemplar procedures that could be used in future equine welfare assessments. Abstract The aim of this study was to conduct a series of paper-based exercises in order to assess the negative (adverse) welfare impacts, if any, of common interventions on domestic horses across a broad range of different contexts of equine care and training. An international panel (with professional expertise in psychology, equitation science, veterinary science, education, welfare, equestrian coaching, advocacy, and community engagement; n = 16) met over a four-day period to define and assess these interventions, using an adaptation of the domain-based assessment model. The interventions were considered within 14 contexts: C1 Weaning; C2 Diet; C3 Housing; C4 Foundation training; C5 Ill-health and veterinary interventions (chiefly medical); C6 Ill-health and veterinary interventions (chiefly surgical); C7 Elective procedures; C8 Care procedures; C9 Restraint for management procedures; C10 Road transport; C11 Activity—competition; C12 Activity—work; C13 Activity—breeding females; and C14 Activity—breeding males. Scores on a 1–10 scale for Domain 5 (the mental domain) gathered during the workshop were compared with overall impact scores on a 1–10 scale assigned by the same panellists individually before the workshop. The most severe (median and interquartile range, IQR) impacts within each context were identified during the workshop as: C1 abrupt, individual weaning (10 IQR 1); C2 feeding 100% low-energy concentrate (8 IQR 2.5); C3 indoor tie stalls with no social contact (9 IQR 1.5); C4 both (i) dropping horse with ropes (9 IQR 0.5) and forced flexion (9 IQR 0.5); C5 long-term curative medical treatments (8 IQR 3); C6 major deep intracavity surgery (8.5 IQR 1); C7 castration without veterinary supervision (10 IQR 1); C8 both (i) tongue ties (8 IQR 2.5) and (ii) restrictive nosebands (8 IQR 2.5); C9 ear twitch (8 IQR 1); C10 both (i) individual transport (7.00 IQR 1.5) and group transport with unfamiliar companions (7 IQR 1.5); C11 both (i) jumps racing (8 IQR 2.5) and Western performance (8 IQR 1.5); C12 carriage and haulage work (6 IQR 1.5); C13 wet nurse during transition between foals (7.5 IQR 3.75); and C14 teaser horse (7 IQR 8). Associations between pre-workshop and workshop scores were high, but some rankings changed after workshop participation, particularly relating to breeding practices. Domain 1 had the weakest association with Domain 5. The current article discusses the use of the domain-based model in equine welfare assessment, and offers a series of assumptions within each context that future users of the same approach may make when assessing animal welfare under the categories reported here. It also discusses some limitations in the framework that was used to apply the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul McGreevy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Jeannine Berger
- San Francisco SPCA, 201 Alabama Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA.
| | | | - Orla Doherty
- Life Sciences Department, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | | | - Julie Fiedler
- Horse SA: 105 King William St, Kent Town 5067, Australia.
| | | | - Sue McDonnell
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, 382 W Street Rd, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
| | - Andrew McLean
- Equitation Science International, 3 Wonderland Ave, Tuerong 3915, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lindsay Nakonechny
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Christine Nicol
- Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College St, Kings Cross, London NW1 OTU, UK.
| | - Liane Preshaw
- The Horse Trust, Slad Lane, Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire HP27 OPP, UK.
| | - Peter Thomson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - Vicky Tzioumis
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
| | - John Webster
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford BS40 5DU, UK.
| | - Sarah Wolfensohn
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - James Yeates
- RSPCA, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, Horsham, Sussex, RH13 9RS, UK.
| | - Bidda Jones
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
- RSPCA Australia, P.O. Box 265, Deakin West, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia.
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Wang A, Ramjeesingh R, Chen CH, Hurlbut D, Hammad N, Mulligan LM, Nicol C, Feilotter HE, Davey S. Reduction in membranous immunohistochemical staining for the intracellular domain of epithelial cell adhesion molecule correlates with poor patient outcome in primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:e171-8. [PMID: 27330354 DOI: 10.3747/co.23.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (epcam) is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on both normal epithelium and epithelial neoplasms such as gastric, breast, and renal carcinomas. Recent studies have proposed that the proteolytic cleavage of the intracellular domain of epcam (epcam-icd) can trigger signalling cascades leading to aggressive tumour behavior. The expression profile of epcam-icd has not been elucidated for primary colorectal carcinoma. In the present study, we examined epcam-icd immunohistochemical staining in a large cohort of patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma and assessed its performance as a potential prognostic marker. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for epcam-icd was assessed on tissue microarrays consisting of 137 primary colorectal adenocarcinoma samples. Intensity of staining for each core was scored by 3 independent pathologists. The membranous epcam-icd staining score was calculated as a weighted average from 3 core samples per tumour. Univariate analysis of the average scores and clinical outcome measures was performed. RESULTS The level of membranous epcam-icd staining was positively associated with well-differentiated tumours (p = 0.01); low preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (p = 0.001); and several measures of survival, including 2-year (p = 0.02) and 5-year survival (p = 0.05), and length of time post-diagnosis (p = 0.03). A number of other variables-including stage, grade, and lymph node status-showed correlations with epcam staining and markers of poor outcome, but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Low membranous epcam-icd staining might be a useful marker to identify tumours with aggressive clinical behavior and potential poor prognosis and might help to select candidates who could potentially benefit from treatment targeting epcam.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - R Ramjeesingh
- Department of Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - C H Chen
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - D Hurlbut
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - N Hammad
- Department of Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - L M Mulligan
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - C Nicol
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - H E Feilotter
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - S Davey
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
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Brantsæter M, Tahamtani FM, Moe RO, Hansen TB, Orritt R, Nicol C, Janczak AM. Rearing Laying Hens in Aviaries Reduces Fearfulness following Transfer to Furnished Cages. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:13. [PMID: 26955634 PMCID: PMC4767898 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate rearing is essential for ensuring the welfare and productivity of laying hens. Early experience has the potential to affect the development of fearfulness. This study tested whether rearing in aviaries, as opposed to cages, reduces the fearfulness of laying hens after transfer to furnished cages. Fear responses were recorded as avoidance of a novel object in the home cage. Lohmann Selected Leghorns were reared in an aviary system or conventional rearing cages and then transported to furnished cages at 16 weeks, before the onset of lay. Observations of a selection of birds were conducted at 19 (N = 50 independent cages) and 21 (N = 48 independent cages) weeks of age. At 19 and 21 weeks, cage-reared birds showed higher levels of fearfulness indicated by spending more time away from the novel object compared to aviary-reared birds. These results suggest that rearing in an enriched aviary environment reduces fearfulness up to the fifth week after transfer to a new housing system, compared to rearing in cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrethe Brantsæter
- Animal Welfare Research Group, Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, NMBU School of Veterinary Science , Oslo , Norway
| | - Fernanda M Tahamtani
- Animal Welfare Research Group, Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, NMBU School of Veterinary Science , Oslo , Norway
| | - Randi O Moe
- Animal Welfare Research Group, Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, NMBU School of Veterinary Science , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tone B Hansen
- Animalia, Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre , Oslo , Norway
| | - Rachel Orritt
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln , Lincoln , UK
| | - Christine Nicol
- Division of Animal Health and Husbandry, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK
| | - Andrew M Janczak
- Animal Welfare Research Group, Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, NMBU School of Veterinary Science , Oslo , Norway
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De Graaf JB, Jarrassé N, Nicol C, Touillet A, Coyle T, Maynard L, Martinet N, Paysant J. Phantom hand and wrist movements in upper limb amputees are slow but naturally controlled movements. Neuroscience 2015; 312:48-57. [PMID: 26556065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
After limb amputation, patients often wake up with a vivid perception of the presence of the missing limb, called "phantom limb". Phantom limbs have mostly been studied with respect to pain sensation. But patients can experience many other phantom sensations, including voluntary movements. The goal of the present study was to quantify phantom movement kinematics and relate these to intact limb kinematics and to the time elapsed since amputation. Six upper arm and two forearm amputees with various delays since amputation (6months to 32years) performed phantom finger, hand and wrist movements at self-chosen comfortable velocities. The kinematics of the phantom movements was indirectly obtained via the intact limb that synchronously mimicked the phantom limb movements, using a Cyberglove® for measuring finger movements and an inertial measurement unit for wrist movements. Results show that the execution of phantom movements is perceived as "natural" but effortful. The types of phantom movements that can be performed are variable between the patients but they could all perform thumb flexion/extension and global hand opening/closure. Finger extension movements appeared to be 24% faster than finger flexion movements. Neither the number of types of phantom movements that can be executed nor the kinematic characteristics were related to the elapsed time since amputation, highlighting the persistence of post-amputation neural adaptation. We hypothesize that the perceived slowness of phantom movements is related to altered proprioceptive feedback that cannot be recalibrated by lack of visual feedback during phantom movement execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B De Graaf
- Institute of Movement Sciences (ISM), UMR 7287 - CNRS & Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - N Jarrassé
- Institute of Intelligent Systems and Robotics (ISIR), UMR 7222, CNRS/INSERM, U1150 Agathe-ISIR, Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - C Nicol
- Institute of Movement Sciences (ISM), UMR 7287 - CNRS & Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - A Touillet
- Louis Pierquin Centre of the Regional Institute of Rehabilitation, Nancy, France
| | - T Coyle
- Institute of Movement Sciences (ISM), UMR 7287 - CNRS & Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - L Maynard
- Centre for Functional Readaptation of Valmante, Marseille, France
| | - N Martinet
- Louis Pierquin Centre of the Regional Institute of Rehabilitation, Nancy, France
| | - J Paysant
- Louis Pierquin Centre of the Regional Institute of Rehabilitation, Nancy, France
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de Graaf J, Jarrassé N, Nicol C, Touillet A, Paysant J. Neuromuscular reorganization after arm amputation revealed by stump EMG evoked by different phantom movements. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Viry S, De Graaf JB, Frances JP, Berton E, Laurent M, Nicol C. Combined influence of expertise and fatigue on riding strategy and horse-rider coupling during the time course of endurance races. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:78-82. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Viry
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287; Marseille France
- BRD Concept; Anglet France
| | - J. B. De Graaf
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287; Marseille France
| | | | - E. Berton
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287; Marseille France
| | - M. Laurent
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287; Marseille France
| | - C. Nicol
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, UMR 7287; Marseille France
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Kunimasa Y, Sano K, Oda T, Nicol C, Komi PV, Locatelli E, Ito A, Ishikawa M. Specific muscle-tendon architecture in elite Kenyan distance runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kunimasa
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Sano
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences; Osaka Japan
| | - T. Oda
- Hyogo University of Teacher Education; Hyogo Japan
| | - C. Nicol
- Aix-Marseille Université; CNRS; Institut des Sciences du Mouvement; Marseille France
| | - P. V. Komi
- NMRC and Likes Research Center; University of Jyväskylä; Jyväskylä Finland
| | - E. Locatelli
- International Association of Athletics Federations; Monaco Monaco
| | - A. Ito
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences; Osaka Japan
| | - M. Ishikawa
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences; Osaka Japan
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Rey O, Rossi D, Nicol C, Mercier CS, Vallier JM, Maïano C. Évaluation indirecte de la capacité aérobie d’adolescents obèses : intérêt d’un test de course à pied intermittent court, progressif et maximal. Sci Sports 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sainton P, Pelletier C, Nicol C, Chavet P. What about running on Mars? Dynamical response to unweighing of the running pattern. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2013; 16 Suppl 1:78-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2013.815978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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De Graaf J, Nicol C. Using ultra-mobile EEG in sports and human movement sciences. Some exciting applications and first results. Neurophysiol Clin 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2012.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Coza C, Nicol C, Macnab C, Ramirez-Serrano A. Adaptive fuzzy control for a quadrotor helicopter robust to wind buffeting. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 2011. [DOI: 10.3233/ifs-2011-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Coza
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C. Nicol
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C.J.B. Macnab
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A. Ramirez-Serrano
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Mercier CS, Maïano C, Nicol C, Sepulcre J, Brisswalter J. Étude des relations entre les valeurs d’anxiété, d’estime globale de soi et la perception de l’effort lors de l’exercice physique chez des adolescentes obèses et non obèses. Sci Sports 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jeans A, Moore J, Nicol C, Bates C, Read R. Wristwatch use and hospital-acquired infection. J Hosp Infect 2010; 74:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
This article reviews the effects of diet on equine feeding behavior and feeding patterns, before considering the evidence that diet affects reactivity in horses. A growing body of work suggests that fat- and fiber-based diets may result in calmer patterns of behavior, and possible mechanisms that may underpin these effects are discussed. In contrast, there is little evidence that herbal- or tryptophan-containing supplements influence equine behavior in any measurable way. The role of diet in the development of abnormal oral behaviors, particularly the oral stereotypy crib-biting, is also reviewed, and suggestions for future work are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Hothersall
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, North Somerset, UK.
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Galindo A, Barthèlemy J, Ishikawa M, Chavet P, Martin V, Avela J, Komi PV, Nicol C. Neuromuscular control in landing from supra-maximal dropping height. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 106:539-47. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90776.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study utilized high-impact supra-maximal landings to examine the influence of the pre-impact force level on the post-impact electromyographic (EMG) activity and, in particular, on the short latency EMG reflex (SLR) component. Unilateral-leg landings were performed in a sitting position on a sledge apparatus after release from high, but individually constant dropping height. A lower limb guiding device fixed to the front of the sledge seat allowed the subjects to sustain a given pre-set force level up to impact. This force level was either freely chosen or set at 20, 35, and 50% of maximal isometric plantarflexion force. EMG activity was recorded from eight major lower limb muscles. It was expected that the increase in the pre-impact force level would require the intervention of a protective neural strategy during the post-impact phase that would attenuate the SLR amplitude. The ultrasonography recordings confirmed that the soleus fascicles were stretched to induce SLR. The main finding was the similarity across all tested conditions of the impact peak force and post-impact EMG activity, including the SLR response. Both observations are mostly attributed to the similar EMG levels and close force levels reached toward impact. The instruction to maintain a given pre-set force level was indeed overruled when getting close to impact. It is suggested that, in the present supra-maximal landing condition, a protective central neural strategy did occur that took into account the pre-set force level to secure similar impact loads.
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Littin K, Acevedo A, Browne W, Edgar J, Mendl M, Owen D, Sherwin C, Würbel H, Nicol C. Towards humane end points: behavioural changes precede clinical signs of disease in a Huntington's disease model. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:1865-74. [PMID: 18460434 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of animals used in science is increasing, bringing a concomitant obligation to minimize suffering. For animals with progressive conditions, euthanasia at a 'humane end point' is advised if the end point is scientifically valid, predictive and accurate. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that behavioural changes would reliably precede clinical signs of disease in a progressive neurological model, using retrospective analysis. We observed 100 pair-housed female R6/1 transgenic Huntington's disease (HD) mice and 28 pair-housed female wild-type (WT) mice in standard- or resource-enriched cages. Disease progression was monitored until one member of each HD pair reached a pre-defined end point based on pathological symptoms (HD end). This mouse was then euthanized together with its cage mate (HD other) and any matched WT pairs. At euthanasia, HD mice had significantly greater absolute and relative organ weights, and significantly higher alpha1 acid glycoprotein concentrations than WT mice, indicating reduced welfare. HD mice initially showed significantly greater use of cage resources than WT mice but this declined progressively. Steeper declines, and earlier cessation, in the use of some climbing and exploration resources occurred in the HD end mice compared with the HD other mice. Behavioural change can be an early indicator of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Littin
- Animal Welfare Group, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, PO Box 2526, Wellington, New Zealand
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Gilpin BJ, Thorrold B, Scholes P, Longhurst RD, Devane M, Nicol C, Walker S, Robson B, Savill M. Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni genotypes from dairy cattle and human sources from the Matamata-Piako District of New Zealand. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1354-60. [PMID: 18713290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify the prevalence and types of Campylobacter jejuni carried by dairy cattle and the extent of overlap of these types with those causing disease in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Faecal samples from 410 dairy cattle were collected from 36 farms in the Matamata-Piako district in New Zealand. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated on all 36 farms, with a prevalence of 51% (95% CI 45-57) in dairy cattle and 65% (95% CI 58-72) in calves. Eighty-nine of these isolates were typed using Penner serotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis and were compared with 58 human C. jejuni isolates from people resident within this study area. CONCLUSIONS Campylobacter jejuni were found in the faeces of over half of the dairy cows and calves examined. Twenty-one per cent of the bovine isolates and 43% of the human isolates formed indistinguishable clusters of at least one bovine and one human isolate. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY While a direct link between bovine isolates and human cases was not demonstrated, the finding of indistinguishable genotypes among C. jejuni isolates from bovine and human sources confirms that dairy cows and calves are a potential source of human campylobacteriosis. Barriers to separate bovine faecal material from the general public are therefore important public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Gilpin
- ESR Ltd., Christchurch Science Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Regueme SC, Barthèlemy J, Gauthier GM, Blin O, Nicol C. Delayed influence of stretch-shortening cycle fatigue on large ankle joint position coded with static positional signals. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2008; 18:373-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS To survey the prevalence of Salmonella in imported and domestic pet chews for assessing their potential in introducing novel pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant Salmonella serotype clones into New Zealand, and as vehicles of salmonellosis in the domestic home environment. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred samples, each of imported and domestic pet chews, were examined bacteriologically for the presence of Salmonella. Salmonella cells in the pre-enrichment culture were concentrated by using Dynabeads, and then selective enrichment and plating were performed by a method described in the Bacteriological and Analytical Manual, USFDA. Salmonella was isolated from 16 (5.3%) of the imported and 20 (6.7%) of the domestic pet chews, but the prevalences of Salmonella in imported and domestic products were not significantly different. All Salmonella isolates were serotyped and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility determined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disc diffusion methods. Salmonella Borreze has never been recorded earlier in New Zealand and was detected from Australian raw hide. Three isolates of Salmonella London were resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin, and two isolates of Salmonella Infantis were resistant to nalidixic acid, one of which was also resistant to streptomycin. CONCLUSIONS Novel pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella are being introduced into New Zealand through the import of pet chews. This indicates that pet chews are a potential source of exposure to Salmonella in the domestic home environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Contaminated pet chews are potential sources of Salmonella infection for domestic pets, and humans are at risk of exposure either directly by contact through handling or inadvertently by cross-contamination of food or food-contact surfaces in home environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Wong
- Food Safety Programme, Christchurch Science Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Garrett N, Devane ML, Hudson JA, Nicol C, Ball A, Klena JD, Scholes P, Baker MG, Gilpin BJ, Savill MG. Statistical comparison of Campylobacter jejuni subtypes from human cases and environmental sources. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 103:2113-21. [PMID: 18045395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse Campylobacter jejuni typing data to define statistically which potential reservoirs and transmission sources contain isolates that are most similar to one another and to isolates from human infections. METHODS AND RESULTS Serotyping and SmaI macrorestriction profiling data for C. jejuni isolates from human campylobacteriosis cases, chicken carcass rinses, duck, sheep, dairy and beef cattle faeces, river water, and sheep, beef and pork offal obtained from a defined rural area of New Zealand were compared using the Czekanowski proportional similarity index. Subtypes of isolates from ruminant animals, whether derived from their faeces or offals, were generally similar to one another. The spectrum of isolate subtypes from human cases was more similar to that from ruminant faeces than the other matrices considered. Isolate subtypes from chicken rinses, pork offal, water and duck faeces were not highly similar to those from other matrices. CONCLUSIONS Results from a combination of phenotypic and genotypic approaches suggest that, for this rural population, exposures associated with a rural lifestyle may be significant sources of human campylobacteriosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The Czekanowski index was applied to subtyping data and supported the greater importance of contact with livestock in campylobacteriosis cases associated with a rural setting, in comparison with urban studies that have identified poultry-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garrett
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Regueme S, Barthèlemy J, Gauthier G, Nicol C. Changes in illusory ankle movements induced by tendon vibrations during the delayed recovery phase of stretch-shortening cycle fatigue: An indirect study of muscle spindle sensitivity modifications. Brain Res 2007; 1185:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barbarot S, Nicol C, Volteau C, Le Forestier D, N'Guyen JM, Mansat E, Wolkenstein P, Stalder JF. Cutaneous lesions in neurofibromatosis 1: confused terminology. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:183-4. [PMID: 17578441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hothersall B, Nicol C. Equine learning behaviour: accounting for ecological constraints and relationships with humans in experimental design. Behav Processes 2007; 76:45-8; discussion 57-60. [PMID: 17408878 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2006.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Becky Hothersall
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, United Kingdom.
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Nicol C, Le Fourn B, Milpied B. Adaptation de la technique de Coleman au traitement d’une hémiatrophie faciale post-sclérodermique. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2007; 134:384-5. [PMID: 17483762 DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(07)89197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Regueme SC, Barthèlemy J, Nicol C. Exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercise: no contralateral effects on muscle activity in maximal motor performances. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007; 17:547-55. [PMID: 17316375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Minor cross-over effects of unilateral muscle fatigue have been reported after isometric exercises. The present study re-examined this possibility after an exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle (SSC)-type exercise. Twenty-five subjects performed on a sledge apparatus a unilateral exhaustive rebound exercise involving mostly the triceps surae muscle group. Ipsilateral vs contralateral fatigue effects were compared in uni- and bilateral tests that included a maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) and a series of 10 maximal drop jumps (DJ). These tests were carried out just before and after (POST) the exhaustive SSC exercise, and were repeated 2 days later (D2), at the expected time of major inflammation and pain. The exercised (fatigued) leg analysis revealed significant declines in MVC and DJ performances at POST and D2, the latter ones being associated with significant decreases in voluntary muscle activity. In contrast, no significant change was found for the non-fatigued leg. These results do not support the existence of cross-over effects after exhaustive SSC exercise, at least when tested in maximal static and dynamic unilateral motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Regueme
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of the Mediterranean, Marseilles, France
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Ishikawa M, Dousset E, Avela J, Kyröläinen H, Kallio J, Linnamo V, Kuitunen S, Nicol C, Komi PV. Changes in the soleus muscle architecture after exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006; 97:298-306. [PMID: 16770465 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-006-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the architectural changes in the muscle-tendon complex during the immediate and secondary (delayed) reductions of performance (bimodal recovery) caused by an exhaustive rebound type stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise. The isometric plantar flexor torque during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured together with recording of electromyography (EMG) and ultrasonography from the soleus muscle before (BEF), after (AFT), 2 h (2H), 2 and 8 days (2D, 8D) after the SSC exercise (n=8). The performance variables (MVC torque and EMG activation) followed the bimodal recovery patterns. This was not the case in the changes of the fascicle length and muscle thickness. The relative torque changes in MVC correlated positively (R=0.78, P=0.02) to the corresponding averaged EMG changes between BEF and 2H (BEF-->2H); the significance disappeared in the comparison between 2H and 2D (2H-->2D), during which period MVC showed a secondary reduction. The relative torque changes in MVC showed no correlation with the changes in muscle thickness between BEF-2H. However, this correlation between 2H-2D was negative (R=-0.85, P<0.01). The fascicle shortening/average EMG ratio in MVC increased at 2H, and then decreased more at 2D than 2H (P<0.05). Thus, the secondary performance decline was not related to the corresponding EMG reduction but to the increased muscle thickness, which peaked at 2D. The results suggest clearly that the secondary decline in MVC could be related to the increase in muscle volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishikawa
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (LL2), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Unicomb LE, Simmons G, Merritt T, Gregory J, Nicol C, Jelfs P, Kirk M, Tan A, Thomson R, Adamopoulos J, Little CL, Currie A, Dalton CB. Sesame seed products contaminated with Salmonella: three outbreaks associated with tahini. Epidemiol Infect 2006; 133:1065-72. [PMID: 16274503 PMCID: PMC2870340 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268805004085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In November 2002, the first of three outbreaks of Salmonella Montevideo infection in Australia and New Zealand was identified in New South Wales, Australia. Affected persons were interviewed, and epidemiologically linked retail outlets inspected. Imported tahini was rapidly identified as the source of infection. The contaminated tahini was recalled and international alerts posted. A second outbreak was identified in Australia in June-July 2003 and another in New Zealand in August 2003. In a total of 68 S. Montevideo infections, 66 cases were contacted. Fifty-four (82%) reported consumption of sesame seed-based foods. Laboratory analyses demonstrated closely related PFGE patterns in the S. Montevideo isolates from human cases and sesame-based foods imported from two countries. On the basis of our investigations sesame-based products were sampled in other jurisdictions and three products in Canada and one in the United Kingdom were positive for Salmonella spp., demonstrating the value of international alerts when food products have a wide distribution and a long shelf life. A review of the controls for Salmonella spp. during the production of sesame-based products is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Unicomb
- OzFoodNet, Hunter Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales (NSW), Australia
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Avela J, Ishikawa M, Nicol C, Chavet P, Peltonen J, Komi P. Neuromuscular control in extreme high impact loads. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chavet P, Pithioux M, Nicol C, Lachamp F. Neuromuscular modulation and impact related to changes of level of muscular preactivation in a frontal car crash simulated collision. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)82998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Devane ML, Nicol C, Ball A, Klena JD, Scholes P, Hudson JA, Baker MG, Gilpin BJ, Garrett N, Savill MG. The occurrence of Campylobacter subtypes in environmental reservoirs and potential transmission routes. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:980-90. [PMID: 15752345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify potential reservoirs and transmission routes of human pathogenic Campylobacter spp. METHODS AND RESULTS An enrichment PCR method for the detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni and/or Campylobacter coli in faecal, food and river water samples was applied to 1450 samples of 12 matrix types obtained from a defined geographical area. PCR-positive samples were cultured to yield isolates for typing, and the data for 616 C. jejuni isolates obtained. Serotyping and SmaI macrorestriction profiling using pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed a high level of diversity within the isolates from each matrix. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli subtypes indistinguishable from those obtained from human cases were detected in most of the matrices examined. No Campylobacter isolates were isolated from possum faeces. CONCLUSIONS Ten of the 12 matrices examined may be involved in the transmission of human campylobacteriosis as they contained Campylobacter subtypes also isolated from clinical cases. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results indicate that, for this rural population, a range of potential transmission routes that could lead to campylobacteriosis exist. Their relative importance needs to be assessed from an exposure assessment standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Devane
- ESR Ltd, Christchurch Science Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Alley MR, Connolly JH, Fenwick SG, Mackereth GF, Leyland MJ, Rogers LE, Haycock M, Nicol C, Reed CEM. An epidemic of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Typhimurium DT160 in wild birds and humans in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2005; 50:170-6. [PMID: 16032266 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2002.36306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study reports an outbreak of salmonellosis due to S. Typhimurium DT160 which caused extensive mortality in wild birds and enteric disease in humans in New Zealand during the winter and spring months of the year 2000. METHODS Necropsies were performed and microbiological examinations undertaken on wild birds from populations in which mass mortality was reported, and on captive indigenous birds which died suddenly during the winter and spring of 2000. Affected tissues were examined histologically and isolates of S. Typhimurium were phage typed and examined using pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Isolates of S. Typhimurium obtained from cases of human enteric disease which occurred during these months were phage typed, examined using PFGE and compared with the bird isolates. RESULTS Central and northern areas of the South Island and the southern North Island were worst affected with die-offs of several hundreds of sparrows and other birds reported in rural areas. Mortalities reached a peak in winter (July-August) 2000 and decreased to small numbers during the spring and early summer. The birds usually died of an acute septicaemia with multifocal necrotising lesions in the liver and spleen. Human cases throughout the country increased gradually over the same period. Isolates from birds, livestock and humans examined using PFGE were indistinguishable from one another. CONCLUSION This strain of Salmonellahas emerged as a major cause of septicaemia in wild birds in New Zealand. Because of the close association between house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and humans, the organism also poses a serious zoonotic risk. The possibility that the infection may spread to involve indigenous species needs investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Alley
- Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Cornelius AJ, Nicol C, Hudson JA. Campylobacter spp. in New Zealand raw sheep liver and human campylobacteriosis cases. Int J Food Microbiol 2005; 99:99-105. [PMID: 15718033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Revised: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sheep liver samples were tested for the presence and numbers of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli during both spring and autumn. Over the same period, isolates were obtained from human clinical cases from the same geographical area as where the food samples were purchased. A subset of the C. jejuni isolates was typed by both Penner serotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis using the restriction enzyme SmaI, to estimate the proportion of liver isolate types that were also isolated from human cases of campylobacteriosis. Of the 272 liver samples tested, 180 (66.2%) contained Campylobacter. Most of the positive samples contained <3 MPN/g of the organism, and only 12 (6.7%) were contaminated at a level exceeding 100 MPN/g. A total of 180 C. jejuni isolates were obtained from sheep liver and another 200 from human faeces. Of these, 212 isolates were randomly selected for typing, half from raw liver and half from human faeces. More than half (61.1%) of the 106 C. jejuni isolates from liver were of subtypes that were also isolated from human cases. While the C. jejuni present in sheep liver were mostly of subtypes also isolated from human cases, the significance of this food as a vehicle of human campylobacteriosis needs to be examined further in respect to other factors such as dose-response information, consumption data, frequency of undercooking and cross contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cornelius
- Food Safety Programme, ESR Ltd, PO Box 29-181, Ilam, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Nicol C. Ajustement du système nerveux en cas de courbatures musculaires. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0035-3787(04)71128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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