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Buckland B, Sanyal G, Ranheim T, Pollard D, Searles JA, Behrens S, Pluschkell S, Josefsberg J, Roberts CJ. Vaccine process technology-A decade of progress. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38711222 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, new approaches to the discovery and development of vaccines have transformed the field. Advances during the COVID-19 pandemic allowed the production of billions of vaccine doses per year using novel platforms such as messenger RNA and viral vectors. Improvements in the analytical toolbox, equipment, and bioprocess technology have made it possible to achieve both unprecedented speed in vaccine development and scale of vaccine manufacturing. Macromolecular structure-function characterization technologies, combined with improved modeling and data analysis, enable quantitative evaluation of vaccine formulations at single-particle resolution and guided design of vaccine drug substances and drug products. These advances play a major role in precise assessment of critical quality attributes of vaccines delivered by newer platforms. Innovations in label-free and immunoassay technologies aid in the characterization of antigenic sites and the development of robust in vitro potency assays. These methods, along with molecular techniques such as next-generation sequencing, will accelerate characterization and release of vaccines delivered by all platforms. Process analytical technologies for real-time monitoring and optimization of process steps enable the implementation of quality-by-design principles and faster release of vaccine products. In the next decade, the field of vaccine discovery and development will continue to advance, bringing together new technologies, methods, and platforms to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Buckland
- National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Gautam Sanyal
- Vaccine Analytics, LLC, Kendall Park, New Jersey, USA
| | - Todd Ranheim
- Advanced Analytics Core, Resilience, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Pollard
- Sartorius, Corporate Research, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Sue Behrens
- Engineering and Biopharmaceutical Processing, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California, USA
| | - Stefanie Pluschkell
- National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jessica Josefsberg
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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2
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Palakollu V, Motabar L, Roberts CJ. Impact of Glycosylation on Protein-Protein Self-Interactions of Monoclonal Antibodies. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1414-1423. [PMID: 38386020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein self-interactions measured via second osmotic virial coefficients (B22) and dynamic light scattering interaction parameter values (kD) are often used as metrics for assessing the favorability of protein candidates and different formulations during monoclonal antibody (MAb) product development. Model predictions of B22 or kD typically do not account for glycans, though glycosylation can potentially impact experimental MAb self-interactions. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of MAb glycosylation on the experimentally measured B22 and kD values has not yet been reported. B22 and kD values of two fully deglycosylated MAbs and their native (i.e., fully glycosylated) counterparts were measured by light scattering over a range of pH and ionic strength conditions. Significant differences between B22 and kD of the native and deglycosylated forms were observed at a range of low to high ionic strengths used to modulate the effect of electrostatic contributions. Differences were most pronounced at low ionic strength, indicating that electrostatic interactions are a contributing factor. Though B22 and kD values were statistically equivalent at high ionic strengths where electrostatics were fully screened, we observed protein-dependent qualitative differences, which indicate that steric interactions may also play a role in the observed B22 and kD differences. A domain-level coarse-grained molecular model accounting for charge differences was considered to potentially provide additional insight but was not fully predictive of the behavior across all of the solution conditions investigated. This highlights that both the level of modeling and lack of inclusion of glycans may limit existing models in making quantitatively accurate predictions of self-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerabhadraiah Palakollu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Lily Motabar
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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3
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Forder JK, Palakollu V, Adhikari S, Blanco MA, Derebe MG, Ferguson HM, Luthra SA, Munsell EV, Roberts CJ. Electrostatically Mediated Attractive Self-Interactions and Reversible Self-Association of Fc-Fusion Proteins. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1321-1333. [PMID: 38334418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Attractive self-interactions and reversible self-association are implicated in many problematic solution behaviors for therapeutic proteins, such as irreversible aggregation, elevated viscosity, phase separation, and opalescence. Protein self-interactions and reversible oligomerization of two Fc-fusion proteins (monovalent and bivalent) and the corresponding fusion partner protein were characterized experimentally with static and dynamic light scattering as a function of pH (5 and 6.5) and ionic strength (10 mM to at least 300 mM). The fusion partner protein and monovalent Fc-fusion each displayed net attractive electrostatic self-interactions at pH 6.5 and net repulsive electrostatic self-interactions at pH 5. Solutions of the bivalent Fc-fusion contained higher molecular weight species that prevented quantification of typical interaction parameters (B22 and kD). All three of the proteins displayed reversible self-association at pH 6.5, where oligomers dissociated with increased ionic strength. Coarse-grained molecular simulations were used to model the self-interactions measured experimentally, assess net self-interactions for the bivalent Fc-fusion, and probe the specific electrostatic interactions between charged amino acids that were involved in attractive electrostatic self-interactions. Mayer-weighted pairwise electrostatic energies from the simulations suggested that attractive electrostatic self-interactions at pH 6.5 for the two Fc-fusion proteins were due to cross-domain interactions between the fusion partner domain(s) and the Fc domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Forder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Veerabhadraiah Palakollu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Sudeep Adhikari
- Analytical R&D, Digital & NMR Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Marco A Blanco
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Mehabaw Getahun Derebe
- Discovery Biologics, Protein Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Heidi M Ferguson
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Suman A Luthra
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Erik V Munsell
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
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4
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Roberts CJ, Barber J, Temkin NR, Dong A, Robertson CS, Valadka AB, Yue JK, Markowitz AJ, Manley GT, Nelson LD. Clinical Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposure to Extracranial Surgery: A TRACK-TBI Study. JAMA Surg 2024; 159:248-259. [PMID: 38091011 PMCID: PMC10719833 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.6374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Importance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with persistent functional and cognitive deficits, which may be susceptible to secondary insults. The implications of exposure to surgery and anesthesia after TBI warrant investigation, given that surgery has been associated with neurocognitive disorders. Objective To examine whether exposure to extracranial (EC) surgery and anesthesia is related to worse functional and cognitive outcomes after TBI. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was a retrospective, secondary analysis of data from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) study, a prospective cohort study that assessed longitudinal outcomes of participants enrolled at 18 level I US trauma centers between February 1, 2014, and August 31, 2018. Participants were 17 years or older, presented within 24 hours of trauma, were admitted to an inpatient unit from the emergency department, had known Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and head computed tomography (CT) status, and did not undergo cranial surgery. This analysis was conducted between January 2, 2020, and August 8, 2023. Exposure Participants who underwent EC surgery during the index admission were compared with participants with no surgery in groups with a peripheral orthopedic injury or a TBI and were classified as having uncomplicated mild TBI (GCS score of 13-15 and negative CT results [CT- mTBI]), complicated mild TBI (GCS score of 13-15 and positive CT results [CT+ mTBI]), or moderate to severe TBI (GCS score of 3-12 [m/sTBI]). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were functional limitations quantified by the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended for all injuries (GOSE-ALL) and brain injury (GOSE-TBI) and neurocognitive outcomes at 2 weeks and 6 months after injury. Results A total of 1835 participants (mean [SD] age, 42.2 [17.8] years; 1279 [70%] male; 299 Black, 1412 White, and 96 other) were analyzed, including 1349 nonsurgical participants and 486 participants undergoing EC surgery. The participants undergoing EC surgery across all TBI severities had significantly worse GOSE-ALL scores at 2 weeks and 6 months compared with their nonsurgical counterparts. At 6 months after injury, m/sTBI and CT+ mTBI participants who underwent EC surgery had significantly worse GOSE-TBI scores (B = -1.11 [95% CI, -1.53 to -0.68] in participants with m/sTBI and -0.39 [95% CI, -0.77 to -0.01] in participants with CT+ mTBI) and performed worse on the Trail Making Test Part B (B = 30.1 [95% CI, 11.9-48.2] in participants with m/sTBI and 26.3 [95% CI, 11.3-41.2] in participants with CT+ mTBI). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that exposure to EC surgery and anesthesia was associated with adverse functional outcomes and impaired executive function after TBI. This unfavorable association warrants further investigation of the potential mechanisms and clinical implications that could inform decisions regarding the timing of surgical interventions in patients after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jason Barber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nancy R. Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Athena Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Alex B. Valadka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - John K. Yue
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Geoffrey T. Manley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Lindsay D. Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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Janke JJ, Starr CG, Kingsbury JS, Furtmann N, Roberts CJ, Calero-Rubio C. Computational Screening for mAb Colloidal Stability with Coarse-Grained, Molecular-Scale Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1515-1526. [PMID: 38315822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important modality of protein therapeutics with broad applications for numerous diseases. However, colloidal instabilities occurring at high protein concentrations can limit the ability to develop stable, high-concentration liquid dosage forms that are required for patient-centric, device-mediated products. Therefore, it is advantageous to identify colloidally stable mAbs early in the discovery process to ensure that they are selected for development. Experimental screening for colloidal stability can be time- and resource-consuming and is most feasible at the later stages of drug development due to material requirements. Alternatively, computational approaches have emerging potential to provide efficient screening and focus developmental efforts on mAbs with the greatest developability potential, while providing mechanistic relationships for colloidal instability. In this work, coarse-grained, molecular-scale models were fine-tuned to screen for colloidal stability at amino-acid resolution. This model parameterization provides a framework to screen for mAb self-interactions and extrapolate to bulk solution behavior. This approach was applied to a wide array of mAbs under multiple buffer conditions, demonstrating the utility of the presented computational approach to augment early candidate screening and later formulation strategies for protein therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Joel Janke
- Biologics Drug Product Development and Manufacturing, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Charles G Starr
- Biologics Drug Product Development and Manufacturing, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Jonathan S Kingsbury
- Biologics Drug Product Development and Manufacturing, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Norbert Furtmann
- Large Molecules Research Platform, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt 65926, Germany
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Biologics Drug Product Development and Manufacturing, Sanofi, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
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Berger JE, Teixeira SCM, Sloey CJ, Qi W, Roberts CJ. High Pressure Light Scattering of Therapeutic Proteins To Probe Aggregation and Protein-Protein Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37345852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c09118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
There is interest in the direct in situ measurement of protein aggregation and reversible protein-protein interactions at high pressure as a means to assess protein stability. This is currently limited by the availability of in-house analytical methods. High-pressure (HP) scattering instrumentation (using either neutrons, X-rays, or light sources) are relatively rare, due to extensive development hurdles and lack of standardization. This report focuses on design, operation, and application of a new HP light scattering apparatus based on commercially available equipment with a view to wider applications. HP static light scattering results were obtained for two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that exhibit different extents of unfolding and aggregation at these conditions. Aggregation that was observed during in situ pressure incubations varied by MAb and total ionic strength of solution. This was conducted in tandem with ex situ measurements on MAb solutions that were incubated under pressure, where monomer loss was measured with size exclusion chromatography. Pressure cycling was also used to assess the extent of pressure-induced reversible and irreversible aggregation. Finally, the ability of the HP light scattering apparatus to assess the influence of pressure on reversible protein-protein interactions in the canonical sense of second osmotic virial coefficients was assessed using lysozyme, a relatively well-characterized protein under hydrostatic pressure. The method offers a convenient and reproducible capability that complements current small angle neutron/X-ray instrumentation, providing measurements that can be used to optimize the planning and interpretation of scattering data from synchrotron or neutron research facilities. Our results address a growing demand to characterize protein aggregates and aggregation-prone partially unfolded intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Berger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Susana C M Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Christopher J Sloey
- Drug Product Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Abstract
When monoclonal antibodies are exposed to an air-water interface, they form aggregates, which negatively impacts their performance. Until now, the detection and characterization of interfacial aggregation have been difficult. Here, we exploit the mechanical response imparted by interfacial adsorption by measuring the interfacial shear rheology of a model antibody, anti-streptavidin immunoglobulin-1 (AS-IgG1), at the air-water interface. Strong viscoelastic layers of AS-IgG1 form when the protein is adsorbed from the bulk solution. Creep experiments correlate the compliance of the interfacial protein layer with the subphase solution pH and bulk concentration. These, along with oscillatory strain amplitude and frequency sweeps, show that the viscoelastic behavior of the adsorbed layers is that of a soft glass with interfacial shear moduli on the order of 10-3 Pa m. Shifting the creep compliance curves under different applied stresses forms master curves consistent with stress-time superposition of soft interfacial glasses. The interfacial rheology results are discussed in the context of the interface-mediated aggregation of AS-IgG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin V Wood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Vladimir I Razinkov
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Eric M Furst
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Abdelrahim MT, Kassels AC, Stark CW, Roberts CJ, Vogt JA, Ebert TJ. A Case Report of Acute Onset and Rapid Resolution of Atrioventricular Block After Sugammadex: Is the Autonomic System Involved? A A Pract 2023; 17:e01683. [PMID: 37146215 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Administering sugammadex to reverse neuromuscular blockade can cause marked bradycardia and rarely asystole. In this case, a rapid onset, biphasic heart rate response; slowing then speeding, after administering sugammadex was noted while at steady state, 1.3% end-tidal sevoflurane. On review of the electrocardiogram (ECG), the heart rate slowing coincided with the onset of a second-degree, Mobitz type I block that lasted 45 seconds. No other events, drugs, or stimuli coincided with the event. The acute onset and transient nature of the atrioventricular block without evidence of ischemia implies a brief parasympathetic effect on the atrioventricular node after sugammadex administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T Abdelrahim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Austin C Kassels
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Cain W Stark
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Julia A Vogt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas J Ebert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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9
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Shalaev E, Ohtake S, Moussa EM, Searles J, Nail S, Roberts CJ. Accelerated Storage for Shelf-Life Prediction of Lyophiles: Temperature Dependence of Degradation of Amorphous Small Molecular Weight Drugs and Proteins. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1509-1522. [PMID: 36796635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Prediction of lyophilized product shelf-life using accelerated stability data requires understanding the temperature dependence of the degradation rate. Despite the abundance of published studies on stability of freeze-dried formulations and other amorphous materials, there are no definitive conclusions on the type of pattern one can expect for the temperature dependence of degradation. This lack of consensus represents a significant gap which may impact development and regulatory acceptance of freeze-dried pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Review of the literature demonstrates that the temperature dependence of degradation rate constants in lyophiles can be represented by the Arrhenius equation in most cases. In some instances there is a break in the Arrhenius plot around the glass transition temperature or a related characteristic temperature. The majority of the activation energies (Ea), which are reported for various degradation pathways in lyophiles, falls in the range of 8 to 25 kcal/mol. The degradation Ea values for lyophiles are compared with the Ea for relaxation processes and diffusion in glasses, as wells as solution chemical reactions. Collectively, analysis of the literature demonstrates that the Arrhenius equation represents a reasonable empirical tool for analysis, presentation, and extrapolation of stability data for lyophiles, provided that specific conditions are met.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017 USA
| | - Ehab M Moussa
- Biologics Drug Product Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jim Searles
- Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017 USA
| | | | - Christopher J Roberts
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Newark DE 19713 USA
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10
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Kedia SB, Baker JC, Carbonell RG, Lee KH, Roberts CJ, Erickson J, Schiel JE, Rogers K, Schaefer G, Pluschkell S. Biomanufacturing readiness levels [BRL]-A shared vocabulary for biopharmaceutical technology development and commercialization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3526-3536. [PMID: 36071569 PMCID: PMC9826509 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Manufacturing Readiness Levels (MRLs) developed by the Department of Defense are well-established tools for describing the maturity of new technologies resulting from government-sponsored Research and Development programs, from the concept phase to commercial deployment. While MRLs are generally applicable to a wide range of industries and technologies, there is significant value in offering an industry-specific view on how the basic principles may be applied to biomanufacturing. This paper describes Biomanufacturing Readiness Levels (BRLs) developed by the National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals (NIIMBL), a public/private partnership that is part of the Manufacturing USA network. NIIMBL brings together private, federal, nonprofit, and academic stakeholders to accelerate the deployment of innovative technologies for biopharmaceutical production and to educate and train a world-leading biomanufacturing workforce. We anticipate that these BRLs will lay the groundwork for a shared vocabulary for assessment of technology maturity and readiness for commercial biomanufacturing that effectively meets the needs of this critical, specialized, and highly regulated industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B. Kedia
- National Institute of Innovation in Manufacturing BiopharmaceuticalsNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Jeffrey C. Baker
- National Institute of Innovation in Manufacturing BiopharmaceuticalsNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Ruben G. Carbonell
- National Institute of Innovation in Manufacturing BiopharmaceuticalsNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Kelvin H. Lee
- National Institute of Innovation in Manufacturing BiopharmaceuticalsNewarkDelawareUSA
| | | | - John Erickson
- National Institute of Innovation in Manufacturing BiopharmaceuticalsNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - John E. Schiel
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Kelley Rogers
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchNational Institute of Standards and TechnologyRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Gene Schaefer
- National Institute of Innovation in Manufacturing BiopharmaceuticalsNewarkDelawareUSA
| | - Stefanie Pluschkell
- National Institute of Innovation in Manufacturing BiopharmaceuticalsNewarkDelawareUSA
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11
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Forder JK, Ilott AJ, Sahin E, Roberts CJ. Simulation of high‐concentration self‐interactions for monoclonal antibodies from well‐behaved to poorly‐behaved systems. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James K. Forder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, Newark Delaware United States
| | - Andrew J. Ilott
- Drug Product Science and Technology Bristol‐Myers Squibb New Brunswick New Jersey United States
| | - Erinc Sahin
- Drug Product Science and Technology Bristol‐Myers Squibb New Brunswick New Jersey United States
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Delaware, Newark Delaware United States
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12
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Shahfar H, O'Brien CJ, Budyak IL, Roberts CJ. Predicting Experimental B22 Values and the Effects of Histidine Charge States for Monoclonal Antibodies Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3820-3830. [PMID: 36194430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Static light scattering (SLS) was used to characterize five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) as a function of total ionic strength (TIS) at pH values between 5.5 and 7.0. Second osmotic virial coefficient (B22) values were determined experimentally for each MAb as a function of TIS using low protein concentration SLS data. Coarse-grained molecular simulations were performed to predict the B22 values for each MAb at a given pH and TIS. To include the effect of charge fluctuations of titratable residues in the B22 calculations, a statistical approach was introduced in the Monte Carlo algorithm based on the protonation probability based on a given pH value and the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The charged residues were allowed to fluctuate individually, based on the sampled microstates and the influence of electrostatic interactions on net protein-protein interactions during the simulations. Compared to static charge simulations, the new approach provided improved results compared to experimental B22 values at pH conditions near the pKa of titratable residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shahfar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Ivan L Budyak
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
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13
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Roberts CJ, Hopp FA, Hogan QH, Dean C. Anandamide in the dorsal periaqueductal gray inhibits sensory input without a correlation to sympathoexcitation. Neurobiol Pain 2022; 12:100104. [PMID: 36531614 PMCID: PMC9755024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is growing literature supporting cannabinoids as a potential therapeutic for pain conditions. The development of chronic pain has been associated with reduced concentrations of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) in the midbrain dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), and microinjections of synthetic cannabinoids into the dPAG are antinociceptive. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the role of the dPAG in cannabinoid-mediated sensory inhibition. Given that cannabinoids in the dPAG also elicit sympathoexcitation, a secondary goal was to assess coordination between sympathetic and antinociceptive responses. AEA was microinjected into the dPAG while recording single unit activity of wide dynamic range (WDR) dorsal horn neurons (DHNs) evoked by high intensity mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw, concurrently with renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), in anesthetized male rats. AEA microinjected into the dPAG decreased evoked DHN activity (n = 24 units), for half of which AEA also elicited sympathoexcitation. AEA actions were mediated by cannabinoid 1 receptors as confirmed by local pretreatment with the cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM281. dPAG microinjection of the synaptic excitant DL-homocysteic acid (DLH) also decreased evoked DHN activity (n = 27 units), but in all cases this was accompanied by sympathoexcitation. Thus, sensory inhibition elicited from the dPAG is not exclusively linked with sympathoexcitation, suggesting discrete neuronal circuits. The rostrocaudal location of sites may affect evoked responses as AEA produced sensory inhibition without sympathetic effects at 86 % of caudal compared to 25 % of rostral sites, supporting anatomically distinct neurocircuits. These data indicate that spatially selective manipulation of cannabinoid signaling could provide analgesia without potentially harmful autonomic activation.
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Key Words
- AEA, N-arachidonylethanolamine, anandamide
- Antinociception
- CB1R, cannabinoid type one receptor
- CV, cardiovascular
- Cannabinoid
- DHN, dorsal horn neuron
- DLH, DL-homocysteic acid
- Dorsal horn
- FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor
- IML, intermediolateral cell column
- MAP, mean arterial pressure
- NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius
- PAG, periaqueductal gray
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
- RSNA, renal sympathetic nerve activity
- RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla
- RVMM, rostral ventromedial medulla
- Rat
- SIA, stress-induced analgesia
- SNS, sympathetic nervous system
- Sympathetic nervous system
- TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1
- WDR, wide dynamic range
- dPAG, dorsal periaqueductal gray
- vPAG, ventral periaqueductal gray
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
| | - Francis A. Hopp
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
| | - Quinn H. Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
| | - Caron Dean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Anesthesiology, Research Service 151, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
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14
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Berger JE, Teixeira SCM, Reed K, Razinkov VI, Sloey CJ, Qi W, Roberts CJ. High-Pressure, Low-Temperature Induced Unfolding and Aggregation of Monoclonal Antibodies: Role of the Fc and Fab Fragments. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4431-4441. [PMID: 35675067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of high pressure and low temperature on the stability of two different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were examined in this work. Fluorescence and small-angle neutron scattering were used to monitor the in situ effects of pressure to infer shifts in tertiary structure and characterize aggregation prone intermediates. Partial unfolding was observed for both MAbs, to different extents, under a range of pressure/temperature conditions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to monitor ex situ changes in secondary structure. Preservation of native secondary structure after incubation at elevated pressures and subzero ° C temperatures was independent of the extent of tertiary unfolding and reversibility. Several combinations of pressure and temperature were also used to discern the respective contributions of the isolated Ab fragments (Fab and Fc) to unfolding and aggregation. The fragments for each antibody showed significantly different partial unfolding profiles and reversibility. There was not a simple correlation between stability of the full MAb and either the Fc or Fab fragment stabilities across all cases, demonstrating a complex relationship to full MAb unfolding and aggregation behavior. That notwithstanding, the combined use of spectroscopic and scattering techniques provides insights into MAb conformational stability and hysteresis in high-pressure, low-temperature environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Berger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Susana C M Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kaelan Reed
- PharmBIO Products, W. L. Gore & Associates, Elkton, Maryland 21921, United States
| | - Vladimir I Razinkov
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J Sloey
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Technologies, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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15
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Ebert TJ, Cumming CE, Roberts CJ, Anglin MF, Gandhi S, Anderson CJ, Stekiel TA, Gliniecki R, Dugan SM, Abdelrahim MT, Klinewski VB, Sherman K. Characterizing the Heart Rate Effects From Administration of Sugammadex to Reverse Neuromuscular Blockade: An Observational Study in Patients. Anesth Analg 2022; 135:807-814. [PMID: 35759402 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reversal of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) with sugammadex can cause marked bradycardia and asystole. Administration of sugammadex typically occurs in a dynamic period when anesthetic adjuvants and gas concentrations are being titrated to achieve emergence. This evaluation examined the heart rate (HR) responses to sugammadex to reverse moderate to deep NMB during a steady-state period and sought mechanisms for HR changes. METHODS Patients with normal sinus rhythm, who were undergoing elective surgery that included rocuronium for NMB, were evaluated. After surgery, while at steady-state surgical depth anesthesia with sevoflurane and mechanical ventilation, patients received either placebo or 2 or 4 mg/kg of sugammadex to reverse moderate to deep NMB. Study personnel involved in data analysis were blinded to treatment. Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded from the 5 minutes before and 5 minutes after sugammadex/placebo administration. R-R intervals were converted to HR and averaged in 1-minute increments. The maximum prolongation of an R-R interval after sugammadex was converted to an instantaneous HR. RESULTS A total of 63 patients were evaluated: 8 received placebo, and 38 and 17 received 2 and 4 mg/kg sugammadex. Age, body mass index, and patient factors were similar in groups. Placebo did not elicit HR changes, whereas sugammadex caused maximum instantaneous HR slowing (calculated from the longest R-R interval), ranging from 2 to 19 beats/min. There were 7 patients with maximum HR slowing >10 beats/min. The average HR change and 95% confidence interval (CI) during the 5 minutes after 2 mg/kg sugammadex were 3.1 (CI, 2.3-4.1) beats/min, and this was not different from the 4 mg/kg sugammadex group (4.1 beats/min [CI, 2.5-5.6]). HR variability derived from the standard deviation of consecutive R-R intervals increased after sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS Sugammadex to reverse moderate and deep NMB resulted in a fast onset and variable magnitude of HR slowing in patients. A difference in HR slowing as a function of dose did not achieve statistical significance. The observational nature of the investigation prevented a full understanding of the mechanism(s) of the HR slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Ebert
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Craig E Cumming
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Missy F Anglin
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sweeta Gandhi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher J Anderson
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas A Stekiel
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ross Gliniecki
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shannon M Dugan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mohamed T Abdelrahim
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Victoria B Klinewski
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Katherine Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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16
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Wang T, Sarwar M, Whitchurch JB, Collins HM, Green T, Semenas J, Ali A, Roberts CJ, Morris RD, Hubert M, Chen S, El-Schich Z, Wingren AG, Grundström T, Lundmark R, Mongan NP, Gunhaga L, Heery DM, Persson JL. PIP5K1α is Required for Promoting Tumor Progression in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:798590. [PMID: 35386201 PMCID: PMC8979106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.798590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PIP5K1α has emerged as a promising drug target for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), as it acts upstream of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote prostate cancer (PCa) growth, survival and invasion. However, little is known of the molecular actions of PIP5K1α in this process. Here, we show that siRNA-mediated knockdown of PIP5K1α and blockade of PIP5K1α action using its small molecule inhibitor ISA-2011B suppress growth and invasion of CRPC cells. We demonstrate that targeted deletion of the N-terminal domain of PIP5K1α in CRPC cells results in reduced growth and migratory ability of cancer cells. Further, the xenograft tumors lacking the N-terminal domain of PIP5K1α exhibited reduced tumor growth and aggressiveness in xenograft mice as compared to that of controls. The N-terminal domain of PIP5K1α is required for regulation of mRNA expression and protein stability of PIP5K1α. This suggests that the expression and oncogenic activity of PIP5K1α are in part dependent on its N-terminal domain. We further show that PIP5K1α acts as an upstream regulator of the androgen receptor (AR) and AR target genes including CDK1 and MMP9 that are key factors promoting growth, survival and invasion of PCa cells. ISA-2011B exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on AR target genes including CDK1 and MMP9 in CRPC cells with wild-type PIP5K1α and in CRPC cells lacking the N-terminal domain of PIP5K1α. These results indicate that the growth of PIP5K1α-dependent tumors is in part dependent on the integrity of the N-terminal sequence of this kinase. Our study identifies a novel functional mechanism involving PIP5K1α, confirming that PIP5K1α is an intriguing target for cancer treatment, especially for treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martuza Sarwar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Hilary M Collins
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tami Green
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Julius Semenas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Ryan D Morris
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Madlen Hubert
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sa Chen
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zahra El-Schich
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anette G Wingren
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Richard Lundmark
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology (IMB), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lena Gunhaga
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny L Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre in Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Jenny L Persson,
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17
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Shahfar H, Du Q, Parupudi A, Shan L, Esfandiary R, Roberts CJ. Electrostatically Driven Protein-Protein Interactions: Quantitative Prediction of Second Osmotic Virial Coefficients to Aid Antibody Design. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1366-1372. [PMID: 35112863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatically driven attractions between proteins can result in issues for therapeutic protein formulations such as solubility limits, aggregation, and high solution viscosity. Previous work showed that a model monoclonal antibody displayed large and potentially problematic electrostatically driven attractions at typical pH (5-8) and ionic strength conditions (∼10-100 mM). Molecular simulations of a hybrid coarse-grained model (1bC/D, one bead per charged site and per domain) were used to predict potential point mutations to identify key charge changes (charge-to-neutral or charge-swap) that could greatly reduce the net attractive protein-protein self-interactions. A series of variants were tested experimentally with static and dynamic light scattering to quantify interactions and compared to model predictions at low and intermediate ionic strength. Differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism confirmed minimal impact on structural or thermal stability of the variants. The model provided quantitative/semiquantitative predictions of protein self-interactions compared to experimental results as well as showed which amino acid pairings or groups had the most impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shahfar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Qun Du
- Department of Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Arun Parupudi
- Department of Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Lu Shan
- Department of Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Reza Esfandiary
- Department of Dosage Form and Design Development, AstraZeneca, 1 MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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18
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Berger J, Roberts CJ, Cristina Marujo Teixeira S. Effects of storage and processing conditions on IgG1 monoclonal antibodies. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Gomes DC, Teixeira SCM, Leão JB, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Rodrigues MA, Roberts CJ. In Situ Monitoring of Protein Unfolding/Structural States under Cold High-Pressure Stress. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4415-4427. [PMID: 34699230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical formulations may be compromised by freezing, which has been attributed to protein conformational changes at a low temperature, and adsorption to ice-liquid interfaces. However, direct measurements of unfolding/conformational changes in sub-0 °C environments are limited because at ambient pressure, freezing of water can occur, which limits the applicability of otherwise commonly used analytical techniques without specifically tailored instrumentation. In this report, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and intrinsic fluorescence (FL) were used to provide in situ analysis of protein tertiary structure/folding at temperatures as low as -15 °C utilizing a high-pressure (HP) environment (up to 3 kbar) that prevents water from freezing. The results show that the α-chymotrypsinogen A (aCgn) structure is reasonably maintained under acidic pH (and corresponding pD) for all conditions of pressure and temperature tested. On the other hand, reversible structural changes and formation of oligomeric species were detected near -10 °C via HP-SANS for ovalbumin under neutral pD conditions. This was found to be related to the proximity of the temperature of cold denaturation of ovalbumin (TCD ∼ -17 °C; calculated via isothermal chemical denaturation and Gibbs-Helmholtz extrapolation) rather than a pressure effect. Significant structural changes were also observed for a monoclonal antibody, anti-streptavidin IgG1 (AS-IgG1), under acidic conditions near -5 °C and a pressure of ∼2 kbar. The conformational perturbation detected for AS-IgG1 is proposed to be consistent with the formation of unfolding intermediates such as molten globule states. Overall, the in situ approaches described here offer a means to characterize the conformational stability of biopharmaceuticals and proteins more generally under cold-temperature stress by the assessment of structural alteration, self-association, and reversibility of each process. This offers an alternative to current ex situ methods that are based on higher temperatures and subsequent extrapolation of the data and interpretations to the cold-temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Susana C M Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States.,NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Juscelino B Leão
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Vladimir I Razinkov
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Miguel A Rodrigues
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
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20
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Callaghan CT, Poore AGB, Hofmann M, Roberts CJ, Pereira HM. Large-bodied birds are over-represented in unstructured citizen science data. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19073. [PMID: 34561517 PMCID: PMC8463711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Citizen science platforms are quickly accumulating hundreds of millions of biodiversity observations around the world annually. Quantifying and correcting for the biases in citizen science datasets remains an important first step before these data are used to address ecological questions and monitor biodiversity. One source of potential bias among datasets is the difference between those citizen science programs that have unstructured protocols and those that have semi-structured or structured protocols for submitting observations. To quantify biases in an unstructured citizen science platform, we contrasted bird observations from the unstructured iNaturalist platform with that from a semi-structured citizen science platform-eBird-for the continental United States. We tested whether four traits of species (body size, commonness, flock size, and color) predicted if a species was under- or over-represented in the unstructured dataset compared with the semi-structured dataset. We found strong evidence that large-bodied birds were over-represented in the unstructured citizen science dataset; moderate evidence that common species were over-represented in the unstructured dataset; strong evidence that species in large groups were over-represented; and no evidence that colorful species were over-represented in unstructured citizen science data. Our results suggest that biases exist in unstructured citizen science data when compared with semi-structured data, likely as a result of the detectability of a species and the inherent recording process. Importantly, in programs like iNaturalist the detectability process is two-fold-first, an individual organism needs to be detected, and second, it needs to be photographed, which is likely easier for many large-bodied species. Our results indicate that caution is warranted when using unstructured citizen science data in ecological modelling, and highlight body size as a fundamental trait that can be used as a covariate for modelling opportunistic species occurrence records, representing the detectability or identifiability in unstructured citizen science datasets. Future research in this space should continue to focus on quantifying and documenting biases in citizen science data, and expand our research by including structured citizen science data to understand how biases differ among unstructured, semi-structured, and structured citizen science platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey T Callaghan
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Max Hofmann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henrique M Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
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21
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Hunter M, Spiller KJ, Dominique MA, Xu H, Hunter FW, Fang TC, Canter RG, Roberts CJ, Ransohoff RM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Microglial transcriptome analysis in the rNLS8 mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy reveals discrete expression profiles associated with neurodegenerative progression and recovery. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:140. [PMID: 34412701 PMCID: PMC8377972 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microglial reaction is a hallmark of neurodegenerative conditions, and elements thereof may exert differential effects on disease progression, either worsening or ameliorating severity. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a syndrome characterized by cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 protein and atrophy of motor neurons in the cortex and spinal cord, the transcriptomic signatures of microglia during disease progression are incompletely understood. Here, we performed longitudinal RNAseq analysis of cortical and spinal cord microglia from rNLS8 mice, in which doxycycline-regulatable expression of human TDP-43 (hTDP-43) in the cytoplasm of neurons recapitulates many features of ALS. Transgene suppression in rNLS8 mice leads to functional, anatomical and electrophysiological resolution that is dependent on a microglial reaction that is concurrent with recovery rather than disease onset. We identified basal differences between the gene expression profiles of microglia dependent on localization in spinal cord or cortex. Microglia subjected to chronic hTDP-43 overexpression demonstrated transcriptomic changes in both locations. We noted strong upregulation of Apoe, Axl, Cd63, Clec7a, Csf1, Cst7, Igf1, Itgax, Lgals3, Lilrb4, Lpl and Spp1 during late disease and recovery. Importantly, we identified a distinct suite of differentially expressed genes associated with each phase of disease progression and recovery. Differentially expressed genes were associated with chemotaxis, phagocytosis, inflammation, and production of neuroprotective factors. These data provide new insights into the microglial reaction in TDP-43 proteinopathy. Genes differentially expressed during progression and recovery may provide insight into a unique instance in which the microglial reaction promotes functional recovery after neuronal insult.
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22
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Meric G, Naik S, Hunter AK, Robinson AS, Roberts CJ. Challenges for design of aggregation-resistant variants of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Biophys Chem 2021; 277:106630. [PMID: 34119805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-native protein aggregation is a long-standing issue in pharmaceutical biotechnology. A rational design approach was used in order to identify variants of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) with lower aggregation propensity at solution conditions that are typical of commercial formulation. The approach used aggregation-prone-region (APR) predictors to select single amino acid substitutions that were predicted to decrease intrinsic aggregation propensity (IAP). The results of static light scattering temperature-ramps and chemical unfolding experiments demonstrated that none of the selected variants exhibited improved aggregation resistance, and the apparent conformational stability of each variant was lower than that of WT. Aggregation studies under partly denaturing conditions suggested that the IAP of at least one variant remained unaltered. Overall, this study highlights a general challenge in designing aggregation resistance for proteins, due to the need to accurately predict both APRs and conformational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Meric
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Subhashchandra Naik
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Alan K Hunter
- Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States.
| | - Anne S Robinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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23
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Shahfar H, Forder JK, Roberts CJ. Toward a Suite of Coarse-Grained Models for Molecular Simulation of Monoclonal Antibodies and Therapeutic Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3574-3588. [PMID: 33821645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of coarse-grained models for molecular simulation of proteins are considered, with emphasis on the application of predicting protein-protein self-interactions for monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). As an illustrative example and for quantitative comparison, the models are used to predict osmotic virial coefficients over a broad range of attractive and repulsive self-interactions and solution conditions for a series of MAbs where the second osmotic virial coefficient has been experimentally determined in prior work. The models are compared based on how well they can predict experimental behavior, their computational burdens, and scalability. An intermediate-resolution model is also introduced that can capture specific electrostatic interactions with improved efficiency and similar or improved accuracy when compared to the previously published models. Guidance is included for the selection of coarse-grained models more generally for capturing a balance of electrostatic, steric, and short-ranged nonelectrostatic interactions for proteins from low to high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Shahfar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - James K Forder
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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24
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Roberts CJ, Hillard CJ. Peripherally restricted cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist, AM6545, potentiates stress-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation via a non-CB1R mechanism. Endocrine 2021; 72:297-300. [PMID: 33216305 PMCID: PMC8528513 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- The Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- The Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
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25
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Pathak JA, Nugent S, Bender MF, Roberts CJ, Curtis RJ, Douglas JF. Comparison of Huggins Coefficients and Osmotic Second Virial Coefficients of Buffered Solutions of Monoclonal Antibodies. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:601. [PMID: 33671342 PMCID: PMC7922252 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Huggins coefficient kH is a well-known metric for quantifying the increase in solution viscosity arising from intermolecular interactions in relatively dilute macromolecular solutions, and there has been much interest in this solution property in connection with developing improved antibody therapeutics. While numerous kH measurements have been reported for select monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) solutions, there has been limited study of kH in terms of the fundamental molecular interactions that determine this property. In this paper, we compare measurements of the osmotic second virial coefficient B22, a common metric of intermolecular and interparticle interaction strength, to measurements of kH for model antibody solutions. This comparison is motivated by the seminal work of Russel for hard sphere particles having a short-range "sticky" interparticle interaction, and we also compare our data with known results for uncharged flexible polymers having variable excluded volume interactions because proteins are polypeptide chains. Our observations indicate that neither the adhesive hard sphere model, a common colloidal model of globular proteins, nor the familiar uncharged flexible polymer model, an excellent model of intrinsically disordered proteins, describes the dependence of kH of these antibodies on B22. Clearly, an improved understanding of protein and ion solvation by water as well as dipole-dipole and charge-dipole effects is required to understand the significance of kH from the standpoint of fundamental protein-protein interactions. Despite shortcomings in our theoretical understanding of kH for antibody solutions, this quantity provides a useful practical measure of the strength of interprotein interactions at elevated protein concentrations that is of direct significance for the development of antibody formulations that minimize the solution viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai A. Pathak
- Vaccine Production Program (VPP), Vaccine Research Center (VRC), Formulation and Stabilization Sciences Department, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9 W. Watkins Mill Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (J.A.P.); (S.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Sean Nugent
- Vaccine Production Program (VPP), Vaccine Research Center (VRC), Formulation and Stabilization Sciences Department, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9 W. Watkins Mill Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (J.A.P.); (S.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Michael F. Bender
- Vaccine Production Program (VPP), Vaccine Research Center (VRC), Formulation and Stabilization Sciences Department, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9 W. Watkins Mill Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; (J.A.P.); (S.N.); (M.B.)
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Colburn Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Robin J. Curtis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8544, USA
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26
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Woldeyes MA, Qi W, Razinkov VI, Furst EM, Roberts CJ. Temperature Dependence of Protein Solution Viscosity and Protein-Protein Interactions: Insights into the Origins of High-Viscosity Protein Solutions. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4473-4482. [PMID: 33170708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein solution viscosity (η) as a function of temperature was measured at a series of protein concentrations under a range of formulation conditions for two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and a globular protein (aCgn). Based on theoretical arguments, a strong temperature dependence for protein-protein interactions (PPI) indicates highly anisotropic, short-ranged attractions that could lead to higher solution viscosities. The semi-empirical Ross-Minton model was used to determine the apparent intrinsic viscosity, shape, and "crowding" factors for each protein as a function of temperature and formulation conditions. The apparent intrinsic viscosity was independent of temperature for aCgn, while a slight decrease with increasing temperature was observed for the MAbs. The temperature dependence of solution viscosity was analyzed using the Andrade-Eyring equation to determine the effective activation energy of viscous flow (Ea,η). While Ea,η values were different for each protein, they were independent of formulation conditions for a given protein. PPI were quantified via the osmotic second virial coefficient (B22) and the protein diffusion interaction parameter (kD) as a function of temperature under the same formulation conditions as the viscosity measurements. Net interactions ranged from strongly attractive to repulsive by changing formulation pH and ionic strength for each protein. Overall, larger activation energies for PPI corresponded to larger activation energies for η, and those were predictive of the highest η values at higher protein concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlet A Woldeyes
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Vladimir I Razinkov
- Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Eric M Furst
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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27
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Wood CV, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Furst EM, Roberts CJ. A Rapid, Small-Volume Approach to Evaluate Protein Aggregation at Air-Water Interfaces. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1083-1092. [PMID: 33271135 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-native protein aggregation is a common concern for biopharmaceuticals. A given protein may aggregate through a variety of mechanisms that depend on solution and physico-chemical stress conditions. A thorough evaluation of aggregation behavior for a protein under all conditions of interest is necessary to ensure drug safety and efficacy. This work introduces a rapid, small-volume approach to evaluate protein aggregation propensity upon exposure to air-water interfaces (AWI). A microtensiometer apparatus is used to aerate a small volume of a protein solution with microbubbles for short periods of time (≤10 s). Sub-visible particles that form are captured and analyzed using backgrounded membrane imaging. This allows one to capture all particles in the solution while being sample sparing. The surface-mediated aggregation of two model monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and a globular protein (aCgn) was tested as a function of pH and temperature. Temperature had a negligible effect under the rapid interface turnover time scales with this technique. Electrostatic protein-protein interactions, mediated by pH changes, were more influential for particle formation via AWI. Nonionic surfactants substantially reduced particle formation for all MAb solutions, but not aCgn. The results are contrasted with expectations when exposing samples to much larger air-water interfacial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin V Wood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Wei Qi
- Drug Product Development, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA
| | - Eric M Furst
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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28
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Aksoy O, Pencik J, Hartenbach M, Moazzami AA, Schlederer M, Balber T, Varady A, Philippe C, Baltzer PA, Mazumder B, Whitchurch JB, Roberts CJ, Haitel A, Herac M, Susani M, Mitterhauser M, Marculescu R, Stangl-Kremser J, Hassler MR, Kramer G, Shariat SF, Turner SD, Tichy B, Oppelt J, Pospisilova S, Hartenbach S, Tangermann S, Egger G, Neubauer HA, Moriggl R, Culig Z, Greiner G, Hoermann G, Hacker M, Heery DM, Merkel O, Kenner L. Thyroid and androgen receptor signaling are antagonized by μ-Crystallin in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:731-747. [PMID: 33034050 PMCID: PMC7756625 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a key approach in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa inevitably relapses and becomes ADT resistant. Besides androgens, there is evidence that thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and its active form 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) are involved in the progression of PCa. Epidemiologic evidences show a higher incidence of PCa in men with elevated thyroid hormone levels. The thyroid hormone binding protein μ-Crystallin (CRYM) mediates intracellular thyroid hormone action by sequestering T3 and blocks its binding to cognate receptors (TRα/TRβ) in target tissues. We show in our study that low CRYM expression levels in PCa patients are associated with early biochemical recurrence and poor prognosis. Moreover, we found a disease stage-specific expression of CRYM in PCa. CRYM counteracted thyroid and androgen signaling and blocked intracellular choline uptake. CRYM inversely correlated with [18F]fluoromethylcholine (FMC) levels in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of PCa patients. Our data suggest CRYM as a novel antagonist of T3- and androgen-mediated signaling in PCa. The role of CRYM could therefore be an essential control mechanism for the prevention of aggressive PCa growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Aksoy
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pencik
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria.,Present address: Jan Pencik, Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Markus Hartenbach
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali A Moazzami
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Theresa Balber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria.,Department for Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adam Varady
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascal A Baltzer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bismoy Mazumder
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Andrea Haitel
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Merima Herac
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Susani
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Gero Kramer
- Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Departments of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Tichy
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sabrina Hartenbach
- Histo Consulting Inc., Ulm, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Rudolfinerhaus Privatklinik Gmbh, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Tangermann
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoran Culig
- Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria.,Unit for Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Paik B, Calero-Rubio C, Lee JY, Jia X, Kiick KL, Roberts CJ. Characterizing aggregate growth and morphology of alanine-rich polypeptides as a function of sequence chemistry and solution temperature from scattering, spectroscopy, and microscopy. Biophys Chem 2020; 267:106481. [PMID: 33035751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aggregation behavior and stability of a series of alanine-rich peptides, which are included as components of peptide-polymer conjugates, were characterized using a combination of biophysical techniques. Light scattering techniques were used to monitor changes in peptide morphology and size distributions as a function of time and temperature. The results show large particles immediately upon dissolution in buffer. At room temperature, these particles relaxed to reach a mostly monomeric peptide state, while at higher temperatures, they grew to form aggregates. Circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) was used to monitor temperature- and time-dependent conformational changes as a function of peptide sequence and incubation time. CD measurements reveal that all of the sequences are helical at low temperatures with transitions to non-helical conformation with increased temperature. Samples incubated at room temperature were able to recover their original helicity. At increased temperature, the shorter and longer peptide sequences showed notable changes in conformation, and were not able to recover their original helicity after 72 h. After incubation for up to one week, β-sheet conformations were observed in these two cases, while only α-helical conformation loss was observed for the peptide of intermediate molecular weight. Transmission electron microscopy measurements reveal the formation of fibrils after 72 h of incubation at 60 °C for all samples, in agreement with the scattering measurements. Additional quenching experiments show that peptide aggregation can be stalled when solutions are cooled to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford Paik
- Department of Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Jee Young Lee
- Department of Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Material Science & Engineering Department, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America.
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America.
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30
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Papachristodoulou M, Doutch J, Leung HSB, Church A, Charleston T, Clifton LA, Butler PD, Roberts CJ, Bracewell DG. In situ neutron scattering of antibody adsorption during protein A chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1617:460842. [PMID: 31928770 PMCID: PMC10986645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the nanoscale and mesoscale structure of chromatographic adsorbents and the distribution of proteins within the media, is critical to a mechanistic understanding of separation processes using these materials. Characterisation of the media's architecture at this scale and protein adsorption within, is challenging using conventional techniques. In this study, we propose a novel resin characterisation technique that enables in-situ measurement of the structure of the adsorbed protein layer within the resin, under typical chromatographic conditions. A quartz flow-through cell was designed and fabricated for use with Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), in order to measure the nanoscale to mesoscale structures of a silica based protein A chromatography resin during the monoclonal antibody sorption process. We were able to examine the pore-to-pore (˜133 nm) and pore size (˜63 nm) correlations of the resin and the in-plane adsorbed antibody molecules (˜ 4.2 nm) correlation at different protein loadings and washing buffers, in real time using a contrast matching approach. When 0.03 M sodium phosphate with 1 M urea and 10 % isopropanol buffer, pH 8, was introduced into the system as a wash buffer, it disrupted the system's order by causing partial unfolding of the adsorbed antibody, as evidenced by a loss of the in-plane protein correlation. This method offers new ways to investigate the nanoscale structure and ligand immobilisation within chromatography resins; and perhaps most importantly understand the in-situ behaviour of adsorbed proteins within the media under different mobile phase conditions within a sample environment replicating that of a chromatography column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papachristodoulou
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Hoi Sang Beatrice Leung
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andy Church
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Thomas Charleston
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Paul D Butler
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Daniel G Bracewell
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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31
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Wood CV, McEvoy S, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Furst EM, Roberts CJ. Kinetics and Competing Mechanisms of Antibody Aggregation via Bulk- and Surface-Mediated Pathways. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1449-1459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Ferreira GM, Shahfar H, Sathish HA, Remmele RL, Roberts CJ. Identifying Key Residues That Drive Strong Electrostatic Attractions between Therapeutic Antibodies. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10642-10653. [PMID: 31739660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Attractive electrostatic protein-protein interactions (PPI) necessarily involve identifying oppositely charged regions of the protein surface that interact favorably. This cannot be done reliably if one only considers a single protein in isolation unless there are obvious charge "patches" that result in extreme molecular dipoles. Prior work [ J. Pharm. Sci. 2019 , 108 , 120 - 132 ] identified three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that displayed experimental behavior ranging from net repulsive to strongly attractive electrostatic interactions. The present work provides a systematic computational approach for identifying the origin of diverse PPI, in terms of which sets of amino acids or individual amino acids are most influential, and determining if there are different patterns of pairwise amino acid interaction "maps" that result in different behaviors. The charge was eliminated computationally, one by one, for each charged residue in the wild-type sequences, which resulted in predicted changes in the second osmotic virial coefficient. The results highlight interaction "maps" that correspond to cases with qualitatively different net electrostatic PPI for the different MAbs and solution conditions, as well as key sets of residues that contribute to strongly attractive PPI. A more computationally efficient method is also proposed to identify key amino acids based on Mayer-weighted interaction energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn M Ferreira
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Hassan Shahfar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | | | | | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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33
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Kucera BE, Roberts CJ, Young VG, Brennessel WW, Ellis JE. Niobium isocyanide complexes, Nb(CNAr) 6, with Ar = 2,6-dimethylphenyl (Xyl), a diamagnetic dimer containing four reductively coupled isocyanides, and Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dipp), a paramagnetic monomer analogous to the highly unstable hexacarbonylniobium(0). Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2019; 75:1259-1265. [PMID: 31484814 DOI: 10.1107/s205322961901101x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of bis(mesitylene)niobium(0) with 6-7 equivalents of 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (CNXyl) affords two products with the empirical formula Nb(CNXyl)n (n = 7 or 6), which have been shown to be the diamagnetic dimers bis[μ-N,N',N'',N'''-tetrakis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)squaramidinato(2-)]bis[pentakis(2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide)niobium(I)], [Nb2(C9H9N)10(C36H36N4)] or [Nb(CNXyl)5]2[μ-C4(NXyl)4]·xSolvent, 1, and bis[μ-N,N',N'',N'''-tetrakis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)squaramidinato(2-)]bis[tetrakis(2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide)niobium(I)] tetrahydrofuran trisolvate, [Nb2(C9H9N)8(C36H36N4)]·3C4H8O or [Nb(CNXyl)4]2[μ-C4(NXyl)4]·3THF (THF = tetrahydrofuran), 2. Each contains NbI bound to either five or four terminal isocyanides, respectively, and to an unprecedented bridging tetraarylsquaramidinate(2-) unit, coordinated as a bidentate ligand to each niobium center, symmetrically due to the crystallographic inversion center that coincides with the centroid of the central C4 unit. Thus, in the presence of CNXyl, the bis(mesitylene)niobium(0) is oxidized to niobium(I), resulting in the facile loss of both mesitylene groups and the reductive coupling of two CNXyl groups per niobium to provide the first examples of tetraarylsquaramidinate(2-) ligands, [cyclo-C4N4Ar4]2-, coordinated to metals. In contrast, bis(mesitylene)niobium(0) reacts with the more crowded 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanide (CNDipp) to afford the paramagnetic monomer hexakis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanide)niobium(0), [Nb(C13H17N)6] or Nb(CNDipp)6, 3, the first zero-valent niobium isocyanide analog of the highly unstable Nb(CO)6, which is presently only known to exist in an argon matrix at 4.2 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E Kucera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Victor G Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - John E Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Liu X, Lauer KK, Ward BD, Roberts CJ, Liu S, Gollapudy S, Rohloff R, Gross W, Xu Z, Chen S, Wang L, Yang Z, Li SJ, Binder JR, Hudetz AG. Regional entropy of functional imaging signals varies differently in sensory and cognitive systems during propofol-modulated loss and return of behavioral responsiveness. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:514-525. [PMID: 29737490 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The level and richness of consciousness depend on information integration in the brain. Altered interregional functional interactions may indicate disrupted information integration during anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. How anesthetics modulate the amount of information in various brain regions has received less attention. Here, we propose a novel approach to quantify regional information content in the brain by the entropy of the principal components of regional blood oxygen-dependent imaging signals during graded propofol sedation. Fifteen healthy individuals underwent resting-state scans in wakeful baseline, light sedation (conscious), deep sedation (unconscious), and recovery (conscious). Light sedation characterized by lethargic behavioral responses was associated with global reduction of entropy in the brain. Deep sedation with completely suppressed overt responsiveness was associated with further reductions of entropy in sensory (primary and higher sensory plus orbital prefrontal cortices) but not high-order cognitive (dorsal and medial prefrontal, cingulate, parietotemporal cortices and hippocampal areas) systems. Upon recovery of responsiveness, entropy was restored in the sensory but not in high-order cognitive systems. These findings provide novel evidence for a reduction of information content of the brain as a potential systems-level mechanism of reduced consciousness during propofol anesthesia. The differential changes of entropy in the sensory and high-order cognitive systems associated with losing and regaining overt responsiveness are consistent with the notion of "disconnected consciousness", in which a complete sensory-motor disconnection from the environment occurs with preserved internal mentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Center for Imaging Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Kathryn K Lauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - B Douglas Ward
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Suyan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Suneeta Gollapudy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Robert Rohloff
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - William Gross
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lubin Wang
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Jiang Li
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anthony G Hudetz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan, 1301 East Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Calero-Rubio C, Saluja A, Sahin E, Roberts CJ. Predicting High-Concentration Interactions of Monoclonal Antibody Solutions: Comparison of Theoretical Approaches for Strongly Attractive Versus Repulsive Conditions. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5709-5720. [PMID: 31241333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonspecific protein-protein interactions of a monoclonal antibody were quantified experimentally using light scattering from low to high protein concentrations (c2) and compared with prior work for a different antibody that yielded qualitatively different behavior. The c2 dependence of the excess Rayleigh ratio (Rex) provided the osmotic second virial coefficient (B22) at low c2 and the static structure factor (Sq=0) at high c2, as a function of solution pH, total ionic strength (TIS), and sucrose concentration. Net repulsive interactions were observed at pH 5, with weaker repulsions at higher TIS. Conversely, attractive electrostatic interactions were observed at pH 6.5, with weaker attractions at higher TIS. Refined coarse-grained models were used to fit model parameters using experimental B22 versus TIS data. The parameters were used to predict high-c2 Rex values via Monte Carlo simulations and separately with Mayer-sampling calculations of higher-order virial coefficients. For both methods, predictions for repulsive to mildly attractive conditions were quantitatively accurate. However, only qualitatively accurate predictions were practical for strongly attractive conditions. An alternative, higher resolution model was used to show semiquantitatively and quantitatively accurate predictions of strong electrostatic attractions at low c2 and low ionic strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Atul Saluja
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Erinc Sahin
- Drug Product Science and Technology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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Ferreira GM, Calero-Rubio C, Sathish HA, Remmele RL, Roberts CJ. Electrostatically Mediated Protein-Protein Interactions for Monoclonal Antibodies: A Combined Experimental and Coarse-Grained Molecular Modeling Approach. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:120-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Woldeyes MA, Qi W, Razinkov VI, Furst EM, Roberts CJ. How Well Do Low- and High-Concentration Protein Interactions Predict Solution Viscosities of Monoclonal Antibodies? J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:142-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Amidon GE, Anderson BD, Balthasar JP, Bergstrom CAS, Huang SM, Kasting G, Kesisoglou F, Khinast JG, Mager DE, Roberts CJ, Yu L. Fifty-Eight Years and Counting: High-Impact Publishing in Computational Pharmaceutical Sciences and Mechanism-Based Modeling. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:2-7. [PMID: 30423338 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With this issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, we celebrate the nearly 6 decades of contributions to mechanistic-based modeling and computational pharmaceutical sciences. Along with its predecessor, The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association: Scientific Edition first published in 1911, JPharmSci has been a leader in the advancement of pharmaceutical sciences beginning with its inaugural edition in 1961. As one of the first scientific journals focusing on pharmaceutical sciences, JPharmSci has established a reputation for publishing high-quality research articles using computational methods and mechanism-based modeling. The journal's publication record is remarkable. With over 15,000 articles, 3000 notes, and more than 650 reviews from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies around the world, JPharmSci has truly been the leader in advancing pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph P Balthasar
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | | | - Shiew-Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | | | | | - Johannes G Khinast
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Donald E Mager
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | | | - Lian Yu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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39
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Wang W, Roberts CJ. Protein aggregation – Mechanisms, detection, and control. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:251-268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Woldeyes MA, Josephson LL, Leiske DL, Galush WJ, Roberts CJ, Furst EM. Viscosities and Protein Interactions of Bispecific Antibodies and Their Monospecific Mixtures. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4745-4755. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahlet A. Woldeyes
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Lilian L. Josephson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Danielle L. Leiske
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William J. Galush
- Early Stage Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech Inc., A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Eric M. Furst
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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41
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Shalaev E, Soper A, Zeitler JA, Ohtake S, Roberts CJ, Pikal MJ, Wu K, Boldyreva E. Freezing of Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Stability of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals: Water Clusters Hypothesis. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:36-49. [PMID: 30055227 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mobility has been traditionally invoked to explain physical and chemical stability of diverse pharmaceutical systems. Although the molecular mobility concept has been credited with creating a scientific basis for stabilization of amorphous pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, it has become increasingly clear that this approach represents only a partial description of the underlying fundamental principles. An additional mechanism is proposed herein to address 2 key questions: (1) the existence of unfrozen water (i.e., partial or complete freezing inhibition) in aqueous solutions at subzero temperatures and (2) the role of water in the chemical stability of amorphous pharmaceuticals. These apparently distant phenomena are linked via the concept of water clusters. In particular, freezing inhibition is associated with the confinement of water clusters in a solidified matrix of an amorphous solute, with nanoscaled water clusters being observed in aqueous glasses using wide-angle neutron scattering. The chemical instability is suggested to be directly related to the catalysis of proton transfer by water clusters, considering that proton transfer is the key elementary reaction in many chemical processes, including such common reactions as hydrolysis and deamidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenyi Shalaev
- Pharmaceutical Development, Allergan plc., Irvine, California 92612.
| | - Alan Soper
- ISIS Facility, UKRI-STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxon OX11 OQX, UK
| | - J Axel Zeitler
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Satoshi Ohtake
- Pfizer BioTherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chesterfield, Missouri 63198
| | | | - Michael J Pikal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Ke Wu
- Pharmaceutical Development, Allergan plc., Irvine, California 92612
| | - Elena Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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42
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Yang D, Correia JJ, Stafford III WF, Roberts CJ, Singh S, Hayes D, Kroe‐Barrett R, Nixon A, Laue TM. Weak IgG self- and hetero-association characterized by fluorescence analytical ultracentrifugation. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1334-1348. [PMID: 29637644 PMCID: PMC6032368 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Weak protein-protein interactions may be important to binding cooperativity. A panel of seven fluorescently labeled tracer monoclonal IgG antibodies, differing in variable (V) and constant (C) region sequences, were sedimented in increasing concentrations of unlabeled IgGs of identical, similar, and different backgrounds. Weak IgG::IgG attractive interactions were detected and characterized by global analysis of the hydrodynamic nonideality coefficient, ks . The effects of salt concentration and temperature on ks suggest the interactions are predominantly enthalpic in origin. The interactions were found to be variable in strength, affected by both the variable and constant regions, but indiscriminate with respect to IgG subclass. Furthermore, weak attractive interactions were observed for all the mAbs with freshly purified human poly-IgG. The universality of the weak interactions suggest that they may contribute to effector function cooperativity in the normal immune response, and we postulate that the generality of the interactions allows for a broader range of epitope spacing for complement activation. These studies demonstrate the utility of analytical ultracentrifuge fluorescence detection in measuring weak protein-protein interactions. It also shows the strength of global analysis of sedimentation velocity data by SEDANAL to extract hydrodynamic nonideality ks to characterize weak macromolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlin Yang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticut06877
| | - John J. Correia
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippi39216
| | | | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware19716
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, LLCSpring HousePennsylvania19477
| | - David Hayes
- Biotherapeutics Discovery ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticut06877
| | - Rachel Kroe‐Barrett
- Biotherapeutics Discovery ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticut06877
| | - Andrew Nixon
- Biotherapeutics Discovery ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.RidgefieldConnecticut06877
| | - Thomas M. Laue
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew Hampshire03861
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Gomes D, Kalman RK, Pagels RK, Rodrigues MA, Roberts CJ. Parallel chromatography and in situ scattering to interrogate competing protein aggregation pathways. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1325-1333. [PMID: 29717515 PMCID: PMC6032348 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation can follow different pathways, and these can result in different net aggregation rates and kinetic profiles. α-chymotypsinogen A (aCgn) was used as a model system to quantitatively and qualitatively assess an approach that combines ex situ size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with in situ laser scattering (LS) to monitor aggregation vs. time. Aggregation was monitored for a series of temperatures and initial dimer (ID) levels for starting conditions that were primarily (> 97%) monomer, and under initial-rate conditions (limited to low monomer conversion-less than 20% monomer mass loss), as these conditions are of most to interest to many pharmaceutical and biotechnology applications. SEC results show that modest decreases of ID levels can greatly reduce monomer loss rates, but do not affect the effective activation energy for aggregation. The normalized aggregation rates determined from LS were typically ∼ 1 order of magnitude higher than the corresponding rates from SEC. Furthermore, LS signals vs. time became variable and highly nonlinear with decreasing ID level, temperature, and/or total protein concentration. Temperature-cycling LS experiments showed this corresponded to conditions where dimer/oligomer "seeding" was suppressed, and high levels of reversible oligomers ("prenuclei") were formed prior to "nucleation" and growth of stable aggregates. In those conditions, aggregation rates inferred from LS and SEC are greatly different, as the techniques monitor different stages of the aggregation process. Overall, the results illustrate an approach for interrogating non-native protein aggregation pathways, and potential pitfalls if one relies on a single method to monitor aggregation-this holds more generally than the particular methods here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomes
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Department of Chemical EngineeringInstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Rebecca K. Kalman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
| | - Rebecca K. Pagels
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDelaware
| | - Miguel A. Rodrigues
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Department of Chemical EngineeringInstituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
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Kupeli N, Schmidt UH, Campbell IC, Chilcot J, Roberts CJ, Troop NA. The impact of an emotionally expressive writing intervention on eating pathology in female students. Health Psychol Behav Med 2018; 6:162-179. [PMID: 30009092 PMCID: PMC6030678 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2018.1491797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Previous research demonstrating emotional influences on eating and weight suggest that emotionally expressive writing may have a significant impact on reducing risk of eating pathology. This study examined the effects of writing about Intensely Positive Experiences on weight and disordered eating during a naturalistic stressor. Method: Seventy-one female students completed an expressive or a control writing task before a period of exams. Both groups were compared on BMI (kg/m2) and the Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire (EDE-Q) before the writing task and at 8-week follow-up. A number of secondary analyses were also examined (to identify potential mediators) including measures of attachment, social rank, self-criticism and self-reassurance, stress and mood. Results: There was a significant effect of intervention on changes in the subscales of the EDE-Q (p = .03). Specifically, expressive writers significantly reduced their dietary restraint while those in the control group did not. There was no significant effect of the intervention on changes in BMI or the other subscales of the EDE-Q (Eating, Weight and Shape Concern). There was also no effect of writing on any of the potential mediators in the secondary analyses. Discussion: Emotionally expressive writing may reduce the risk of dietary restraint in women but these findings should be accepted with caution. It is a simple and light touch intervention that has the potential to be widely applied. However, it remains for future research to replicate these results and to identify the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kupeli
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Department, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - U H Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - I C Campbell
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Chilcot
- Health Psychology Section, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - C J Roberts
- School of Health and Social Science, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - N A Troop
- Department of Psychology and Sport Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
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O'Brien CJ, Calero-Rubio C, Razinkov VI, Robinson AS, Roberts CJ. Biophysical characterization and molecular simulation of electrostatically driven self-association of a single-chain antibody. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1275-1285. [PMID: 29637646 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal protein-protein interactions (PPI) are often expected to impact key behaviors of proteins in solution, such as aggregation rates and mechanisms, aggregate structure, protein solubility, and solution viscosity. PPI of an anti-fluorescein single chain antibody variable fragment (scFv) were characterized experimentally at low to intermediate ionic strength using a combination of static light scattering and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation. Surprisingly, the results indicated that interactions were strongly net-attractive and electrostatics promoted self-association. Only repulsive interactions were expected based on prior work and calculations based a homology model of a related scFv crystal structure. However, the crystal structure lacks the charged, net-neutral linker sequence. PyRosetta was used to generate a set of scFv structures with different linker conformations, and coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the effect of different linker configurations via second osmotic virial coefficient (B22 ) simulations. The results show that the configuration of the linker has a significant effect on the calculated B22 values, and can result in strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged residues on the protein surface. This is particularly relevant for development of non-natural antibody products, where charged linkers and other loop regions may be prevalent. The results also provide a preliminary computational framework to evaluate the effect of unstructured linkers on experimental protein-protein interaction parameters such as B22 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | - Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
| | | | - Anne S Robinson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Los Angeles, 70118
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716
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46
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Liu X, Lauer KK, Ward BD, Roberts CJ, Liu S, Gollapudy S, Rohloff R, Gross W, Xu Z, Chen G, Binder JR, Li SJ, Hudetz AG. Fine-Grained Parcellation of Brain Connectivity Improves Differentiation of States of Consciousness During Graded Propofol Sedation. Brain Connect 2018; 7:373-381. [PMID: 28540741 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2016.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conscious perception relies on interactions between spatially and functionally distinct modules of the brain at various spatiotemporal scales. These interactions are altered by anesthesia, an intervention that leads to fading consciousness. Relatively little is known about brain functional connectivity and its anesthetic modulation at a fine spatial scale. Here, we used functional imaging to examine propofol-induced changes in functional connectivity in brain networks defined at a fine-grained parcellation based on a combination of anatomical and functional features. Fifteen healthy volunteers underwent resting-state functional imaging in wakeful baseline, mild sedation, deep sedation, and recovery of consciousness. Compared with wakeful baseline, propofol produced widespread, dose-dependent functional connectivity changes that scaled with the extent to which consciousness was altered. The dominant changes in connectivity were associated with the frontal lobes. By examining node pairs that demonstrated a trend of functional connectivity change between wakefulness and deep sedation, quadratic discriminant analysis differentiated the states of consciousness in individual participants more accurately at a fine-grained parcellation (e.g., 2000 nodes) than at a coarse-grained parcellation (e.g., 116 anatomical nodes). Our study suggests that defining brain networks at a high granularity may provide a superior imaging-based distinction of the graded effect of anesthesia on consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- 1 Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kathryn K Lauer
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - B Douglas Ward
- 3 Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Suyan Liu
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Suneeta Gollapudy
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert Rohloff
- 4 Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - William Gross
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Zhan Xu
- 3 Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Guangyu Chen
- 3 Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- 4 Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shi-Jiang Li
- 3 Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Anthony G Hudetz
- 5 Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Consciousness Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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47
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Abstract
This paper takes as an example of the cycle of evaluation the work of the Royal College of Radiologists in connection with the more effective use of preoperative chest X-ray. The work covers a six year period beginning with an observation of practice on a national sample in 1976, progressing to the comparison of existing practice with expectations in 1978. This was followed by the development of guidelines of practice which were disseminated informally, and formally through scientific papers and meetings from 1979. In 1981, practice was again observed in a pilot area to ascertain if the proposed guidelines had produced the desired affect. The results of this second review showed that the intentions of the guidelines had been achieved successfully, i.e. substantial reduction in utilization with considerable potential financial saving without any decrease in the original effectiveness or safety of the intervention. Thus this example shows the closing of the evaluation loop and the successful implementation of change.
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48
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Woehlck HJ, Gollapudy S, Roberts CJ, Oni-Orisan A, Sacho RH, Pagel PS. Persistent Hypotension and Cerebral Swelling Resulting From Mesenteric Traction Syndrome After Omental-to-Pial Pedicle Flap Transfer in a Young Woman With Refractory Moyamoya Disease: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:169-171. [PMID: 28520567 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000000557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Superficial temporal arterial to middle cerebral arterial anastomosis is often the initial surgical treatment of Moyamoya disease. In refractory cases, placing a pedicle flap of omentum over the ischemic brain has resulted in clinical improvement or stabilization of symptoms. We present a case of persistent mesenteric traction syndrome manifested by hypotension unresponsive to conventional doses of vasopressors during and after pulling the omentum to the brain. As prostacyclin is a major mediator of hypotension from mesenteric traction syndrome and also a cerebral vasodilator, we discuss the possibility that brain swelling may be a manifestation of mesenteric traction syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey J Woehlck
- From the Departments of *Anesthesiology and †Neurosurgery, the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and ‡Anesthesia Service, the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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49
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Spiller KJ, Restrepo CR, Khan T, Dominique MA, Fang TC, Canter RG, Roberts CJ, Miller KR, Ransohoff RM, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY. Microglia-mediated recovery from ALS-relevant motor neuron degeneration in a mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:329-340. [PMID: 29463850 PMCID: PMC5857237 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though motor neurons (MNs) selectively degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), other cell types are likely involved in this disease. We recently generated rNLS8 mice in which human TDP-43 (hTDP-43) pathology could be reversibly induced in neurons and expected microglia would contribute to neurodegeneration. However, only subtle microglial changes were detected during disease in the spinal cord, despite progressive MN loss, but microglia still reacted to inflammatory triggers in these mice. Notably, after the hTDP-43 expression was suppressed, microglia dramatically proliferated and changed their morphology and gene expression profiles. These abundant, reactive microglia selectively cleared neuronal hTDP-43. Finally, when microgliosis was blocked during the early recovery phase using PLX3397, a CSF1R/c-kit inhibitor, rNLS8 mice failed to regain full motor function, revealing an important neuroprotective role for microglia. Therefore, reactive microglia exert neuroprotective functions in this ALS model and definition of the underlying mechanism could point towards novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista J Spiller
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Clark R Restrepo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tahiyana Khan
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Myrna A Dominique
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelly R Miller
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Institute on Aging, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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50
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Calero-Rubio C, Ghosh R, Saluja A, Roberts CJ. Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions of Concentrated Antibody Solutions Using Dilute Solution Data and Coarse-Grained Molecular Models. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:1269-1281. [PMID: 29274822 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions for solutions of an IgG1 molecule were quantified using static light scattering (SLS) measurements from low to high protein concentrations (c2). SLS was used to determine second osmotic virial coefficients (B22) at low c2, and excess Rayleigh profiles (Rex/K vs. c2) and zero-q structure factors (Sq=0) as a function of c2 at higher c2 for a series of conditions (pH, sucrose concentration, and total ionic strength [TIS]). Repulsive (attractive) interactions were observed at low TIS (high TIS) for pH 5 and 6.5, with increasing repulsions when 5% w/w sucrose was also present. Previously developed and refined coarse-grained antibody models were used to fit model parameters from B22 versus TIS data. The resulting parameters from low-c2 conditions were used as the sole input to multiprotein Monte Carlo simulations to predict high-c2Rex/K and Sq=0 behavior up to 150 g/L. Experimental results at high-c2 conditions were quantitatively predicted by the simulations for the coarse-grained models that treated antibody molecules as either 6 or 12 (sub) domains, which preserved the basic shape of a monoclonal antibody. Finally, preferential accumulation of sucrose around the protein surface was identified via high-precision density measurements, which self-consistently explained the simulation and experimental SLS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Calero-Rubio
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Ranendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Atul Saluja
- Department of Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
| | - Christopher J Roberts
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716.
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