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Mudumbi S, Owens L, Schneider CL, Frailley SA, Arrowsmith J, Waddell P, Vanatta K, Bilbrey LE, Murphy KL, Blakely LJ, Schleicher SM, Dickson NR. Provider-led advance care planning in community oncology: A successful multidisciplinary quality improvement intervention. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
209 Background: Advanced care planning (ACP) is an important aspect of shared decision making in cancer treatment. Due to its importance, in 2016, Medicare expanded coverage and reimbursement for advance care planning (ACP) services (CPT codes 99497 and 99498). Despite this, ACP has been underutilized in practice. Methods: Tennessee Oncology aimed to increase knowledge and utilization of this service by medical oncologists and advance practice providers and corresponding CPT codes through an educational and quality improvement project. We formed a multidisciplinary team with individuals representing medical oncology providers, palliative care team, billing and accounting, information technology and informatics, nursing, navigation team, and operations. This team created an educational video, incorporating the “PAUSE” framework for addressing advance care planning and its role in community oncology, and details of documentation and billing. We also built in documentation templates into the medical oncology note and created a process to automate the charge capture to avoid additional steps for oncology providers. Results: Prior to this initiative, there was no baseline method to measure ACP and corresponding documentation. After two months of launching our educational video and new documentation templates, 120 documented ACP discussions were completed. ACP documentation was performed by 61 total providers practicing across 16 clinics. Providers completing documentation included both medical oncology (n = 53, 86%) and palliative care (n = 8). Of medical oncology providers, 39 (73%) were physicians and 14 (27%) were advanced practice providers. The three most common cancer diagnoses in ACP encounters were lung (20%), breast (13%), and prostate (8%). Conclusions: This combination of education and automation with multidisciplinary team input helped establish a baseline for ACP measurement that will help identify gaps and improve ACP discussions and documentation in our practice going forward.
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Lochmatter C, Schneider CL, Ingram K, Keiser J, Schifferli JA. Schistosoma mansoni tetraspanning orphan receptor (SmTOR): a new vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 170:342-57. [PMID: 23121675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to fight against schistosomiasis is to develop an efficient vaccine. Schistosoma mansoni tetraspanning orphan receptor (SmTOR) might be a vaccine candidate, as it is a tegument membrane protein expressed most highly in cercariae. In this study we characterized the recombinant first extracellular domain of SmTOR (rSmTORed1) as having the expected property to bind C2 of complement similarly to a smaller peptide of the same domain, and to produce specific and high-titre antibodies in BALB/c mice immunized using complete Freund's adjuvant/incomplete Freund's adjuvant (CFA/IFA). Immunization was protective against parasite infection, as demonstrated by a significant decrease in worm burden in immunized BALB/c mice versus the control groups over two independent trials [64 and 45% reduction for mean adult worm burden in immunized versus phosphate-bufferd saline (PBS) injected mice]. Interestingly, infection by itself did not lead to the generation of anti-rSmTORed1 antibodies, corresponding to the low frequency of specific anti-rSmTORed1 antibodies detected in the sera of patients infected with S. mansoni (2/20; 10%). These data suggest that, as opposed to the natural infection during which SmTOR induces antibodies only rarely, immunization with its smaller first extracellular domain might be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lochmatter
- Immunonephrology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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LaCount DJ, Hanson SF, Schneider CL, Friesen PD. Caspase inhibitor P35 and inhibitor of apoptosis Op-IAP block in vivo proteolytic activation of an effector caspase at different steps. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:15657-64. [PMID: 10747956 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m000791200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal-induced activation of caspases, the critical protease effectors of apoptosis, requires proteolytic processing of their inactive proenzymes. Consequently, regulation of procaspase processing is critical to apoptotic execution. We report here that baculovirus pancaspase inhibitor P35 and inhibitor of apoptosis Op-IAP prevent caspase activation in vivo, but at different steps. By monitoring proteolytic processing of endogenous Sf-caspase-1, an insect group II effector caspase, we show that Op-IAP blocked the first activation cleavage at TETD downward arrowG between the large and small caspase subunits. In contrast, P35 failed to affect this cleavage, but functioned downstream to block maturation cleavages (DXXD downward arrow(G/A)) of the large subunit. Substitution of P35's reactive site residues with TETDG failed to increase its effectiveness for blocking TETD downward arrowG processing of pro-Sf-caspase-1, despite wild-type function for suppressing apoptosis. These data are consistent with the involvement of a novel initiator caspase that is resistant to P35, but directly or indirectly inhibitable by Op-IAP. The conservation of TETD downward arrowG processing sites among insect effector caspases, including Drosophila drICE and DCP-1, suggests that in vivo activation of these group II caspases involves a P35-insensitive caspase and supports a model wherein apical and effector caspases function through a proteolytic cascade to execute apoptosis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J LaCount
- Department of Biochemistry and the Institute for Molecular Virology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences and Graduate School, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Schneider CL, Cowles RL, Stuefer-Powell CL, Carr TP. Dietary stearic acid reduces cholesterol absorption and increases endogenous cholesterol excretion in hamsters fed cereal-based diets. J Nutr 2000; 130:1232-8. [PMID: 10801924 DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.5.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that dietary stearic acid does not raise plasma cholesterol concentration is well documented, although the regulating mechanisms are not completely understood. Therefore, we examined the effect of dietary stearic acid on cholesterol absorption and sterol balance using male Syrian hamsters fed modified NIH-07 cereal-based diets selectively enriched in palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), trans fatty acid (18:1t), cis oleic acid (18:1c) or linoleic acid (18:2). All diets contained 17 g/100 g total fat and 0.05 g/100 g cholesterol; the five fat blends were enriched 30% with the fatty acid of interest above a constant fatty acid background. Cholesterol absorption efficiency was 50-55% in all treatment groups except for the 18:0 group, in which cholesterol absorption was significantly reduced to 21%. Plasma total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the 18:0 group compared to the 16:0 group. Fecal neutral steroid excretion was significantly greater in hamsters fed the high 18:0 diet compared to the other treatment groups. After accounting for unabsorbed dietary cholesterol, endogenous cholesterol excretion was about 100% higher in the 18:0 group. Consequently, the calculated rate of whole body cholesterol synthesis was significantly increased by dietary 18:0. Bile acid excretion accounted for only 12-20% of total sterol output by the hamsters in this study. Thus, the data suggest that reduced plasma cholesterol concentration in hamsters fed high 18:0 diets may be influenced by reduced cholesterol absorption and increased excretion of endogenous cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Schneider
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA
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Carr TP, Cai G, Lee JY, Schneider CL. Cholesteryl ester enrichment of plasma low-density lipoproteins in hamsters fed cereal-based diets containing cholesterol. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 2000; 223:96-101. [PMID: 10632967 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1373.2000.22313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Male Syrian hamsters were fed 0.02, 0.03, or 0.05% cholesterol to test the hypothesis that moderate cholesterol intake increases the cholesteryl ester content of the plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Dietary cholesterol levels of 0.02%-0.05% were chosen to reflect typical human intakes of cholesterol. Hamsters were fed ad libitum a cereal-based diet (modified NIH-07 open formula) for 15 weeks. Increasing dietary cholesterol from 0.02% to 0.05% resulted in significantly increased plasma LDL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, increased liver cholesterol concentration, and increased total aorta cholesterol content. The cholesteryl ester content of plasma LDL was determined as the molar ratio of cholesteryl ester to apolipoprotein B and to surface lipid (i.e., phospholipid + free cholesterol). Increasing dietary cholesterol from 0.02% to 0.05% resulted in significantly increased cholesteryl ester content of LDL particles. Furthermore, cholesteryl ester content of LDL was directly associated with increased total aorta cholesterol, whereas a linear relationship between plasma LDL cholesterol concentration and aorta cholesterol was not observed. Thus, the data suggest that LDL cholesteryl ester content may be an important atherogenic feature of plasma LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Carr
- Department of Nutritional Scinece, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 68583, USA.
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Fisher AJ, Cruz WD, Zoog SJ, Schneider CL, Friesen PD. Crystal structure of baculovirus P35: role of a novel reactive site loop in apoptotic caspase inhibition. EMBO J 1999; 18:2031-9. [PMID: 10205157 PMCID: PMC1171287 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.8.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aspartate-specific caspases are critical protease effectors of programmed cell death and consequently represent important targets for apoptotic intervention. Baculovirus P35 is a potent substrate inhibitor of metazoan caspases, a property that accounts for its unique effectiveness in preventing apoptosis in phylogenetically diverse organisms. Here we report the 2.2 A resolution crystal structure of P35, the first structure of a protein inhibitor of the death caspases. The P35 monomer possesses a solvent-exposed loop that projects from the protein's main beta-sheet core and positions the requisite aspartate cleavage site at the loop's apex. Distortion or destabilization of this reactive site loop by site-directed mutagenesis converted P35 to an efficient substrate which, unlike wild-type P35, failed to interact stably with the target caspase or block protease activity. Thus, cleavage alone is insufficient for caspase inhibition. These data are consistent with a new model wherein the P35 reactive site loop participates in a unique multi-step mechanism in which the spatial orientation of the loop with respect to the P35 core determines post-cleavage association and stoichiometric inhibition of target caspases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Staszewski S, Massari FE, Kober A, Göhler R, Durr S, Anderson KW, Schneider CL, Waterbury JA, Bakshi KK, Taylor VI. Combination therapy with zidovudine prevents selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants expressing high-level resistance to L-697,661, a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:1159-65. [PMID: 7538547 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/171.5.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
L-697,661 is a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor. Its tolerability and activity in combination with zidovudine were evaluated in a 48-week double-blind study. One hundred nineteen zidovudine-naive HIV-1-infected patients with CD4 cell counts of 200-500/mm3 received either combination therapy, L-697,661 alone, or zidovudine alone. Activity was assessed by CD4 cell count changes. Selection for L-697,661-resistant virus was monitored by susceptibility testing of RT expressed by circulating viral RNA. Therapy was generally well tolerated. All groups receiving zidovudine exhibited transient increases in CD4 cell counts, while the L-697,661 monotherapy group showed a significant decline and yielded RT > 100-fold resistant to L-697,661 and associated with substitutions at RT residue 181. The RT from patients receiving combination therapy was maximally 15-fold less susceptible to L-697,661. Hence, cotreatment with zidovudine prevents selection of HIV-1 variants that are highly resistant to L-697,661 in patients naive to both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Staszewski
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
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Byrnes VW, Emini EA, Schleif WA, Condra JH, Schneider CL, Long WJ, Wolfgang JA, Graham DJ, Gotlib L, Schlabach AJ. Susceptibilities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enzyme and viral variants expressing multiple resistance-engendering amino acid substitutions to reserve transcriptase inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:1404-7. [PMID: 7522428 PMCID: PMC188219 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.6.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the potential that multiply resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants may arise during combination nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy, we constructed a series of mutant reverse transcriptase enzymes and viruses that coexpressed various combinations of resistance-associated amino acid substitutions. Substitutions at residues 100 (Leu-->Ile) and 181 (Tyr-->Cys), which mediate resistance to the nonnucleosides, suppressed resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) when coexpressed with AZT-specific substitutions. However, a number of viral variants that exhibited significantly reduced susceptibilities to both classes of inhibitors were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Byrnes
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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Schleif WA, Murthy KK, Sardana VV, Schneider CL, Byrnes VW, Cobb KE, Roth E, Wolfgang JA, Hoffman JM, Smith AM. Attempted prophylaxis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in chimpanzees with a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1994; 10:107-10. [PMID: 7514014 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1994.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W A Schleif
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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Byrnes VW, Sardana VV, Schleif WA, Condra JH, Waterbury JA, Wolfgang JA, Long WJ, Schneider CL, Schlabach AJ, Wolanski BS. Comprehensive mutant enzyme and viral variant assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase resistance to nonnucleoside inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37:1576-9. [PMID: 7692811 PMCID: PMC188022 DOI: 10.1128/aac.37.8.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors comprise a class of structurally diverse compounds that are functionally related and specific for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RT. Viral variants resistant to these compounds arise readily in cell culture and in treated, infected human. Therefore, the eventual clinical usefulness of the nonnucleoside inhibitors will rely on a thorough understanding of the genetic and biochemical bases for resistance. A study was performed to assess the effects of substitutions at each RT amino acid residue that influences the enzyme's susceptibility to the various nonnucleoside compounds. Single substitutions were introduced into both purified enzyme and virus. The resulting patterns of resistance were markedly distinct for each of the tested inhibitors. For instance, a > 50-fold loss of enzyme susceptibility to BI-RG-587 was engendered by any of four individual substitutions, while the same level of relative resistance to the pyridinone derivatives was mediated only by substitution at residue 181. Similarly, substitution at residue 181. Similarly, substitution at residue 106 had a noted effect on virus resistance to BI-RG-587 but not to the pyridinones. The opposite effect was mediated by a substitution at residue 179. Such knowledge of nonucleoside inhibitor resistance profiles may help in understanding the basis for resistant virus selection during clinical studies of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Byrnes
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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LaFemina RL, Schneider CL, Robbins HL, Callahan PL, LeGrow K, Roth E, Schleif WA, Emini EA. Requirement of active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase enzyme for productive infection of human T-lymphoid cells. J Virol 1992; 66:7414-9. [PMID: 1433523 PMCID: PMC240448 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.66.12.7414-7419.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase enzyme exhibits significant amino acid sequence conservation with integrase proteins of other retroviruses. We introduced specific amino acid substitutions at a number of the conserved residue positions of recombinant HIV-1 integrase. Some of these substitutions resulted in proteins which were not able to be purified in the same manner as the wild-type enzyme, and these were not studied further. The remaining mutant enzymes were assessed for their abilities to perform functions characteristic of the integrase protein. These included specific removal of the terminal dinucleotides from oligonucleotide substrates representative of the viral U5-long terminal repeat, nonspecific cleavage of oligonucleotide substrates, and mediation of the strand transfer (integration) reaction. Substitution at position 43, within the protein's zinc finger motif region, resulted in an enzyme with reduced specificity for cleavage of the terminal dinucleotide. In addition, a double substitution of aspartic acid and glutamine for valine and glutamic acid, respectively, at positions 151 and 152 within the D,D(35)E motif region rendered the integrase protein inactive for all of its functions. The introduction of this double substitution into an infectious HIV-1 provirus yielded a mutant virus that was incapable of productively infecting human T-lymphoid cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L LaFemina
- Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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Baas LS, Schneider CL. Temporary epicardial electrodes. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 1986; 5:80-92. [PMID: 3633801 DOI: 10.1097/00003465-198603000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Schneider CL, Nordlund DJ. Prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplement use in the elderly. J Fam Pract 1983; 17:243-247. [PMID: 6875483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the belief of many health professionals that the elderly are vulnerable to misconceptions of what constitutes good nutrition, especially as it relates to the use of vitamin and mineral supplements. A canvass of several census tracts in Toledo and several townships in Defiance County, Ohio, identified 309 individuals 60 years of age or older who agreed to participate in this study. Forty-nine percent of those interviewed used some vitamin or mineral supplement. Of these, 77 percent were taking a multiple vitamin. Women were more likely to use supplements than men (53 percent vs 38 percent), and supplement use increased across the three age categories: 60 to 69 years (42 percent), 70 to 79 years (48 percent), 80 years and older (60 percent). More than 85 percent of those using supplements spent less than 2 percent of their income on supplements. Health benefits were perceived by 94 percent of those using supplements.
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Schneider CL. Treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis after saline-solution-induced abortion. JAMA 1972; 220:1749-50. [PMID: 12306385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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Schneider CL. Incident-oblique and transmitted illumination for intravital cinemicrography. J Biol Photogr Assoc 1969; 37:34-40. [PMID: 4884089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Schneider CL, Henry MM. Meconium embolism in vivo. Pulmonary and systemic microcirculation (as in maternal amniotic embolism). Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968; 101:909-14. [PMID: 5659950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Meyers NL, Schneider CL. A triple axis servohydraulic stage for cinemicrography. J Biol Photogr Assoc 1968; 36:106-14. [PMID: 5671192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Schneider CL. Erythrocyte hemolysis and fibrination-fibrinolysis during retained abruptio placentae with hypovolemia and transient anuria. Obstet Gynecol 1968; 31:491-504. [PMID: 5643128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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