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Malacarne G, Lagreze J, Rojas San Martin B, Malnoy M, Moretto M, Moser C, Dalla Costa L. Insights into the cell-wall dynamics in grapevine berries during ripening and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant Mol Biol 2024; 114:38. [PMID: 38605193 PMCID: PMC11009762 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall (CW) is the dynamic structure of a plant cell, acting as a barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. In grape berries, the modifications of pulp and skin CW during softening ensure flexibility during cell expansion and determine the final berry texture. In addition, the CW of grape berry skin is of fundamental importance for winemaking, controlling secondary metabolite extractability. Grapevine varieties with contrasting CW characteristics generally respond differently to biotic and abiotic stresses. In the context of climate change, it is important to investigate the CW dynamics occurring upon different stresses, to define new adaptation strategies. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying CW modifications during grapevine berry fruit ripening, plant-pathogen interaction, or in response to environmental stresses, also considering the most recently published transcriptomic data. Furthermore, perspectives of new biotechnological approaches aiming at modifying the CW properties based on other crops' examples are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy.
| | - Jorge Lagreze
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Barbara Rojas San Martin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
- Centre Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, 38098, Trento, Italy
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2
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Mayor C, Moser C, Korff C. Long-term memory consolidation of new words in children with self-limited epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 153:109720. [PMID: 38428174 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Accelerated long-term forgetting has been studied and demonstrated in adults with epilepsy. In contrast, the question of long-term consolidation (delays > 1 day) in children with epilepsy shows conflicting results. However, childhood is a period of life in which the encoding and long-term storage of new words is essential for the development of knowledge and learning. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate long-term memory consolidation skills in children with self-limited epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (SeLECTS), using a paradigm exploring new words encoding skills and their long-term consolidation over one-week delay. As lexical knowledge, working memory skills and executive/attentional skills has been shown to contribute to long-term memory/new word learning, we added standardized measures of oral language and executive/attentional functions to explore the involvement of these cognitive skills in new word encoding and consolidation. The results showed that children with SeLECTS needed more repetitions to encode new words, struggled to encode the phonological forms of words, and when they finally reached the level of the typically developing children, they retained what they had learned, but didn't show improved recall skills after a one-week delay, unlike the control participants. Lexical knowledge, verbal working memory skills and phonological skills contributed to encoding and/or recall abilities, and interference sensitivity appeared to be associated with the number of phonological errors during the pseudoword encoding phase. These results are consistent with the functional model linking working memory, phonology and vocabulary in a fronto-temporo-parietal network. As SeLECTS involves perisylvian dysfunction, the associations between impaired sequence storage (phonological working memory), phonological representation storage and new word learning are not surprising. This dual impairment in both encoding and long-term consolidation may result in large learning gap between children with and without epilepsy. Whether these results indicate differences in the sleep-induced benefits required for long-term consolidation or differences in the benefits of retrieval practice between the epilepsy group and healthy children remains open. As lexical development is associated with academic achievement and comprehension, the impact of such deficits in learning new words is certainly detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mayor
- Child Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - C Moser
- Child Neuropsychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Korff
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Jolliffe JB, Pilati S, Moser C, Lashbrooke JG. Beyond skin-deep: targeting the plant surface for crop improvement. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:6468-6486. [PMID: 37589495 PMCID: PMC10662250 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The above-ground plant surface is a well-adapted tissue layer that acts as an interface between the plant and its surrounding environment. As such, its primary role is to protect against desiccation and maintain the gaseous exchange required for photosynthesis. Further, this surface layer provides a barrier against pathogens and herbivory, while attracting pollinators and agents of seed dispersal. In the context of agriculture, the plant surface is strongly linked to post-harvest crop quality and yield. The epidermal layer contains several unique cell types adapted for these functions, while the non-lignified above-ground plant organs are covered by a hydrophobic cuticular membrane. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying crop cuticle and epidermal cell formation, with focus placed on genetic elements contributing towards quality, yield, drought tolerance, herbivory defence, pathogen resistance, pollinator attraction, and sterility, while highlighting the inter-relatedness of plant surface development and traits. Potential crop improvement strategies utilizing this knowledge are outlined in the context of the recent development of new breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Bryanne Jolliffe
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, San Michele all’Adige, 38098, Italy
| | - Justin Graham Lashbrooke
- South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Giacomelli L, Zeilmaker T, Giovannini O, Salvagnin U, Masuero D, Franceschi P, Vrhovsek U, Scintilla S, Rouppe van der Voort J, Moser C. Simultaneous editing of two DMR6 genes in grapevine results in reduced susceptibility to downy mildew. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1242240. [PMID: 37692430 PMCID: PMC10486898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of pesticide treatments is of paramount importance for the sustainability of viticulture, and it can be achieved through a combination of strategies, including the cultivation of vines (Vitis vinifera) that are resistant or tolerant to diseases such as downy mildew (DM). In many crops, the knock-out of Downy Mildew Resistant 6 (DMR6) proved successful in controlling DM-resistance, but the effect of mutations in DMR6 genes is not yet known in grapevine. Today, gene editing serves crop improvement with small and specific mutations while maintaining the genetic background of commercially important clones. Moreover, recent technological advances allowed to produce non-transgenic grapevine clones by regeneration of protoplasts edited with the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. This approach may revolutionize the production of new grapevine varieties and clones, but it requires knowledge about the targets and the impact of editing on plant phenotype and fitness in different cultivars. In this work we generated single and double knock-out mutants by editing DMR6 susceptibility (S) genes using CRISPR/Cas9, and showed that only the combined mutations in VviDMR6-1 and VviDMR6-2 are effective in reducing susceptibility to DM in two table-grape cultivars by increasing the levels of endogenous salicylic acid. Therefore, editing both genes may be necessary for effective DM control in real-world agricultural settings, which could potentially lead to unwanted phenotypes. Additional research, including trials conducted in experimental vineyards, is required to gain a deeper understanding of DMR6-based resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Giacomelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Tieme Zeilmaker
- Enza Zaden Research & Development B.V., Enkhuizen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar Giovannini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Umberto Salvagnin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Simone Scintilla
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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5
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Faralli M, Bianchedi PL, Moser C, Bontempo L, Bertamini M. Nitrogen control of transpiration in grapevine. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13906. [PMID: 37006174 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transpiration per unit of leaf area is the end-product of the root-to-leaf water transport within the plant, and it is regulated by a series of morpho-physiological resistances and hierarchical signals. The rate of water transpired sustains a series of processes such as nutrient absorption and leaf evaporative cooling, with stomata being the end-valves that maintain the optimal water loss under specific degrees of evaporative demand and soil moisture conditions. Previous work provided evidence of a partial modulation of water flux following nitrogen availability linking high nitrate availability with tight stomatal control of transpiration in several species. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that stomatal control of transpiration, among others signals, is partially modulated by soil nitrate ( NO 3 - ) availability in grapevine, with reduced NO 3 - availability (alkaline soil pH, reduced fertilization, and distancing NO 3 - source) associated with decreased water-use efficiency and higher transpiration. We observed a general trend when NO 3 - was limiting with plants increasing either stomatal conductance or root-shoot ratio in four independent experiments with strong associations between leaf water status, stomatal behavior, root aquaporins expression, and xylem sap pH. Carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures confirm the proximal measurements, suggesting the robustness of the signal that persists over weeks and under different gradients of NO 3 - availability and leaf nitrogen content. Nighttime stomatal conductance was unaffected by NO 3 - manipulation treatments, while application of high vapor pressure deficit conditions nullifies the differences between treatments. Genotypic variation for transpiration increase under limited NO 3 - availability was observed between rootstocks indicating that breeding (e.g., for high soil pH tolerance) unintentionally selected for enhanced mass flow nutrient acquisition under restrictive or nutrient-buffered conditions. We provide evidence of a series of specific traits modulated by NO 3 - availability and suggest that NO 3 - fertilization is a potential candidate for optimizing grapevine water-use efficiency and root exploration under the climate-change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Faralli
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Bianchedi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
| | - Massimo Bertamini
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, TN, 38098, Italy
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6
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Try Lenz I, Pries-Heje M, Hjulmand J, Hasselbalch RB, Jarloev JO, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Moser C, Iversen K, Bundgaard H. Characteristics and outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Enterococcus faecalis is the third most common cause of infective endocarditis (IE) and has been associated with a higher risk of relapse and death. Within the enterococcus species, E. faecium is the second most frequent cause of IE. As IE from E. faecalis or E. faecium most likely have different presentations and outcomes, research is needed for individualised and optimised clinical management.
Purpose
This study aims to characterise baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes for patients with IE caused by E. faecalis or E. faecium, including short- and long-term mortality and relapse. Additionally, we aim to determine risk factors associated with IE caused by the two bacterial species.
Methods
This is a retrospective study of patients hospitalised with at least one positive blood culture with E. faecalis or E. faecium between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018 at two large hospitals in Denmark. IE was diagnosed according to the modified Duke criteria. Index and follow-up data were collected from medical records. Categorical values were compared using chi-square test and categorial data using students t-test.
Results
614 patients had a positive blood culture with either E. faecalis (n=279) or E. faecium (n=335). Of these, 64 (10.4%) patients developed IE; E. faecalis in 56 patients (87.5%, male 83.3%, mean age 70 years (SD 14)) and E. faecium in 8 patients (12.5%, male 75.0%, mean age 65 years (SD 13)). The prevalence of IE was 20.1% for E. faecalis bacteraemia and 2.4% for E. faecium bacteraemia (p<0.001). Embolic events during primary admission were seen more often in the E. faecium group (62.5%) compared to the E. faecalis group (10.7%) (p=0.002). Both groups had multiple co-morbidities without significant differences between groups (Table 1).
Nineteen (40.4%) of the patients with E. faecalis IE had a minimum of one previous admission with E. faecalis bacteraemia within the last year before the IE diagnosis, whereas this was not seen for any patients with E. faecium IE. The 30-days all-cause mortality was 5.4% for patients with E. faecalis IE and 25% for patients with E. faecium IE (p=0.22). After a median follow up of 3.1 years (IQR=0.46–3.94) all-cause mortality was 55.4% for patients with E. faecalis IE and 62.5% for patients with E. faecium IE (p=1.00) (Table 1).
Conclusion
The prevalence of IE was significantly higher in patients with E. faecalis bacteraemia than with E. faecium bacteraemia. While the prevalence of complications was higher in patients with E. faecium IE, the difference was only significant for embolic events. This indicates that E. faecium IE is associated with a worse outcome compared to the outcome in patients with E. faecalis IE. All-cause mortality was above 50% for both groups, i.e. considerably higher than generally seen in patients with IE. These findings may be of importance of management of patients with E. faecalis or with E. faecium bacteraemia – and endocarditis.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Try Lenz
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - M Pries-Heje
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - J Hjulmand
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | | | - D Faurholt-Jepsen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - C Moser
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - H Bundgaard
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
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7
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Hjulmand J, Pries-Heje M, Try Lenz I, Carter-Storch R, Gill S, Bruun NE, Povlsen JA, Christiansen U, Helweg-Larsen J, Fosboel E, Toender N, Moser C, Iversen K, Ihlemann N, Bundgaard H. Long-term impact of persistent vegetations at 6 month followup after treatment of infective endocarditis: a substudy of the Partial Oral vs Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis (POET) tria. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our knowledge of changes in vegetation size throughout the course of infective endocarditis (IE) and the impact of persistent vegetations on mortality or embolization after completed antibiotic treatment is sparse. No study has previously investigated the prevalence or clinical impact of persistent vegetations on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at 6-months follow-up after ended IE treatment.
Purpose
To investigate the association between persistent vegetations at the 6-months TTE after treatment for IE and long-term prognosis as assessed in the POET trial.
Methods
The POET trial was a nationwide, multicenter RCT, randomizing 400 patients to either partial oral or intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment of left-sided IE, after initial stabilization of infection using conventional IV therapy.
A persistent vegetation was defined as a vegetation seen on 6-months follow-up TTE (4–7 months) after ended antibiotic treatment for IE. In the POET trial, primary outcome was defined as 1) all-cause mortality, 2) unplanned cardiac surgery, 3) embolic events or 4) relapse of bacteremia, in the 5-year follow-up period. Patients without TTE due to death or lack of available TTE were excluded.
Results
Out of 400 patients, 20 were excluded due to death during 6-months follow-up, and 201 were excluded due to unavailable TTE, leaving 179 TTEs for analysis.
At 6-months follow-up, a persistent vegetation was seen in 30 patients (16.7%, 21 males (70%), mean age 69.6 years (SD 7.7)) (Table 1). Seventeen patients (56.7%) had a persistent vegetation on the aortic valve and 13 patients (43.3%) on the mitral valve. More patients without a persistent vegetation had undergone initial surgical treatment of IE than those with a vegetation (57.7 vs 23.3%, p=0.001). In all surgically treated patients with persistent vegetation at 6-months follow-up, the vegetation was found on another valve than the operated valve.
The composite primary outcome from 6-months follow-up and until 5-year follow-up occurred in 8 patients (26.7%) with a persistent vegetation, compared to 38 patients (25.5%) (p=1.00) without. (Table 2) In patients randomized for peroral treatment, no significant difference in prevalence of persistent vegetation was found (15 patients (50%) with persistent vegetations vs. 74 patients (49.7%) without, p=1.00).
Conclusion
The occurrence of persistent vegetations at 6 months follow-up was 16.7%. There was no association between persistent vegetations at 6-months follow-up and the occurrence of the primary outcome after 5 years follow-up, suggesting that the risk associated with residual vegetations after end of antibiotic treatment is negligible after 6-months.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The Danish Heart Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hjulmand
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - M Pries-Heje
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - I Try Lenz
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - S Gill
- Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - N E Bruun
- Roskilde University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark
| | - J A Povlsen
- Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - J Helweg-Larsen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - E Fosboel
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - N Toender
- Nordsjaellands Hospital , Hilleroed , Denmark
| | - C Moser
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - N Ihlemann
- Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - H Bundgaard
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
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8
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Faralli M, Bontempo L, Bianchedi PL, Moser C, Bertamini M, Lawson T, Camin F, Stefanini M, Varotto C. Natural variation in stomatal dynamics drives divergence in heat stress tolerance and contributes to seasonal intrinsic water-use efficiency in Vitis vinifera (subsp. sativa and sylvestris). J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3238-3250. [PMID: 34929033 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomata control CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss through transpiration, thus playing a key role in leaf thermoregulation, water-use efficiency (iWUE), and plant productivity. In this work, we investigated the relationship between several leaf traits and hypothesized that stomatal behavior to fast (i.e. minutes) environmental changes co-determines, along with steady-state traits, the physiological response of grapevine to the surrounding fluctuating environment over the growing season. No relationship between iWUE, heat stress tolerance, and stomatal traits was observed in field-grown grapevine, suggesting that other physiological mechanisms are involved in determining leaf evaporative cooling capacity and the seasonal ratio of CO2 uptake (A) to stomatal conductance (gs). Indeed, cultivars that in the field had an unexpected combination of high iWUE but low sensitivity to thermal stress displayed a quick stomatal closure to light, but a sluggish closure to increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD) levels. This strategy, aiming both at conserving water under a high to low light transition and in prioritizing evaporative cooling under a low to high VPD transition, was mainly observed in the cultivars Regina and Syrah. Moreover, cultivars with different known responses to soil moisture deficit or high air VPD (isohydric versus anisohydric) had opposite behavior under fluctuating environments, with the isohydric cultivar showing slow stomatal closure to reduced light intensity but quick temporal responses to VPD manipulation. We propose that stomatal behavior to fast environmental fluctuations can play a critical role in leaf thermoregulation and water conservation under natural field conditions in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Faralli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Bianchedi
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Massimo Bertamini
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Federica Camin
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
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9
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Pirrello C, Malacarne G, Moretto M, Lenzi L, Perazzolli M, Zeilmaker T, Van den Ackerveken G, Pilati S, Moser C, Giacomelli L. Grapevine DMR6-1 Is a Candidate Gene for Susceptibility to Downy mildew. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020182. [PMID: 35204683 PMCID: PMC8961545 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a valuable crop in Europe for both economical and cultural reasons, but highly susceptible to Downy mildew (DM). The generation of resistant vines is of critical importance for a sustainable viticulture and can be achieved either by introgression of resistance genes in susceptible varieties or by mutation of Susceptibility (S) genes, e.g., by gene editing. This second approach offers several advantages: it maintains the genetic identity of cultivars otherwise disrupted by crossing and generally results in a broad-spectrum and durable resistance, but it is hindered by the poor knowledge about S genes in grapevines. Candidate S genes are Downy mildew Resistance 6 (DMR6) and DMR6-Like Oxygenases (DLOs), whose mutations confer resistance to DM in Arabidopsis. In this work, we show that grapevine VviDMR6-1 complements the Arabidopsis dmr6-1 resistant mutant. We studied the expression of grapevine VviDMR6 and VviDLO genes in different organs and in response to the DM causative agent Plasmopara viticola. Through an automated evaluation of causal relationships among genes, we show that VviDMR6-1, VviDMR6-2, and VviDLO1 group into different co-regulatory networks, suggesting distinct functions, and that mostly VviDMR6-1 is connected with pathogenesis-responsive genes. Therefore, VviDMR6-1 represents a good candidate to produce resistant cultivars with a gene-editing approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pirrello
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Moretto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Luisa Lenzi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Michele Perazzolli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Tieme Zeilmaker
- SciENZA Biotechnologies B.V., Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Guido Van den Ackerveken
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Lisa Giacomelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (G.M.); (M.M.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Scintilla S, Salvagnin U, Giacomelli L, Zeilmaker T, Malnoy MA, Rouppe van der Voort J, Moser C. Regeneration of non-chimeric plants from DNA-free edited grapevine protoplasts. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1078931. [PMID: 36531381 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.16.452503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The application of New Breeding Techniques (NBTs) in Vitis vinifera is highly desirable to introduce valuable traits while preserving the genotype of the elite cultivars. However, a broad application of NBTs through standard DNA-based transformation is poorly accepted by public opinion and law regulations in Europe and other countries due to the stable integration of exogenous DNA, which leads to transgenic plants possibly affected by chimerism. A single-cell based approach, coupled with a DNA-free transfection of the CRISPR/Cas editing machinery, constitutes a powerful tool to overcome these problems and maintain the original genetic make-up in the whole organism. We here describe a successful single-cell based, DNA-free methodology to obtain edited grapevine plants, regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryogenic callus of two table grapevine varieties (V. vinifera cv. Crimson seedless and Sugraone). The regenerated, non-chimeric plants were edited on the downy- and powdery-mildew susceptibility genes, VviDMR6 and VviMlo6 respectively, either as single or double mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scintilla
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Umberto Salvagnin
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Consorzio Innovazione Vite (CIVIT), Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Lisa Giacomelli
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
- Scienza Biotechnologies BV., Enkhuizen, Netherlands
| | | | - Mickael A Malnoy
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Moser
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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11
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Scintilla S, Salvagnin U, Giacomelli L, Zeilmaker T, Malnoy MA, Rouppe van der Voort J, Moser C. Regeneration of non-chimeric plants from DNA-free edited grapevine protoplasts. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1078931. [PMID: 36531381 PMCID: PMC9752144 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1078931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The application of New Breeding Techniques (NBTs) in Vitis vinifera is highly desirable to introduce valuable traits while preserving the genotype of the elite cultivars. However, a broad application of NBTs through standard DNA-based transformation is poorly accepted by public opinion and law regulations in Europe and other countries due to the stable integration of exogenous DNA, which leads to transgenic plants possibly affected by chimerism. A single-cell based approach, coupled with a DNA-free transfection of the CRISPR/Cas editing machinery, constitutes a powerful tool to overcome these problems and maintain the original genetic make-up in the whole organism. We here describe a successful single-cell based, DNA-free methodology to obtain edited grapevine plants, regenerated from protoplasts isolated from embryogenic callus of two table grapevine varieties (V. vinifera cv. Crimson seedless and Sugraone). The regenerated, non-chimeric plants were edited on the downy- and powdery-mildew susceptibility genes, VviDMR6 and VviMlo6 respectively, either as single or double mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scintilla
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simone Scintilla, ; Claudio Moser,
| | - Umberto Salvagnin
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Consorzio Innovazione Vite (CIVIT), Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Lisa Giacomelli
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- Scienza Biotechnologies BV., Enkhuizen, Netherlands
| | | | - Mickael A. Malnoy
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Moser
- Centro Ricerca ed Innovazione, Fondazione E. Mach. Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all’Adige, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simone Scintilla, ; Claudio Moser,
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Pilati S, Malacarne G, Navarro-Payá D, Tomè G, Riscica L, Cavecchia V, Matus JT, Moser C, Blanzieri E. Vitis OneGenE: A Causality-Based Approach to Generate Gene Networks in Vitis vinifera Sheds Light on the Laccase and Dirigent Gene Families. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1744. [PMID: 34944388 PMCID: PMC8698957 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance of transcriptomic data and the development of causal inference methods have paved the way for gene network analyses in grapevine. Vitis OneGenE is a transcriptomic data mining tool that finds direct correlations between genes, thus producing association networks. As a proof of concept, the stilbene synthase gene regulatory network obtained with OneGenE has been compared with published co-expression analysis and experimental data, including cistrome data for MYB stilbenoid regulators. As a case study, the two secondary metabolism pathways of stilbenoids and lignin synthesis were explored. Several isoforms of laccase, peroxidase, and dirigent protein genes, putatively involved in the final oxidative oligomerization steps, were identified as specifically belonging to either one of these pathways. Manual curation of the predicted sequences exploiting the last available genome assembly, and the integration of phylogenetic and OneGenE analyses, identified a group of laccases exclusively present in grapevine and related to stilbenoids. Here we show how network analysis by OneGenE can accelerate knowledge discovery by suggesting new candidates for functional characterization and application in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - David Navarro-Payá
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46908 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (D.N.-P.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Gabriele Tomè
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Laura Riscica
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Valter Cavecchia
- CNR-Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46908 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; (D.N.-P.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (G.M.); (C.M.)
| | - Enrico Blanzieri
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (L.R.); (E.B.)
- CNR-Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, 38123 Trento, Italy;
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Dalla Costa L, Vinciguerra D, Giacomelli L, Salvagnin U, Piazza S, Spinella K, Malnoy M, Moser C, Marchesi U. Integrated approach for the molecular characterization of edited plants obtained via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer—actually the most used method to engineer plants—may lead to integration of multiple copies of T-DNA in the plant genome, as well as to chimeric tissues composed of modified cells and wild type cells. A molecular characterization of the transformed lines is thus a good practice to select the best ones for further investigation. Nowadays, several quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques are available to estimate the copy number (CN) of the T-DNA in genetically modified plants. In this study, we compared three methods based on (1) real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), (2) droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and (3) next generation sequencing (NGS), to carry out a molecular characterization of grapevine edited lines. These lines contain a knock-out mutation, obtained via CRISPR/Cas9 technology, in genes involved in plant susceptibility to two important mildew diseases of grapevine. According to our results, qPCR and ddPCR outputs are largely in agreement in terms of accuracy, especially for low CN values, while ddPCR resulted more precise than qPCR. With regard to the NGS analysis, the CNs detected with this method were often not consistent with those calculated by qPCR and ddPCR, and NGS was not able to discriminate the integration points in three out of ten lines. Nevertheless, the NGS method can positively identify T-DNA truncations or the presence of tandem/inverted repeats, providing distinct and relevant information about the transgene integration asset. Moreover, the expression analysis of Cas9 and single guide RNA (sgRNA), and the sequencing of the target site added new information to be related to CN data. This work, by reporting a practical case-study on grapevine edited lines, explores pros and cons of the most advanced diagnostic techniques available for the precocious selection of the proper transgenic material. The results may be of interest both to scientists developing new transgenic lines, and to laboratories in charge of GMO control.
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Pirrello C, Zeilmaker T, Bianco L, Giacomelli L, Moser C, Vezzulli S. Mining Grapevine Downy Mildew Susceptibility Genes: A Resource for Genomics-Based Breeding and Tailored Gene Editing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:181. [PMID: 33525704 PMCID: PMC7912118 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathogens continuously threaten viticulture worldwide. Until now, the investigation on resistance loci has been the main trend to understand the interaction between grapevine and the mildew causal agents. Dominantly inherited gene-based resistance has shown to be race-specific in some cases, to confer partial immunity, and to be potentially overcome within a few years since its introgression. Recently, on the footprint of research conducted in Arabidopsis, putative genes associated with downy mildew susceptibility have been discovered also in the grapevine genome. In this work, we deep-sequenced four putative susceptibility genes-namely VvDMR6.1, VvDMR6.2, VvDLO1, VvDLO2-in 190 genetically diverse grapevine genotypes to discover new sources of broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance. Identified Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms were screened in a bottleneck analysis from the genetic sequence to their impact on protein structure. Fifty-five genotypes showed at least one impacting mutation in one or more of the scouted genes. Haplotypes were inferred for each gene and two of them at the VvDMR6.2 gene were found significantly more represented in downy mildew resistant genotypes. The current results provide a resource for grapevine and plant genetics and could corroborate genomic-assisted breeding programs as well as tailored gene editing approaches for resistance to biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pirrello
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Tieme Zeilmaker
- SciENZA Biotechnologies B.V., Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Luca Bianco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Lisa Giacomelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
- SciENZA Biotechnologies B.V., Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Silvia Vezzulli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.P.); (L.B.); (L.G.); (C.M.)
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15
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Mauch R, Østrup Jensen P, Qvist T, Kolpen M, Moser C, Skov M, Nolasco da Silva M, Høiby N. P123 Features of the immune response to Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) and the influence of BCG vaccination. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Dalla Costa L, Piazza S, Pompili V, Salvagnin U, Cestaro A, Moffa L, Vittani L, Moser C, Malnoy M. Strategies to produce T-DNA free CRISPRed fruit trees via Agrobacterium tumefaciens stable gene transfer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20155. [PMID: 33214661 PMCID: PMC7678832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful technology, which has been widely applied to improve traits in cereals, vegetables and even fruit trees. For the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 components into dicotyledonous plants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer is still the prevalent method, although editing is often accompanied by the integration of the bacterial T-DNA into the host genome. We assessed two approaches in order to achieve T-DNA excision from the plant genome, minimizing the extent of foreign DNA left behind. The first is based on the Flp/FRT system and the second on Cas9 and synthetic cleavage target sites (CTS) close to T-DNA borders, which are recognized by the sgRNA. Several grapevine and apple lines, transformed with a panel of CRISPR/SpCas9 binary vectors, were regenerated and characterized for T-DNA copy number and for the rate of targeted editing. As detected by an optimized NGS-based sequencing method, trimming at T-DNA borders occurred in 100% of the lines, impairing in most cases the excision. Another observation was the leakage activity of Cas9 which produced pierced and therefore non-functional CTS. Deletions of genomic DNA and presence of filler DNA were also noticed at the junctions between T-DNA and genomic DNA. This study proved that many factors must be considered for designing efficient binary vectors capable of minimizing the presence of exogenous DNA in CRISPRed fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Valerio Pompili
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Umberto Salvagnin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cestaro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Loredana Moffa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vittani
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38098, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Pries-Heje M, Hasselbalch R, Ihleman N, Gill S, Bruun N, Elming H, Jensen K, Oestergaard L, Helweg-Larsen J, Fosboel E, Koeber L, Toender N, Moser C, Iversen K, Bundgaard H. Hemoglobin level at stabilization is associated with long-term all-cause mortality in patients with left-sided endocarditis, a POET substudy. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Left-sided infectious endocarditis (IE) has a high 1-year mortality. Anemia is a common finding in patients with IE, yet little is known about frequency, severity, and associated outcomes in this setting.
Purpose
To examine the relationship between Hemoglobin (Hgb) level measured at IE stabilization (time of randomization) in the Partial Oral versus intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis (POET) trial - and long-term all-cause mortality.
Methods
In the POET trial, 400 patients with left-sided IE were randomized, after medical and/or surgical stabilization, to conventional antibiotic treatment or partial oral treatment. Only non-surgically treated patients were considered in this study. Patients were divided by quartiles into four groups based on Hgb level at randomization.
Results
We examined 248 patients with non-surgically treated IE. Median time from diagnosis of IE to randomization was 14 days (IQ 12–19). At long-term follow-up (median 3.2 years, IQ 2.18–4.60), 71 patients had died (28.6%). Patients in the lowest quantile (Hgb ≤6.0 mmol) had a HR of 4.17 (95% CI 1.81–9.61, p<0.001) for death compared to patients in the highest quantile (Hgb >7.5 mmol/L). This association remained significant after multivariable adjustment for age, sex, renal disease, C-Reactive Protein, and Prosthetic heart valve (HR 2.69, 95% CI 1.11–6.50); p=0.028).
Conclusion
Low Hemoglobin level at stabilization in patients with IE was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality. Whether intensified treatment of anemia in patients with IE could improve long-term outcome requires investigation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): The Danish Heart Foundation, The Capital Regions Research Council
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pries-Heje
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - N Ihleman
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Gill
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - N.E Bruun
- Zealand University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - H Elming
- Zealand University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - K Jensen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L Oestergaard
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Helweg-Larsen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E.L Fosboel
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Koeber
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Toender
- Hillerod Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Hillerod, Denmark
| | - C Moser
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Iversen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Bundgaard
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Østergaard L, Lauridsen TK, Iversen K, Bundgaard H, Søndergaard L, Ihlemann N, Moser C, Fosbøl E. Infective endocarditis in patients who have undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Laforest T, Künzi M, Kowalczuk L, Carpentras D, Behar-Cohen F, Moser C. Transscleral Optical Phase Imaging of the Human Retina. Nat Photonics 2020; 14:439-445. [PMID: 32607125 PMCID: PMC7326609 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-020-0608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo observation of the human retina at the cellular level is crucial to detect the first signs of retinal diseases and properly treat them. Despite the phenomenal advances in adaptive optics (AO) systems, clinical imaging of many retinal cells is still elusive due to the low signal-to-noise ratio induced by transpupillary illumination. We present a transscleral optical phase imaging (TOPI) method, which relies on high-angle oblique illumination of the retina, combined with AO, to enhance cell contrast. Examination of eleven healthy volunteer eyes, without pupil dilation, shows the ability of this method to produce in-vivo images of retinal cells, from the retinal pigment epithelium to the nerve fibre layer. This method also allows the generation of high-resolution label-free ex-vivo phase images of flat-mounted retinas. The 4.4°x 4.4° field-of-view in-vivo images are recorded in less than 10 seconds, opening new avenues in the exploration of healthy and diseased retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Laforest
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices (LAPD), School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- EarlySight SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Künzi
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices (LAPD), School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- EarlySight SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Kowalczuk
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D. Carpentras
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices (LAPD), School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. Behar-Cohen
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, USPC, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, From physiopathology of ocular diseases to clinical developments, F-75006 Paris, France
- Ophtalmopole, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - C. Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices (LAPD), School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Materials and Correspondence: Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to
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Thomsen K, Christophersen L, Lerche C, Holmgaard D, Calum H, Hoiby N, Moser C. ePS3.08 Azithromycin potentiates avian IgY effects on pulmonary inflammation in a murine lung infection model. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Díaz Ricci JC, González-Candelas L, Prusky DB, Moser C, Baraldi E. Editorial: Interplay Between Fungal Pathogens and Fruit Ripening. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:275. [PMID: 32269579 PMCID: PMC7109395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Díaz Ricci
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO, UNT-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Paterna, Spain
| | - Dov B. Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization - the Volcani Center, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Claudio Moser
- Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, DISTAL- Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Jensen P, Møller S, Lerche C, Moser C, Bjarnsholt T, Ciofu O, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Høiby N, Kolpen M. Improving antibiotic treatment of bacterial biofilm by hyperbaric oxygen therapy: Not just hot air. Biofilm 2019; 1:100008. [PMID: 33447795 PMCID: PMC7798444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2019.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi show substantial increased recalcitrance when growing as infectious biofilms. Chronic infections caused by biofilm growing microorganisms is considered a major problem of modern medicine. New strategies are needed to improve antibiotic treatment of biofilms. We have improved antibiotic treatment of bacterial biofilms by reviving the dormant bacteria and thereby make them susceptible to antibiotics by means of reoxygenation. Here we review the rationale for associating lack of oxygen with low susceptibility in infectious biofilm, and how hyperbaric oxygen therapy may result in reoxygenation leading to enhanced bactericidal activity of antibiotics. We address issues of feasibility and potential adverse effects regarding patient safety and development of resistance. Finally, we propose means for supplying reoxygenation to antibiotic treatment of infectious biofilm with the potential to benefit large groups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.Ø. Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S.A. Møller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C.J. Lerche
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C. Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T. Bjarnsholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O. Ciofu
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D. Faurholt-Jepsen
- Copenhagen Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N. Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Kolpen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Ostergaard L, Bruun NE, Voldstedlund M, Schonheyder HC, Rosenvinge F, Valeur N, Sogaard P, Skov R, Chen M, Iversen K, Gill S, Lauridsen TK, Dahl A, Povlsen JA, Moser C. P3665Prevalence of infective endocarditis in patients with positive blood cultures: a Danish nationwide study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Increasing attention has been given to the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with certain blood stream infections (BSI). Previous studies have been conducted on selected patient cohorts, yet unselected data are sparse.
Purpose
To investigate the nationwide prevalence of diagnosed IE in BSIs with bacteria typically associated with IE.
Methods
By crosslinking nationwide registries from 2010–2016, we identified patients with BSIs typically associated with IE: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus spp., and coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) and examined the concurrent IE prevalence. A trend test was used to examine temporal changes in the prevalence of IE.
Results
In total 60,119 BSIs, distributed with 15,407, 16,790, and 27,922 BSIs were identified in the periods of 2010–2011, 2012–2013, and 2014–2016, respectively.
Patients with E. Faecalis had the highest prevalence of diagnosed IE (16.3%) followed by S. aureus (10.2%), Streptococcus spp. (7.3%), and CoNS (1.6%) (Figure). During the study period, the prevalence of IE among patients with E. faecalis increased significantly (p=0.003), Male patients had higher prevalence of IE for all microorganisms investigated compared with females. A significant increase in the prevalence of IE was seen for E. faecalis, Streptococcus spp., and CoNS with increasing age.
Percent with endocarditis
Conclusion
For E. faecalis BSI, 1 in 6 had IE, for S. aureus BSI 1 in 10 had IE, and for Streptococcus spp. 1 in 14 had IE. Our results support screening for IE in patients with E. faecalis, S. aureus, or Streptococcus spp. BSI in order to offer appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ostergaard
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N E Bruun
- University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - M Voldstedlund
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H C Schonheyder
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of clinical microbiology, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - F Rosenvinge
- Odense University Hospital, Department of clinical microbiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - N Valeur
- Bispebjerg University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Sogaard
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - R Skov
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Chen
- Hospital of Southern Jutland, Department of clinical microbiology, Sonderborg, Denmark
| | - K Iversen
- Herlev Hospital, Department of cardiology, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S Gill
- Odense University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - T K Lauridsen
- Gentofte University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Dahl
- Bispebjerg University Hospital, Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J A Povlsen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Moser
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of clinical microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Vezzulli S, Malacarne G, Masuero D, Vecchione A, Dolzani C, Goremykin V, Mehari ZH, Banchi E, Velasco R, Stefanini M, Vrhovsek U, Zulini L, Franceschi P, Moser C. The Rpv3-3 Haplotype and Stilbenoid Induction Mediate Downy Mildew Resistance in a Grapevine Interspecific Population. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:234. [PMID: 30894868 PMCID: PMC6414455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of new resistant varieties to the oomycete Plasmopara viticola (Berk.& Curt) is a promising way to combat downy mildew (DM), one of the major diseases threatening the cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Taking advantage of a segregating population derived from "Merzling" (a mid-resistant hybrid) and "Teroldego" (a susceptible landrace), 136 F1 individuals were characterized by combining genetic, phenotypic, and gene expression data to elucidate the genetic basis of DM resistance and polyphenol biosynthesis upon P. viticola infection. An improved consensus linkage map was obtained by scoring 192 microsatellite markers. The progeny were screened for DM resistance and production of 42 polyphenols. QTL mapping showed that DM resistance is associated with the herein named Rpv3-3 specific haplotype and it identified 46 novel metabolic QTLs linked to 30 phenolics-related parameters. A list of the 95 most relevant candidate genes was generated by specifically exploring the stilbenoid-associated QTLs. Expression analysis of 11 genes in Rpv3-3 +/- genotypes displaying disparity in DM resistance level and stilbenoid accumulation revealed significant new candidates for the genetic control of stilbenoid biosynthesis and oligomerization. These overall findings emphasized that DM resistance is likely mediated by the major Rpv3-3 haplotype and stilbenoid induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vezzulli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Antonella Vecchione
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Chiara Dolzani
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Vadim Goremykin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Zeraye Haile Mehari
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elisa Banchi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- CREA Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Marco Stefanini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Zulini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Haile ZM, Malacarne G, Pilati S, Sonego P, Moretto M, Masuero D, Vrhovsek U, Engelen K, Baraldi E, Moser C. Dual Transcriptome and Metabolic Analysis of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir Berry and Botrytis cinerea During Quiescence and Egressed Infection. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1704. [PMID: 32082332 PMCID: PMC7002552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is an important necrotroph in vineyards. Primary infections are mostly initiated by airborne conidia from overwintered sources around bloom, then the fungus remains quiescent from bloom till maturity and egresses at ripeness. We previously described in detail the process of flower infection and quiescence initiation. Here, we complete the characterization studying the cross-talk between the plant and the fungus during pathogen quiescence and egression by an integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of the host and the pathogen. Flowers from fruiting cuttings of the cv. Pinot Noir were inoculated with a GFP-labeled strain of B. cinerea at full cap-off stage, and molecular analyses were carried out at 4 weeks post inoculation (wpi, fungal quiescent state) and at 12 wpi (fungal pre-egression and egression states). The expressed fungal transcriptome highlighted that the fungus remodels its cell wall to evade plant chitinases besides undergoing basal metabolic activities. Berries responded by differentially regulating genes encoding for different PR proteins and genes involved in monolignol, flavonoid, and stilbenoid biosynthesis pathways. At 12 wpi, the transcriptome of B. cinerea in the pre-egressed samples showed that virulence-related genes were expressed, suggesting infection process was initiated. The egressed B. cinerea expressed almost all virulence and growth related genes that enabled the pathogen to colonize the berries. In response to egression, ripe berries reprogrammed different defense responses, though futile. Examples are activation of membrane localized kinases, stilbene synthases, and other PR proteins related to SA and JA-mediated responses. Our results indicated that hard-green berries defense program was capable to hamper B. cinerea growth. However, ripening associated fruit cell wall self-disassembly together with high humidity created the opportunity for the fungus to egress and cause bunch rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Plant Protection Research Division of Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Malacarne,
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- ESAT-ELECTA, Electrical Energy and Computer Architectures, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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26
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Chinello E, Modestino MA, Schüttauf JW, Coulot L, Ackermann M, Gerlich F, Faes A, Psaltis D, Moser C. A comparative performance analysis of stand-alone, off-grid solar-powered sodium hypochlorite generators. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14432-14442. [PMID: 35519297 PMCID: PMC9064146 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is a chemical commodity widely employed as a disinfection agent in water treatment applications. Its production commonly follows electrochemical routes in an undivided reactor. Powering the process with photovoltaic (PV) electricity holds the potential to install stand-alone, independent generators and reduce the NaClO production cost. This study reports the comparative assessment of autonomous, solar-powered sodium hypochlorite generators employing different photovoltaic (PV) technologies: silicon hetero-junction (SHJ) and multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. For Si hetero-junctions, the series connection of either four or five SHJ (4SHJ and 5SHJ, respectively) cells was implemented to obtain the reaction potential required. MJ cells were illuminated by a novel planar solar concentrator that guarantees solar tracking with minimal linear displacements. The three solar-hypochlorite generators were tested under real atmospheric conditions, demonstrating solar-to-chemical conversion efficiencies (SCE) of 9.8% for 4SHJ, 14.2% for 5SHJ and 25.1% for MJ solar cells, respectively. Simulations based on weather databases allowed us to assess efficiencies throughout the entire model year and resulted in specific sodium hypochlorite yearly production rates between 7.2–28 gNaClO cm−2 (referred to the PV surface), depending on the considered PV technology, location, and deployment of electronics converters. The economic viability and competitiveness of solar hypochlorite generators have been investigated and compared with an analog disinfection system deploying ultraviolet lamps. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of off-grid, solar-hypochlorite generators, and points towards the implementation of SHJ solar cells as a reliable technology for stand-alone solar-chemical devices. Solar-powered electrochemical technologies can be employed to generate valuable chemical commodities on-site. We demonstrate solar-driven production of sodium hypochlorite, a widely employed water disinfection agent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Chinello
- School of Engineering
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - M. A. Modestino
- Tandon School of Engineering
- New York University (NYU)
- Brooklyn
- New York
| | - J. W. Schüttauf
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM)
- Neuchâtel
- Switzerland
| | - L. Coulot
- Insolight SA
- CH 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - A. Faes
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (CSEM)
- Neuchâtel
- Switzerland
| | - D. Psaltis
- School of Engineering
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - C. Moser
- School of Engineering
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
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27
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Haile ZM, Nagpala-De Guzman EG, Moretto M, Sonego P, Engelen K, Zoli L, Moser C, Baraldi E. Transcriptome Profiles of Strawberry ( Fragaria vesca) Fruit Interacting With Botrytis cinerea at Different Ripening Stages. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1131. [PMID: 31620156 PMCID: PMC6759788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major cause of economic losses in strawberry fruit production, limiting fruit shelf life and commercialization. When the fungus infects Fragaria × ananassa strawberry at flowering or unripe fruit stages, symptoms develop after an extended latent phase on ripe fruits before or after harvesting. To elucidate the growth kinetics of B. cinerea on flower/fruit and the molecular responses associated with low susceptibility of unripe fruit stages, woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca flowers and fruits, at unripe white and ripe red stages, were inoculated with B. cinerea. Quantification of fungal genomic DNA within 72 h postinoculation (hpi) showed limited fungal growth on open flower and white fruit, while on red fruit, the growth was exponential starting from 24 hpi and sporulation was observed within 48 hpi. RNA sequencing applied to white and red fruit at 24 hpi showed that a total of 2,141 genes (12.5% of the total expressed genes) were differentially expressed due to B. cinerea infection. A broad transcriptional reprogramming was observed in both unripe and ripe fruits, involving in particular receptor and signaling, secondary metabolites, and defense response pathways. Membrane-localized receptor-like kinases and nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat genes were predominant in the surveillance system of the fruits, most of them being downregulated in white fruits and upregulated in red fruits. In general, unripe fruits exhibited a stronger defense response than red fruits. Genes encoding for pathogenesis-related proteins and flavonoid polyphenols as well as genes involved in cell-wall strengthening were upregulated, while cell-softening genes appeared to be switched off. As a result, B. cinerea remained quiescent in white fruits, while it was able to colonize ripe red fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Plant Protection Research Division of Melkasa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Marco Moretto
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- ESAT-ELECTA, Electrical Energy and Computer Architectures, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Zoli
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Baraldi,
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Fasula C, Marchal A, Krebs H, Moser C, Genre-Grandpierre R, Bobbia X, de La Coussaye JE, Claret PG. Le syndrome postgarde de nuit chez les médecins urgentistes : caractéristiques et facteurs influençants. Ann Fr Med Urgence 2018. [DOI: 10.3166/afmu-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction : Les urgentistes connaissent une privation de sommeil en lendemain de garde. Beaucoup ont des perceptions ou des comportements inhabituels que nous appelons syndrome post-garde de nuit (PGN). L’objectif principal était de caractériser le syndrome PGN des urgentistes. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d’établir une note évaluant le syndrome PGN et de déterminer les facteurs influençant ce syndrome PGN.
Méthode : Étude prospective de cohorte, observationnelle, multicentrique, auprès des urgentistes du Gard et de l’Hérault entre janvier et juin 2017. Deux questionnaires informatiques anonymes étaient diffusés aux structures d’urgences du Gard et de l’Hérault. En journée normale, hors sortie de garde, un questionnaire colligeait les symptômes ressentis habituellement en lendemain de garde, à coter entre 0 et 10. En sortie de garde, un autre questionnaire s’intéressait au ressenti de la garde réalisée et aux caractéristiques de cette garde. Les médecins étaient encouragés à répondre aux deux questionnaires.
Résultats : Cent treize médecins (45 %) ont répondu, 67 (59 %) à distance d’une garde et 46 (41 %) en post-garde immédiat. Le syndrome PGN comprend des symptômes somatiques (échelle visuelle analogique (EVA) = 5 [2–8]), comportementaux (EVA = 7 [3–8]), liés à l’humeur (EVA = 7[5–8]) et psychiques (EVA = 6 [4–8]). Ces symptômes en post-garde immédiat étaient ressentis de manière moins importante que lorsque décrit à distance (respectivement p = 0,001, p <0,001, p < 0,001, p = 0,002). Les gardes de SMUR (service mobile d’urgence et de réanimation) et de traumatologie étaient associées à un syndrome PGN moins marqué (respectivement p =0,035 et p = 0,02) que les gardes des filières médico-chirurgicales.
Conclusion : Il s’agit de la première évaluation du syndrome PGN chez les urgentistes français. Les symptômes en sont moins importants en post-garde immédiat. Les gardes de traumatologie et de SMUR semblent mieux tolérées.
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29
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Sohn M, Agha A, Trum E, Moser C, Iesalnieks I, Gundling F, Aigner F, Ritschl P. Frequency of metachronous polyps and adenocarcinoma in the interposed colon after esophagectomy in adults. coloproctology 2018; 40:349-351. [DOI: 10.1007/s00053-018-0280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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30
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Lerche CJ, Christophersen L, Jensen PO, Goetze JP, Nielsen PR, Thomsen K, Hoiby N, Bundgaard H, Moser C. P4509Dabigatran improves antibiotic efficacy in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C J Lerche
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Dept. of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Christophersen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Dept. of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P O Jensen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Dept. of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J P Goetze
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Dept. of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P R Nielsen
- University Hospital, Dept. of Pathology, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - K Thomsen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Dept. of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Hoiby
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Dept. of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Bundgaard
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Dept. of Cardiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Moser
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Dept. of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Thomsen K, Larsen S, Christophersen L, Lerche C, Høiby N, Moser C. WS04.2 Azithromycin treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection potentiates IgY pulmonary protection in vivo. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Malacarne G, Pilati S, Valentini S, Asnicar F, Moretto M, Sonego P, Masera L, Cavecchia V, Blanzieri E, Moser C. Discovering Causal Relationships in Grapevine Expression Data to Expand Gene Networks. A Case Study: Four Networks Related to Climate Change. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:1385. [PMID: 30298082 PMCID: PMC6161569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years the scientific community has been heavily engaged in studying the grapevine response to climate change. Final goal is the identification of key genetic traits to be used in grapevine breeding and the setting of agronomic practices to improve climatic resilience. The increasing availability of transcriptomic studies, describing gene expression in many tissues and developmental, or treatment conditions, have allowed the implementation of gene expression compendia, which enclose a huge amount of information. The mining of transcriptomic data represents an effective approach to expand a known local gene network (LGN) by finding new related genes. We recently published a pipeline based on the iterative application of the PC-algorithm, named NES2RA, to expand gene networks in Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we propose the application of this method to the grapevine transcriptomic compendium Vespucci, in order to expand four LGNs related to the grapevine response to climate change. Two networks are related to the secondary metabolic pathways for anthocyanin and stilbenoid synthesis, involved in the response to solar radiation, whereas the other two are signaling networks, related to the hormones abscisic acid and ethylene, possibly involved in the regulation of cell water balance and cuticle transpiration. The expansion networks produced by NES2RA algorithm have been evaluated by comparison with experimental data and biological knowledge on the identified genes showing fairly good consistency of the results. In addition, the algorithm was effective in retaining only the most significant interactions among the genes providing a useful framework for experimental validation. The application of the NES2RA to Vitis vinifera expression data by means of the BOINC-based implementation is available upon request (valter.cavecchia@cnr.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malacarne
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Samuel Valentini
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Francesco Asnicar
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Masera
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valter Cavecchia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Trento, Italy
| | - Enrico Blanzieri
- Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all′Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Claudio Moser,
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Dahl A, Lauridsen T, Hassager C, Arpi M, Moser C, Sogaard P, Bundgaard H, Ihlemann N, Bruun N. P4544Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis: prognostic factors, and 1-year survival vs propensity score matched patients with streptococcal endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Haile ZM, Pilati S, Sonego P, Malacarne G, Vrhovsek U, Engelen K, Tudzynski P, Zottini M, Baraldi E, Moser C. Molecular analysis of the early interaction between the grapevine flower and Botrytis cinerea reveals that prompt activation of specific host pathways leads to fungus quiescence. Plant Cell Environ 2017; 40:1409-1428. [PMID: 28239986 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grape quality and yield can be impaired by bunch rot, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Infection often occurs at flowering, and the pathogen stays quiescent until fruit maturity. Here, we report a molecular analysis of the early interaction between B. cinerea and Vitis vinifera flowers, using a controlled infection system, confocal microscopy and integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of the host and the pathogen. Flowers from fruiting cuttings of the cultivar Pinot Noir were infected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled B. cinerea and studied at 24 and 96 hours post-inoculation (h.p.i.). We observed that penetration of the epidermis by B. cinerea coincided with increased expression of genes encoding cell-wall-degrading enzymes, phytotoxins and proteases. Grapevine responded with a rapid defence reaction involving 1193 genes associated with the accumulation of antimicrobial proteins, polyphenols, reactive oxygen species and cell wall reinforcement. At 96 h.p.i., the reaction appears largely diminished both in the host and in the pathogen. Our data indicate that the defence responses of the grapevine flower collectively are able to restrict invasive fungal growth into the underlying tissues, thereby forcing the fungus to enter quiescence until the conditions become more favourable to resume pathogenic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Trentino, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46,, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Trentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Trentino, Italy
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Trentino, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Trentino, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Trentino, Italy
| | - Paul Tudzynski
- Institute for Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 8, D-48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Michela Zottini
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/B,, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46,, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige, 38010, Trentino, Italy
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Saw NMMT, Moser C, Martens S, Franceschi P. Applying generalized additive models to unravel dynamic changes in anthocyanin biosynthesis in methyl jasmonate elicited grapevine ( Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay) cell cultures. Hortic Res 2017; 4:17038. [PMID: 28758015 PMCID: PMC5527128 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell cultures represent important model systems to understand metabolism and its modulation by regulatory factors. Even in controlled conditions, cell metabolism is highly dynamic and can be fully characterized only by time course experiments. Here, we show that statistical analysis of this type of data gains power if it moves to approaches able to compare the 'trends' of the different metabolites. In particular, we show how generalized additive models can be used to model the time-dependent profile of anthocyanin synthesis in grapevine cell suspension cultures (Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay), following treatment with 100 μm methyl jasmonate. The sampling was performed daily for 20 days of culturing following elicitation at day 5. All samples were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS for the identification and quantification of fifteen anthocyanin compounds. The models confirmed the separation in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway between delphinidin-based and cyanidin-based compounds, showing that methyl jasmonate modulates the anthocyanin concentration profiles. Our results clearly indicate that the combination of high-throughput metabolomics and state of the art statistical modeling is a powerful approach to study plant metabolism. This approach is expected to gain popularity due to the growing availability of low-cost high-throughput 'omic' assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nay Min Min Thaw Saw
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38010, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38010, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38010, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige 38010, Italy
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Hjermind S, Green K, Ring A, Kongstad T, Buchvald F, Skov M, Moser C, Pressler T, Nielsen K. WS19.3 Does lung clearance index (LCI) reflect levels of IL-8 and IL-1β in BAL fluids from children with stable CF pulmonary disease? J Cyst Fibros 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(17)30264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Claret PG, Moser C, Duchenne J, Dahan B, Cesareo E, Freund Y. Actualités en médecine d’urgence. Ann Fr Med Urgence 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13341-017-0725-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pilati S, Bagagli G, Sonego P, Moretto M, Brazzale D, Castorina G, Simoni L, Tonelli C, Guella G, Engelen K, Galbiati M, Moser C. Abscisic Acid Is a Major Regulator of Grape Berry Ripening Onset: New Insights into ABA Signaling Network. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1093. [PMID: 28680438 PMCID: PMC5479058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is a world-wide cultivated economically relevant crop. The process of berry ripening is non-climacteric and does not rely on the sole ethylene signal. Abscisic acid (ABA) is recognized as an important hormone of ripening inception and color development in ripening berries. In order to elucidate the effect of this signal at the molecular level, pre-véraison berries were treated ex vivo for 20 h with 0.2 mM ABA and berry skin transcriptional modulation was studied by RNA-seq after the treatment and 24 h later, in the absence of exogenous ABA. This study highlighted that a small amount of ABA triggered its own biosynthesis and had a transcriptome-wide effect (1893 modulated genes) characterized by the amplification of the transcriptional response over time. By comparing this dataset with the many studies on ripening collected within the grapevine transcriptomic compendium Vespucci, an extended overlap between ABA- and ripening modulated gene sets was observed (71% of the genes), underpinning the role of this hormone in the regulation of berry ripening. The signaling network of ABA, encompassing ABA metabolism, transport and signaling cascade, has been analyzed in detail and expanded based on knowledge from other species in order to provide an integrated molecular description of this pathway at berry ripening onset. Expression data analysis was combined with in silico promoter analysis to identify candidate target genes of ABA responsive element binding protein 2 (VvABF2), a key upstream transcription factor of the ABA signaling cascade which is up-regulated at véraison and also by ABA treatments. Two transcription factors, VvMYB143 and VvNAC17, and two genes involved in protein degradation, Armadillo-like and Xerico-like genes, were selected for in vivo validation by VvABF2-mediated promoter trans-activation in tobacco. VvNAC17 and Armadillo-like promoters were induced by ABA via VvABF2, while VvMYB143 responded to ABA in a VvABF2-independent manner. This knowledge of the ABA cascade in berry skin contributes not only to the understanding of berry ripening regulation but might be useful to other areas of viticultural interest, such as bud dormancy regulation and drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pilati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all′Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Pilati,
| | - Giorgia Bagagli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Daniele Brazzale
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Giulia Castorina
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Laura Simoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Graziano Guella
- Department of Physics, Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, University of TrentoTrento, Italy
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheTrento, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all′Adige, Italy
| | - Massimo Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilan, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all′Adige, Italy
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Malacarne G, Coller E, Czemmel S, Vrhovsek U, Engelen K, Goremykin V, Bogs J, Moser C. The grapevine VvibZIPC22 transcription factor is involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:3509-22. [PMID: 27194742 PMCID: PMC4892739 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In grapevine, flavonoids constitute one of the most abundant subgroups of secondary metabolites, influencing the quality, health value, and typicity of wines. Their synthesis in many plant species is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by modulation of flavonoid pathway genes either by single regulators or by complexes of different regulators. In particular, bZIP and MYB factors interact synergistically in the recognition of light response units present in the promoter of some genes of the pathway, thus mediating light-dependent flavonoid biosynthesis. We recently identified VvibZIPC22, a member of clade C of the grapevine bZIP family, in a quantitative trait locus (QTL) specifically associated with kaemperol content in mature berries. Here, to validate the involvement of this candidate gene in the fine regulation of flavonol biosynthesis, we characterized its function by in vitro and in vivo experiments. A role for this gene in the control of flavonol biosynthesis was indeed confirmed by its highest expression at flowering and during UV light-mediated induction, paralleled by accumulation of the flavonol synthase 1 transcript and flavonol compounds. The overexpression of VvibZIPC22 in tobacco caused a significant increase in several flavonoids in the flower, via induction of general and specific genes of the pathway. In agreement with this evidence, VvibZIPC22 was able to activate the promoters of specific genes of the flavonoid pathway, alone or together with other factors, as revealed by transient reporter assays. These findings, supported by in silico indications, allowed us to propose VvibZIPC22 as a new regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malacarne
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Coller
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefan Czemmel
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Vadim Goremykin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Jochen Bogs
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany Studiengang Weinbau und Oenologie, Dienstleistungszentrum Laendlicher Raum Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt, Germany
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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Thomsen K, Trøstrup H, Christophersen L, Lundquist R, Høiby N, Moser C. The phagocytic fitness of leucopatches may impact the healing of chronic wounds. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 184:368-77. [PMID: 26830371 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds are significantly bothersome to patients and can result in severe complications. In addition, they are increasing in numbers, and a challenging problem to the health-care system. Handling of chronic, non-healing wounds can be discouraging due to lack of improvement, and a recent explanation can be the involvement of biofilm infections in the pathogenesis of non-healing wounds. Therefore, new treatment alternatives to improve outcome are continuously sought-after. Autologous leucopatches are such a new, adjunctive treatment option, showing promising clinical effects. However, the beneficial effect of the patches are not understood fully, although a major contribution is believed to be from the release of stimulating growth factors from activated thrombocytes within the leucopatch. Because the leucopatches also contain substantial numbers of leucocytes, the aim of the present study was to investigate the activity of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) within the leucopatch. By means of burst assay, phagocytosis assay, migration assay, biofilm killing assay and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) assay we showed significant respiratory burst in PMNs, active phagocytosis and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the leucopatch. In addition, bacterial-induced migration of PMNs from the leucopatch was shown, as well as uptake of P. aeruginosa by PMNs within the leucopatch. The present study substantiated that at least part of the beneficial clinical effect in chronic wounds by leucopatches is attributed to the activity of the PMNs in the leucopatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
| | - H Trøstrup
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
| | - L Christophersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
| | | | - N Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
| | - C Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen
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Leida C, Dal Rì A, Dalla Costa L, Gómez MD, Pompili V, Sonego P, Engelen K, Masuero D, Ríos G, Moser C. Insights into the Role of the Berry-Specific Ethylene Responsive Factor VviERF045. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1793. [PMID: 28018369 PMCID: PMC5146979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
During grape ripening, numerous transcriptional and metabolic changes are required in order to obtain colored, sweet, and flavored berries. There is evidence that ethylene, together with other signals, plays an important role in triggering the onset of ripening. Here, we report the functional characterization of a berry-specific Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF), VviERF045, which is induced just before véraison and peaks at ripening. Phylogenetic analysis revealed it is close to the SHINE clade of ERFs, factors involved in the regulation of wax biosynthesis and cuticle morphology. Transgenic grapevines lines overexpressing VviERF045 were obtained, in vitro propagated, phenotypically characterized, and analyzed for the content of specific classes of metabolites. The effect of VviERF045 was correlated with the level of transgene expression, with high-expressing lines showing stunted growth, discolored and smaller leaves, and a lower level of chlorophylls and carotenoids. One line with intermediate expression, L15, was characterized at the transcriptomic level and showed 573 differentially expressed genes compared to wild type plants. Microscopy and gene expression analyses point toward a major role of VviERF045 in epidermis patterning by acting on waxes and cuticle. They also indicate that VviERF045 affects phenolic secondary metabolism and induces a reaction resembling a plant immune response with modulation of receptor like-kinases and pathogen related genes. These results suggest also a possible role of this transcription factor in berry ripening, likely related to changes in epidermis and cuticle of the berry, cell expansion, a decrease in photosynthetic capacity, and the activation of several defense related genes as well as from the phenylpropanoid metabolism. All these processes occur in the berry during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Leida
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Carmen Leida,
| | - Antonio Dal Rì
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Maria D. Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Valerio Pompili
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Gabino Ríos
- Fruit Tree Breeding Department, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones AgrariasMoncada, Spain
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’Adige, Italy
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Moretto M, Sonego P, Pilati S, Malacarne G, Costantini L, Grzeskowiak L, Bagagli G, Grando MS, Moser C, Engelen K. VESPUCCI: Exploring Patterns of Gene Expression in Grapevine. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:633. [PMID: 27242836 PMCID: PMC4862315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale transcriptional studies aim to decipher the dynamic cellular responses to a stimulus, like different environmental conditions. In the era of high-throughput omics biology, the most used technologies for these purposes are microarray and RNA-Seq, whose data are usually required to be deposited in public repositories upon publication. Such repositories have the enormous potential to provide a comprehensive view of how different experimental conditions lead to expression changes, by comparing gene expression across all possible measured conditions. Unfortunately, this task is greatly impaired by differences among experimental platforms that make direct comparisons difficult. In this paper, we present the Vitis Expression Studies Platform Using COLOMBOS Compendia Instances (VESPUCCI), a gene expression compendium for grapevine which was built by adapting an approach originally developed for bacteria, and show how it can be used to investigate complex gene expression patterns. We integrated nearly all publicly available microarray and RNA-Seq expression data: 1608 gene expression samples from 10 different technological platforms. Each sample has been manually annotated using a controlled vocabulary developed ad hoc to ensure both human readability and computational tractability. Expression data in the compendium can be visually explored using several tools provided by the web interface or can be programmatically accessed using the REST interface. VESPUCCI is freely accessible at http://vespucci.colombos.fmach.it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Moretto
- Department of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Department of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Laura Costantini
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Lukasz Grzeskowiak
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bagagli
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crop, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- Department of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione Edmund MachTrento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Kristof Engelen,
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Lerche CJ, Christophersen LJ, Trøstrup H, Thomsen K, Jensen PØ, Hougen HP, Bundgaard H, Høiby N, Moser C. Low efficacy of tobramycin in experimental Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:2349-57. [PMID: 26440039 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The empiric treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) varies widely and, in some places, a regimen of penicillin in combination with an aminoglycoside is administered. The increasing incidence of Staphylococcus aureus IE, poor tissue penetration by aminoglycosides and low frequency of penicillin-susceptible S. aureus may potentially lead to functional tobramycin monotherapy. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate tobramycin monotherapy in an experimental S. aureus IE rat model. Catheter-induced IE at the aortic valves were established with S. aureus (NCTC 8325-4) and rats were randomised into untreated (n = 22) or tobramycin-treated (n = 13) groups. The treatment group received tobramycin once-daily. Animals were evaluated at 1 day post infection (DPI), 2 DPI or 3 DPI. Quantitative bacteriology and cytokine expression were measured for valves, myocardium and serum. A decrease of bacterial load was observed in valves and the spleens of the treated (n = 6) compared to the untreated group at 2 DPI (n = 8) (p ≤ 0.02 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively), but not at 3 DPI (n = 7). Quantitative bacteriology in the myocardium was not different between the groups. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) in the aortic valves was significantly reduced at 2 DPI in the tobramycin-treated group (p ≤ 0.03). However, the expression of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6 and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the valves was not different between the two groups. In the myocardium, a significant reduction in IL-1b was observed at 2 DPI (p ≤ 0.001) but not at 3 DPI. Tobramycin as functional monotherapy only reduced bacterial load and inflammation transiently, and was insufficient in most cases of S. aureus IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Lerche
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries vej 22, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - L J Christophersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries vej 22, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Trøstrup
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries vej 22, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries vej 22, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Ø Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries vej 22, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H P Hougen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries vej 22, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Juliane Maries vej 22, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Malacarne G, Costantini L, Coller E, Battilana J, Velasco R, Vrhovsek U, Grando MS, Moser C. Regulation of flavonol content and composition in (Syrah×Pinot Noir) mature grapes: integration of transcriptional profiling and metabolic quantitative trait locus analyses. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:4441-53. [PMID: 26071529 PMCID: PMC4507773 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols are a ubiquitous class of flavonoids that accumulate preferentially in flowers and mature berries. Besides their photo-protective function, they play a fundamental role during winemaking, stabilizing the colour by co-pigmentation with anthocyanins and contributing to organoleptic characteristics. Although the general flavonol pathway has been genetically and biochemically elucidated, the genetic control of flavonol content and composition at harvest is still not clear. To this purpose, the grapes of 170 segregating F1 individuals from a 'Syrah'×'Pinot Noir' population were evaluated at the mature stage for the content of six flavonol aglycons in four seasons. Metabolic data in combination with genetic data enabled the identification of 16 mQTLs (metabolic quantitative trait loci). For the first time, major genetic control by the linkage group 2 (LG 2)/MYBA region on flavonol variation, in particular of tri-hydroxylated flavonols, is demonstrated. Moreover, seven regions specifically associated with the fine control of flavonol biosynthesis are identified. Gene expression profiling of two groups of individuals significantly divergent for their skin flavonol content identified a large set of differentially modulated transcripts. Among these, the transcripts coding for MYB and bZIP transcription factors, methyltranferases, and glucosyltranferases specific for flavonols, proteins, and factors belonging to the UV-B signalling pathway and co-localizing with the QTL regions are proposed as candidate genes for the fine regulation of flavonol content and composition in mature grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Malacarne
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Costantini
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Emanuela Coller
- Computational Biology Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Juri Battilana
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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Costantini L, Malacarne G, Lorenzi S, Troggio M, Mattivi F, Moser C, Grando MS. New candidate genes for the fine regulation of the colour of grapes. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:4427-40. [PMID: 26071528 PMCID: PMC4507754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, great progress has been made in clarifying the main determinants of anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. However, the molecular details of the fine variation among cultivars, which ultimately contributes to wine typicity, are still not completely understood. To shed light on this issue, the grapes of 170 F1 progeny from the cross 'Syrah'×'Pinot Noir' were characterized at the mature stage for the content of 15 anthocyanins during four growing seasons. This huge data set was used in combination with a dense genetic map to detect genomic regions controlling the anthocyanin pathway both at key enzymatic points and at particular branches. Genes putatively involved in fine tuning the global regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis were identified by exploring the gene predictions in the QTL (quantitative trait locus) confidence intervals and their expression profile during berry development in offspring with contrasting anthocyanin accumulation. New information on some aspects which had scarcely been investigated so far, such as anthocyanin transport into the vacuole, or completely neglected, such as acylation, is provided. These genes represent a valuable resource in grapevine molecular-based breeding programmes to improve both fruit and wine quality and to tailor wine sensory properties according to consumer demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Costantini
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Lorenzi
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Michela Troggio
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38010 S. Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
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Thomsen K, Christophersen L, Bjarnsholt T, Jensen PØ, Moser C, Høiby N. Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY Antibodies Induce Specific Bacterial Aggregation and Internalization in Human Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2686-93. [PMID: 25895968 PMCID: PMC4468541 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02970-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are essential cellular constituents in the innate host response, and their recruitment to the lungs and subsequent ubiquitous phagocytosis controls primary respiratory infection. Cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease is characterized by progressive pulmonary decline governed by a persistent, exaggerated inflammatory response dominated by PMNs. The principal contributor is chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm infection, which attracts and activates PMNs and thereby is responsible for the continuing inflammation. Strategies to prevent initial airway colonization with P. aeruginosa by augmenting the phagocytic competence of PMNs may postpone the deteriorating chronic biofilm infection. Anti-P. aeruginosa IgY antibodies significantly increase the PMN-mediated respiratory burst and subsequent bacterial killing of P. aeruginosa in vitro. The mode of action is attributed to IgY-facilitated formation of immobilized bacteria in aggregates, as visualized by fluorescence microscopy and the induction of increased bacterial hydrophobicity. Thus, the present study demonstrates that avian egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) targeting P. aeruginosa modify bacterial fitness, which enhances bacterial killing by PMN-mediated phagocytosis and thereby may facilitate a rapid bacterial clearance in airways of people with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Christophersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Bjarnsholt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Ø Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Modestino MA, Dumortier M, Hosseini Hashemi SM, Haussener S, Moser C, Psaltis D. Vapor-fed microfluidic hydrogen generator. Lab Chip 2015; 15:2287-2296. [PMID: 25882292 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00259a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water-splitting devices that operate with humid air feeds are an attractive alternative for hydrogen production as the required water input can be obtained directly from ambient air. This article presents a novel proof-of-concept microfluidic platform that makes use of polymeric ion conductor (Nafion®) thin films to absorb water from air and performs the electrochemical water-splitting process. Modelling and experimental tools are used to demonstrate that these microstructured devices can achieve the delicate balance between water, gas, and ionic transport processes required for vapor-fed devices to operate continuously and at steady state, at current densities above 3 mA cm(-2). The results presented here show that factors such as the thickness of the Nafion films covering the electrodes, convection of air streams, and water content of the ionomer can significantly affect the device performance. The insights presented in this work provide important guidelines for the material requirements and device designs that can be used to create practical electrochemical hydrogen generators that work directly under ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Modestino
- School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 17, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Høiby N, Bjarnsholt T, Moser C, Bassi G, Coenye T, Donelli G, Hall-Stoodley L, Holá V, Imbert C, Kirketerp-Møller K, Lebeaux D, Oliver A, Ullmann A, Williams C. ESCMID∗ guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of biofilm infections 2014. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21 Suppl 1:S1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Leida C, Moser C, Esteras C, Sulpice R, Lunn JE, de Langen F, Monforte AJ, Picó B. Variability of candidate genes, genetic structure and association with sugar accumulation and climacteric behavior in a broad germplasm collection of melon (Cucumis melo L.). BMC Genet 2015; 16:28. [PMID: 25886993 PMCID: PMC4380257 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A collection of 175 melon (Cucumis melo L.) accessions (including wild relatives, feral types, landraces, breeding lines and commercial cultivars) from 50 countries was selected to study the phenotypic variability for ripening behavior and sugar accumulation. The variability of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 53 selected candidate genes involved in sugar accumulation and fruit ripening processes was studied, as well as their association with phenotypic variation of related traits. Results The collection showed a strong genetic structure, defining seven groups plus a number of accessions that could not be associated to any of the groups (admixture), which fitted well with the botanical classification of melon varieties. The variability in candidate genes for ethylene, cell wall and sugar-related traits was high and similar to SNPs located in reference genes. Variability at ripening candidate genes had an important weight on the genetic stratification of melon germplasm, indicating that traditional farmers might have selected for ripening traits during cultivar diversification. A strong relationship was also found between the genetic structure and phenotypic diversity, which could hamper genetic association studies. Accessions belonging to the ameri group are the most appropriate for association analysis given the high phenotypic and molecular diversity within the group, and lack of genetic structure. The most remarkable association was found between sugar content and SNPs in LG III, where a hotspot of sugar content QTLs has previously been defined. By studying the differences in allelic variation of SNPs within horticultural groups with specific phenotypic features, we also detected differential variation in sugar-related candidates located in LGIX and LGX, and in ripening-related candidates located in LGII and X, all in regions with previously mapped QTLs for the corresponding traits. Conclusions In the current study we have found an important variability at both the phenotypic and candidate gene levels for ripening behavior and sugar accumulation in melon fruit. By combination of differences in allelic diversity and association analysis, we have identified several candidate genes that may be involved in the melon phenotypic diversity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0183-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Leida
- Research and Innovation Center, Department Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele, Italy.
| | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Center, Department Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010, San Michele, Italy.
| | - Cristina Esteras
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany. .,Plant Systems Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Science, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre, National University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
| | - John E Lunn
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Frank de Langen
- HMCLAUSE (Business Unit of Limagrain), Station de Mas Saint Pierre, La Galine, 13210, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, France.
| | - Antonio J Monforte
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación (CPI), Ed. 8E, C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Belen Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Scheller T, Hellerbrand C, Moser C, Schmidt K, Kroemer A, Brunner SM, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Lang SA. mTOR inhibition improves fibroblast growth factor receptor targeting in hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:841-50. [PMID: 25688743 PMCID: PMC4453944 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic therapy has proven only marginal effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) on tumour and stromal cells in HCC models. METHODS Human and murine HCC cells, endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), human HCC samples, FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin were used. Effects on growth, motility, signalling and angiogenic markers were determined. In vivo subcutaneous and syngeneic orthotopic tumour models were used. RESULTS In tumour cells and ECs, targeting FGFR showed significant inhibitory effects on signalling and motility. Minor effects of FGFR inhibition were observed on VSMCs and HSCs, which were significantly enhanced by combining FGFR and mTOR blockade. In vivo daily (5 mg kg(-1)) treatment with BGJ398 led to a significant growth inhibition in subcutaneous tumour models, but only a combination of FGFR and mTOR blockade impaired tumour growth in the orthotopic model. This was paralleled by reduced tumour cell proliferation, vascularisation, pericytes and increased apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Targeting FGFR with BGJ398 affects tumour cells and ECs, whereas only a combination with mTOR inhibition impairs recruitment of VSMCs and HSCs. Therefore, this study provides evidence for combined FGFR/mTOR inhibition in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Scheller
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Moser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Kroemer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S M Brunner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - H J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - E K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S A Lang
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg Medical Center, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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