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Jhaveri U, Jeffries C, Ranjan S, Latona J, Jesuthasan B, Challa P, Dahiya A. Integration of Contemporary CT Coronary Angiography in Care of Patients Suspected to have Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Hammill JT, Bhasin D, Scott DC, Min J, Chen Y, Lu Y, Yang L, Kim HS, Connelly MC, Hammill C, Holbrook G, Jeffries C, Singh B, Schulman BA, Guy RK. Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Defective in Cullin Neddylation 1 (DCN1)-Mediated Cullin Neddylation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2694-2706. [PMID: 29547693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the discovery, validation, and structure-activity relationships of a series of piperidinyl ureas that potently inhibit the DCN1-UBE2M interaction. We demonstrated that compound 7 inhibits both the DCN1-UBE2M protein-protein interaction and DCN1-mediated cullin neddylation in biochemical assays and reduces levels of steady-state cullin neddylation in a squamous carcinoma cell line harboring DCN1 amplification. Although compound 7 exhibits good solubility and permeability, it is rapidly metabolized in microsomal models (CLint = 170 mL/min/kg). This work lays out the discovery of an orally bioavailable analogue, NAcM-OPT (67). Compound 67 retains the favorable biochemical and cellular activity of compound 7 but is significantly more stable both in vitro and in vivo. Compound 67 is orally bioavailable, well tolerated in mice, and currently used to study the effects of acute pharmacologic inhibition of the DCN1-UBE2M interaction on the NEDD8/CUL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T Hammill
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Deepak Bhasin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Daniel C Scott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States.,Department of Structural Biology , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Yizhe Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Ho Shin Kim
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Michele C Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Courtney Hammill
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Gloria Holbrook
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology , Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center , New York , New York , 10065 United States
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States.,Department of Structural Biology , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Theraputics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 United States
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3
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Ling T, Lang W, Feng X, Das S, Maier J, Jeffries C, Shelat A, Rivas F. Novel vitexin-inspired scaffold against leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:501-510. [PMID: 29407975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia in children. Up to a quarter of ALL patients relapse and face poor prognosis. To identify new compound leads, we conducted a phenotypic screen using terrestrial natural product (NP) fractions against immortalized ALL cellular models. We identified vitexin, a flavonoid, as a promising hit with biological activity (EC50 = 30 μM) in pre-B cell ALL models with no toxicity against normal human tissue (BJ cells) at the tested concentrations. To develop more potent compounds against ALL and elucidate its potential mode of action, a vitexin-inspired compound library was synthesized. Thus, we developed an improved and scalable protocol for the direct synthesis of 4-quinolone core heterocycles containing an N-sulfonamide using a one-pot condensation reaction protocol. The newly generated compounds represent a novel molecular scaffold against ALL as exemplified by compounds 13 and 15, which demonstrated EC50 values in the low micromolar range (0.3-10 μM) with little to no toxicity in normal cellular models. Computational studies support the hypothesis that these compounds are potential CDK inhibitors. The compounds induced apoptosis, caused cell arrest at G0/G1 and G2/M, and induced ROS in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Ling
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Walter Lang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Xiang Feng
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Julie Maier
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Anang Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Fatima Rivas
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.
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4
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Gounden S, Reyaldeen R, Jeffries C, Jesuthasan B, Ranjan S, Challa P, Dahiya A. The Diagnostic Performance of Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography in Patients Above the Age of 65 Years Versus Those Under 65 Years of Age. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Shah NS, Flood-Bryzman A, Jeffries C, Scott J. Toward a generation free of tuberculosis: TB disease and infection in individuals of college age in the United States. J Am Coll Health 2018; 66:17-22. [PMID: 28800282 PMCID: PMC9394587 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1363765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the magnitude of active TB disease and latent TB infection (LTBI) in young adults of college age. PARTICIPANTS Individuals who were aged 18-24 years in 2011 were used as a proxy for college students. METHODS Active TB cases reported to the 2011 US National TB Surveillance System (NTSS) were included. LTBI prevalence was calculated from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The 2011 American Community Survey was used to calculate population denominators. Analyses were stratified by nativity. RESULTS Active TB disease incidence among persons aged 18-24 years was 2.82/100,000, 18.8/100,000 among foreign-born individuals and 0.9/100,000 among US-born individuals. In 2011, 878 TB cases were reported; 629 (71.6%) were foreign-born. LTBI prevalence among persons of 18-24 years was 2.5%: 8.7% and 1.3% among foreign-born and US-born, respectively. CONCLUSION Active screening and treatment programs for foreign-born young adults could identify TB cases earlier and provide an opportunity for prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Shah
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - C. Jeffries
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Division of TB Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J. Scott
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Colby College, Waterville, Maine, USA
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6
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Uhlik MT, Liu J, Falcon BL, Iyer S, Stewart J, Celikkaya H, O'Mahony M, Sevinsky C, Lowes C, Douglass L, Jeffries C, Bodenmiller D, Chintharlapalli S, Fischl A, Gerald D, Xue Q, Lee JY, Santamaria-Pang A, Al-Kofahi Y, Sui Y, Desai K, Doman T, Aggarwal A, Carter JH, Pytowski B, Jaminet SC, Ginty F, Nasir A, Nagy JA, Dvorak HF, Benjamin LE. Stromal-Based Signatures for the Classification of Gastric Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 76:2573-86. [PMID: 27197264 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic gastric cancer typically involves chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies targeting HER2 (ERBB2) and VEGFR2 (KDR). However, reliable methods to identify patients who would benefit most from a combination of treatment modalities targeting the tumor stroma, including new immunotherapy approaches, are still lacking. Therefore, we integrated a mouse model of stromal activation and gastric cancer genomic information to identify gene expression signatures that may inform treatment strategies. We generated a mouse model in which VEGF-A is expressed via adenovirus, enabling a stromal response marked by immune infiltration and angiogenesis at the injection site, and identified distinct stromal gene expression signatures. With these data, we designed multiplexed IHC assays that were applied to human primary gastric tumors and classified each tumor to a dominant stromal phenotype representative of the vascular and immune diversity found in gastric cancer. We also refined the stromal gene signatures and explored their relation to the dominant patient phenotypes identified by recent large-scale studies of gastric cancer genomics (The Cancer Genome Atlas and Asian Cancer Research Group), revealing four distinct stromal phenotypes. Collectively, these findings suggest that a genomics-based systems approach focused on the tumor stroma can be used to discover putative predictive biomarkers of treatment response, especially to antiangiogenesis agents and immunotherapy, thus offering an opportunity to improve patient stratification. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2573-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Uhlik
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Beverly L Falcon
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Seema Iyer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
| | - Julie Stewart
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hilal Celikkaya
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Christina Lowes
- General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York
| | - Larry Douglass
- Department of Pathology, Wood Hudson Medical Center, Covington, Kentucky
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Diane Bodenmiller
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Anthony Fischl
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Damien Gerald
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
| | - Qi Xue
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York
| | - Jee-Yun Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Seoul Korea
| | | | | | - Yunxia Sui
- General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York
| | - Keyur Desai
- General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York
| | - Thompson Doman
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Amit Aggarwal
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Julia H Carter
- Department of Pathology, Wood Hudson Medical Center, Covington, Kentucky
| | | | - Shou-Ching Jaminet
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fiona Ginty
- General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York
| | - Aejaz Nasir
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Janice A Nagy
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harold F Dvorak
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E Benjamin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, New York, New York.
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7
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Hatfield MJ, Chen J, Fratt EM, Chi L, Bollinger JC, Binder RJ, Bowling J, Hyatt JL, Scarborough J, Jeffries C, Potter PM. Selective Inhibitors of Human Liver Carboxylesterase Based on a β-Lapachone Scaffold: Novel Reagents for Reaction Profiling. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1568-1579. [PMID: 28112927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) are ubiquitous enzymes that are responsible for the metabolism of xenobiotics, including drugs such as irinotecan and oseltamivir. Inhibition of CEs significantly modulates the efficacy of such agents. We report here that β-lapachone is a potent, reversible CE inhibitor with Ki values in the nanomolar range. A series of amino and phenoxy analogues have been synthesized, and although the former are very poor inhibitors, the latter compounds are highly effective in modulating CE activity. Our data demonstrate that tautomerism of the amino derivatives to the imino forms likely accounts for their loss in biological activity. A series of N-methylated amino derivatives, which are unable to undergo such tautomerism, were equal in potency to the phenoxy analogues and demonstrated selectivity for the liver enzyme hCE1. These specific inhibitors, which are active in cell culture models, will be exceptionally useful reagents for reaction profiling of esterified drugs in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jason Hatfield
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Ellie M Fratt
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Liying Chi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - John C Bollinger
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Randall J Binder
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - John Bowling
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Janice L Hyatt
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Jerrod Scarborough
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Philip M Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, ‡Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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8
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Reyaldeen R, Gounden S, Jeffries C, Jesuthasan B, Ranjan S, Challa P, Dahiya A. Impact of Age, Gender and Cardiac Risk Factors on Diagnostic Ability of Low Radiation CTCA in Patients Above the Age of 65 Years. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Hamilton J, Garces Bovett C, Harris C, Jeffries C, Jones T. FRI0629-HPR Back To Action: A Guide To Exercising Safely in The Gym with Ankylosing Spondylitis - Book and App User Perspectives. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.1194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Zhang J, Bowling JJ, Smithson D, Clark J, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Connelly M, Samoylenko V, Ibrahim MA, Zaki MA, Wang M, Hester JP, Tu Y, Jeffries C, Twarog N, Shelat AA, Walker LA, Muhammad I, Guy RK. Diversity-oriented natural product platform identifies plant constituents targeting Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 2016; 15:270. [PMID: 27165106 PMCID: PMC4863362 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A diverse library of pre-fractionated plant extracts, generated by an automated high-throughput system, was tested using an in vitro anti-malarial screening platform to identify known or new natural products for lead development. The platform identifies hits on the basis of in vitro growth inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum and counter-screens for cytotoxicity to human foreskin fibroblast or embryonic kidney cell lines. The physical library was supplemented by early-stage collection of analytical data for each fraction to aid rapid identification of the active components within each screening hit. Results A total of 16,177 fractions from 1300 plants were screened, identifying several P. falciparum inhibitory fractions from 35 plants. Although individual fractions were screened for bioactivity to ensure adequate signal in the analytical characterizations, fractions containing less than 2.0 mg of dry weight were combined to produce combined fractions (COMBIs). Fractions of active COMBIs had EC50 values of 0.21–50.28 and 0.08–20.04 µg/mL against chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains, respectively. In Berberis thunbergii, eight known alkaloids were dereplicated quickly from its COMBIs, but berberine was the most-active constituent against P. falciparum. The triterpenoids α-betulinic acid and β-betulinic acid of Eugenia rigida were also isolated as hits. Validation of the anti-malarial discovery platform was confirmed by these scaled isolations from B. thunbergii and E. rigida. Conclusions These results demonstrate the value of curating and exploring a library of natural products for small molecule drug discovery. Attention given to the diversity of plant species represented in the library, focus on practical analytical data collection, and the use of counter-screens all facilitate the identification of anti-malarial compounds for lead development or new tools for chemical biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1313-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - John J Bowling
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - David Smithson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.,Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie Clark
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Michele Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Vladimir Samoylenko
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Keiser University, West Palm Beach, FL, USA
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed A Zaki
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - John P Hester
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Nathaniel Twarog
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Anang A Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Larry A Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA.
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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11
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Madhura DB, Trivedi A, Liu J, Boyd VA, Jeffries C, Loveless V, Lee RE, Meibohm B. Tissue Penetration of a Novel Spectinamide Antibiotic for the Treatment of Tuberculosis. AAPS J 2016; 18:788-91. [PMID: 26984832 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9900-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 1329, a novel spectinamide antibiotic with anti-tubercular activity, were studied during intravenous administration of an tritium-labeled compound for nine consecutive, 12-hourly doses to rats. Serial blood samples were collected after the first and the eighth dose, and major organs and tissues were collected 1 h after the ninth dose. Urinary and fecal excretion was monitored throughout the dosing period. Radioactivity in the collected samples was assessed by scintillation counting. During the course of treatment, 86.6% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in urine, feces, organs, and muscle tissue. Urinary excretion was the major route of elimination, with 70% of radioactivity recovered from urine and 12.6% from feces. The time profiles of radioactivity in serum after the first and the eighth dose were identical for the first 2 h post-dose, with similar Cmax (3.39 vs. 3.55 mCi/L) and AUC0-τ (5.08 vs. 5.17 mCi • h/L), indicating no substantial accumulation of 1329 during multiple dosing. Radioactivity in major target organs for pulmonary tuberculosis infection, the lungs and spleen, was 2.79- and 3.06-fold higher than in the blood. Similarly, the intracellular uptake of 1329 into macrophages was sixfold higher than for streptomycin. Overall, these observations suggest biodistribution properties favorable for targeting pulmonary tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Babu Madhura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Suite 444, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA
| | - Ashit Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Suite 444, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA
| | - Jiuyu Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Vincent A Boyd
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Vivian Loveless
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Suite 444, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA
| | - Richard E Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, 38105, USA
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Suite 444, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA.
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12
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Moriyama T, Nishii R, Perez-Andreu V, Yang W, Klussmann FA, Zhao X, Lin TN, Hoshitsuki K, Nersting J, Kihira K, Hofmann U, Komada Y, Kato M, McCorkle R, Li L, Koh K, Najera CR, Kham SKY, Isobe T, Chen Z, Chiew EKH, Bhojwani D, Jeffries C, Lu Y, Schwab M, Inaba H, Pui CH, Relling MV, Manabe A, Hori H, Schmiegelow K, Yeoh AEJ, Evans WE, Yang JJ. NUDT15 polymorphisms alter thiopurine metabolism and hematopoietic toxicity. Nat Genet 2016; 48:367-73. [PMID: 26878724 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Widely used as anticancer and immunosuppressive agents, thiopurines have narrow therapeutic indices owing to frequent toxicities, partly explained by TPMT genetic polymorphisms. Recent studies identified germline NUDT15 variation as another critical determinant of thiopurine intolerance, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and the clinical implications of this pharmacogenetic association remain unknown. In 270 children enrolled in clinical trials for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Guatemala, Singapore and Japan, we identified four NUDT15 coding variants (p.Arg139Cys, p.Arg139His, p.Val18Ile and p.Val18_Val19insGlyVal) that resulted in 74.4-100% loss of nucleotide diphosphatase activity. Loss-of-function NUDT15 diplotypes were consistently associated with thiopurine intolerance across the three cohorts (P = 0.021, 2.1 × 10(-5) and 0.0054, respectively; meta-analysis P = 4.45 × 10(-8), allelic effect size = -11.5). Mechanistically, NUDT15 inactivated thiopurine metabolites and decreased thiopurine cytotoxicity in vitro, and patients with defective NUDT15 alleles showed excessive levels of thiopurine active metabolites and toxicity. Taken together, these results indicate that a comprehensive pharmacogenetic model integrating NUDT15 variants may inform personalized thiopurine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Moriyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Rina Nishii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Virginia Perez-Andreu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wenjian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Federico Antillon Klussmann
- Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica, Guatemala City, Guatemala.,Francisco Marroquin Medical School, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Xujie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ting-Nien Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keito Hoshitsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob Nersting
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kentaro Kihira
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yoshihiro Komada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert McCorkle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katsuyoshi Koh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Shirley Kow-Yin Kham
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Tomoya Isobe
- Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Deepa Bhojwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mary V Relling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allen E J Yeoh
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.,Viva University Children's Cancer Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - William E Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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13
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Ravu RR, Jacob MR, Jeffries C, Tu Y, Khan SI, Agarwal AK, Guy RK, Walker LA, Clark AM, Li XC. LC-MS- and (1)H NMR Spectroscopy-Guided Identification of Antifungal Diterpenoids from Sagittaria latifolia. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:2255-2259. [PMID: 26371504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antifungal screening of small-molecule natural product libraries showed that a column fraction (CF) derived from the plant extract of Sagittaria latifolia was active against the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Dereplication analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H NMR) indicated the presence of new compounds in this CF. Subsequent fractionation of the plant extract resulted in the identification of two new isopimaradiene-type diterpenoids, 1 and 2. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by chemical methods and spectroscopic analysis as isopimara-7,15-dien-19-ol 19-O-α-l-arabinofuranoside and isopimara-7,15-dien-19-ol 19-O-α-l-(5'-acetoxy)arabinofuranoside, respectively. Compound 1 exhibited IC50 values of 3.7 and 1.8 μg/mL, respectively, against C. neoformans and C. gattii. Its aglycone, isopimara-7,15-dien-19-ol (3), resulting from acid hydrolysis of 1, was also active against the two fungal pathogens, with IC50 values of 9.2 and 6.8 μg/mL, respectively. This study demonstrates that utilization of the combined LC-MS and (1)H NMR analytical tools is an improved chemical screening approach for hit prioritization in natural product drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | | | | | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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14
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Longford E, Scott A, Fradsham S, Jeffries C, Ahmad F, Holland G, Telfer R, Carlson J, Ferguson H. MALIGNANT BOWEL OBSTRUCTION—A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF CURRENT PRACTICE. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000838.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Binny S, Dahiya A, Challa P, Hardman D, Jeffries C. The fat scan study: correlation of visceral adipose tissue to coronary atherosclerosis in a multi-ethnicity Australian population. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Falcon BL, O'Mahony M, Stewart J, Liu J, Nagy JA, Xue Q, Pan Y, Jeffries C, Hatten E, Holzer TR, Dvorak HF, Nasir A, Pytowski B, Benjamin L, Uhlik MT. Abstract 4810: Identification of molecular markers of pathological vascular subtypes with differential sensitivity to therapies targeting the VEGF pathway. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of the VEGF pathway has not matched the efficacy suggested by preclinical tumor models. To date, the limitations of this form of therapy stem either from inherent or acquired resistance of the tumor vasculature to the reduction of VEGF signaling. Previous studies have described morphological phenotypes of different blood vessel types in human and mouse tumors. Recapitulation of these vascular phenotypes with a surrogate Ad-VEGFA164 model has shown differential sensitivity of these vascular subclasses to inhibitors of the VEGF pathway. The goal of the current study was to identify molecular markers for the various subtypes of pathological vessels and to assess whether similar molecular signatures are found in blood vessels in mouse tumor models and human disease. Using the Ad-VEGF-A164 flank model, microarray analysis was performed to identify molecular markers at each time-point, representing distinct stages of vessel development and maturation. We identified unique gene signatures at the various time-points and confirmed differential expression of the genes by qRT-PCR and/or immunohistochemistry. We found that vascular markers such as CD31, Ang2, and Tie1 were pan-endothelial markers at all time-points. However, other markers such as CD34, MECA-32, vWF, SMA, Tie2, CD105, and AQP1 were expressed on subclasses of endothelial cells. Expression of the molecular markers in tumors models revealed different subclasses of tumor vessels in patient-derived xenografts which were sensitive or resistant to anti-VEGF-A or anti-VEGFR-2 treatment. These vascular subtypes were also found in tissues from human breast and gastric cancers. Together these results indicate that multiple molecular markers can be used to identify unique pathological subclasses of tumor vessels. Some of these vascular subtypes may be insensitive to inhibitors targeting the VEGF pathways and their signatures may be useful biomarkers to predict vascular sensitivity to anti-angiogenic therapy.
Citation Format: Beverly L. Falcon, Marguerita O'Mahony, Julie Stewart, Jiangang Liu, Janice A. Nagy, Qi Xue, Yong Pan, Cynthia Jeffries, Emma Hatten, Tim R. Holzer, Harold F. Dvorak, Aejaz Nasir, Bronek Pytowski, Laura Benjamin, Mark T. Uhlik. Identification of molecular markers of pathological vascular subtypes with differential sensitivity to therapies targeting the VEGF pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4810. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4810
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qi Xue
- 1Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, IN
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17
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Lin W, Liu J, Jeffries C, Yang L, Lu Y, Lee RE, Chen T. Development of BODIPY FL vindoline as a novel and high-affinity pregnane X receptor fluorescent probe. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1664-77. [PMID: 25133934 PMCID: PMC4166032 DOI: 10.1021/bc5002856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) regulates
the metabolism and excretion
of xenobiotics and endobiotics by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing
enzymes and transporters. The unique structure of PXR allows it to
bind many drugs and drug leads, possibly causing undesired drug–drug
interactions. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate whether chemicals
or drugs bind to PXR. Fluorescence-based assays are preferred because
of their sensitivity and nonradioactive nature. On the basis of our
previously characterized 4 (BODIPY FL vinblastine), a
high-affinity PXR probe, we developed 20 (BODIPY FL vindoline)
and showed that it is a novel and potent PXR fluorescent probe with Kd of 256 nM in a time-resolved fluorescence
resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) binding assay with PXR. By using 20 (BODIPY FL vindoline) in the PXR TR-FRET assay, we obtained
a more than 7-fold signal-to-background ratio and high signal stability
(signal was stable for at least 120 min, and Z′-factor
> 0.85 from 30 to 240 min). The assay can tolerate DMSO up to 2%.
This assay has been used to evaluate a panel of PXR ligands for their
PXR-binding affinities. The performance of 20 (BODIPY
FL vindoline) in the PXR TR-FRET assay makes it an ideal PXR fluorescent
probe, and the newly developed PXR TR-FRET assay with 20 (BODIPY FL vindoline) as a fluorescent probe is suitable for high-throughput
screening to identify PXR-binding ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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18
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Yang J, Liang Q, Wang M, Jeffries C, Smithson D, Tu Y, Boulos N, Jacob MR, Shelat AA, Wu Y, Ravu RR, Gilbertson R, Avery MA, Khan IA, Walker LA, Guy RK, Li XC. UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA as a powerful dereplication tool to facilitate compound identification from small-molecule natural product libraries. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:902-9. [PMID: 24617915 PMCID: PMC4784093 DOI: 10.1021/np4009706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The generation of natural product libraries containing column fractions, each with only a few small molecules, using a high-throughput, automated fractionation system, has made it possible to implement an improved dereplication strategy for selection and prioritization of leads in a natural product discovery program. Analysis of databased UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA information of three leads from a biological screen employing the ependymoma cell line EphB2-EPD generated details on the possible structures of active compounds present. The procedure allows the rapid identification of known compounds and guides the isolation of unknown compounds of interest. Three previously known flavanone-type compounds, homoeriodictyol (1), hesperetin (2), and sterubin (3), were identified in a selected fraction derived from the leaves of Eriodictyon angustifolium. The lignan compound deoxypodophyllotoxin (8) was confirmed to be an active constituent in two lead fractions derived from the bark and leaves of Thuja occidentalis. In addition, two new but inactive labdane-type diterpenoids with an uncommon triol side chain were also identified as coexisting with deoxypodophyllotoxin in a lead fraction from the bark of T. occidentalis. Both diterpenoids were isolated in acetylated form, and their structures were determined as 14S,15-diacetoxy-13R-hydroxylabd-8(17)-en-19-oic acid (9) and 14R,15-diacetoxy-13S-hydroxylabd-8(17)-en-19-oic acid (10), respectively, by spectroscopic data interpretation and X-ray crystallography. This work demonstrates that a UPLC-MS-ELSD-PDA database produced during fractionation may be used as a powerful dereplication tool to facilitate compound identification from chromatographically tractable small-molecule natural product libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beifang University of Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Liang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Smithson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nidal Boulos
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Anang A. Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yunshan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ranga Rao Ravu
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Richard Gilbertson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Avery
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - R. Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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19
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McGonagle D, McKenna F, Maher T, Kavanagh R, Cunningham AM, Lee M, Grosart R, Wakefield R, Kane D, Schmidt W, Young T, Ndosi M, Lewis M, Hale C, Bird H, Ryan S, Quinn H, McIvor E, Taylor J, Burbage G, Bond D, White J, Chagadama D, Green S, Kay L, Pace AV, Bejarano V, Emery P, Hill J, Hurley M, Porcheret M, Hart O, Oliver D, Coates L, Backhouse M, Coates L, Pickles D, Chamberlain V, Partridge K, Pickles D, Keat A, Maddison P, Taylor P, Dillon A, Chapman V, Pincus T, Shelton D, Ballestar E, Loughlin J, Tak PP, Prinjha R, Regan L, D'Cruz D, Jones G, Lewis J, den Hollander M, Goossens M, de Jong J, Smeets R, Vlaeyen J, Ioannou J, McDonagh J, Clinch J, Pilkington C, Siebert S, Martindale J, Beevor C, Jeffries C, Deighton C, Nye A, Cook D, Taylor P, Firth J, Pickles D, Chamberlain V, Taylor P, Emery P. Essentials in Rheumatology: Disease Management * I29. Recognition and Management of the Auto-Inflammatory Diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Hatfield MJ, Tsurkan LG, Hyatt JL, Edwards CC, Lemoff A, Jeffries C, Yan B, Potter PM. Modulation of esterified drug metabolism by tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza ("Danshen"). J Nat Prod 2013; 76:36-44. [PMID: 23286284 PMCID: PMC3556224 DOI: 10.1021/np300628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza ("Danshen") are used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of numerous ailments including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and ischemic stroke. Extracts of S. miltiorrhiza roots in the formulation "Compound Danshen Dripping Pill" are undergoing clinical trials in the United States. To date, the active components of this material have not been conclusively identified. We have determined that S. miltiorrhiza roots contain potent human carboxylesterase (CE) inhibitors, due to the presence of tanshinones. K(i) values in the nM range were determined for inhibition of both the liver and intestinal CEs. As CEs hydrolyze clinically used drugs, the ability of tanshinones and S. miltiorrhiza root extracts to modulate the metabolism of the anticancer prodrug irinotecan (CPT-11) was assessed. Our results indicate that marked inhibition of human CEs occurs following incubation with both pure compounds and crude material and that drug hydrolysis is significantly reduced. Consequently, a reduction in the cytotoxicity of irinotecan is observed following dosing with either purified tanshinones or S. miltiorrhiza root extracts. It is concluded that remedies containing tanshinones should be avoided when individuals are taking esterified agents and that patients should be warned of the potential drug-drug interaction that may occur with this material.
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21
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Horton DL, Lawson B, Egbetade A, Jeffries C, Johnson N, Cunningham AA, Fooks AR. Targeted surveillance for Usutu virus in British birds (2005-2011). Vet Rec 2012. [PMID: 23193038 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D L Horton
- Department of Virology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency AHVLA, Addlestone, Surrey, UK.
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22
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Mokbel N, Ilkovski B, Memo M, Marttila M, Kreissl M, Wallgren-Pettersson C, Menard D, Marcorelles P, Echaniz-Laguna A, Reimann J, Vainzof M, Monnier N, Nowak K, McNamara E, Laing N, Trewhella J, Jeffries C, Ottenheijm C, North K, Clarke N. C.P.15 K7del is a recurrent TPM2 nemaline myopathy mutation associated with joint contractures and increased calcium sensitivity. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Hwang JY, Attia RR, Zhu F, Yang L, Lemoff A, Jeffries C, Connelly MC, Guy RK. Synthesis and evaluation of sulfonylnitrophenylthiazoles (SNPTs) as thyroid hormone receptor-coactivator interaction inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2301-10. [PMID: 22324546 DOI: 10.1021/jm201546m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a series of methylsulfonylnitrobenzoates (MSNBs) that block the interaction of the thyroid hormone receptor with its coactivators. MSNBs inhibit coactivator binding through irreversible modification of cysteine 298 of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). Although MSNBs have better pharmacological features than our first generation inhibitors (β-aminoketones), they contain a potentially unstable ester linkage. Here we report the bioisosteric replacement of the ester linkage with a thiazole moiety, yielding sulfonylnitrophenylthiazoles (SNPTs). An array of SNPTs representing optimal side chains from the MSNB series was constructed using parallel chemistry and evaluated to test their antagonism of the TR-coactivator interaction. Selected active compounds were evaluated in secondary confirmatory assays including regulation of thyroid response element driven transcription in reporter constructs and native genes. In addition the selected SNPTs were shown to be selective for TR relative to other nuclear hormone receptors (NRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Yeon Hwang
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Institut Pasteur Korea, 696 Sampyeong-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
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24
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25
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Goronga T, Boyd VA, Lagisetti C, Jeffries C, Webb TR. Radiosynthesis of antitumor spliceosome modulators. Appl Radiat Isot 2011; 69:1231-4. [PMID: 21531567 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A set of novel antitumor agents (the sudemycins) has recently been described that are analogs of the natural product FR901464. We report the radiosynthesis of two of these antitumor drug lead compounds, using a three step procedure: (1) ester hydrolysis, (2) Lindlar's catalyst/tritium gas to give a (S,Z)-4-acetoxypent-2-enoic acid derivative, and finally (3) amide bond formation. These labeled analogs are useful in developing a better understanding of the pharmacological properties of this new class of therapeutic lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinopiwa Goronga
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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26
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Zhang Y, Anderson M, Weisman JL, Lu M, Choy CJ, Boyd VA, Price J, Sigal M, Clark J, Connelly M, Zhu F, Guiguemde WA, Jeffries C, Yang L, Lemoff A, Liou AP, Webb TR, DeRisi JL, Guy RK. Evaluation of Diarylureas for Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:460-465. [PMID: 21243104 DOI: 10.1021/ml100083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of diarylurea IGFR inhibitors was screened for activity against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The 4-aminoquinaldine-derived diarylureas displayed promising antimalarial potency. Further exploration of the B ring of 4-aminoquinaldinyl ureas allowed identification of several quinaldin-4-yl ureas 4{13, 39} and 4{13, 58} sufficiently potent against both 3D7 and K1 strains to qualify as bone fide leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Marc Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California 94132-4163
| | - Jennifer L. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology
| | - Min Lu
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Cindy J. Choy
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630
| | - Vincent A. Boyd
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Jeanine Price
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Martina Sigal
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Julie Clark
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Michele Connelly
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Fangyi Zhu
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - W. Armand Guiguemde
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Lei Yang
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | | | - Thomas R. Webb
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | | | - R. Kiplin Guy
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
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Tu Y, Jeffries C, Ruan H, Nelson C, Smithson D, Shelat AA, Brown KM, Li XC, Hester JP, Smillie T, Khan IA, Walker L, Guy K, Yan B. Automated high-throughput system to fractionate plant natural products for drug discovery. J Nat Prod 2010; 73:751-4. [PMID: 20232897 PMCID: PMC2866159 DOI: 10.1021/np9007359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of an automated, high-throughput fractionation procedure to prepare and analyze natural product libraries for drug discovery screening is described. Natural products obtained from plant materials worldwide were extracted and first prefractionated on polyamide solid-phase extraction cartridges to remove polyphenols, followed by high-throughput automated fractionation, drying, weighing, and reformatting for screening and storage. The analysis of fractions with UPLC coupled with MS, PDA, and ELSD detectors provides information that facilitates characterization of compounds in active fractions. Screening of a portion of fractions yielded multiple assay-specific hits in several high-throughput cellular screening assays. This procedure modernizes the traditional natural product fractionation paradigm by seamlessly integrating automation, informatics, and multimodal analytical interrogation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Hong Ruan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Cynthia Nelson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - David Smithson
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Anang A. Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Kristin M. Brown
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - John P. Hester
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Troy Smillie
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Larry Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Kip Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (901)495-2797. Fax: (901)#595-5715. (B.Y.). Tel: (901)595-5714. Fax: (901)#595-5715. (K.G.)
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (901)495-2797. Fax: (901)#595-5715. (B.Y.). Tel: (901)595-5714. Fax: (901)#595-5715. (K.G.)
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Lu RJ, Tucker JA, Pickens J, Ma YA, Zinevitch T, Kirichenko O, Konoplev V, Kuznetsova S, Sviridov S, Brahmachary E, Khasanov A, Mikel C, Yang Y, Liu C, Wang J, Freel S, Fisher S, Sullivan A, Zhou J, Stanfield-Oakley S, Baker B, Sailstad J, Greenberg M, Bolognesi D, Bray B, Koszalka B, Jeffs P, Jeffries C, Chucholowski A, Sexton C. Heterobiaryl Human Immunodeficiency Virus Entry Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2009; 52:4481-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900330x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jian Lu
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - John A. Tucker
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jason Pickens
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - You-An Ma
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Tatiana Zinevitch
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Olga Kirichenko
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Vitalii Konoplev
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | | | - Sergey Sviridov
- ChemBridge Corporation, 16981 Via Tazon, Suite G, San Diego, California
| | - Enugurthi Brahmachary
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alisher Khasanov
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Charles Mikel
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Yang Yang
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Changhui Liu
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jian Wang
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Stephanie Freel
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Shelly Fisher
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Alana Sullivan
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | | | - Brian Baker
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Jeff Sailstad
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Michael Greenberg
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Dani Bolognesi
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Brian Bray
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Barney Koszalka
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Peter Jeffs
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alexander Chucholowski
- ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Inc., 16981 Via Tazon, Suite K, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Connie Sexton
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560
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Chow J, Claridge J, Jeffries C, Headley S, Soares G, Schwalbe M, Pascal S, Trewhella J. The interaction between human rhinovirus 3C protease and stem loop D studied by solution scattering. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308093136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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30
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Lu RJ, Tucker JA, Zinevitch T, Kirichenko O, Konoplev V, Kuznetsova S, Sviridov S, Pickens J, Tandel S, Brahmachary E, Yang Y, Wang J, Freel S, Fisher S, Sullivan A, Zhou J, Stanfield-Oakley S, Greenberg M, Bolognesi D, Bray B, Koszalka B, Jeffs P, Khasanov A, Ma YA, Jeffries C, Liu C, Proskurina T, Zhu T, Chucholowski A, Li R, Sexton C. Design and Synthesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Entry Inhibitors: Sulfonamide as an Isostere for the α-Ketoamide Group. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6535-44. [PMID: 18052117 DOI: 10.1021/jm070650e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jian Lu
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - John A. Tucker
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Tatiana Zinevitch
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Olga Kirichenko
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Vitalii Konoplev
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Svetlana Kuznetsova
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Sergey Sviridov
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jason Pickens
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Sagun Tandel
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Enugurthi Brahmachary
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Yang Yang
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jian Wang
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Stephanie Freel
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Shelly Fisher
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alana Sullivan
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Jiying Zhou
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Sherry Stanfield-Oakley
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Michael Greenberg
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Dani Bolognesi
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Brian Bray
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Barney Koszalka
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Peter Jeffs
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alisher Khasanov
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - You-An Ma
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Cynthia Jeffries
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Changhui Liu
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Tatiana Proskurina
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Tong Zhu
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Alexander Chucholowski
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Rongshi Li
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
| | - Connie Sexton
- Trimeris, Inc., 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, ChemBridge Research Laboratories, Suite K, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127, and ChemBridge Corporation, Suite G, 16981 Via Tazon, San Diego, California 92127
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Perkins DO, Jeffries C, Sullivan P. Expanding the 'central dogma': the regulatory role of nonprotein coding genes and implications for the genetic liability to schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10:69-78. [PMID: 15381925 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is now evident that nonprotein coding RNA (ncRNA) plays a critical role in regulating the timing and rate of protein translation. The potential importance of ncRNAs is suggested by the observation that the complexity of an organism is poorly correlated with its number of protein coding genes, yet highly correlated with its number of ncRNA genes, and that in the human genome only a small fraction (2-3%) of genetic transcripts are actually translated into proteins. In this review, we discuss several examples of known RNA mechanisms for the regulation of protein synthesis. We then discuss the possibility that ncRNA regulation of schizophrenia risk genes may underlie the diverse findings of genetic linkage studies including that protein-altering gene polymorphisms are not generally found in schizophrenia. Thus, inadequate or mistimed expression of a functional protein may occur either due to mutation or other dysfunction of the DNA coding base pair sequence, leading to a dysfunctional protein, or due to post-transcriptional events such as abnormal ncRNA regulation of a normal gene. One or more 'schizophrenia disease genes' may turn out to include abnormal transcriptional units that code for RNA regulators of protein coding gene expression or to be proximal to such units, rather than to be abnormalities in the protein coding gene itself. Understanding the genetics of schizophrenia and other complex neuropsychiatric disorders might very well include consideration of RNA and epigenetic regulation of protein expression in addition to polymorphisms of the protein coding gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Jeffries C. Getting the pharmacist involved. Health Aff (Millwood) 2000; 19:278-9. [PMID: 10916985 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.19.4.278-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Pasco N, Baronian K, Jeffries C, Hay J. Biochemical mediator demand--a novel rapid alternative for measuring biochemical oxygen demand. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 53:613-8. [PMID: 10855725 DOI: 10.1007/s002530051666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test (BOD5) is a crucial environmental index for monitoring organic pollutants in waste water but is limited by the 5-day requirement for completing the test. We have optimised a rapid microbial technique for measuring the BOD of a standard BOD5 substrate (150 mg glucose/l, 150 mg glutamic acid/l) by quantifying an equivalent biochemical mediator demand in the absence of oxygen. Elevated concentrations of Escherichia coli were incubated with an excess of redox mediator, potassium hexacyanoferrate(III), and a known substrate for 1 h at 37 degrees C without oxygen. The addition of substrate increased the respiratory activity of the microorganisms and the accumulation of reduced mediator; the mediator was subsequently re-oxidised at a working electrode generating a current quantifiable by a coulometric transducer. Catabolic conversion efficiencies exceeding 75% were observed for the oxidation of the standard substrate. The inclusion of a mediator allowed a higher co-substrate concentration compared to oxygen and substantially reduced the incubation time from 5 days to 1 h. The technique replicates the traditional BOD5 method, except that a mediator is substituted for oxygen, and we aim to apply the principle to measure the BOD of real waste streams in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pasco
- Lincoln Technology, Lincoln Ventures Ltd, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand.
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Abstract
alpha/beta Hydrolase fold proteins are an important, diverse, widespread group of enzymes not yet fully exploited by structural biologists. We describe the current state of knowledge of this family, and suggest a smaller definition of the required core and some possible future avenues of exploration.
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Pasco N, Jeffries C, Davies Q, Downard AJ, Roddick-Lanzilotta AD, Gorton L. Characterisation of a thermophilic L-glutamate dehydrogenase biosensor for amperometric determination of L-glutamate by flow injection analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 1999; 14:171-8. [PMID: 10101839 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(98)00120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbon paste wax electrodes incorporating thermophilic L-glutamate dehydrogenase, NADP and a polymeric toluidine blue O (poly-TBO) mediator have been characterised for the amperometric determination of L-glutamate at 313-318 K in a flow injection analysis (FIA) system. The biosensors exhibit good sensitivity, mechanical stability and reproducibilty, unlike carbon paste- or carbon wax-based electrodes under the same conditions. The carbon paste wax electrode responds linearly to L-glutamate up to 40 mM, the detection limit is 0.3 mM and the RSD (n = 10) for 5 mM L-glutamate was 7.6%. The response to some potential interferents has been quantified. Addition of finely ground hexaammineruthenium (III) trichloride ([Ru(NH3)6]Cl3) to the carbon paste wax electrodes decreases the FIA peak width and increases the peak current. The metal complex appears to accelerate the rate of oxidation of NAD(P)H by poly-TBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Pasco
- Lincoln Technology, Lincoln Ventures Limited, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Chen L, Carpita NC, Reiter WD, Wilson RH, Jeffries C, McCann MC. A rapid method to screen for cell-wall mutants using discriminant analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra. Plant J 1998; 16:385-92. [PMID: 9881159 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid method to screen large numbers of mutant plants for a broad range of cell wall phenotypes using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy of leaves. We established and validated a model that can discriminate between the leaves of wild-type and a previously defined set of cell-wall mutants of Arabidopsis. Exploratory principal component analysis indicated that mutants deficient in different cell-wall sugars can be distinguished from each other. Discrimination of cell-wall mutants from wild-type was independent of variability in starch content or additional unrelated mutations that might be present in a heavily mutagenised population. We then developed an analysis of FTIR spectra of leaves obtained from over 1000 mutagenised flax plants, and selected 59 plants whose spectral variation from wild-type was significantly out of the range of a wild-type population, determined by Mahalanobis distance. Cell wall sugars from the leaves of selected putative mutants were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 42 showed significant differences in neutral sugar composition. The FTIR spectra indicated that six of the remaining 17 plants have altered ester or protein content. We conclude that linear discriminant analysis of FTIR spectra is a robust method to identify a broad range of structural and architectural alterations in cell walls, appearing as a consequence of developmental regulation, environmental adaptation or genetic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- School of Physics, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- L A O'Neill
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Stephenson PR, Jeffries C. A financial survey of home medical equipment dealers. Caring 1991; 10:14-7. [PMID: 10114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The Health Industry Distributors Association's ninth annual survey of home medical equipment dealers allows firms to compare their performance to industry averages, enabling managers to identify those specific aspects of company performance that demand their attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Stephenson
- Graduate School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington
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Jeffries C, Lam QH, Kim Y, Bourne LC, Zettl A. Symmetry breaking and nonlinear electrodynamics in the ceramic superconductor YBa2Cu3O7. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:9840-9843. [PMID: 9944396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.9840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Held GA, Jeffries C. Quasiperiodic transitions to chaos of instabilities in an electron-hole plasma excited by ac perturbations at one and at two frequencies. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:1183-1186. [PMID: 10032591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Held GA, Jeffries C. Spatial and temporal structure of chaotic instabilities in an electron-hole plasma in Ge. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 55:887-890. [PMID: 10032473 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Jeffries C, Schiefer HB. Potential consequences of a fire in an insecticide storage facility. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1985; 5:197-203. [PMID: 4023290 DOI: 10.1016/0273-2300(85)90033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Assumptions are identified and made in an attempt to model the acute human health risk associated with a hypothetical fire in an insecticide storage facility. The insecticides used in the model are endrin and dimethoate. The model indicates that persons residing a few hundred meters from the facility could suffer a variety of adverse effects, including possible death from contact with smoke from a prolonged, low-temperature fire. Knowledge of the special hazards of cool toxic smoke as well as current atmospheric conditions could be of use to fire fighters. That is, fire fighters might wisely choose to promote a fast, hot fire which would propel toxicants high into the atmosphere rather than risk local fumigation.
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Hall GH, Jeffries C. The contribution of nitrification in the water column and profundal sediments to the total oxygen deficit of the hypolimnion of a mesotrophic lake (Grasmere, English Lake District). Microb Ecol 1984; 10:37-46. [PMID: 24221048 DOI: 10.1007/bf02011593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Estimates ofin situ nitrifying activity have been made in the hypolimnetic water column and surface 1.0 cm of profundal sediments at 2 sites in Grasmere, a mesotrophic lake in the English Lake District. Increases of nitrate concentrations were used to estimate nitrification in the water column whereas a mini-core technique, involving the use of a nitrification inhibitor (allylthiourea), was used to estimate the rate in surface sediments. The pattern of oxygen depletion in the water column was used to estimate the maximum depth to which sediments affect the overlying water. Nitrification in the sediment and in the water column made approximately equal contributions to the total areal oxygen deficit and, as a whole, nitrification accounted for 15-20% of the total oxygen depletion. There was no significant difference in oxygen depletion due to nitrification between the 2 sites. Attempts were made, using the nitrification potential technique, to determine the depth distribution of nitrifying activity in the surface 1.0 cm of sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Hall
- Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry House, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria, UK
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Abstract
The temperature of the isolation medium exerted no significant effect on the rate of positive cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, significantly more colonies were obtained on ambient-temperature medium than on cold (4C) medium. A small number of specimens (six) failed to grow on cold medium but grew on ambient-temperature medium. Viable counts showed essentially no effect of medium temperature on the nondiscriminating strain, a 90% reduction on the cold medium for the cold-intolerant strain, and for the strains with warm medium preference, about twice as many colonies on warm as on cold or ambient-temperature medium.
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Abstract
The penile ulcerations of 100 consecutive men were tested for microorganisms. A polymicrobial flora was identified in the ulcers of 97 men. The microorganisms recovered from these ulcers included combinations of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria (including Mycoplasma), herpes simplex virus, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. Fifty-three study entrants had microorganisms, identified by culture or serologic tests, that were considered primary in ulcer pathogenesis. Herpes simplex virus was the most prevalent and Treponema pallidum was the next most prevalent pathogen identified. Of our patients, 5% had two recognized pathogens confirmed by laboratory tests, and only one of these was suspected at clinical examination. In addition, the study suggests that microorganisms other than Haemophilus ducreyi can produce ulcers with a morphology mimicking chancroid.
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