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Laggis CW, Lamb A, Secrest AM, Ufkes N, Halwani AS, Tao R, Gaffney D, Miles RR, Florell SR, Wada D. Favourable outcomes in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides after multimodality treatment in a single institution. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:e42-e45. [PMID: 32594555 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C W Laggis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A Lamb
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A M Secrest
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - N Ufkes
- Medical University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - A S Halwani
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Tao
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Gaffney
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R R Miles
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S R Florell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Wada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Straubhar A, Parsons M, Francis S, Gaffney D, Maurer K. Refusal of Surgery by Young Women (Age <41) with Endometrial Cancer Does Not Impact Overall Survival. Gynecol Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Adhikari E, Knypinski J, Rogers V, Gaffney D, McIntire D. Physiologic parameters and sepsis bundle initiation among third trimester gravidas with influenza-like illness, 2017-2018 influenza season. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Mileshkin L, Barnes E, Moore K, Gebski V, King M, Narayan K, Kolodziej I, Sjoquist K, Fyles A, Small W, Gaffney D, Quinn M, Andrews J, Thompson S, Huh W, Carlson M, Disilvestro P, Rischin D, Stockler M, Monk B. Disparities starting adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervix cancer in the international, academic, randomised, phase III OUTBACK trial (ANZGOG 0902, RTOG 1174, NRG 0274). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Greer
- University Dept. of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - J H Winter
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- University Dept. of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - D Gaffney
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- University Dept. of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - K McLoughlin
- University Dept. of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - J J F Belch
- University Dept. of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - G Boyd
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
- University Dept. of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - C D Forbes
- University Dept. of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
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Wilson MK, Pujade-Lauraine E, Aoki D, Mirza MR, Lorusso D, Oza AM, du Bois A, Vergote I, Reuss A, Bacon M, Friedlander M, Gallardo-Rincon D, Joly F, Chang SJ, Ferrero AM, Edmondson RJ, Wimberger P, Maenpaa J, Gaffney D, Zang R, Okamoto A, Stuart G, Ochiai K. Fifth Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference of the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup: recurrent disease. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:727-732. [PMID: 27993805 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reports the consensus statements regarding recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC), reached at the fifth Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference (OCCC), which was held in Tokyo, Japan, in November 2015. Three important questions were identified: (i) What are the subgroups for clinical trials in ROC? The historical definition of using platinum-free interval (PFI) to categorise patients as having platinum-sensitive/resistant disease was replaced by therapy-free interval (TFI). TFI can be broken down into TFIp (PFI), TFInp (non-PFI) and TFIb (biological agent-free interval). Additional criteria to consider include histology, BRCA mutation status, number/type of previous therapies, outcome of prior surgery and patient reported symptoms. (ii) What are the control arms for clinical trials in ROC? When platinum is considered the best option, the control arm should be a platinum-based therapy with or without an anti-angiogenic agent or a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. If platinum is not considered the best option, the control arm could include a non-platinum drug, either as single agent or in combination. (iii) What are the endpoints for clinical trials in ROC? Overall survival (OS) is the preferred endpoint for patient cohorts with an expected median OS < or = 12 months. Progression-free survival (PFS) is an alternative, and it is the preferred endpoint when the expected median OS is > 12 months. However, PFS alone should not be the only endpoint and must be supported by additional endpoints including pre-defined patient reported outcomes (PROs), time to second subsequent therapy (TSST), or time until definitive deterioration of quality of life (TUDD).
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Small W, Bosch W, Strauss J, Albuquerque K, Beriwal S, Creutzberg C, Eifel P, Erickson B, Fyles T, Jhingran A, Klopp A, Kunos C, Mell L, Powell M, Viswanathan A, Yashar C, Gaffney D. Consensus Guidelines for Delineation of Clinical Target Volume for Intensity-Modulated Pelvic Radiation Therapy in Postoperative Treatment of Endometrial and Cervical Cancer- An Update. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Bagshaw H, Tward J, Gaffney D. Patterns of Care With Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Alvarez J, Schaffer M, Karkera J, Martinez G, Gaffney D, Bell K, Sharp M, Wong J, Hertzog B, Ricci D, Platero S. Abstract P5-01-09: Identification of Molecular Apocrine Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using a Novel 2-Gene Assay and Comparison with Androgen Receptor Protein Expression and Gene Expression Profiling by DASL. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p5-01-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The molecular apocrine (MA) subtype of breast cancer is identified by gene expression profiling. MA tumors are estrogen receptor (ER) negative and progesterone receptor (PR) negative, but still express estrogen responsive genes. The androgen receptor (AR) pathway may be driving growth in these tumors because androgen responsive genes are expressed in tumors with the MA gene signature. The MA gene signature is identified in approximately 10% of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and may predict patients with tumors responsive to agents that inhibit the AR pathway. AR protein expression, measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC), may be a surrogate for the MA gene signature, but to date, a careful comparison of gene expression profiles and AR protein expression has not been conducted. In this study, cohorts of TNBCs were assessed for the MA gene signature and these results were compared with AR IHC expression and with a novel gene expression assay that may predict tumors with the MA gene signature.
Methods: Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) TNBC samples were commercially obtained. ER, PR and HER2 status of these samples was confirmed by IHC. AR expression was detected by IHC using two different antibody clones. Both staining intensity and percent positive cells were recorded for each sample. Gene expression data was collected from a cohort of TNBC FFPE samples using cDNA-mediated Annealing, Selection, extension, and Ligation (DASL) technology. A 2-gene classifier of the MA gene expression signature was derived by interrogating publically available gene expression data from ER-negative breast cancers. A reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to detect the 2-gene classifier was developed. Cell lines predicted to have the MA gene signature by the 2-gene assay were tested for sensitivity to R-1881 in vitro.
Results: Using computational approaches and publically available datasets, we confirmed the validity of the MA gene signature and estimated the prevalence to be between 12% and 37% in ER-negative breast tumors. The 2-gene classifier was 100% specific in determining MA tumors in a training set using gene expression data as a standard. In a validation set, the 2-gene assay was 66% correlative with AR IHC positivity when the IHC cut-off was set at 10% positive tumor cells. Cell lines predicted to express the MA gene signature by the 2-gene classifier proliferated in response to androgen. This effect was blocked by Flutamide.
Conclusions: These results indicate that AR IHC using a 10% cut-off may not completely correlate with the MA gene signature. Further refinement of AR IHC scoring criteria may produce greater specificity. Cell proliferation data suggests the 2-gene assay can predict tumors that will proliferate in response to androgen. Work is ongoing to determine the correlation between the 2-gene assay results, AR IHC and DASL gene expression data to fully understand the predictability of this assay. Understanding this correlation may allow use of simple clinical assays to accurately select patients responsive to agents that block AR signaling.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-09.
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Hashem R, Winter K, Ruo R, Portelance L, Jhingran A, Demas W, Jacobson G, Gaffney D. Defining the Impact of the Use of Oral Contrast in Pelvic Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) – An RTOG 0418 Secondary Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Chen A, Terakedis B, Williams B, Gaffney D. Clinical Outcomes of 3-dimensional Versus IMRT Postoperative Pelvic Radiation for Gynecologic Malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Janat-Amsbury M, Cho S, Peterson C, Soisson A, Dodson M, Gaffney D. Local treatment and control of gynecological malignancies utilizing a chitosan-based, muco-adhesive hybrid nanogel. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Kunos C, Winter K, Dicker A, Small W, Abdul-Karim F, Dawson D, Jhingran A, Valicenti R, Weidhaas J, Gaffney D. RTOG 0116 and 0128: Secondary analysis of ribonucleotide reductase in cervix cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Pierce L, Phillips K, Griffith K, Buys S, Gaffney D, Moran M, Haffty B, Ben-David M, Garber J, Merajver S, Balmanya J, Meirovitz A, Domchek S. Local Therapy in BRCA1/2 Carriers with Operable Breast Cancer: Comparison of Breast Conservation and Mastectomy. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Women with inherited germline BRCA1/2 mutations have a 55-85% cumulative risk of breast cancer (BC) by age 70. Thus, knowledge of expected outcomes following various treatments is needed to advise these patients should they be diagnosed with BC. It is unclear whether breast conservation (BCT) offers similar rates of tumor control as mastectomy (M) in BRCA1/2 carriers and it is doubtful whether a randomized trial comparing these options could be performed. Thus, this analysis compares the outcomes between similarly staged women with BRCA1/2 mutations treated with BCT vs. M.Methods: Women with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations diagnosed with operable BC and who consented to longitudinal studies were identified at 10 institutions in the US, Australia, Spain and Israel. Patient, clinical and treatment characteristics were compared between those receiving BCT and those receiving M +/- RT. Time-to-event endpoints included first failure of treatment, diagnosis of contralateral breast cancer (CBC), and overall and BC-specific survival. Cox regression models were constructed to detect significant associations between patient and clinical characteristics and time-to-event endpoints.Results: Clinical characteristics and outcomes for 302 BCT and 353 M patients were compared. With a median F/U of 8.2 years for BCT patients and 8.9 years following M, 15-year local failure as first failure was significantly higher with BCT vs. M (23.5% vs. 5.5%, p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicted choice of local therapy as the only factor significantly predicting local recurrence, with a 4.5-fold risk of local failure with BCT compared to M (p<0.0001). Local failure analyses by cohort revealed the presence of a BRCA2 mutation (HR 2.8; p=0.024) and no use of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 5.4; p=0.0001) as significant predictors within the BCT group; presence of invasive lobular cancer (HR 9.9; p=0.004) was the only significant predictor within the M cohort. No significant differences were seen in distant failure, BC-specific or overall survival by local therapy. 15-year estimates of CBC were 52.1% with BCT; 41.4% with M; and 37.9% with M+RT (p=0.44). Analyses of BCT vs. M +/- RT and surgery +/- RT did not reveal significant differences in CBC by cohort.Conclusions: The higher risk of local failure in BRCA1/2-associated BC treated with BCT compared to M did not translate into an increased risk of distant failure or mortality. RT did not result in a detectable increase in CBC at 15 years above baseline elevated rates. These results at both the involved and contralateral breasts should be discussed when patients with BRCA1/2-associated BC are considering local treatment options.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 959.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Pierce
- 1University of Michigan Medical School, MI,
| | | | | | | | | | - M. Moran
- 4Yale University School of Medicine,
| | - B. Haffty
- 5UMDNJ-RWJMS-Cancer Inst of New Jersey, NJ,
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Meirovitz
- 9Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel
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Hinnie J, Vass JK, Rolfe E, Marchesi VA, MacFarlane FC, McShea L, McKibbin CC, Henderson P, Gaffney D. Two Novel Mutations Causing Familial Benign Hypocalciuric Hypercalcaemia in Three Scottish Families. Scott Med J 2009; 54:11-4. [DOI: 10.1258/rsmsmj.54.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Familial benign hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FBHH) is a benign autosomal dominantly inherited condition which results in elevated serum calcium and low urinary calcium. This condition is of clinical interest because it can be mistakenly diagnosed as primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). In most cases FBHH can be shown to be due to a mutation in the calcium sensing receptor (CASR) gene and we aimed to find the causative mutation in three Scottish kindreds with FBHH. Methods We used a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and direct DNA sequencing to detect mutations in the CASR gene. Results We detected a mutation in the CASR gene in each of the three kindreds. Two different mutations were detected (the same one was present in two kindreds). Neither mutation has been reported previously. All hypercalcaemic individuals from each kindred had the appropriate mutation while all normocalcaemic individuals did not. Conclusion In the vast majority of kindreds with FBHH which have been reported previously, the CASR mutation responsible is private to that kindred. In three Scottish kindreds we have identified two new mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hinnie
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow, G42 9TY
| | - JK Vass
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, G61 1BD
| | - E Rolfe
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - VA Marchesi
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - FC MacFarlane
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - L McShea
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - CC McKibbin
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
| | - P Henderson
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, PA2 9PN
| | - D Gaffney
- Department of Biochemistry, Macewan Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF
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Huang Y, Rassiah-Szegedi P, Gaffney D, Salter B. SU-FF-T-02: Plan Comparison On Magnetic Resonance Image Between Inverse Planning Simulated Annealing and Point A Normalization for High Dose Rate Brachytherapy On a Cervical Cancer Patient. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Weidhaas J, Li S, Winter K, Ryu J, Jhingra A, Miller B, Dicker A, Gaffney D. Changes in Gene Expression Predicting Local Control in Cervical Cancer: Results from RTOG 0128. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.06.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pierce LJ, Griffith KA, Buys S, Gaffney D, Haffty B, Moran M, Ben-David M, Garber J, Merajver SD, Meirovitz A, Domchek S. Outcomes following breast conservation versus mastectomy in BRCA1/2 carriers with early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Trimble EL, Davis J, Disaia P, Fujiwara K, Gaffney D, Kristensen G, Ledermann J, Pfisterer J, Quinn M, Reed N, Schoenfeldt M, Thigpen JT. Clinical trials in gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 17:547-56. [PMID: 17504371 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.00667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup is comprised representatives from international gynecological cancer trials organizations, which collaborate in multicenter studies to answer the clinical challenges in gynecological cancer. This review article highlights the key clinical questions facing clinical trialists over the next decade, the information and infrastructure resources available for trials, and the methods of trial development. We cover human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated neoplasia, including cervical cancer, together with endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and vulvar cancer. Infrastructure for clinical trials includes a database for trials, templates for protocol development, patient educational material, and financial support for clinical trials. Other critical issues include support from government and charities and government regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Trimble
- National Cancer Institute-Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Winter JW, Gaffney D, Shapiro D, Spooner RJ, Marinaki AM, Sanderson JD, Mills PR. Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity is superior to genotype in predicting myelosuppression following azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25:1069-77. [PMID: 17439508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelosuppression occurs in 2-7% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients treated with azathioprine, and can be associated with reduced activity of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) in some patients. It has been proposed that pretreatment assessment of TPMT status reduces the incidence of toxicity and is cost-effective. AIMS To determine if screening for TPMT status predicts side-effects to azathioprine in patients with IBD and to ascertain whether screening by TPMT enzyme activity or genotype is superior. METHODS Sequential IBD patients were identified and azathioprine tolerance recorded. Blood was collected for measurement of TPMT activity and TPMT*3C, TPMT*3A and TPMT*2 genotypes. RESULTS Of 130 patients, 25% stopped azathioprine because of toxicity. Four patients experienced severe myelosuppression (WCC < 2). Eleven of 17 patients with reduced TPMT activity were heterozygotes, including one patient with marked TPMT deficiency who experienced severe myelosuppression. There was no association between intermediate TPMT deficiency and any side-effect. CONCLUSIONS Moderate reduction of TPMT activity in heterozygotes was not associated with toxicity, but very low TPMT activity caused severe myelosuppression in one patient. This would have been predicted by measuring TPMT activity but not by genotyping. Measurement of TPMT activity may therefore be superior to genotype in predicting severe myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Winter
- Gastroenterology Unit, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
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Abstract
Wilson disease (WND), an autosomal recessive disorder of copper transport, shows wide genotypic and phenotypic variability, with hepatic and/or neurological symptoms. The WND gene, ATP7B, encodes a copper transporting ATPase that is involved in the transport of copper into the plasma protein ceruloplasmin, and in the excretion of copper from the liver. ATP7B mutations result in copper storage in liver and brain. From 247 WND patients worldwide whose DNA has been sequenced in our laboratory, we have identified 24 new mutations. The origins of the patients were European white (one deletion, one nonsense, one splice site, and 18 missense), Chinese (one deletion, one missense) and Bangladeshi (one missense). Most of these had strong support as disease causing mutations, based on conservation between species, structural changes, and absence in controls. One missense mutation in a Chinese patient was considered uncertain because of its conservative nature and position in the protein. We also identified 15 nucleotide substitutions (11 of them new) causing silent or intronic changes, none of which produce an additional splice site that could lead to disease. Characterization of mutations, both disease-causing and normal variants, is essential for accurate molecular diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Cox
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Small W, Winter K, Levenback C, Iyer R, Gaffney D, Asbell S, Erickson B, Greven K. Extended Field Irradiation and Intracavitary Brachytherapy Combined with Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer with Positive Para-aortic or High Common Iliac Lymph Nodes: Results of Arm 1 of RTOG 0116. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shah T, Casas J, Cooper J, Hawe E, Stephens J, Yudkin J, Colhoun H, Bautista L, Meade T, Gaffney D, McMahon A, Hamsten A, Sattar N, Humphries S, Hingorani A. W12-P-066 Insight into the nature of the CRP-coronary event association using mendelian randomisation. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(05)80309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Winter J, Walker A, Shapiro D, Gaffney D, Spooner RJ, Mills PR. Cost-effectiveness of thiopurine methyltransferase genotype screening in patients about to commence azathioprine therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20:593-9. [PMID: 15352906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azathioprine is a useful agent in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Its use is limited by its side-effect profile. Marrow toxicity occurs in approximately 3.2% of patients and is known to be associated with diminished thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity resulting from genetic polymorphisms. AIM To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening for thiopurine methyltransferase gene polymorphisms prior to initiation of azathioprine therapy. METHODS Analysis of the literature was undertaken to calculate the expected frequency of leucopenia and its relationship with thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms in a model of theoretical inflammatory bowel disease patients. Decision analysis was then applied to assess the cost of a pre-treatment genotyping strategy, taking account of direct costs and cost per life-year saved. RESULTS In 1000 inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine, 32 will develop myelosuppression and one will die because of this. Of those who develop myelosuppression during azathioprine therapy, 32% are attributable to lower thiopurine methyltransferase activity. Pre-treatment genotyping costs pound 347 per life-year saved for a 30 year old and pound 817 per life-year saved for a 60 year old. This compares favourably with other health care technologies. CONCLUSION The use of pre-treatment screening for thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease patients commencing azathioprine therapy represents good value for money.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Winter
- Gastroenterology Unit, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland.
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Gunn IR, Maxwell FK, Gaffney D, McMahon AD, Packard CJ. Haemochromatosis gene mutations and risk of coronary heart disease: a west of Scotland coronary prevention study (WOSCOPS) substudy. Heart 2004; 90:304-6. [PMID: 14966054 PMCID: PMC1768115 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.015149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the frequency of genotypes of the HFE (haemochromatosis) gene in patients recruited to the west of Scotland coronary prevention study (WOSCOPS), and relate them to the subsequent occurrence of coronary clinical events. DESIGN Nested case-control study, drawing samples of DNA from the biological bank of a cohort study. PATIENTS Men aged 45-64 years in 1989, with moderate hypercholesterolaemia and no evidence of coronary heart disease at baseline. INTERVENTIONS Follow up for a mean period of 4.9 years. Typing for C282Y and H63D mutations of the HFE gene in 482 subjects with a subsequent coronary event and 1104 without an event. RESULTS The C282Y mutation was present in 81 of 482 cases (16.8%) and 182 of 1104 controls (16.5%). Comparing the prevalence of gene mutations in the cases and controls, there were no significant differences. The hazard ratio for C282Y heterozygotes was 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 1.36) and for C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes 1.04 (95% CI 0.50 to 2.14). Prespecified subgroup analyses of the pravastatin, placebo, smoking, and non-smoking groups showed no significant differences between cases and controls. Repeating the analyses after adjusting for possible confounding factors produced no change in the results. CONCLUSIONS In a population of moderately hypercholesterolaemic middle aged Scottish men who did not have any evidence of coronary heart disease at baseline, the presence of a C282Y mutation in the HFE gene did not predict the occurrence of coronary events over a mean follow up of 4.9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R Gunn
- Department of Biochemistry, Wishaw General Hospital, Wishaw, Strathclyde, UK.
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Greven KM, Levenback C, Chao CK, Delaney T, Del Priore G, Eifel P, Erickson BA, Followill D, Gaffney D, Garcia M, Gerszten K, Grigsby P, Henderson R, Hricak H, Hsu J, Jhingrin A, Kaye A, Kudelka A, Lukka H, Mutch D, Nag S, Rotman M, Shefter T, Smith W, Stehman F, Souhami L, Wenzel L, Winter KA, Wolfson A. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Research Plan 2002-2006. Gynecology Cancer Working Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002; 51:58-9. [PMID: 11641017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Grigsby P, Winter K, Komaki R, Marcial V, Eifel P, Doncals D, Stevens R, Rotman M, Gaffney D. Long-term follow-up of RTOG 88-05: twice-daily external irradiation with brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Cowley CG, Lloyd TR, Bove EL, Gaffney D, Dietrich M, Rocchini AP. Comparison of results of closure of secundum atrial septal defect by surgery versus Amplatzer septal occluder. Am J Cardiol 2001; 88:589-91. [PMID: 11524080 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(01)01750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C G Cowley
- University of Michigan Congenital Heart Center, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
We have recently used the Amplatzer septal occluder to close Fontan fenestrations. Between June 1998 and December 1999, 13 patients underwent transcatheter occlusion of their Fontan fenestrations. Systemic blood flow decreased significantly without a concomitant decrease in pulmonary blood flow. All residual shunts detectable by oximetry were at sites separate from those into which occlusion devices were implanted. One patient developed severe tricuspid regurgitation following the procedure requiring surgical removal of the device. At the last follow-up, all patients were doing well clinically. There were no shunts detectable through or around the devices by echocardiography. Our experience indicates that the location of the fenestration within the Fontan baffle is critical to avoiding device interference with other intracardiac structures. The Amplatzer septal occluder offers an effective means of transcatheter closure of Fontan baffle fenestrations. Although more experience is needed, our current follow-up data suggest that long-term outcomes will be favorable. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 51:301-304, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Cowley
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Abstract
Wilson's disease, the most common inherited disorder of copper metabolism, is a recessive genetic condition. The clinical presentation of Wilson's disease is very variable. It is characterised by low serum copper and caeruloplasmin concentrations coupled with the pathological accumulation of copper in the tissues. However, there are diagnostic difficulties and these are discussed. The current value of DNA diagnosis, both in gene tracking in families or as applied to de novo cases, is examined. Wilson's disease can be treated successfully but treatment must be life long. Patients are best treated by specialist centres with experience and expertise in the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gaffney
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Castle Street, Glasgow G4 OSF, UK
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Pierce LJ, Strawderman M, Narod SA, Oliviotto I, Eisen A, Dawson L, Gaffney D, Solin LJ, Nixon A, Garber J, Berg C, Isaacs C, Heimann R, Olopade OI, Haffty B, Weber BL. Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving treatment in women with breast cancer and germline BRCA1/2 mutations. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:3360-9. [PMID: 11013276 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.19.3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent laboratory data suggest a role for BRCA1/2 in the cellular response to DNA damage. There is a paucity of clinical data, however, examining the effect of radiotherapy (RT), which causes double-strand breaks, on breast tissue from BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Thus the goals of this study were to compare rates of radiation-associated complications, in-breast tumor recurrence, and distant relapse in women with BRCA1/2 mutations treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT) using RT with rates observed in sporadic disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-one women with a BRCA1/2 mutation and stage I or II breast cancer treated with BCT were matched 1:3 with 213 women with sporadic breast cancer. Conditional logistic regression models were used to compare matched cohorts for rates of complications and recurrence. RESULTS Tumors from women in the genetic cohort were associated with high histologic (P =.0004) and nuclear (P =.009) grade and negative estrogen (P=.0001) and progesterone (P=.002) receptors compared with tumors from the sporadic cohort. Using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer toxicity scoring, there were no significant differences in acute or chronic morbidity in skin, subcutaneous tissue, lung, or bone. The 5-year actuarial overall survival, relapse-free survival, and rates of tumor control in the treated breast for the patients in the genetic cohort were 86%, 78%, and 98%, respectively, compared with 91%, 80%, and 96%, respectively, for the sporadic cohort (P = not significant). CONCLUSION There was no evidence of increased radiation sensitivity or sequelae in breast tissue heterozygous for a BRCA1/2 germline mutation compared with controls, and rates of tumor control in the breast and survival were comparable between BRCA1/2 carriers and controls at 5 years. Although additional follow-up is needed, these data may help in discussing treatment options in the management of early-stage hereditary breast cancer and should provide reassurance regarding the safety of administering RT to carriers of a germline BRCA1/2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, and University of Michigan Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery has developed into a technique where patient positioning and treatment delivery can be performed with submillimeter precision. Achievement of this level of precision has allowed margins to be significantly reduced, and in some cases, removed altogether. Joined with these reductions in treatment margin has come a desire to shape the radiation beam, further limiting dose to normal tissues. Initial applications of shaped radiosurgery fields utilized circular blocking apertures in an attempt to shape the beam to these small volumes. The resultant dose distributions conformed well to spherical treatment volumes but were inadequate for situations where the volume of interest was irregular in shape. Other techniques, such as applying these circular apertures through multiple isocenter positions to a single volume, have been investigated as possible ways to better conform dose distributions to these irregularly-shaped volumes. Recent technological advances allow the use of micromultileaf collimators which dynamically shape the beam by adjustment of individual leaves as the gantry rotates through the are. With margins potentially so tight, accurate evaluation of these dynamically adjusting treatment parameters becomes critical. Our current treatment planning software evaluates adjustments of the leaf positions in increments of 10 degrees and then does a linear interpolation between increments. Treatment delivery, however, is performed with adjustment in leaf position more consistent with a 1 degree increment. This paper compares the individual position of each leaf as determined for the 10 degrees interpolation to required changes in leaf position when the calculation is performed at increments of less than 10 degrees. Our data suggest that there are instances where improvements can be seen when corrections in leaf positions are made at these smaller increments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Leavitt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
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Freeman D, Wilson V, McMahon A, Packard C, Gaffney D. A poymorphism of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) gene predicts Cardiovascular (CV) events in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Thiart R, Scholtz CL, Vergotine J, Hoogendijk CF, de Villiers JN, Nissen H, Brusgaard K, Gaffney D, Hoffs MS, Vermaak WJ, Kotze MJ. Predominance of a 6 bp deletion in exon 2 of the LDL receptor gene in Africans with familial hypercholesterolaemia. J Med Genet 2000; 37:514-9. [PMID: 10882754 PMCID: PMC1734636 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.7.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In South Africa, the high prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) among Afrikaners, Jews, and Indians as a result of founder genes is in striking contrast to its reported virtual absence in the black population in general. In this study, the molecular basis of primary hypercholesterolaemia was studied in 16 Africans diagnosed with FH. DNA analysis using three screening methods resulted in the identification of seven different mutations in the coding region of the low density lipoprotein (LDLR) gene in 10 of the patients analysed. These included a 6 bp deletion (GCGATG) accounting for 28% of defective alleles, and six point mutations (D151H, R232W, R385Q, E387K, P678L, and R793Q) detected in single families. The Sotho patient with missense mutation R232W was also heterozygous for a de novo splicing defect 313+1G-->A. Several silent mutations/polymorphisms were detected in the LDLR and apolipoprotein B genes, including a base change (g-->t) at nucleotide position -175 in the FP2 LDLR regulatory element. This promoter variant was detected at a significantly higher (p<0.05) frequency in FH patients compared to controls and occurred in cis with mutation E387K in one family. Analysis of four intragenic LDLR gene polymorphisms showed that the same chromosomal background was identified at this locus in the four FH patients with the 6 bp deletion. Detection of the 6 bp deletion in Xhosa, Pedi, and Tswana FH patients suggests that it is an ancient mutation predating tribal separation approximately 3000 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Thiart
- MRC Cape Heart Group, Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Gaffney D, Pollock AM, Price D, Shaoul J. The private finance initiative: the politics of the private finance initiative and the new NHS. BMJ 1999; 319:249-53. [PMID: 10417094 PMCID: PMC1116335 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7204.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Gaffney
- Health Policy and Health Services Research Unit, School of Public Policy, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ, UK
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Pollock AM, Dunnigan MG, Gaffney D, Price D, Shaoul J. The private finance initiative: planning the "new" NHS: downsizing for the 21st century. BMJ 1999; 319:179-84. [PMID: 10406762 PMCID: PMC1116276 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7203.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Pollock
- Health Policy and Health Services Research Unit, School of Public Policy, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gaffney
- Health Policy and Health Services Research Unit, School of Public Policy, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ
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Gaffney D, Pollock AM, Price D, Shaoul J. The private finance initiative. NHS capital expenditure and the private finance initiative-expansion or contraction? BMJ 1999; 319:48-51. [PMID: 10390465 PMCID: PMC1116147 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.319.7201.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Gaffney
- Health Policy and Health Services Research Unit, School of Public Policy, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ
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Pullinger CR, Gaffney D, Gutierrez MM, Malloy MJ, Schumaker VN, Packard CJ, Kane JP. The apolipoprotein B R3531C mutation. Characteristics of 24 subjects from 9 kindreds. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:318-27. [PMID: 9925662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial ligand-defective apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a group of disorders caused by mutations in the apoB gene. In this report the R3531C mutation is characterized further using a monoclonal antibody MB19/dynamic laser light scattering technique to measure ratios of Cys(3531) to normal low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. All six subjects studied showed a preferential accumulation of particles carrying the defective apoB allotype. We determined binding properties of LDL from R3531C heterozygotes by measurement of high-affinity binding to LDL receptors on fibroblasts and its ability promote growth of U937 cells. LDL from R3531C heterozygotes, compared to normal LDL, had 49.3% of the binding affinity and was 74% as effective in a U937 cell proliferation assay. To identify new probands, we screened 2570 subjects for the R3531C mutation. Nine probands were found with 15 affected relatives. Of the seven haplotypes we uncovered, two were novel, while five were identical to one initially reported as associated with Cys3531. Three silent mutations were detected also: T3540T, N3542N and T3552T. Analysis of lipid profiles of R3531C families showed, as with the R3500Q mutation, variable expression of the phenotype, modulated by environmental and other genetic factors. Both mutations tend to produce lower plasma levels of LDL in affected subjects than do defects of the LDL receptor (familial hypercholesterolemia, FH). This study shows that the Cys(3531) LDL particles are not only defective at binding to the LDL receptor, as determined by two separate methods, but that in all cases they accumulate preferentially compared to the normal allotype.-Pullinger, C. R., D. Gaffney, M. M. Gutierrez, M. J. Malloy, V. N. Schumaker, C. J. Packard, and J. P. Kane. Apolipoprotein B R3531C mutation: characteristics of 24 subjects from 9 kindreds. .
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Pullinger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0130, USA
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41
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Gaffney D, Pullinger C, Kane J. Association of mutations in the apolipoprotein B gene with hypercholesterolemia and the risk of ischemic heart disease. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:1640-1; author reply 1641-2. [PMID: 9867529 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199811263392214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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McFarlane D, Sellon DC, Gaffney D, Hedgpeth V, Papich M, Gibbs S. Hematologic and serum biochemical variables and plasma corticotropin concentration in healthy aged horses. Am J Vet Res 1998; 59:1247-51. [PMID: 9781456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare hematologic and serum biochemical variables and plasma ACTH concentration between healthy horses 5 to 12 years old and those more than 20 years old. ANIMALS 30 healthy horses 5 to 12 years old and 30 healthy horses more than 20 years old. PROCEDURES Venous blood was collected from all horses, and CBC and serum biochemical analysis were performed for each horse. Plasma ACTH concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Student's paired t-test or the Mann-Whitney rank sum test was used to compare values between control and aged horse groups. RESULTS Compared with values for control horses, aged horses had significantly higher erythrocyte mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin. Aged horses also had significantly decreased total lymphocyte count. Five aged horses had lymphocyte count that was lower than the low reference limit as established for horses in our laboratory. Differences between control and aged horses for serum biochemical or plasma ACTH values were not significant. CONCLUSION Compared with younger adult horses, those more than 20 years old have some hematologic differences, but there is no apparent effect of aging on baseline plasma ACTH concentration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is important to establish age-matched control values for optimal interpretation of clinicopathologic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McFarlane
- Department of Food Animal and Equine Medicine and Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27606, USA
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Warshaw DM, Hayes E, Gaffney D, Lauzon AM, Wu J, Kennedy G, Trybus K, Lowey S, Berger C. Myosin conformational states determined by single fluorophore polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:8034-9. [PMID: 9653135 PMCID: PMC20924 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle contraction is powered by the interaction of the molecular motor myosin with actin. With new techniques for single molecule manipulation and fluorescence detection, it is now possible to correlate, within the same molecule and in real time, conformational states and mechanical function of myosin. A spot-confocal microscope, capable of detecting single fluorophore polarization, was developed to measure orientational states in the smooth muscle myosin light chain domain during the process of motion generation. Fluorescently labeled turkey gizzard smooth muscle myosin was prepared by removal of endogenous regulatory light chain and re-addition of the light chain labeled at cysteine-108 with the 6-isomer of iodoacetamidotetramethylrhodamine (6-IATR). Single myosin molecule fluorescence polarization data, obtained in a motility assay, provide direct evidence that the myosin light chain domain adopts at least two orientational states during the cyclic interaction of myosin with actin, a randomly disordered state, most likely associated with myosin whereas weakly bound to actin, and an ordered state in which the light chain domain adopts a finite angular orientation whereas strongly bound after the powerstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Warshaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Lee WK, Haddad L, Macleod MJ, Dorrance AM, Wilson DJ, Gaffney D, Dominiczak MH, Packard CJ, Day IN, Humphries SE, Dominiczak AF. Identification of a common low density lipoprotein receptor mutation (C163Y) in the west of Scotland. J Med Genet 1998; 35:573-8. [PMID: 9678702 PMCID: PMC1051368 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.35.7.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an autosomal codominant disorder characterised by high levels of LDL cholesterol and a high incidence of coronary artery disease. Our aims were to track the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene in individual families with phenotypic FH and to identify and characterise any mutations of the LDLR gene that may be common in the west of Scotland FH population using single strand conformational polymorphism analysis (SSCP). Patient samples consisted of 80 heterozygous probands with FH, 200 subjects who were related to the probands, and a further 50 normal, unrelated control subjects. Tracking of the LDLR gene was accomplished by amplification of a 19 allele tetranucleotide microsatellite that is tightly linked to the LDLR gene locus. Primers specific for exon 4 of the LDLR gene were used to amplify genomic DNA and used for SSCP analysis. Any PCR products with different migration patterns as assessed by SSCP were then sequenced directly. In addition to identifying probands with a common mutation, family members were screened using a forced restriction site assay and analysed using microplate array diagonal gel electrophoresis (MADGE). Microsatellite D19S394 analysis was informative in 20 of 23 families studied. In these families there was no inconsistency with segregation of the FH phenotype with the LDLR locus. Of the FH probands, 15/80 had a mutant allele as assessed by SSCP using three pairs of primers covering the whole of exon 4 of the LDLR gene. Direct DNA sequencing showed that 7/15 of the probands had a C163Y mutation. Using a PCR induced restriction site assay for the enzyme RsaI and MADGE, it was determined that the C163Y mutation cosegregated with the FH phenotype in family members of the FH probands. This mutant allele was not present in any of the control subjects. Microsatellite analysis has proven useful in tracking the LDLR gene and could be used in conjunction with LDL cholesterol levels to diagnose FH, especially in children and young adults where phenotypic diagnosis can be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Gardiner Institute, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Gaffney D, Hoffs MS, Cameron IM, Stewart G, O'Reilly DS, Packard CJ. Influence of polymorphism Q3405E and mutation A3371V in the apolipoprotein B gene on LDL receptor binding. Atherosclerosis 1998; 137:167-74. [PMID: 9568749 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(97)00242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial defective apolipoprotein B (FDB) is due to mutations in the apolipoprotein B (apo B) gene at codon 3500 or 3531 that affect low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor binding. From sequence analysis the putative receptor binding site was believed originally to be upstream from this at residues 3147-3157 and 3357-3367. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, mutations were sought in codons 3350-3466. This includes the important positively charged residues 3357-3367. DNA from 928 hyperlipidaemic individuals was studied and two hitherto unknown DNA changes were discovered, one of which resulted in an altered amino acid in the apo B. A known polymorphism Q3405E was also detected at a carrier frequency of 1.4%. Using growth of U937 cells as a measure of binding affinity of LDL to its receptor the newly discovered mutant A3371V permitted the same growth as LDL from normolipidaemic individuals of the U937 cells, however, the LDL from Q3405E individuals permitted only 77% of the normal growth (P=0.009).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gaffney
- Institute of Pathological Biochemistry, Glasgow Royal Infirmary University NHS Trust, Scotland, UK
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48
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Pollock A, Gaffney D, Dunnigan M, Shaoul J. Acute services. Time to strip the beds? Health Serv J 1997; 107:30-3. [PMID: 10175617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The health authority and trust proposals for Birmingham's health services, currently the subject of consultation, are radical, untested and uncosted. They assume that once emergency assessment and ambulatory care centres are operational, under half the current caseload will need inpatient stays. University Hospital Birmingham trust's proposal for a new hospital built and operated by the private sector assumes no growth in activity and a 17 per cent reduction in the present bed complement, at a time when emergency admissions in Birmingham are increasing by 5 per cent a year. Analysis of the proposals suggests they will destabilise an already precarious acute service in Birmingham.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pollock
- Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School
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Pollock AM, Dunnigan M, Gaffney D, Macfarlane A, Majeed FA. What happens when the private sector plans hospital services for the NHS: three case studies under the private finance initiative. NHS Consultants' Association, Radical Statics Health Group, and the NHS Support Federation. BMJ 1997; 314:1266-71. [PMID: 9154034 PMCID: PMC2126590 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.314.7089.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Pollock
- NHS Consultants' Association, Great Bourton, Banbury.
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Campbell RA, Gaffney D, Spooner RJ. Identification of a heterozygote for the silent and Kalow alleles of cholinesterase using a polymerase chain reaction technique. Ann Clin Biochem 1996; 33 ( Pt 6):568-70. [PMID: 8937593 DOI: 10.1177/000456329603300616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Campbell
- Institute of Biochemistry, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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