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Lam KS, Gustavson DR, Pirnik DL, Pack E, Bulanhagui C, Mamber SW, Forenza S, Stodieck LS, Klaus DM. The effect of space flight on the production of actinomycin D by Streptomyces plicatus. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 29:299-302. [PMID: 12483468 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.7000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2001] [Accepted: 07/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The effect of space flight on production of the antibiotic actinomycin D by Streptomyces plicatus WC56452 was examined onboard the US Space Shuttle mission STS-80. Paired space flight and ground control samples were similarly prepared using identical hardware, media, and inoculum. The cultures were grown in defined and complex media under dark, anaerobic, thermally controlled (20 degrees C) conditions with samples fixed after 7 and 12 days in orbit, and viable residuals maintained through landing at 17 days, 15 h. Postflight analyses indicated that space flight had reduced the colony-forming unit (CFU) per milliliter count of S. plicatus and increased the specific productivity (pg CFU(-1)) of actinomycin D. The antibiotic compound itself was not affected, but its production time course was altered in space. Viable flight samples also maintained their sporulation ability when plated on agar medium postflight, while the residual ground controls did not sporulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lam
- Natural Products Research, Lead Discovery Department, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, PO Box 5100, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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Lowe SE, Gustavson DR, Meyers DS, Veitch JA, Forenza S, Lam KS. The effect of carbon source, temperature and aeration on the production of ascosteroside, a novel antifungal agent, by Ascotricha amphitricha. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1997; 50:412-7. [PMID: 9207911 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.50.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the optimization of production of ascosteroside, a novel antifungal agent with an alpha-linked glycoside of a lanosterone-type triterpenoid structure. Glucose, sorbose and inositol were determined to be the best carbon sources for the production of ascosteroside. Temperature affected levels of ascosteroside, with production being highest at 16 degrees C with 1% glucose, and lowest at 32 degrees C. Dissolved oxygen levels were found to be critical in the production of ascosteroside in fermenter cultures. In order for production of ascosteroside to occur in fermenter cultures, the threshold level of dissolved oxygen was found to be above 26%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Lowe
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA
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Lam KS, Hesler GA, Gustavson DR, Berry RL, Tomita K, MacBeth JL, Ross J, Miller D, Forenza S. Pyrrolosporin A, a new antitumor antibiotic from Micromonospora sp. C39217-R109-7. I. Taxonomy of producing organism, fermentation and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1996; 49:860-4. [PMID: 8931718 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.49.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Strain C39217-R109-7 (ATCC 53791) is an actinomycete strain isolated from a soil sample collected at Puerto Viejo, Peru. It produces a new antitumor antibiotic, designated pyrrolosporin A. Taxonomic studies on its morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics identified this producing strain as Micromonospora sp. C39217-R109-7. Pyrrolosporin A shows antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and it is weakly active against Gram-negative bacteria. Pyrrolosporin A prolongs the life span of mice inoculated with P388 leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lam
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA
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Gorman JA, Chang LP, Clark J, Gustavson DR, Lam KS, Mamber SW, Pirnik D, Ricca C, Fernandes PB, O'Sullivan J. Ascosteroside, a new antifungal agent from Ascotricha amphitricha. I. Taxonomy, fermentation and biological activities. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1996; 49:547-52. [PMID: 8698637 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.49.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ascosteroside, a novel antifungal compound, was isolated from the culture broth of Ascotricha amphitricha. This compound is an alpha-linked glycoside of a lanostane type triterpenoid. It is active against yeasts such as Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and against filamentous fungi but shows no activity against bacteria. It is not toxic to mammalian cells at concentrations up to 150 microM. In a mouse model, the compound afforded protection comparable to that of ketoconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gorman
- Department of Microbial Molecular Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Lam KS, Gustavson DR, Hesler GA, Dabrah TT, Matson JA, Berry RL, Rose WC, Forenza S. Korkormicins, novel depsipeptide antitumor antibiotics from Micromonospora sp C39500: fermentation, precursor directed biosynthesis and biological activities. J Ind Microbiol 1995; 15:60-5. [PMID: 7662300 DOI: 10.1007/bf01570015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Micromonospora sp C39500, isolated in our laboratory from a soil sample, produced a complex of seven novel depsipeptide antitumor antibiotics, designated korkormicins. The major component of the complex, korkormicin A, has a MW of 1452 and a molecular formula of C66H84N16O22. Korkormicin A exhibits potent in vivo antitumor activity against P388 leukemia and M109 lung carcinoma implanted intraperitoneally (ip) in mice, with effective doses of 0.05-0.20 mg kg-1 injection-1, for five or three ip injections, respectively. It is also active against Gram-positive bacteria but inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. The production of korkormicin A was enhanced by 3-fold when 0.1% L-valine was added to the production culture at 48 h. A titer of 401.0 micrograms ml-1 was achieved in the fermenter culture supplemented with 0.1% L-valine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lam
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA
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Lam KS, Gustavson DR, Veitch JM, Forenza S, Ross J, Miller D, Roach J, Lebherz WB, Poole K. Large scale production and semi-purification of kedarcidin in a 1000-L fermentor. J Ind Microbiol 1994; 13:356-60. [PMID: 7765667 DOI: 10.1007/bf01577219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycete strain ATCC 53650 was grown in a 1000-L fermentor containing 680 L of medium and the production of kedarcidin was monitored by HPLC. The titers of kedarcidin in the fermentor cultures were 0.49-0.53 mg ml-1. A quick and efficient purification method involving the use of anion exchange resin DE23 (batch adsorption-desorption) and an ultrafiltration system yielded high recovery (65% yield) of kedarcidin from the fermentor culture. Over 200 grams of lyophilized kedarcidin of 70% purity was recovered from each of two 1000-L fermentor cultures using this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lam
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT
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Mayerl F, Gao Q, Huang S, Klohr SE, Matson JA, Gustavson DR, Pirnik DM, Berry RL, Fairchild C, Rose WC. Eupenifeldin, a novel cytotoxic bistropolone from Eupenicillium brefeldianum. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1993; 46:1082-8. [PMID: 8360103 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.46.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Eupenifeldin was isolated from cultures of Eupenicillium brefeldianum ATCC 74184 by extraction and crystallization. The compound was identified as a pentacyclic bistropolone on the basis of spectral data and its complete structure was established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The compound is cytotoxic against the HCT-116 cell line and has in vivo antitumor activity in the P388 leukemia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mayerl
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
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Lam KS, Gustavson DR, Veitch JA, Forenza S. The effect of cerulenin on the production of esperamicin A1 by Actinomadura verrucosospora. J Ind Microbiol 1993; 12:99-102. [PMID: 7764159 DOI: 10.1007/bf01569908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Addition of cerulenin (0.25-1.0 mM) to cultures of Acinomadura verrucosospora before the onset of esperamicin synthesis inhibited the production of esperamicin A1 by the microorganism. This result indicates that esperamicin A1 is biosynthesized in part by the polyketide pathway. Addition of cerulenin to the cultures during the active production phase led to a net decrease in esperamicin A1 production. The 14C-acetate labeling pattern of esperamicin A1 in the cultures with or without addition of cerulenin at the active production phase also demonstrated the instability of esperamicin A1 in the fermentation. This suggests that esperamicin A1 is unstable and degradation occurs during the active production phase. Addition of the neutral resin Diaion HP-20 (1%) to the fermentation enhanced the production of esperamicin A1 by 53%.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lam
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492
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Lam KS, Titus JA, Dabrah TT, Kimball DL, Veitch JM, Gustavson DR, Compton BJ, Matson JA, Forenza S, Ross J. Improved processes for the production and isolation of dynemicin A and large-scale fermentation in a 10000-liter fermentor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 11:7-12. [PMID: 1369016 DOI: 10.1007/bf01583725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Supplementing the culture of Micromonospora chersina sp. nov. No. M956-1 with NaI (0.5 mg/l) enhanced the production of dynemicin A by 35-fold in shake flask culture. Homogeneous dynemicin A was obtained from the whole broth extract by Dicalite chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and vacuum liquid chromatography. Gram quantities of dynemicin A were obtained from the fermentation of M. chersina sp. nov. No. M956-1 in a 10,000-liter fermentor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lam
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492
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Lam KS, Hesler GA, Gustavson DR, Crosswell AR, Veitch JM, Forenza S, Tomita K. Kedarcidin, a new chromoprotein antitumor antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of producing organism, fermentation and biological activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1991; 44:472-8. [PMID: 2061190 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.44.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Strain L585-6 (ATCC 53650) is an actinomycete isolated from a soil sample collected in Maharastra State, India. It produces a new chromoprotein antitumor antibiotic, designated kedarcidin. Taxonomic studies demonstrated that strain L585-6 is an unidentified and unknown actinomycete. Kedarcidin shows potent antitumor activity against implanted P388 leukemia (3.3 micrograms/ml/kg) and B16 melanoma (2 micrograms/kg) in mice. Kedarcidin also shows potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria but no activity against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lam
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT 06492
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Hagedorn C, Gould WD, Bardinelli TR, Gustavson DR. A selective medium for enumeration and recovery of Pseudomonas cepacia biotypes from soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 1987; 53:2265-8. [PMID: 3674874 PMCID: PMC204094 DOI: 10.1128/aem.53.9.2265-2268.1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TB-T medium provides a high degree of selectivity for and detection of Pseudomonas cepacia biotypes upon initial plating from soil. TB-T medium consists of a basal medium with glucose as the sole carbon source and asparagine as the sole nitrogen source. The selectivity of TB-T medium is based on the combination of trypan blue (TB) and tetracycline (T) (pH 5.5). On TB-T medium, 216 of 300 isolates (72%) from five different soil types were identified as P. cepacia. The remaining 28% were facultative organisms that could be separated readily from P. cepacia by anaerobic glucose fermentation and by their inability to grow at 41 degrees C. Molds were controlled on low soil dilutions by adding crystal violet, nystatin, or both. Elimination of either ingredient or elevation of the pH to 7.5 resulted in a pronounced loss of selectivity. The efficiency of recovery varied considerably among P. cepacia strains but was high enough for some strains (76 to 86%) to permit quantitative studies. TB-T medium combines a defined formulation with high selectivity and allows recovery of P. cepacia biotypes from low soil dilutions (10(1) to 10(3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hagedorn
- Department of Agronomy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg
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