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Voillet V, Berger TR, McKenna KM, Paulson KG, Tan WH, Smythe KS, Hunter DS, Valente WJ, Weaver S, Campbell JS, Kim TS, Byrd DR, Bielas JH, Pierce RH, Chapuis AG, Gottardo R, Rongvaux A. An In Vivo Model of Human Macrophages in Metastatic Melanoma. J Immunol 2022; 209:606-620. [PMID: 35817516 PMCID: PMC9377377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent therapeutic progress, advanced melanoma remains lethal for many patients. The composition of the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) has decisive impacts on therapy response and disease outcome, and high-dimensional analyses of patient samples reveal the heterogeneity of the immune TME. Macrophages infiltrate TMEs and generally associate with tumor progression, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Because experimental systems are needed to elucidate the functional properties of these cells, we developed a humanized mouse model reconstituted with human immune cells and human melanoma. We used two strains of recipient mice, supporting or not supporting the development of human myeloid cells. We found that human myeloid cells favored metastatic spread of the primary tumor, thereby recapitulating the cancer-supportive role of macrophages. We next analyzed the transcriptome of human immune cells infiltrating tumors versus other tissues. This analysis identified a cluster of myeloid cells present in the TME, but not in other tissues, which do not correspond to canonical M2 cells. The transcriptome of these cells is characterized by high expression of glycolytic enzymes and multiple chemokines and by low expression of gene sets associated with inflammation and adaptive immunity. Compared with humanized mouse results, we found transcriptionally similar myeloid cells in patient-derived samples of melanoma and other cancer types. The humanized mouse model described here thus complements patient sample analyses, enabling further elucidation of fundamental principles in melanoma biology beyond M1/M2 macrophage polarization. The model can also support the development and evaluation of candidate antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Voillet
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Cape Town HIV Vaccine Trials Network Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Trisha R Berger
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelly M McKenna
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Kelly G Paulson
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei Hong Tan
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Kimberly S Smythe
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel S Hunter
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - William J Valente
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Stephanie Weaver
- Experimental Histopathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jean S Campbell
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Teresa S Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - David R Byrd
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Raphaël Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA;
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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2
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Lahman MC, Schmitt TM, Paulson KG, Vigneron N, Buenrostro D, Wagener FD, Voillet V, Martin L, Gottardo R, Bielas J, McElrath JM, Stirewalt DL, Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL, Yeung CC, Pierce RH, Egan DN, Bar M, Hendrie PC, Kinsella S, Vakil A, Butler J, Chaffee M, Linton J, McAfee MS, Hunter DS, Bleakley M, Rongvaux A, Van den Eynde BJ, Chapuis AG, Greenberg PD. Targeting an alternate Wilms' tumor antigen 1 peptide bypasses immunoproteasome dependency. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg8070. [PMID: 35138909 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg8070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Designing effective antileukemic immunotherapy will require understanding mechanisms underlying tumor control or resistance. Here, we report a mechanism of escape from immunologic targeting in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient, who relapsed 1 year after immunotherapy with engineered T cells expressing a human leukocyte antigen A*02 (HLA-A2)-restricted T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a Wilms' tumor antigen 1 epitope, WT1126-134 (TTCR-C4). Resistance occurred despite persistence of functional therapeutic T cells and continuous expression of WT1 and HLA-A2 by the patient's AML cells. Analysis of the recurrent AML revealed expression of the standard proteasome, but limited expression of the immunoproteasome, specifically the beta subunit 1i (β1i), which is required for presentation of WT1126-134. An analysis of a second patient treated with TTCR-C4 demonstrated specific loss of AML cells coexpressing β1i and WT1. To determine whether the WT1 protein continued to be processed and presented in the absence of immunoproteasome processing, we identified and tested a TCR targeting an alternative, HLA-A2-restricted WT137-45 epitope that was generated by immunoproteasome-deficient cells, including WT1-expressing solid tumor lines. T cells expressing this TCR (TTCR37-45) killed the first patients' relapsed AML resistant to WT1126-134 targeting, as well as other primary AML, in vitro. TTCR37-45 controlled solid tumor lines lacking immunoproteasome subunits both in vitro and in an NSG mouse model. As proteasome composition can vary in AML, defining and preferentially targeting these proteasome-independent epitopes may maximize therapeutic efficacy and potentially circumvent AML immune evasion by proteasome-related immunoediting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda C Lahman
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Thomas M Schmitt
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kelly G Paulson
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Nathalie Vigneron
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denise Buenrostro
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Felecia D Wagener
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Valentin Voillet
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Lauren Martin
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jason Bielas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Julie M McElrath
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Derek L Stirewalt
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | | | - Cecilia C Yeung
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Robert H Pierce
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Daniel N Egan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Merav Bar
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Paul C Hendrie
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Sinéad Kinsella
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aesha Vakil
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jonah Butler
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mary Chaffee
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jonathan Linton
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Megan S McAfee
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel S Hunter
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Marie Bleakley
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Aude G Chapuis
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Philip D Greenberg
- Program in Immunology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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3
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Paulson KG, Voillet V, McAfee MS, Hunter DS, Wagener FD, Perdicchio M, Valente WJ, Koelle SJ, Church CD, Vandeven N, Thomas H, Colunga AG, Iyer JG, Yee C, Kulikauskas R, Koelle DM, Pierce RH, Bielas JH, Greenberg PD, Bhatia S, Gottardo R, Nghiem P, Chapuis AG. Acquired cancer resistance to combination immunotherapy from transcriptional loss of class I HLA. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3868. [PMID: 30250229 PMCID: PMC6155241 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06300-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of late/acquired cancer immunotherapy resistance is critical to improve outcomes; cellular immunotherapy trials offer a means to probe complex tumor-immune interfaces through defined T cell/antigen interactions. We treated two patients with metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma with autologous Merkel cell polyomavirus specific CD8+ T cells and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In both cases, dramatic remissions were associated with dense infiltration of activated CD8+s into the regressing tumors. However, late relapses developed at 22 and 18 months, respectively. Here we report single cell RNA sequencing identified dynamic transcriptional suppression of the specific HLA genes presenting the targeted viral epitope in the resistant tumor as a consequence of intense CD8-mediated immunologic pressure; this is distinguished from genetic HLA-loss by its reversibility with drugs. Transcriptional suppression of Class I loci may underlie resistance to other immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, and have implications for the design of improved immunotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Paulson
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - V Voillet
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M S McAfee
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D S Hunter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - F D Wagener
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Perdicchio
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - W J Valente
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S J Koelle
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C D Church
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - N Vandeven
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - H Thomas
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - J G Iyer
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Yee
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - D M Koelle
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R H Pierce
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J H Bielas
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P D Greenberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Bhatia
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Gottardo
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Nghiem
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A G Chapuis
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, USA.
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