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Criddle DN, Tepikin AV. Neighbourhood Watch: Two-pore-2 channels talking to IP3 receptors. Cell Calcium 2024; 119:102868. [PMID: 38457907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The recent elegant study by Y. Yuan and colleagues examined functional relationships between the lysosomal two-pore channels 2 (TPC2) and IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) located in the endoplasmic reticulum [1]. The findings of this study suggest functional coupling of these channels and receptors. The study also describes interesting novel phenomena, which may indicate an additional coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, Crown Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
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2
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Vallabh NA, Armstrong J, Czanner G, McDonagh B, Choudhary A, Criddle DN, Willoughby CE. Evidence of impaired mitochondrial cellular bioenergetics in ocular fibroblasts derived from glaucoma patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:102-110. [PMID: 35872337 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the neurodegeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) resulting in irreversible visual impairment and eventual blindness. RGCs are extremely susceptible to mitochondrial compromise due to their marked bioenergetic requirements and morphology. There is increasing interest in therapies targeting mitochondrial health as a method of preventing visual loss in managing glaucoma. The bioenergetic profile of Tenon's ocular fibroblasts from glaucoma patients and controls was investigated using the Seahorse XF24 analyser. Impaired mitochondrial cellular bioenergetics was detected in glaucomatous ocular fibroblasts including basal respiration, maximal respiration and spare capacity. Spare respiratory capacity levels reflect mitochondrial bio-energetic adaptability in response to pathophysiological stress. Basal oxidative stress was elevated in glaucomatous Tenon's ocular fibroblasts and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) simulated the glaucomatous condition in normal Tenon's ocular fibroblasts. This work supports the role of therapeutic interventions to target oxidative stress or provide mitochondrial energetic support in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru A Vallabh
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom; St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Armstrong
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Czanner
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom; Faculty of Informatics and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 842 16, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anshoo Choudhary
- St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - David N Criddle
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, United Kingdom
| | - Colin E Willoughby
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom; Genomic Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
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3
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Yang X, Yao L, Yuan M, Zhang X, Jakubowska MA, Ferdek PE, Dai L, Yang J, Jin T, Deng L, Fu X, Du D, Liu T, Criddle DN, Sutton R, Huang W, Xia Q. Transcriptomics and Network Pharmacology Reveal the Protective Effect of Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction on Obesity-Related Alcohol-Induced Acute Pancreatitis via Oxidative Stress and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896523. [PMID: 35754467 PMCID: PMC9213732 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related acute pancreatitis (AP) is characterized by increasing prevalence worldwide and worse clinical outcomes compared to AP of other etiologies. Chaiqin chengqi decoction (CQCQD), a Chinese herbal formula, has long been used for the clinical management of AP but its therapeutic actions and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study has investigated the pharmacological mechanisms of CQCQD in a novel mouse model of obesity-related alcohol-induced AP (OA-AP). The mouse OA-AP model was induced by a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and subsequently two intraperitoneal injections of ethanol, CQCQD was administered 2 h after the first injection of ethanol. The severity of OA-AP was assessed and correlated with changes in transcriptomic profiles and network pharmacology in the pancreatic and adipose tissues, and further docking analysis modeled the interactions between compounds of CQCQD and their key targets. The results showed that CQCQD significantly reduced pancreatic necrosis, alleviated systemic inflammation, and decreased the parameters associated with multi-organ dysfunction. Transcriptomics and network pharmacology analysis, as well as further experimental validation, have shown that CQCQD induced Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant protein response and decreased Akt phosphorylation in the pancreatic and adipose tissues. In vitro, CQCQD protected freshly isolated pancreatic acinar cells from H2O2-elicited oxidative stress and necrotic cell death. The docking results of AKT1 and the active compounds related to AKT1 in CQCQD showed high binding affinity. In conclusion, CQCQD ameliorates the severity of OA-AP by activating of the antioxidant protein response and down-regulating of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the pancreas and visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Pawel E Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihui Deng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Du
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Du W, Liu G, Shi N, Tang D, Ferdek PE, Jakubowska MA, Liu S, Zhu X, Zhang J, Yao L, Sang X, Zou S, Liu T, Mukherjee R, Criddle DN, Zheng X, Xia Q, Berggren PO, Huang W, Sutton R, Tian Y, Huang W, Fu X. A microRNA checkpoint for Ca 2+ signaling and overload in acute pancreatitis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1754-1774. [PMID: 35077860 PMCID: PMC9077382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive disease without specific treatment, and its pathogenesis features multiple deleterious amplification loops dependent on translation, triggered by cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) overload; however, the underlying mechanisms in Ca2+ overload of AP remains incompletely understood. Here we show that microRNA-26a (miR-26a) inhibits pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channel expression, Ca2+ overload, and AP. We find that major SOCE channels are post-transcriptionally induced in PACs during AP, whereas miR-26a expression is reduced in experimental and human AP and correlated with AP severity. Mechanistically, miR-26a simultaneously targets Trpc3 and Trpc6 SOCE channels and attenuates physiological oscillations and pathological elevations of [Ca2+]i in PACs. MiR-26a deficiency increases SOCE channel expression and [Ca2+]i overload, and significantly exacerbates AP. Conversely, global or PAC-specific overexpression of miR-26a in mice ameliorates pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, acinar necrosis, and systemic inflammation, accompanied with remarkable improvements on pathological determinants related with [Ca2+]i overload. Moreover, pancreatic or systemic administration of an miR-26a mimic to mice significantly alleviates experimental AP. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism underlying AP pathogenesis, establish a critical role for miR-26a in Ca2+ signaling in the exocrine pancreas, and identify a potential target for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Du
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Pawel E Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika A Jakubowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiongbo Sang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Sailan Zou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; West China Biobanks, Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
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5
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Criddle DN, Tepikin AV. Polarity of action in salivary gland acinar cells: Local and preferential Ca 2+ signalling. Cell Calcium 2021; 99:102471. [PMID: 34517215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Salivary secretion is important for digestion and paramount for oral health. Both exocytotic secretion of proteins (including salivary amylase and mucins) and fluid secretion contribute to the formation of saliva. A recent study by T. Takano and colleagues [1] has revealed interesting patterns of Ca2+ responses with implications for important modifications to the established model of fluid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
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6
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Ouyang Y, Wen L, Armstrong JA, Chvanov M, Latawiec D, Cai W, Awais M, Mukherjee R, Huang W, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Protective Effects of Necrostatin-1 in Acute Pancreatitis: Partial Involvement of Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1. Cells 2021; 10:1035. [PMID: 33925729 PMCID: PMC8145347 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe and potentially fatal disease caused predominantly by alcohol excess and gallstones, which lacks a specific therapy. The role of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key component of programmed necrosis (Necroptosis), is unclear in AP. We assessed the effects of RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and RIPK1 modification (RIPK1K45A: kinase dead) in bile acid (TLCS-AP), alcoholic (FAEE-AP) and caerulein hyperstimulation (CER-AP) mouse models. Involvement of collateral Nec-1 target indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was probed with the inhibitor Epacadostat (EPA). Effects of Nec-1 and RIPK1K45A were also compared on pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) fate in vitro and underlying mechanisms explored. Nec-1 markedly ameliorated histological and biochemical changes in all models. However, these were only partially reduced or unchanged in RIPK1K45A mice. Inhibition of IDO with EPA was protective in TLCS-AP. Both Nec-1 and RIPK1K45A modification inhibited TLCS- and FAEE-induced PAC necrosis in vitro. Nec-1 did not affect TLCS-induced Ca2+ entry in PACs, however, it inhibited an associated ROS elevation. The results demonstrate protective actions of Nec-1 in multiple models. However, RIPK1-dependent necroptosis only partially contributed to beneficial effects, and actions on targets such as IDO are likely to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ouyang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Wen
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Jane A. Armstrong
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Wenhao Cai
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Mohammad Awais
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Peter J. Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA; (P.J.G.); (J.B.)
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA; (P.J.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Robert Sutton
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
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7
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De Faveri F, Chvanov M, Voronina S, Moore D, Pollock L, Haynes L, Awais M, Beckett AJ, Mayer U, Sutton R, Criddle DN, Prior IA, Wileman T, Tepikin AV. LAP-like non-canonical autophagy and evolution of endocytic vacuoles in pancreatic acinar cells. Autophagy 2020; 16:1314-1331. [PMID: 31651224 PMCID: PMC7469629 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1679514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of trypsinogen (formation of trypsin) inside the pancreas is an early pathological event in the development of acute pancreatitis. In our previous studies we identified the activation of trypsinogen within endocytic vacuoles (EVs), cellular organelles that appear in pancreatic acinar cells treated with the inducers of acute pancreatitis. EVs are formed as a result of aberrant compound exocytosis and subsequent internalization of post-exocytic structures. These organelles can be up to 12 μm in diameter and can be actinated (i.e. coated with F-actin). Notably, EVs can undergo intracellular rupture and fusion with the plasma membrane, providing trypsin with access to cytoplasmic and extracellular targets. Unraveling the mechanisms involved in cellular processing of EVs is an interesting cell biological challenge with potential benefits for understanding acute pancreatitis. In this study we have investigated autophagy of EVs and discovered that it involves a non-canonical LC3-conjugation mechanism, reminiscent in its properties to LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP); in both processes LC3 was recruited to single, outer organellar membranes. Trypsinogen activation peptide was observed in approximately 55% of LC3-coated EVs indicating the relevance of the described process to the early cellular events of acute pancreatitis. We also investigated relationships between actination and non-canonical autophagy of EVs and concluded that these processes represent sequential steps in the evolution of EVs. Our study expands the known roles of LAP and indicates that, in addition to its well-established functions in phagocytosis and macropinocytosis, LAP is also involved in the processing of post-exocytic organelles in exocrine secretory cells. ABBREVIATIONS AP: acute pancreatitis; CCK: cholecystokinin; CLEM: correlative light and electron microscopy; DPI: diphenyleneiodonium; EV: endocytic vacuole; LAP: LC3-associate phagocytosis; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; PACs: pancreatic acinar cells; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; Res: resveratrol; TAP: trypsinogen activation peptide; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TLC-S: taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate; TRD: Dextran Texas Red 3000 MW Neutral; ZGs: zymogen granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Faveri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Danielle Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Liam Pollock
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lee Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alison J. Beckett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ulrike Mayer
- Bio-Medical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian A. Prior
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Wileman
- Bio-Medical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Chvanov M, Voronina S, Zhang X, Telnova S, Chard R, Ouyang Y, Armstrong J, Tanton H, Awais M, Latawiec D, Sutton R, Criddle DN, Tepikin AV. Knockout of the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Strongly Suppresses Stimulus-Metabolism Coupling in Pancreatic Acinar Cells but Does Not Reduce Severity of Experimental Acute Pancreatitis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061407. [PMID: 32516955 PMCID: PMC7349284 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a frequent disease that lacks specific drug treatment. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of acute pancreatitis is essential for the development of new therapeutics. Several inducers of acute pancreatitis trigger sustained Ca2+ increases in the cytosol and mitochondria of pancreatic acinar cells. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake that regulates bioenergetics and plays an important role in cell survival, damage and death. Aberrant Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial damage in pancreatic acinar cells have been implicated in the initiation of acute pancreatitis. The primary aim of this study was to assess the involvement of the MCU in experimental acute pancreatitis. We found that pancreatic acinar cells from MCU-/- mice display dramatically reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This is consistent with the drastic changes of stimulus-metabolism coupling, manifested by the reduction of mitochondrial NADH/FAD+ responses to cholecystokinin and in the decrease of cholecystokinin-stimulated oxygen consumption. However, in three experimental models of acute pancreatitis (induced by caerulein, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate or palmitoleic acid plus ethanol), MCU knockout failed to reduce the biochemical and histological changes characterizing the severity of local and systemic damage. A possible explanation of this surprising finding is the redundancy of damaging mechanisms activated by the inducers of acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.V.T.); Tel.: +44-(0)15-1794-5357 (M.C.); +44-(0)15-1794-5351 (A.V.T.)
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Svetlana Telnova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Robert Chard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Yulin Ouyang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Jane Armstrong
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Helen Tanton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (X.Z.); (J.A.); (M.A.); (D.L.); (R.S.)
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (S.V.); (S.T.); (R.C.); (Y.O.); (H.T.); (D.N.C)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.V.T.); Tel.: +44-(0)15-1794-5357 (M.C.); +44-(0)15-1794-5351 (A.V.T.)
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Armstrong JA, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Pancreatic Acinar Cell Preparation for Oxygen Consumption and Lactate Production Analysis. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3627. [PMID: 33659300 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a principal feature of acute pancreatitis (AP) although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. AP precipitants induce Ca2+-dependent formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs), leading to ATP depletion and necrosis. Evaluations of mitochondrial bioenergetics have mainly been performed in isolated PACs using confocal microscopy, with assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential, NADH/FAD+ and ATP levels, coupled with patch-clamp electrophysiology. These studies are technically demanding and time-consuming. Application of Seahorse flux analysis now allows detailed investigations of bioenergetics changes to be performed in cell populations using a multi-well plate-reader format; rates of oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) provide important information about cellular respiration and glycolysis, respectively. Parameters such as maximal respiration, ATP-linked capacity and proton leak can be derived from application of a respiratory function "stress" test that involves pharmacological manipulation of the electron transport chain. The use of Seahorse Flux analysis therefore provides a quick, and convenient means to measure detailed cellular bioenergetics and allows results to be coupled with other plate-reader based assays, providing a fuller understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of mitochondrial bioenergetics alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
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Ma X, Jin T, Han C, Shi N, Liang G, Wen Y, Yang J, Fu X, Lan T, Jiang K, Nunes QM, Chvanov M, Criddle DN, Philips AR, Deng L, Liu T, Windsor JA, Sutton R, Du D, Huang W, Xia Q. Aqueous extraction from dachengqi formula granules reduces the severity of mouse acute pancreatitis via inhibition of pancreatic pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112861. [PMID: 32315735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dachengqi decoction (DCQD) belongs to a family of purgative herbal formulas widely used in China for the treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP). AP is a prevalent digestive disease currently without an effective pharmacological intervention. Formula granules have become the preferred method for delivery of herbal formulation in China given its benefit of potency retention, dosing precision and ease of use. The efficacy of DCQD formula granules (DFGs) in experimental AP models has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To analyse and compare the differences in chemical composition of DFGs, with their aqueous extraction (AE) and chloroform extraction (CE) derivatives. To assess their efficacy on severity and targeted pancreatic pro-inflammatory signalling pathways in freshly isolated acinar cells and two models of experimental AP. MATERIAL AND METHODS UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to analyse chemical components of DFGs and their extractions. Freshly isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells were treated with taurolithocholic acid 3-sulphate disodium salt (TLCS, 500 μM) with or without DFGs, AE and CE. Apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathway activation was measured by caspase 3/7 (10 μl/mL) and propidium iodide (PI, 1 μM), respectively, using a fluorescent plate reader. Necrotic acinar cells were also counted by epifluorescence microscopy. Mice received either 7 intraperitoneal injections of caerulein (50 μg/kg) at hourly intervals or retrograde infusion of TLCS (3 mM, 50 μl) to induce AP (CER-AP and TLCS-AP, respectively). In CER-AP, mice received oral gavage of DFGs (2.1, 4.2 and 5.2 g/kg), AE (0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 g/kg) and CE (4, 9 and 17 mg/kg), or matched DFGs (1.8 g/kg) and AE (1 g/kg) for 3 times at 2-hourly intervals, or a single intraperitoneal injection of DCQD-related monomers rhein (20 mg/kg), narigeinine (25 mg/kg), and honokiol (5 mg/kg) begun at the 3rd injection of caerulein. In TLCS-AP, DFGs (4.2 g/kg) were given orally at 1, 3 and 5 h post-surgery. Disease severity and pancreatic pro-inflammatory markers were determined. RESULTS The main effective anthraquinones and their glycosides, flavonoids and their glycosides, polyphenols and lignans were found in the DFGs. A higher proportion of polar components including glycosides attached to anthraquinones, phenols and flavonoids was found in AE. Conversely, lower polar components containing methoxy substituted flavonoids and anthraquinones were more abundant in CE. DFGs were given at 4.2 g/kg, a consistent reduction in the pancreatic histopathology score and severity indices was observed in both CER-AP and TLCS-AP. In vitro, AE significantly reduced both apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathway activation, while CE increased TLCS-induced acinar cell necrosis. In vivo, AE at dose of 1.2 g/kg consistently reduced pancreatic histopathological scores and myeloperoxidase in the CER-AP that were associated with suppressed expression of pro-inflammatory meditator mRNAs and proteins. CE increased lung myeloperoxidase and failed to protect against CER-AP in all dosages. AE was demonstrated to be more effective than DFGs in reducing pancreatic histopathological scores and myeloperoxidase. CONCLUSIONS AE from DFGs alleviated the severity of mouse AP models via an inhibition of pancreatic pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. Efficacy of AE on experimental AP was more potent than its original DFGs and DCQD monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Chenxia Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ge Liang
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongjian Wen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand; Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Quentin M Nunes
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Philips
- Applied Surgery and Metabolism Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lihui Deng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - John A Windsor
- Surgical and Translational Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Du
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Morton JC, Armstrong JA, Sud A, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Altered Bioenergetics of Blood Cell Sub-Populations in Acute Pancreatitis Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122201. [PMID: 31847184 PMCID: PMC6947319 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a debilitating, sometimes fatal disease, marked by local injury and systemic inflammation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central feature of pancreatic damage in AP, however, its involvement in circulating blood cell subtypes is unknown. This study compared mitochondrial bioenergetics in circulating leukocytes from AP patients and healthy volunteers: 15 patients with mild to severe AP were compared to 10 healthy controls. Monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils were isolated using magnetic activated cell sorting and mitochondrial bioenergetics profiles of the cell populations determined using a Seahorse XF24 flux analyser. Rates of oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification (ECAR) under conditions of electron transport chain (ETC) inhibition (“stress” test) informed respiratory and glycolytic parameters, respectively. Phorbol ester stimulation was used to trigger the oxidative burst. Basal OCR in all blood cell subtypes was similar in AP patients and controls. However, maximal respiration and spare respiratory capacity of AP patient lymphocytes were decreased, indicating impairment of functional capacity. A diminished oxidative burst occurred in neutrophils from AP patients, compared to controls, whereas this was enhanced in both monocytes and lymphocytes. The data demonstrate important early alterations of bioenergetics in blood cell sub-populations from AP patients, which imply functional alterations linked to clinical disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Morton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Jane A. Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Ajay Sud
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.A.A.); (A.S.); (R.S.)
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (J.C.M.); (A.V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-151-794-5304; Fax: +44-151-794-5327
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK
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13
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Zhang X, Jin T, Shi N, Yao L, Yang X, Han C, Wen L, Du D, Szatmary P, Mukherjee R, Liu T, Xia Q, Criddle DN, Huang W, Chvanov M, Sutton R. Mechanisms of Pancreatic Injury Induced by Basic Amino Acids Differ Between L-Arginine, L-Ornithine, and L-Histidine. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1922. [PMID: 30697165 PMCID: PMC6341295 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic acinar cells require high rates of amino acid uptake for digestive enzyme synthesis, but excessive concentrations can trigger acute pancreatitis (AP) by mechanisms that are not well understood. We have used three basic natural amino acids L-arginine, L-ornithine, and L-histidine to determine mechanisms of amino acid-induced pancreatic injury and whether these are common to all three amino acids. Caffeine markedly inhibited necrotic cell death pathway activation in isolated pancreatic acinar cells induced by L-arginine, but not L-ornithine, whereas caffeine accelerated L-histidine-induced cell death. Both necroptosis inhibitors of RIPK1 and RIPK3 and a necroptosis activator/apoptosis inhibitor z-VAD increased cell death caused by L-histidine, but not L-arginine or L-ornithine. Cyclophilin D knock-out (Ppif-/-) significantly attenuated cell death induced by L-histidine, but not L-arginine, or L-ornithine. Allosteric modulators of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and G-protein coupled receptor class C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) had inhibitory effects on cell death induced by L-arginine but not L-ornithine or L-histidine. We developed a novel amino acid-induced AP murine model with high doses of L-histidine and confirmed AP severity was significantly reduced in Ppif-/- vs. wild type mice. In L-arginine-induced AP neither Ppif-/-, caffeine, or allosteric modulators of CaSR or GPRC6A reduced pancreatic damage, even though CaSR inhibition with NPS-2143 significantly reduced pancreatic and systemic injury in caerulein-induced AP. These findings demonstrate marked differences in the mechanisms of pancreatic injury induced by different basic amino acids and suggest the lack of effect of treatments on L-arginine-induced AP may be due to conversion to L-ornithine in the urea cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinmin Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenxia Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wen
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Du
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Szatmary
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Tanton H, Voronina S, Evans A, Armstrong J, Sutton R, Criddle DN, Haynes L, Schmid MC, Campbell F, Costello E, Tepikin AV. F 1F 0-ATP Synthase Inhibitory Factor 1 in the Normal Pancreas and in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Effects on Bioenergetics, Invasion and Proliferation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:833. [PMID: 30050450 PMCID: PMC6050379 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
F1F0-ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) inhibits the reverse mode of F1F0-ATP synthase, and therefore protects cellular ATP content at the expense of accelerated loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). There is considerable variability in IF1 expression and its influence on bioenergetics between different cell types. High levels of IF1 in a number of cancers have been linked to increased glycolysis, resistance to cell death, increased migration and proliferation. However, neither the expression nor role of IF1 in the normal pancreas or in pancreatic cancer has been characterized. In this study, we found that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients express higher levels of IF1 in cancerous cells than in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs). PDAC cell lines have a higher IF1 content and IF1/ATP synthase ratio than PACs. The observed differences are consistent with the ability of the respective cell types to maintain ΔΨm and ATP levels in conditions of chemical hypoxia. Acinar cells and PDAC cells preferentially express different IF1 isoforms. Both knockdown and knockout of IF1 in the PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line modified cellular bioenergetics and decreased migration, invasion and proliferation suggesting the putative importance of IF1 for PDAC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tanton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Evans
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Armstrong
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C. Schmid
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Campbell
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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15
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Chvanov M, De Faveri F, Moore D, Sherwood MW, Awais M, Voronina S, Sutton R, Criddle DN, Haynes L, Tepikin AV. Intracellular rupture, exocytosis and actin interaction of endocytic vacuoles in pancreatic acinar cells: initiating events in acute pancreatitis. J Physiol 2018; 596:2547-2564. [PMID: 29717784 PMCID: PMC6023832 DOI: 10.1113/jp275879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Giant trypsin‐containing endocytic vacuoles are formed in pancreatic acinar cells stimulated with inducers of acute pancreatitis. F‐actin envelops endocytic vacuoles and regulates their properties. Endocytic vacuoles can rupture and release their content into the cytosol of acinar cells. Endocytic vacuoles can fuse with the plasma membrane of acinar cells and exocytose their content.
Abstract Intrapancreatic activation of trypsinogen is an early event in and hallmark of the development of acute pancreatitis. Endocytic vacuoles, which form by disconnection and transport of large post‐exocytic structures, are the only resolvable sites of the trypsin activity in live pancreatic acinar cells. In the present study, we characterized the dynamics of endocytic vacuole formation induced by physiological and pathophysiological stimuli and visualized a prominent actin coat that completely or partially surrounded endocytic vacuoles. An inducer of acute pancreatitis taurolithocholic acid 3‐sulphate and supramaximal concentrations of cholecystokinin triggered the formation of giant (more than 2.5 μm in diameter) endocytic vacuoles. We discovered and characterized the intracellular rupture of endocytic vacuoles and the fusion of endocytic vacuoles with basal and apical regions of the plasma membrane. Experiments with specific protease inhibitors suggest that the rupture of endocytic vacuoles is probably not induced by trypsin or cathepsin B. Perivacuolar filamentous actin (observed on the surface of ∼30% of endocytic vacuoles) may play a stabilizing role by preventing rupture of the vacuoles and fusion of the vacuoles with the plasma membrane. The rupture and fusion of endocytic vacuoles allow trypsin to escape the confinement of a membrane‐limited organelle, gain access to intracellular and extracellular targets, and initiate autodigestion of the pancreas, comprising a crucial pathophysiological event. Giant trypsin‐containing endocytic vacuoles are formed in pancreatic acinar cells stimulated with inducers of acute pancreatitis. F‐actin envelops endocytic vacuoles and regulates their properties. Endocytic vacuoles can rupture and release their content into the cytosol of acinar cells. Endocytic vacuoles can fuse with the plasma membrane of acinar cells and exocytose their content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Francesca De Faveri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Danielle Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark W Sherwood
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lee Haynes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Du D, Yao L, Zhang R, Shi N, Shen Y, Yang X, Zhang X, Jin T, Liu T, Hu L, Xing Z, Criddle DN, Xia Q, Huang W, Sutton R. Protective effects of flavonoids from Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. on experimental acute pancreatitis via Nrf-2/ARE-mediated antioxidant pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 224:261-272. [PMID: 29870787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxidative stress is a prominent feature of clinical acute pancreatitis (AP). Coreopsis tinctoria has been used traditionally to treat pancreas disorders like diabetes mellitus in China and Portugal and its flavonoid-rich fraction contain the main phytochemicals that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effects of flavonoids isolated from C. tinctoria on experimental AP and explore the potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS LC-MS based online technique was used to analyse and isolate targeted flavonoids from C. tinctoria. Freshly isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells were treated with taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate (NaT, 5 mM) with or without flavonoids. Fluorescence microscopy and a plate reader were used to determine necrotic cell death pathway activation (propidium iodide), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (H2-DCFDA) and ATP depletion (luminescence) where appropriate. AP was induced by 7 repeated intraperitoneal caerulein injections (50 μg/kg) at hourly interval in mice or retrograde infusion of taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate disodium salt (TLCS; 5 mM, 50 μL) into the pancreatic duct in mice or infusion of NaT (3.5%, 1 mL/kg) in rats. A flavonoid was intraperitoneally administered at 0, 4, and 8 h after the first caerulein injection or post-operation. Disease severity, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were determined. RESULTS Total flavonoids extract and flavonoids 1-6 (C1-C6) exhibited different capacities in reducing necrotic cell death pathway activation with 0.5 mM C1, (2 R,3 R)-taxifolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, having the best effect. C1 also significantly reduced NaT-induced ROS production and ATP depletion. C1 at 12.5 mg/kg and 8.7 mg/kg (equivalent to 12.5 mg/kg for mice) significantly reduced histopathological, biochemical and immunological parameters in the caerulein-, TLCS- and NaT-induced AP models, respectively. C1 administration increased pancreatic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2-medicated haeme oxygenase-1 expression and elevated pancreatic antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. CONCLUSIONS Flavonoid C1 from C. tinctoria was protective in experimental AP and this effect may at least in part be attributed to its antioxidant effects by activation of Nrf2-mediated pathways. These results suggest the potential utilisation of C. tinctoria to treat AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinmin Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Study Group, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
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Armstrong JA, Cash NJ, Ouyang Y, Morton JC, Chvanov M, Latawiec D, Awais M, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Oxidative stress alters mitochondrial bioenergetics and modifies pancreatic cell death independently of cyclophilin D, resulting in an apoptosis-to-necrosis shift. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8032-8047. [PMID: 29626097 PMCID: PMC5971444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction lies at the core of acute pancreatitis (AP). Diverse AP stimuli induce Ca2+-dependent formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), a solute channel modulated by cyclophilin D (CypD), the formation of which causes ATP depletion and necrosis. Oxidative stress reportedly triggers MPTP formation and is elevated in clinical AP, but how reactive oxygen species influence cell death is unclear. Here, we assessed potential MPTP involvement in oxidant-induced effects on pancreatic acinar cell bioenergetics and fate. H2O2 application promoted acinar cell apoptosis at low concentrations (1-10 μm), whereas higher levels (0.5-1 mm) elicited rapid necrosis. H2O2 also decreased the mitochondrial NADH/FAD+ redox ratio and ΔΨm in a concentration-dependent manner (10 μm to 1 mm H2O2), with maximal effects at 500 μm H2O2 H2O2 decreased the basal O2 consumption rate of acinar cells, with no alteration of ATP turnover at <50 μm H2O2 However, higher H2O2 levels (≥50 μm) diminished spare respiratory capacity and ATP turnover, and bioenergetic collapse, ATP depletion, and cell death ensued. Menadione exerted detrimental bioenergetic effects similar to those of H2O2, which were inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Oxidant-induced bioenergetic changes, loss of ΔΨm, and cell death were not ameliorated by genetic deletion of CypD or by its acute inhibition with cyclosporine A. These results indicate that oxidative stress alters mitochondrial bioenergetics and modifies pancreatic acinar cell death. A shift from apoptosis to necrosis appears to be associated with decreased mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and ATP production, effects that are independent of CypD-sensitive MPTP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Armstrong
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole J Cash
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Yulin Ouyang
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Jack C Morton
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - David N Criddle
- Departments of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
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18
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Szatmary P, Liu T, Abrams ST, Voronina S, Wen L, Chvanov M, Huang W, Wang G, Criddle DN, Tepikin AV, Toh CH, Sutton R. Systemic histone release disrupts plasmalemma and contributes to necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2017; 17:884-892. [PMID: 29102149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental acute pancreatitis feature histone release within the pancreas from innate immune cells and acinar cell necrosis. In this study, we aimed to detail the source of circulating histones and assess their role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. METHODS Circulating nucleosomes were measured in patient plasma, taken within 24 and 48 h of onset of acute pancreatitis and correlated with clinical outcomes. Using caerulein hyperstimulation, circulating histones were measured in portal, systemic venous and systemic arterial circulation in mice, and the effects of systemic administration of histones in this model were assessed. The sites of actions of circulating histones were assessed by administration of FITC-labelled histones. The effects of histones on isolated pancreatic acinar cells were further assessed by measuring acinar cell death and calcium permeability in vitro. RESULTS Cell-free histones were confirmed to be abundant in human acute pancreatitis and found to derive from pancreatitis-associated liver injury in a rodent model of the disease. Fluorescein isothianate-labelled histones administered systemically targeted the pancreas and exacerbated injury in experimental acute pancreatitis. Histones induce charge- and concentration-dependent plasmalemma leakage and necrosis in isolated pancreatic acinar cells, independent of extracellular calcium. CONCLUSION We conclude that histones released systemically in acute pancreatitis concentrate within the inflamed pancreas and exacerbate injury. Circulating histones may provide meaningful biomarkers and targets for therapy in clinical acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Szatmary
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Tingting Liu
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Simon T Abrams
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Li Wen
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guozheng Wang
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Alexey V Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Cheng-Hock Toh
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK; Roald Dahl Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
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Huang W, Haynes AC, Mukherjee R, Wen L, Latawiec D, Tepikin AV, Criddle DN, Prinjha RK, Smithers N, Sutton R. Selective inhibition of BET proteins reduces pancreatic damage and systemic inflammation in bile acid- and fatty acid ethyl ester- but not caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2017. [PMID: 28648518 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the therapeutic potential of I-BET-762, an inhibitor of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein family, in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS AP was induced by retrograde infusion of taurolithocholic acid sulphate into the biliopancreatic duct (TLCS-AP) or 2 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of ethanol and palmitoleic acid 1 h apart (FAEE-AP) or 12 hourly i.p. injections of caerulein (CER-AP). In all treatment groups, I-BET-762 (30 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered at the time of disease induction and again 12 h later. AP severity was assessed at 24 h by serum biochemistry, multiple cytokines and histopathology. RESULTS TLCS-AP, FAEE-AP and CER-AP resulted in characteristic elevations in serum amylase and cytokine levels, increased pancreatic trypsin and myeloperoxidase activity, typical pancreatic histopathological changes and lung injury. Treatment with I-BET-762 significantly reduced biochemical, cytokine and histopathological responses in TLCS-AP and FAEE-AP, but not CER-AP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in different forms of AP there are significant differences in the epigenetic control of gene transcription contributing to the severity of disease responses. There is therapeutic potential in targeting bromodomains for the treatment of gallstone- and alcohol-related pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea C Haynes
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Nicholas Smithers
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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20
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Huang W, Cane MC, Mukherjee R, Szatmary P, Zhang X, Elliott V, Ouyang Y, Chvanov M, Latawiec D, Wen L, Booth DM, Haynes AC, Petersen OH, Tepikin AV, Criddle DN, Sutton R. Caffeine protects against experimental acute pancreatitis by inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ release. Gut 2017; 66:301-313. [PMID: 26642860 PMCID: PMC5284483 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caffeine reduces toxic Ca2+ signals in pancreatic acinar cells via inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated signalling, but effects of other xanthines have not been evaluated, nor effects of xanthines on experimental acute pancreatitis (AP). We have determined effects of caffeine and its xanthine metabolites on pancreatic acinar IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signalling and experimental AP. DESIGN Isolated pancreatic acinar cells were exposed to secretagogues, uncaged IP3 or toxins that induce AP and effects of xanthines, non-xanthine phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cAMP/cGMP) determined. The intracellular cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]C), mitochondrial depolarisation and necrosis were assessed by confocal microscopy. Effects of xanthines were evaluated in caerulein-induced AP (CER-AP), taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate-induced AP (TLCS-AP) or palmitoleic acid plus ethanol-induced AP (fatty acid ethyl ester AP (FAEE-AP)). Serum xanthines were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Caffeine, dimethylxanthines and non-xanthine PDE inhibitors blocked IP3-mediated Ca2+ oscillations, while monomethylxanthines had little effect. Caffeine and dimethylxanthines inhibited uncaged IP3-induced Ca2+ rises, toxin-induced Ca2+ release, mitochondrial depolarisation and necrotic cell death pathway activation; cAMP/cGMP did not inhibit toxin-induced Ca2+ rises. Caffeine significantly ameliorated CER-AP with most effect at 25 mg/kg (seven injections hourly); paraxanthine or theophylline did not. Caffeine at 25 mg/kg significantly ameliorated TLCS-AP and FAEE-AP. Mean total serum levels of dimethylxanthines and trimethylxanthines peaked at >2 mM with 25 mg/kg caffeine but at <100 µM with 25 mg/kg paraxanthine or theophylline. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites reduced pathological IP3R-mediated pancreatic acinar Ca2+ signals but only caffeine ameliorated experimental AP. Caffeine is a suitable starting point for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Matthew C Cane
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Szatmary
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Victoria Elliott
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yulin Ouyang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Diane Latawiec
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Li Wen
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - David M Booth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea C Haynes
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Fjeld K, Beer S, Johnstone M, Zimmer C, Mössner J, Ruffert C, Krehan M, Zapf C, Njølstad PR, Johansson S, Bugert P, Miyajima F, Liloglou T, Brown LJ, Winn SA, Davies K, Latawiec D, Gunson BK, Criddle DN, Pirmohamed M, Grützmann R, Michl P, Greenhalf W, Molven A, Sutton R, Rosendahl J. Length of Variable Numbers of Tandem Repeats in the Carboxyl Ester Lipase (CEL) Gene May Confer Susceptibility to Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis but Not Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165567. [PMID: 27802312 PMCID: PMC5089759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxyl-ester lipase (CEL) contributes to fatty acid ethyl ester metabolism, which is implicated in alcoholic pancreatitis. The CEL gene harbours a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region in exon 11. Variation in this VNTR has been linked to monogenic pancreatic disease, while conflicting results were reported for chronic pancreatitis (CP). Here, we aimed to investigate a potential association of CEL VNTR lengths with alcoholic CP. METHODS Overall, 395 alcoholic CP patients, 218 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) serving as controls with a comparable amount of alcohol consumed, and 327 healthy controls from Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) were analysed by determination of fragment lengths by capillary electrophoresis. Allele frequencies and genotypes of different VNTR categories were compared between the groups. RESULTS Twelve repeats were overrepresented in UK ACP patients (P = 0.04) compared to controls, whereas twelve repeats were enriched in German ALC compared to alcoholic CP patients (P = 0.03). Frequencies of CEL VNTR lengths of 14 and 15 repeats differed between German ALC patients and healthy controls (P = 0.03 and 0.008, respectively). However, in the genotype and pooled analysis of VNTR lengths no statistical significant association was depicted. Additionally, the 16-16 genotype as well as 16 repeats were more frequent in UK ALC than in alcoholic CP patients (P = 0.034 and 0.02, respectively). In all other calculations, including pooled German and UK data, allele frequencies and genotype distributions did not differ significantly between patients and controls or between alcoholic CP and ALC. CONCLUSIONS We did not obtain evidence that CEL VNTR lengths are associated with alcoholic CP. However, our results suggest that CEL VNTR lengths might associate with ALC, a finding that needs to be clarified in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne Fjeld
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sebastian Beer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Johnstone
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Constantin Zimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Ruffert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Mario Krehan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Zapf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabio Miyajima
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Brown
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Winn
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Davies
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Latawiec
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget K. Gunson
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - William Greenhalf
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anders Molven
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
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22
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Mukherjee R, Mareninova OA, Odinokova IV, Huang W, Murphy J, Chvanov M, Javed MA, Wen L, Booth DM, Cane MC, Awais M, Gavillet B, Pruss RM, Schaller S, Molkentin JD, Tepikin AV, Petersen OH, Pandol SJ, Gukovsky I, Criddle DN, Gukovskaya AS, Sutton R. Mechanism of mitochondrial permeability transition pore induction and damage in the pancreas: inhibition prevents acute pancreatitis by protecting production of ATP. Gut 2016; 65:1333-46. [PMID: 26071131 PMCID: PMC4920725 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute pancreatitis is caused by toxins that induce acinar cell calcium overload, zymogen activation, cytokine release and cell death, yet is without specific drug therapy. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated but the mechanism not established. DESIGN We investigated the mechanism of induction and consequences of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the pancreas using cell biological methods including confocal microscopy, patch clamp technology and multiple clinically representative disease models. Effects of genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the MPTP were examined in isolated murine and human pancreatic acinar cells, and in hyperstimulation, bile acid, alcoholic and choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented acute pancreatitis. RESULTS MPTP opening was mediated by toxin-induced inositol trisphosphate and ryanodine receptor calcium channel release, and resulted in diminished ATP production, leading to impaired calcium clearance, defective autophagy, zymogen activation, cytokine production, phosphoglycerate mutase 5 activation and necrosis, which was prevented by intracellular ATP supplementation. When MPTP opening was inhibited genetically or pharmacologically, all biochemical, immunological and histopathological responses of acute pancreatitis in all four models were reduced or abolished. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the mechanism and consequences of MPTP opening to be fundamental to multiple forms of acute pancreatitis and validates the MPTP as a drug target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mukherjee
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Olga A Mareninova
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles and Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Irina V Odinokova
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles and Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Wei Huang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - John Murphy
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Muhammad A Javed
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Li Wen
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David M Booth
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew C Cane
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Muhammad Awais
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bruno Gavillet
- Debiopharm Research and Manufacturing S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles and Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ilya Gukovsky
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles and Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David N Criddle
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anna S Gukovskaya
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California Los Angeles and Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases and Cirrhosis, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Criddle DN. Reactive oxygen species, Ca(2+) stores and acute pancreatitis; a step closer to therapy? Cell Calcium 2016; 60:180-9. [PMID: 27229361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis can lead to severe damage of the pancreas, resulting in premature activation of digestive enzymes, vacuolisation and necrotic cell death, features typical of acute pancreatitis (AP). Therefore a fine balance between Ca(2+) release from internal stores, Ca(2+) entry and extrusion mechanisms is necessary to avoid injury. Precipitants of AP induce Ca(2+) overload of the pancreatic acinar cell that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, via formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), loss of ATP production and consequent necrosis. Oxidative stress has been shown to occur in the development of AP and may modify Ca(2+) signalling events in the acinar cell. However, the precise pathophysiological involvement is currently unclear and antioxidant therapy in the clinic has largely proved ineffective. Possible reasons for this are discussed, including evidence that ROS generation may determine cell death patterns. In contrast, recent evidence has indicated the potential for AP therapy via the prevention of Ca(2+)-dependent mitochondrial damage. Multiple approaches are indicated from preclinical findings; 1) inhibition of Ca(2+) release by IP3R blockade, 2) inhibition of Ca(2+) entry through Orai1 blockade and 3) prevention of MPTP formation. Clinical trials of drugs which prevent mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Ca(2+) overload of pancreatic acinar cells are imminent and may provide patient benefit for a disease that currently lacks specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
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24
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Shore ER, Awais M, Kershaw NM, Gibson RR, Pandalaneni S, Latawiec D, Wen L, Javed MA, Criddle DN, Berry N, O'Neill PM, Lian LY, Sutton R. Small Molecule Inhibitors of Cyclophilin D To Protect Mitochondrial Function as a Potential Treatment for Acute Pancreatitis. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2596-611. [PMID: 26950392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) causes mitochondrial dysfunction and necrosis in acute pancreatitis (AP), a condition without specific drug treatment. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix peptidyl-prolyl isomerase that regulates the MPTP and is a drug target for AP. We have synthesized urea-based small molecule inhibitors of cyclophilins and tested them against CypD using binding and isomerase activity assays. Thermodynamic profiles of the CypD/inhibitor interactions were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry. Seven new high-resolution crystal structures of CypD-inhibitor complexes were obtained to guide compound optimization. Compounds 4, 13, 14, and 19 were tested in freshly isolated murine pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) to determine inhibition of toxin-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and necrotic cell death pathway activation. Compound 19 was found to have a Kd of 410 nM and a favorable thermodynamic profile, and it showed significant protection of ΔΨm and reduced necrosis of murine as well as human PACs. Compound 19 holds significant promise for future lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Shore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Awais
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Neil M Kershaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert R Gibson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Sravan Pandalaneni
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Latawiec
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Li Wen
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad A Javed
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - David N Criddle
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool , Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital , Daulby Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, United Kingdom
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25
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Wen L, Voronina S, Javed MA, Awais M, Szatmary P, Latawiec D, Chvanov M, Collier D, Huang W, Barrett J, Begg M, Stauderman K, Roos J, Grigoryev S, Ramos S, Rogers E, Whitten J, Velicelebi G, Dunn M, Tepikin AV, Criddle DN, Sutton R. Inhibitors of ORAI1 Prevent Cytosolic Calcium-Associated Injury of Human Pancreatic Acinar Cells and Acute Pancreatitis in 3 Mouse Models. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:481-92.e7. [PMID: 25917787 PMCID: PMC4556985 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sustained activation of the cytosolic calcium concentration induces injury to pancreatic acinar cells and necrosis. The calcium release-activated calcium modulator ORAI1 is the most abundant Ca(2+) entry channel in pancreatic acinar cells; it sustains calcium overload in mice exposed to toxins that induce pancreatitis. We investigated the roles of ORAI1 in pancreatic acinar cell injury and the development of acute pancreatitis in mice. METHODS Mouse and human acinar cells, as well as HEK 293 cells transfected to express human ORAI1 with human stromal interaction molecule 1, were hyperstimulated or incubated with human bile acid, thapsigargin, or cyclopiazonic acid to induce calcium entry. GSK-7975A or CM_128 were added to some cells, which were analyzed by confocal and video microscopy and patch clamp recordings. Acute pancreatitis was induced in C57BL/6J mice by ductal injection of taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate or intravenous' administration of cerulein or ethanol and palmitoleic acid. Some mice then were given GSK-7975A or CM_128, which inhibit ORAI1, at different time points to assess local and systemic effects. RESULTS GSK-7975A and CM_128 each separately inhibited toxin-induced activation of ORAI1 and/or activation of Ca(2+) currents after Ca(2+) release, in a concentration-dependent manner, in mouse and human pancreatic acinar cells (inhibition >90% of the levels observed in control cells). The ORAI1 inhibitors also prevented activation of the necrotic cell death pathway in mouse and human pancreatic acinar cells. GSK-7975A and CM_128 each inhibited all local and systemic features of acute pancreatitis in all 3 models, in dose- and time-dependent manners. The agents were significantly more effective, in a range of parameters, when given at 1 vs 6 hours after induction of pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Cytosolic calcium overload, mediated via ORAI1, contributes to the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. ORAI1 inhibitors might be developed for the treatment of patients with pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad A Javed
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Szatmary
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David Collier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Huang
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Barrett
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Begg
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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26
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Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a major trigger for severe acute pancreatitis which may lead to multi-organ dysfunction and premature death of the individual. Hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for both acute and chronic pancreatitis and the role of fatty acids in mediating damage has received increasing attention in recent years. In the pancreas ethanol is metabolised by both oxidative and non-oxidative pathways. The latter, predominant route generates fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) from fatty acid substrates via the action of diverse enzymes called FAEE synthases, including carboxylester lipase an enzyme synthesized and secreted by the acinar cells. Inhibition of the oxidative pathway promotes formation of FAEEs which induce sustained elevations of cytosolic calcium leading to inhibition of mitochondrial function, loss of ATP and necrosis of isolated pancreatic acinar cells. Furthermore, FAEEs undergo hydrolysis in the mitochondria releasing free fatty acids that exert toxic effects. Our recent work has shown that pharmacological inhibition of carboxylester lipase ameliorated detrimental effects of non-oxidative ethanol metabolism in isolated pancreatic acinar cells in vitro and in a new in vivo experimental model of alcoholic acute pancreatitis, revealing a specific enzyme target for ethanol-induced injury. Strategies that prevent FAEE synthesis, protect mitochondria, reduce calcium overload or sustain calcium homeostasis by ATP provision may provide promising therapeutic avenues for the treatment of alcoholic acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology & NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK.
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27
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Huang W, Cash N, Wen L, Szatmary P, Mukherjee R, Armstrong J, Chvanov M, Tepikin AV, Murphy MP, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone in murine acute pancreatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:901780. [PMID: 25878403 PMCID: PMC4386569 DOI: 10.1155/2015/901780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the development of acute pancreatitis (AP), antioxidant therapy in patients has so far been discouraging. The aim of this study was to assess potential protective effects of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ, in experimental AP using in vitro and in vivo approaches. MitoQ blocked H2O2-induced intracellular ROS responses in murine pancreatic acinar cells, an action not shared by the control analogue dTPP. MitoQ did not reduce mitochondrial depolarisation induced by either cholecystokinin (CCK) or bile acid TLCS, and at 10 µM caused depolarisation per se. Both MitoQ and dTPP increased basal and CCK-induced cell death in a plate-reader assay. In a TLCS-induced AP model MitoQ treatment was not protective. In AP induced by caerulein hyperstimulation (CER-AP), MitoQ exerted mixed effects. Thus, partial amelioration of histopathology scores was observed, actions shared by dTPP, but without reduction of the biochemical markers pancreatic trypsin or serum amylase. Interestingly, lung myeloperoxidase and interleukin-6 were concurrently increased by MitoQ in CER-AP. MitoQ caused biphasic effects on ROS production in isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, inhibiting an acute increase but elevating later levels. Our results suggest that MitoQ would be inappropriate for AP therapy, consistent with prior antioxidant evaluations in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Nicole Cash
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Li Wen
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Peter Szatmary
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Jane Armstrong
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
| | - David N. Criddle
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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28
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Chvanov M, Huang W, Jin T, Wen L, Armstrong J, Elliot V, Alston B, Burdyga A, Criddle DN, Sutton R, Tepikin AV. Novel lipophilic probe for detecting near-membrane reactive oxygen species responses and its application for studies of pancreatic acinar cells: effects of pyocyanin and L-ornithine. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:451-64. [PMID: 24635199 PMCID: PMC4323130 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to develop a fluorescent reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe, which is preferentially localized in cellular membranes and displays a strong change in fluorescence upon oxidation. We also aimed to test the performance of this probe for detecting pathophysiologically relevant ROS responses in isolated cells. RESULTS We introduced a novel lipophilic ROS probe dihydrorhodamine B octadecyl ester (H2RB-C18). We then applied the new probe to characterize the ROS changes triggered by inducers of acute pancreatitis in pancreatic acinar cells. We resolved ROS changes produced by L-ornithine, L-arginine, cholecystokinin-8, acetylcholine, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate, palmitoleic acid ethyl ester, and the bacterial toxin pyocyanin. Particularly prominent ROS responses were induced by pyocyanin and L-ornithine. These ROS responses were accompanied by changes in cytosolic Ca(2+)concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), and NAD(P)H concentration. INNOVATION The study describes a novel sensitive lipophilic ROS probe. The probe is particularly suitable for detecting ROS in near-membrane regions and therefore for reporting the ROS environment of plasma membrane channels and pumps. CONCLUSIONS In our experimental conditions, the novel probe was more sensitive than 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (CM-H2DCF) and dihydrorhodamine123 (H2R123) and allowed us to resolve ROS responses to secretagogues, pyocyanin, and L-ornithine. Changes in the fluorescence of the new probe were particularly prominent in the peripheral plasma membrane-associated regions. Our findings suggest that the new probe will be a useful tool in studies of the contribution of ROS to the pathophysiology of exocrine pancreas and other organs/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chvanov
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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29
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Huang W, Booth DM, Cane MC, Chvanov M, Javed MA, Elliott VL, Armstrong JA, Dingsdale H, Cash N, Li Y, Greenhalf W, Mukherjee R, Kaphalia BS, Jaffar M, Petersen OH, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Fatty acid ethyl ester synthase inhibition ameliorates ethanol-induced Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and acute pancreatitis. Gut 2014; 63:1313-24. [PMID: 24162590 PMCID: PMC4112447 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-oxidative metabolism of ethanol (NOME) produces fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) via carboxylester lipase (CEL) and other enzyme action implicated in mitochondrial injury and acute pancreatitis (AP). This study investigated the relative importance of oxidative and non-oxidative pathways in mitochondrial dysfunction, pancreatic damage and development of alcoholic AP, and whether deleterious effects of NOME are preventable. DESIGN Intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](C)), NAD(P)H, mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of apoptotic and necrotic cell death pathways were examined in isolated pancreatic acinar cells in response to ethanol and/or palmitoleic acid (POA) in the presence or absence of 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) to inhibit oxidative metabolism. A novel in vivo model of alcoholic AP induced by intraperitoneal administration of ethanol and POA was developed to assess the effects of manipulating alcohol metabolism. RESULTS Inhibition of OME with 4-MP converted predominantly transient [Ca(2+)](C) rises induced by low ethanol/POA combination to sustained elevations, with concurrent mitochondrial depolarisation, fall of NAD(P)H and cellular necrosis in vitro. All effects were prevented by 3-benzyl-6-chloro-2-pyrone (3-BCP), a CEL inhibitor. 3-BCP also significantly inhibited rises of pancreatic FAEE in vivo and ameliorated acute pancreatic damage and inflammation induced by administration of ethanol and POA to mice. CONCLUSIONS A combination of low ethanol and fatty acid that did not exert deleterious effects per se became toxic when oxidative metabolism was inhibited. The in vitro and in vivo damage was markedly inhibited by blockade of CEL, indicating the potential for development of specific therapy for treatment of alcoholic AP via inhibition of FAEE generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - David M Booth
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Matthew C Cane
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Muhammad A Javed
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Victoria L Elliott
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Jane A Armstrong
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Hayley Dingsdale
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Nicole Cash
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Yan Li
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Bhupendra S Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ole H Petersen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK,NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
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Macpherson T, Armstrong JA, Criddle DN, Wright KL. Physiological intestinal oxygen modulates the Caco-2 cell model and increases sensitivity to the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:417-26. [PMID: 24464350 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Caco-2 cell model is widely used as a model of colon cancer and small intestinal epithelium but, like most cell models, is cultured in atmospheric oxygen conditions (∼21%). This does not reflect the physiological oxygen range found in the colon. In this study, we investigated the effect of adapting the Caco-2 cell line to routine culturing in a physiological oxygen (5%) environment. Under these conditions, cells maintain a number of key characteristics of the Caco-2 model, such as increased formation of tight junctions and alkaline phosphatase expression over the differentiation period and maintenance of barrier function. However, these cells exhibit differential oxidative metabolism, proliferate less and become larger during differentiation. In addition, these cells were more sensitive to cannabidiol-induced antiproliferative actions through changes in cellular energetics: from a drop of oxygen consumption rate and loss of mitochondrial membrane integrity in cells treated under atmospheric conditions to an increase in reactive oxygen species in intact mitochondria in cells treated under low-oxygen conditions. Inclusion of an additional physiological parameter, sodium butyrate, into the medium revealed a cannabidiol-induced proliferative response at low doses. These effects could impact on its development as an anticancer therapeutic, but overall, the data supports the principle that culturing cells in microenvironments that more closely mimic the in vivo conditions is important for drug screening and mechanism of action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Macpherson
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK
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Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, a severe and debilitating inflammation of the pancreas that carries a significant mortality, and which imposes a considerable financial burden on the health system due to patient care. Although extensive efforts have been directed towards the elucidation of critical underlying mechanisms and the identification of novel therapeutic targets, the disease remains without a specific therapy. In experimental animal models of acute pancreatitis, increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant defences have been observed, changes also detected in patients clinically. However, despite the promise of studies evaluating the effects of antioxidants in these model systems, translation to the clinic has thus far been disappointing. This may reflect many factors involved in the design of both preclinical and clinical evaluations of antioxidant therapy, not least the fact that most experimental studies have focussed on pre-treatment rather than post-injury assessment. This review has examined evidence relating to the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis, focussing on experimental models and the clinical experience, including the experimental techniques employed and potential of antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Armstrong
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT , Liverpool , UK
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Pires AF, Madeira SVF, Soares PMG, Montenegro CM, Souza EP, Resende AC, Soares de Moura R, Assreuy AMS, Criddle DN. The role of endothelium in the vasorelaxant effects of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum in aorta and mesenteric vascular bed of rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1380-5. [PMID: 22716233 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOOG) in aortas and mesenteric vascular beds isolated from rats. EOOG (3-300 µg/mL) relaxed the tonic contractions induced by phenylephrine (0.1 µmol/L) in isolated aortas in a concentration-dependent manner in both endothelium-containing and endothelium-denuded preparations. This effect was partially reversed by L-NAME (100 µmol/L) but not by indomethacin (10 µmol/L) or TEA (5 mmol/L). In mesenteric vascular beds, bolus injections of EOOG (30, 50, 100, and 300 ng) decreased the perfusion pressure induced by noradrenaline (6 µmol/L) in endothelium-intact preparations but not in those treated with deoxycholate. L-NAME (300 µmol/L) but not TEA (1 mmol/L) or indomethacin (3 µmol/L) significantly reduced the vasodilatory response to EOOG at all of the doses tested. Our data showed that EOOG exerts a dose-dependent vasodilatory response in the resistance blood vessels of rat mesenteric vascular beds and in the capacitance blood vessel, the rat aorta. This action is completely dependent on endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release in the mesenteric vascular beds but only partially dependent on NO in the aorta. These novel effects of EOOG highlight interesting differences between resistance and capacitance blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana F Pires
- Laboratório de Fisio-Farmacologia da Inflamação - LAFFIN, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Av. Paranjana 1700, 60740-000, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil
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33
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a debilitating and, at times, lethal inflammatory disease, the causes and progression of which are incompletely understood. Disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis in response to precipitants of AP leads to loss of mitochondrial integrity and cellular necrosis. RECENT ADVANCES While oxidative stress has been implicated as a major player in the pathogenesis of this disease, its precise roles remain to be defined. Recent developments are challenging the perception of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as nonspecific cytotoxic agents, suggesting that ROS promote apoptosis that may play a vital protective role in cellular stress since necrosis is avoided. CRITICAL ISSUES Fresh clinical findings have indicated that antioxidant treatment does not ameliorate AP and may actually worsen the outcome. This review explores the complex links between cellular Ca(2+) signaling and the intracellular redox environment, with particular relevance to AP. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Recent publications have underlined the importance of both Ca(2+) and ROS within the pathogenesis of AP, particularly in the determination of cell fate. Future research should elucidate the subtle interplay between Ca(2+) and redox mechanisms that operate to modulate mitochondrial function, with a view to devising strategies for the preservation of organellar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Booth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Booth DM, Murphy JA, Mukherjee R, Awais M, Neoptolemos JP, Gerasimenko OV, Tepikin AV, Petersen OH, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Reactive oxygen species induced by bile acid induce apoptosis and protect against necrosis in pancreatic acinar cells. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:2116-25. [PMID: 21354148 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, but clinical trials of antioxidants have produced conflicting results. We examined the role of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pancreatic acinar cell injury. METHODS Freshly isolated murine and human pancreatic acinar cells were studied using confocal microscopy to measure changes in intracellular and mitochondrial ROS concentrations ([ROS]I and [ROS]M), cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]C and [Ca2+]M), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate levels, and death pathways in response to taurolithocholate acid sulfate (TLC-S) or the oxidant menadione. Ca2+-activated Cl- currents were measured using whole-cell patch clamp, with or without adenosine triphosphate (ATP). RESULTS TLC-S induced prolonged increases in [Ca2+]C and [Ca2+]M, which led to dose-dependent increases in [ROS]I and [ROS]M, impaired production of ATP, apoptosis, and necrosis. Inhibition of the antioxidant reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinine oxidoreductase by 2,4-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene potentiated the increases in [ROS]I and apoptosis but reduced necrosis, whereas the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduced [ROS]I and apoptosis but increased necrosis. Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS production prevented apoptosis but did not alter necrosis; autophagy had no detectable role. Patched ATP prevented sustained increases in [Ca2+]C and necrosis. CONCLUSIONS Increases in [ROS]M and [ROS]I during bile acid injury of pancreatic acinar cells promote apoptosis but not necrosis. These results indicate that alternative strategies to antioxidants are required for oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Booth
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, National Institute for Health Research Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool
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Criddle DN, Booth DM, Mukherjee R, McLaughlin E, Green GM, Sutton R, Petersen OH, Reeve JR. Cholecystokinin-58 and cholecystokinin-8 exhibit similar actions on calcium signaling, zymogen secretion, and cell fate in murine pancreatic acinar cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297:G1085-92. [PMID: 19815626 PMCID: PMC2850092 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00119.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal hormone CCK exists in various molecular forms, with differences in bioactivity between the well-characterized CCK-8 and larger CCK-58 previously reported. We have compared the effects of these peptides on cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)), mitochondrial metabolism, enzyme secretion, and cell fate in murine isolated pancreatic acinar cells using fluorescence confocal microscopy and patch-clamp electrophysiology. CCK-58 (1-10 pM) induced transient, oscillatory increases of [Ca(2+)](c), which showed apical to basolateral progression and were associated with a rise of mitochondrial NAD(P)H. CCK-58 (10 pM) induced zymogen exocytosis in isolated cells and amylase secretion from isolated cells and whole tissues. Hyperstimulation with supraphysiological CCK-58 (5 nM) induced a single large increase of [Ca(2+)](c) that declined to a plateau, which remained above the basal level 20 min after application and was dependent on external Ca(2+) entry. In cells dispersed from the same tissues, CCK-8 induced similar patterns of responses to those of CCK-58, with oscillatory increases of [Ca(2+)](c) at lower (pM) concentrations and sustained responses at 5 nM. CCK-58 and CCK-8 exhibited similar profiles of action on cell death, with increases in necrosis at high CCK-58 and CCK-8 (10 nM) that were not significantly different between peptides. The present experiments indicate that CCK-8 and CCK-58 have essentially identical actions on the acinar cell at high and low agonist concentrations, suggesting an action via the same receptor and that the differences observed in an intact rat model may result from indirect effects of the peptides. Our data strengthen the argument that CCK-58 is an important physiological form of this gastrointestinal hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- 2Liverpool National Institute of Health Research Pancreatic Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom;
| | - Euan McLaughlin
- 2Liverpool National Institute of Health Research Pancreatic Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom;
| | - Gary M. Green
- 3University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas;
| | - Robert Sutton
- 2Liverpool National Institute of Health Research Pancreatic Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom;
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Petersen OH, Tepikin AV, Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Fatty acids, alcohol and fatty acid ethyl esters: toxic Ca2+ signal generation and pancreatitis. Cell Calcium 2009; 45:634-42. [PMID: 19327825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis, a potentially fatal disease in which the pancreas digests itself as well as its surroundings, is a well recognized complication of hyperlipidemia. Fatty acids have toxic effects on pancreatic acinar cells and these are mediated by large sustained elevations of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. An important component of the effect of fatty acids is due to inhibition of mitochondrial function and subsequent ATP depletion, which reduces the operation of Ca(2+)-activated ATPases in both the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. One of the main causes of pancreatitis is alcohol abuse. Whereas the effects of even high alcohol concentrations on isolated pancreatic acinar cells are variable and often small, fatty acid ethyl esters--synthesized by combination of alcohol and fatty acids--consistently evoke major Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores, subsequently opening Ca(2+) entry channels in the plasma membrane. The crucial trigger for pancreatic autodigestion is intracellular trypsin activation. Although there is still uncertainty about the exact molecular mechanism by which this Ca(2+)-dependent process occurs, progress has been made in identifying a subcellular compartment--namely acid post-exocytotic endocytic vacuoles--in which this activation takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- O H Petersen
- MRC Secretory Control Research Group, Physiological Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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37
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Bittencourt JAF, Tano T, Gajar SA, Resende ÂC, de Lemos Neto M, Damião R, Criddle DN, Freitas de Bem G, Soares de Moura R. Relaxant Effects of Sildenafil on the Human Isolated Bladder Neck. Urology 2009; 73:427-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ognibene DT, Oliveira PRB, Marins de Carvalho LCR, Costa CA, Espinoza LA, Criddle DN, Tano T, Soares de Moura R, Resende AC. ANGIOTENSIN II-MEDIATED VASODILATION IS REDUCED IN ADULT SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS DESPITE ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF AT2RECEPTORS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:12-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Murphy JA, Criddle DN, Sherwood M, Chvanov M, Mukherjee R, McLaughlin E, Booth D, Gerasimenko JV, Raraty MGT, Ghaneh P, Neoptolemos JP, Gerasimenko OV, Tepikin AV, Green GM, Reeve JR, Petersen OH, Sutton R. Direct activation of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and enzyme secretion by cholecystokinin in human pancreatic acinar cells. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:632-41. [PMID: 18555802 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholecystokinin (CCK) has been thought to act only indirectly on human pancreatic acinar cells via vagal nerve stimulation, rather than by direct CCK receptor activation as on rodent pancreatic acinar cells. We tested whether CCK (CCK-8 and human CCK-58) can act directly on human pancreatic acinar cells. METHODS Human acinar cells were freshly isolated from pancreatic transection line samples, loaded with Fluo4-AM or quinacrine, and examined for Ca(2+), metabolic and secretory responses to CCK-8, human CCK-58, or acetylcholine with confocal microscopy. RESULTS CCK-8 and human CCK-58 at physiologic concentrations (1-20 pmol/L) elicited rapid, robust, oscillatory increases of the cytosolic Ca(2+) ion concentration, showing apical to basal progression, in acinar cells from 14 patients with unobstructed pancreata. The cytosolic Ca(2+) ion concentration increases were followed by increases in mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production and secretion. CCK-elicited Ca(2+) signals and exocytosis were not inhibited by atropine (1 mumol/L) or tetrodotoxin (100 nmol/L), showing that CCK was unlikely to have acted via neurotransmitter release. CCK-elicited Ca(2+) signals were inhibited reversibly by caffeine (5-20 mmol/L), indicating involvement of intracellular inositol trisphosphate receptor Ca(2+) release channels. Acetylcholine (50 nmol/L) elicited similar Ca(2+) signals. CONCLUSIONS CCK at physiologic concentrations in the presence of atropine and tetrodotoxin elicits cytosolic Ca(2+) signaling, activates mitochondrial function, and stimulates enzyme secretion in isolated human pancreatic acinar cells. We conclude that CCK acts directly on acinar cells in the human pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Murphy
- Physiological Laboratory, Medical Research Council Secretory Control Research Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Gajar SA, Tano T, Resende ÂC, Bitencourt JAF, de Lemos Neto M, Damião R, Criddle DN, Soares de Moura R. Inhibitory effect of sildenafil on the human isolated seminal vesicle. BJU Int 2007; 100:1322-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an increasingly common and sometimes severe disease for which there is little specific therapy. Chronic pancreatitis is a common and grossly debilitating sequel that is largely irreversible, whatever treatment is adopted. In the face of these burdens, the absence of specific treatments is a spur to research. The acinar cell is the primary target of injury from alcohol metabolites, bile, hyperlipidaemia, hyperstimulation and other causes. These induce abnormal, prolonged, global, cytosolic calcium signals, the prevention of which also prevents premature digestive enzyme activation, cytokine expression, vacuole formation and acinar cell necrosis. Such agents increase calcium entry through the plasma membrane and/or increase calcium release from intracellular stores, shown to result from effects on calcium channels and calcium pumps, or their energy supply. A multitude of signalling mechanisms are activated, diverted or disrupted, including secretory mechanisms, lysosomal regulators, inflammatory mediators, cell survival and cell death pathways, together with or separately from calcium. While recent discoveries have increased insight and suggest prophylaxis or treatment targets, more work is required to define the mechanisms and interactions of cell signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- MRC Group, Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Soares PMG, Lima RF, de Freitas Pires A, Souza EP, Assreuy AMS, Criddle DN. Effects of anethole and structural analogues on the contractility of rat isolated aorta: Involvement of voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels. Life Sci 2007; 81:1085-93. [PMID: 17869309 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 08/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Anethole is a naturally occurring aromatic oxidant, present in a variety of medicinal plant extracts, which is commonly used by the food and beverage industry. Despite its widespread occurrence and commercial use, there is currently little information regarding effects of this compound on the vasculature. Therefore the actions of anethole on the contractility of rat isolated aorta were compared with those of eugenol, and their respective isomeric forms, estragole and isoeugenol. In aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE; 1 microM), anethole (10(-6) M-10(-4) M) induced contraction in preparations possessing an intact endothelium, but not in endothelium-denuded tissues. At higher concentrations (10(-3) M-10(-2) M), anethole-induced concentration-dependent and complete relaxation of all precontracted preparations, irrespective of whether the endothelium was intact or not, an action shared by eugenol, estragole and isoeugenol. The contractile and relaxant effects of anethole in PE-precontracted preparations were not altered by L-NAME (10 microM) or indomethacin (10 microM), indicating that neither nitric oxide nor prostaglandins were involved in these actions. The mixed profile of effects was not confined to PE-mediated contraction, since similar responses were obtained to anethole when tissues were precontracted with 25 mM KCl. Anethole and estragole (10(-6)-10(-4) M), but not eugenol or isoeugenol, increased the basal tonus of endothelium-denuded aortic rings, an action that was abolished by VDCC blockers nifedipine (1 microM) and diltiazem (1 microM), or by withdrawal of extracellular Ca(2+). Our data suggest complex effects of anethole on isolated blood vessels, inducing contraction at lower doses, mediated via opening of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channels, and relaxant effects at higher concentrations that are shared by structural analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marcos G Soares
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, ISCB-CCS, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, 60740-000, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil
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Baumgartner HK, Gerasimenko JV, Thorne C, Ashurst LH, Barrow SL, Chvanov MA, Gillies S, Criddle DN, Tepikin AV, Petersen OH, Sutton R, Watson AJM, Gerasimenko OV. Caspase-8-mediated apoptosis induced by oxidative stress is independent of the intrinsic pathway and dependent on cathepsins. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G296-307. [PMID: 17431216 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00103.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell-death programs executed in the pancreas under pathological conditions remain largely undetermined, although the severity of experimental pancreatitis has been found to depend on the ratio of apoptosis to necrosis. We have defined mechanisms by which apoptosis is induced in pancreatic acinar cells by the oxidant stressor menadione. Real-time monitoring of initiator caspase activity showed that caspase-9 (66% of cells) and caspase-8 (15% of cells) were activated within 30 min of menadione administration, but no activation of caspase-2, -10, or -12 was detected. Interestingly, when caspase-9 activation was inhibited, activation of caspase-8 was increased. Half-maximum activation (t(0.5)) of caspase-9 occurred within approximately 2 min and was identified at or in close proximity to mitochondria, whereas t(0.5) for caspase-8 occurred within approximately 26 min of menadione application and was distributed homogeneously throughout cells. Caspase-9 but not caspase-8 activation was blocked completely by the calcium chelator BAPTA or bongkrekic acid, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. In contrast, caspase-8 but not caspase-9 activation was blocked by the destruction of lysosomes (preincubation with Gly-Phe beta-naphthylamide, a cathepsin C substrate), loss of lysosomal acidity (bafilomycin A1), or inhibition of cathepsin L or D. Using pepstatin A-BODIPY FL conjugate, we confirmed translocation of cathepsin D out of lysosomes in response to menadione. We conclude that the oxidative stressor menadione induces two independent apoptotic pathways within pancreatic acinar cells: the classical mitochondrial calcium-dependent pathway that is initiated rapidly in the majority of cells, and a slower, caspase-8-mediated pathway that depends on the lysosomal activities of cathepsins and is used when the caspase-9 pathway is disabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi K Baumgartner
- The Physiological Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences, Liverpool University, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
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Criddle DN, Gerasimenko JV, Baumgartner HK, Jaffar M, Voronina S, Sutton R, Petersen OH, Gerasimenko OV. Calcium signalling and pancreatic cell death: apoptosis or necrosis? Cell Death Differ 2007; 14:1285-94. [PMID: 17431416 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretagogues, such as cholecystokinin and acetylcholine, utilise a variety of second messengers (inositol trisphosphate, cADPR and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) to induce specific oscillatory patterns of calcium (Ca(2+)) signals in pancreatic acinar cells. These are tightly controlled in a spatiotemporal manner, and are coupled to mitochondrial metabolism necessary to fuel secretion. When Ca(2+) homeostasis is disrupted by known precipitants of acute pancreatitis, for example, hyperstimulation or non-oxidative ethanol metabolites, Ca(2+) stores (endoplasmic reticulum and acidic pool) become depleted and sustained cytosolic [Ca(2+)] elevations replace transient signals, leading to severe consequences. Sustained mitochondrial depolarisation, possibly via opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), elicits cellular ATP depletion that paralyses energy-dependent Ca(2+) pumps causing cytosolic Ca(2+) overload, while digestive enzymes are activated prematurely within the cell; Ca(2+)-dependent cellular necrosis ensues. However, when stress to the acinar cell is milder, for example, by application of the oxidant menadione, release of Ca(2+) from stores leads to oscillatory global waves, associated with partial mitochondrial depolarisation and transient MPTP opening; apoptotic cell death is promoted via the intrinsic pathway, when associated with generation of reactive oxygen species. Apoptosis, induced by menadione or bile acids, is potentiated by inhibition of an endogenous detoxifying enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), suggesting its importance as a defence mechanism that may influence cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Criddle
- MRC Secretory Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
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Criddle DN, Gillies S, Baumgartner-Wilson HK, Jaffar M, Chinje EC, Passmore S, Chvanov M, Barrow S, Gerasimenko OV, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Petersen OH. Menadione-induced reactive oxygen species generation via redox cycling promotes apoptosis of murine pancreatic acinar cells. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:40485-92. [PMID: 17088248 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m607704200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be an important determinant of the severity of acute pancreatitis. One-electron reduction of oxidants generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) via redox cycling, whereas two-electron detoxification, e.g. by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, does not. The actions of menadione on ROS production and cell fate were compared with those of a non-cycling analogue (2,4-dimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene (DMN)) using real-time confocal microscopy of isolated perfused murine pancreatic acinar cells. Menadione generated ROS with a concomitant decrease of NAD(P)H, consistent with redox cycling. The elevation of ROS was prevented by the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine but not by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyliodonium. DMN produced no change in reactive oxygen species per se but significantly potentiated menadione-induced effects, probably via enhancement of one-electron reduction, since DMN was found to inhibit NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase detoxification. Menadione caused apoptosis of pancreatic acinar cells that was significantly potentiated by DMN, whereas DMN alone had no effect. Furthermore, bile acid (taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate)-induced caspase activation was also greatly increased by DMN, whereas DMN had no effect per se. These results suggest that acute generation of ROS by menadione occurs via redox cycling, the net effect of which is induction of apoptotic pancreatic acinar cell death. Two-electron detoxifying enzymes such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, which are elevated in pancreatitis, may provide protection against excessive ROS and exert an important role in determining acinar cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- MRC Secretory Research Group, Department of Physiology and Division of Surgery and Oncology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
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Petersen OH, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Failure of calcium microdomain generation and pathological consequences. Cell Calcium 2006; 40:593-600. [PMID: 17049597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2006.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Normal physiological regulation depends on Ca(2+) microdomains, because there is a need to spatially separate Ca(2+) regulation of different cellular processes. It is only possible to generate local Ca(2+) signals transiently; so, there is an important functional link between Ca(2+) spiking and microdomains. The pancreatic acinar cell provides a useful cell biological model, because of its clear structural and functional polarization. Although local Ca(2+) spiking in the apical (granular) microdomain regulates fluid and enzyme secretion, prolonged global elevations of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration are associated with the human disease acute pancreatitis, in which proteases in the granular region become inappropriately activated and digest the pancreas and its surroundings. A major cause of pancreatitis is alcohol abuse and it has now been established that fatty acid ethyl esters and fatty acids, non-oxidative alcohol metabolites, are principally responsible for causing the acinar cell damage. The fatty acid ethyl esters release Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum and the fatty acids inhibit markedly mitochondrial ATP generation, which prevents the acinar cell from disposing of the excess Ca(2+) in the cytosol. Because of the abolition of ATP-dependent Ca(2+) pump activity, all intracellular Ca(2+) concentration gradients disappear and the most important part of the normal regulatory machinery is thereby destroyed. The end stage is necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole H Petersen
- MRC Group, The Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK.
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Abstract
Whereas alcohol itself, even in high concentrations, has little effect on the functional performance of isolated pancreatic acinar cells, non-oxidative metabolites (fatty acid ethyl esters [FAEE] and fatty acids [FA]) can cause Ca(2+)-dependent necrosis. The mechanism of action of FAEE has been investigated using a combination of patch clamp whole-cell current recording and Ca(2+) imaging. At low stimulation intensities, FAEE evoke repetitive short-lasting cytosolic Ca(2+) spikes, which are inhibited by caffeine, used as an inositol trisphosphate receptor antagonist. With more intense stimulation, sustained elevations of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration are observed, which can be prevented by pharmacological inhibition of the conversion of FAEE to FA. It is therefore the FA and not the FAEE that cause necrosis. The effect of FA cannot be blocked by inositol trisphosphate receptor antagonists. Fatty acids elicit a marked reduction in the cytosolic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level. The patch clamp experiments show that the toxic sustained Ca(2+) signal generation induced by FA can be prevented by adding ATP to the cell interior. The toxic alcohol effects are principally due to FAEE produced under non-oxidative conditions and their subsequent conversion to FA. The FA-induced necrosis is Ca(2+)-dependent. The destructive sustained Ca(2+) signals are due to inhibition of mitochondrial function with failure of ATP generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- MRC Group, Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Mota MRL, Criddle DN, Alencar NMN, Gomes RC, Meireles AVP, Santi-Gadelha T, Gadelha CAA, Oliveira CC, Benevides RG, Cavada BS, Assreuy AMS. Modulation of acute inflammation by a chitin-binding lectin from Araucaria angustifolia seeds via mast cells. Naunyn-Schmied Arch Pharmacol 2006; 374:1-10. [PMID: 16957941 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-006-0097-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a lectin (AaL) from seeds of Araucaria angustifolia were investigated in the model of rat paw edema. In vivo anti-and pro-inflammatory activities, role of sugar residues, inflammatory mediators and systemic toxicity were assessed. Intravenous injection of AaL (0.1-1 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited the dextran-induced increase in edema and vascular permeability, which were prevented by association of the lectin with its binding sugar N-acetyl-glucosamine (Glyc-Nac). AaL also significantly inhibited edema induced by serotonin (18%) and compound 48/80 (33%), but not edema induced by histamine. In contrast, when applied by the s.c. route, AaL evoked a paw edema that peaked 1 h later and was partially prevented by association with Glyc-Nac (59%) or by prior i.v. administration of the lectin itself (38.8%). This AaL edematogenic activity was significantly inhibited by pentoxifylline (44.4%) or dexamethasone (51%) and also by depletion of rat paw mast cells (45.6%), but not by L-N-nitro-arginine methyl ester or indomethacin, excluding involvement of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Treatment of animals with a single anti-inflammatory dose of AaL (1 mg/kg, i.v.) for 7 days did not affect rat corporal mass, liver, kidney, spleen or stomach wet weight, blood leukocyte count, and urea, creatinine or serum transaminase activity. Systemic toxicity was apparent only at much higher doses (LD50=88.3 mg/kg) than those required for the anti-inflammatory effect. Summarizing, AaL exerts anti-and pro-edematogenic actions via interaction with its specific lectin domain. These actions may share a common pathway involving either activation or inhibition of inflammatory mediators from resident mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário R L Mota
- Laboratório de Farmacologia dos Canais Iônicos -LAFACI-Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, 60740-000, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
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Criddle DN, Murphy J, Fistetto G, Barrow S, Tepikin AV, Neoptolemos JP, Sutton R, Petersen OH. Fatty acid ethyl esters cause pancreatic calcium toxicity via inositol trisphosphate receptors and loss of ATP synthesis. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:781-93. [PMID: 16530519 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acid ethyl esters are ethanol metabolites inducing sustained, toxic elevations of the acinar cytosolic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](C)) implicated in pancreatitis. We sought to define the mechanisms of this elevation. METHODS Isolated mouse pancreatic acinar cells were loaded with fluorescent dyes for confocal microscopy to measure [Ca(2+)](C) (Fluo 4, Fura Red), endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](ER), Mg Fluo 4), mitochondrial membrane potential (TMRM), ADP:ATP ratio (Mg Green), and NADH autofluorescence in response to palmitoleic acid ethyl ester and palmitoleic acid (10-100 micromol/L). Whole-cell patch clamp was used to measure the calcium-activated chloride current and apply ethanol metabolites and/or ATP intracellularly. RESULTS Intracellular delivery of ester induced oscillatory increases of [Ca(2+)](C) and calcium-activated currents, inhibited acutely by caffeine (20 mmol/L), but not atropine, indicating involvement of inositol trisphosphate receptor channels. The stronger effect of extracellular ester or acid caused depletion of [Ca(2+)](ER), not prevented by caffeine, but associated with depleted ATP, depleted NADH autofluorescence, and depolarized mitochondria, suggesting calcium-ATPase pump failure because of lack of ATP. Intracellular ATP abolished the sustained rise in [Ca(2+)](C), although oscillatory signals persisted that were prevented by caffeine. Inhibition of ester hydrolysis markedly reduced its calcium-releasing effect and consequent toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Fatty acid ethyl ester increases [Ca(2+)](C) through inositol trisphosphate receptors and, following hydrolysis, through calcium-ATPase pump failure from impaired mitochondrial ATP production. Lowering cellular fatty acid substrate concentrations may reduce cell injury in pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Medical Research Council Secretory Control Research Group, Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Madeira SVF, Rabelo M, Soares PMG, Souza EP, Meireles AVP, Montenegro C, Lima RF, Assreuy AMS, Criddle DN. Temporal variation of chemical composition and relaxant action of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) on guinea-pig ileum. Phytomedicine 2005; 12:506-9. [PMID: 16008129 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) is widely encountered in the Northeast of Brasil where it is used to treat digestive problems. Its leaves have an essential oil (EOOG) content whose chemical composition varies according to the time of plant collection. We have compared the effects of the EOOG, collected at 08:00 a.m. (EOOG8) and at 12:00 a.m. (EOOG12), on the relaxation of guinea-pig isolated ileum. Both EOOG8 and EOOG12 (30-300 microg/ml) reversibly relaxed the spontaneous tonus of the guinea-pig ileum in a concentration-dependent manner, with similar IC50 values (49.3 and 23.8 microg/ml, respectively). The magnitude of the decrease in resting tonus was similar to that of the recognised smooth muscle relaxant papaverine. EOOG8 and EOOG12 relaxed 60 mM KCl-precontracted preparations similarly (38.33 +/- 9.91 microg/ml and 35.53 +/- 6.70), whereas a significantly more potent relaxant effect of EOOG12 compared to EOOG8 was observed when tissues were contracted using 10 microM acetylcholine (IC50 values of 69.55 +/- 4.93 and 128.16 +/- 15.70 microg/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). The principal constituents of the essential oil, eugenol and cineole, also relaxed KCl-precontracted preparations, although they were less potent than EOOG, suggesting that they alone were not responsible for EOOG-induced relaxations. Our results show that the essential oil extracted from the leaves of O. gratissimum L., collected at different time periods, exerts significant relaxant effects on isolated guinea-pig ileum which may underlie the therapeutic action of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V F Madeira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia dos Canais Iônicos--LAFACI, Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Fisiológicas, CCS, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Av. Paranjana 1700, Fortaleza CE 60740-000, Brazil
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